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Fulltext Sea grapes powder with the addition of tempe rich in collagen: An anti-aging functional food

Permatasari HK, Nurkolis F, Vivo CD, Noor SL, Rahmawati R, Radu S, et al.

F1000Res, 2021;10:789.
PMID: 36237995 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.55307.3

Background: This study aimed to determine the potential anti-aging effects of sea grapes and tempe (fermented soybeans) collagen particle size, by measuring the activities of anti-glycation, antioxidant, and tyrosinase inhibitors. Methods: Collagen was isolated from freeze-dried sea grapes and tempe powder and treated with different NaOH concentrations (0.10 M; 0.20 M; 0.30 M), and CH 3COOH 1 M solution, separately. The collagen particle size was adjusted by stirring at 1000 rpm for 5 and 10 hours. 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) was used to measure the antioxidant activity, and L-tyrosine and L-DOPA (l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine) was used as a marker of tyrosine inhibition. Results: The collagen treated with 0.10 M NaOH produced the highest collagen yield (11.65%), and the largest particle size (2455 nm). Additionally, this collagen, when treated for 5 hours, exhibited 24.70% antioxidant activity, 62.60% anti-glycation, 8.97% L-tyrosine, and 26.77% L-Dopa inhibition activities. Meanwhile, the collagen treated for 10 hours had a 9.98% antioxidant activity, 41.48% anti-glycation, 7.89% L-tyrosine, and 2.67% L-Dopa inhibition activity. Conclusion: Sea grapes and tempe collagen powder treated with 0.10 M NaOH and stirred for 5 hours, possess the best potential anti-aging properties as a functional food.

Matched MeSH terms: Vitis*
Fulltext A new source of Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a leavening agent in bread making

Noroul Asyikeen, Z., Ma’aruf, A.G., Sahilah, A.M., Mohd. Khan, A., Wan Aida, W.M.

International Food Research Journal, 2013;20(2):967-973.
MyJurnal

Megabiodiversity of Malaysian’s flora and fauna which include microorganism could be conserved and served as alternative source indigenous yeast, the leavening agent of commercial bread making. This study was conducted in attempt to exploit the potential of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains isolated from 30 different local fruits and plant parts as a leavening agent in bread making. The enrichment was carried out by fermenting the plant samples in medium containing Grape Must at 25°C for 10 days following by isolation of tentative yeasts at 30°C for 3 to 5 days. 20 out of 30 samples tested showed the presence of yeasts was then selected for identification of S. cerevisiae strains through biochemical and physiological tests. Of the 20 yeast strains examined, 13 strains were identified as S. cerevisiae and potentially used as leavening agent in bread making where 5 strains namely SN3, SMK9, SDB10, SRB11 and SS12 showed better fermentative performance compared to commercial strains. Thus, indicated that the local fruits and plant parts could be the potential source of indigenous S. cerevisiae strains for leavening agent in bread making.

Matched MeSH terms: Vitis
Surfactant TWEEN20 provides stabilisation effect on anthocyanins extracted from red grape pomace

MohdMaidin N, Oruna-Concha MJ, Jauregi P

Food Chem, 2019 Jan 15;271:224-231.
PMID: 30236671 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.07.083

Red grape pomace, a wine-making by-product is rich in anthocyanins and has many applications in food and pharmaceutical industry. However, anthocyanins are unstable during processing and storage. This study aimed to investigate the stability of anthocyanins obtained by hydroalcoholic extraction (with and without sorbic acid) and colloidal gas aphrons (CGA) separation; a surfactant (TWEEN20) based separation. Anthocyanins in CGA samples showed higher stability (half-life = 55 d) than in the crude extract (half-life = 43 d) and their stability increased with the concentration of TWEEN20 in the CGA fraction (6.07-8.58 mM). The anthocyanins loss in the CGA sample (with the maximum content of surfactant, 8.58 mM) was 34.90%, comparable to that in the crude ethanolic extract with sorbic acid (EE-SA) (31.53%) and lower than in the crude extract (44%). Colour stabilisation was also observed which correlated well with the stability of individual anthocyanins in the EE and CGA samples. Malvidin-3-o-glucoside was the most stable anthocyanin over time.

Matched MeSH terms: Vitis/chemistry*
Palaeogenomic insights into the origins of French grapevine diversity

Ramos-Madrigal J, Runge AKW, Bouby L, Lacombe T, Samaniego Castruita JA, Adam-Blondon AF, et al.

Nat Plants, 2019 Jun;5(6):595-603.
PMID: 31182840 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-019-0437-5

The Eurasian grapevine (Vitis vinifera) has long been important for wine production as well as being a food source. Despite being clonally propagated, modern cultivars exhibit great morphological and genetic diversity, with thousands of varieties described in historic and contemporaneous records. Through historical accounts, some varieties can be traced to the Middle Ages, but the genetic relationships between ancient and modern vines remain unknown. We present target-enriched genome-wide sequencing data from 28 archaeological grape seeds dating to the Iron Age, Roman era and medieval period. When compared with domesticated and wild accessions, we found that the archaeological samples were closely related to western European cultivars used for winemaking today. We identified seeds with identical genetic signatures present at different Roman sites, as well as seeds sharing parent-offspring relationships with varieties grown today. Furthermore, we discovered that one seed dated to ~1100 CE was a genetic match to 'Savagnin Blanc', providing evidence for 900 years of uninterrupted vegetative propagation.

Matched MeSH terms: Vitis/genetics*
Fulltext Sensing study of quinoxaline analogues with theoretical calculation, single-crystal X-ray structure and real application in commercial fruit juices

Chakraborty S, Goswami S, Quah CK, Pakhira B

R Soc Open Sci, 2018 Jun;5(6):180149.
PMID: 30110468 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.180149

Single-crystal X-ray structures of dimeric quinoxaline aldehyde (QA), quinoxaline dihydrazone (DHQ) and HQNM (Goswami S et al. 2013 Tetrahedron Lett.54, 5075-5077. (doi:10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.07.051); Goswami S et al. 2014 RSC Adv.4, 20 922-20 926. (doi:10.1039/C4RA00594E); Goswami S et al. 2014 New J. Chem.38, 6230-6235. (doi:10.1039/C4NJ01498G)) are reported along with the theoretical study. Among them, QA is not acting as an active probe, but DHQ and HQNM are serving as selective and sensitive probe for the Fe3+ cation and the Ni2+ cation, respectively. DHQ can also detect the Fe3+ in commercial fruit juices (grape and pomegranate).

Matched MeSH terms: Vitis
Molecularly imprinted polymer as sorbent in micro-solid phase extraction of ochratoxin A in coffee, grape juice and urine

Lee TP, Saad B, Khayoon WS, Salleh B

Talanta, 2012 Jan 15;88:129-35.
PMID: 22265478 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.10.021

A simple, environmental friendly and selective sample preparation technique employing porous membrane protected micro-solid phase extraction (μ-SPE) loaded with molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) for the determination of ochratoxin A (OTA) is described. After the extraction, the analyte was desorbed using ultrasonication and was analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography. Under the optimized conditions, the detection limits of OTA for coffee, grape juice and urine were 0.06 ng g(-1), 0.02 and 0.02 ng mL(-1), respectively while the quantification limits were 0.19 ng g(-1), 0.06 and 0.08 ng mL(-1), respectively. The recoveries of OTA from coffee spiked at 1, 25 and 50 ng g(-1), grape juice and urine samples at 1, 25 and 50 ng mL(-1) ranged from 90.6 to 101.5%. The proposed method was applied to thirty-eight samples of coffee, grape juice and urine and the presence of OTA was found in eighteen samples. The levels found, however, were all below the legal limits.

Matched MeSH terms: Vitis/chemistry*
Fulltext Prooxidant/antioxidant ratio (ProAntidex) as a better index of net free radical scavenging potential

Ling LT, Palanisamy UD, Cheng HM

Molecules, 2010 Nov;15(11):7884-92.
PMID: 21060296 DOI: 10.3390/molecules15117884

The antioxidant activity of several Malaysian plant extracts was analyzed simultaneously with their pro-oxidant capacity. This ratio represents an index (ProAntidex) of the net free radical scavenging ability of whole plant extracts. We observed that ethanolic extracts of Nephelium lappaceum peel, Fragaria x ananassa leaf, Lawsonia inermis leaf, Syzygium aqueum leaf and grape seed had a lower Pro-Antidex than the commercially available Emblica™ extract which is an antioxidant agent with very low pro-oxidant activity. Among the aqueous extracts, Lawsonia inermis leaf, Nephelium mutobile leaf and grape seed had lower pro-oxidant activity compared to the Emblica™ extract. Among these extracts, aqueous extract of Nephelium mutobile leaf had a very low index of 0.05 compared to 0.69 for Emblica™. Most of the extracts had a far lower ProAntidex compared to the Vitamin C. The index enables us to identify extracts with high net free radical scavenging activity potential. The ProAntidex is beneficial as a screening parameter to the food industries and healthcare.

Matched MeSH terms: Vitis/chemistry
Fulltext Genome sequence of Methylobacterium sp. strain GXF4, a xylem-associated bacterium isolated from Vitis vinifera L. grapevine

Gan HM, Chew TH, Hudson AO, Savka MA

J Bacteriol, 2012 Sep;194(18):5157-8.
PMID: 22933776 DOI: 10.1128/JB.01201-12

Methylobacterium sp. strain GXF4 is an isolate from grapevine. Here we present the sequence, assembly, and annotation of its genome, which may shed light on its role as a grapevine xylem inhabitant. To our knowledge, this is the first genome announcement of a plant xylem-associated strain of the genus Methylobacterium.

Matched MeSH terms: Vitis/microbiology
Fulltext Antibacterial Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Syzygium polyanthum L. (Salam) Leaves against Foodborne Pathogens and Application as Food Sanitizer

Ramli S, Radu S, Shaari K, Rukayadi Y

Biomed Res Int, 2017;2017:9024246.
PMID: 29410966 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9024246

The aim of this study was to determine antibacterial activity of S. polyanthum L. (salam) leaves extract foodborne pathogens. All the foodborne pathogens were inhibited after treating with extract in disk diffusion test with range 6.67 ± 0.58-9.67 ± 0.58 mm of inhibition zone. The range of MIC values was between 0.63 and 1.25 mg/mL whereas MBC values were in the range 0.63 mg/mL to 2.50 mg/mL. In time-kill curve, L. monocytogenes and P. aeruginosa were found completely killed after exposing to extract in 1 h incubation at 4x MIC. Four hours had been taken to completely kill E. coli, S. aureus, V. cholerae, and V. parahaemolyticus at 4x MIC. However, the population of K. pneumoniae, P. mirabilis, and S. typhimurium only reduced to 3 log CFU/mL. The treated cell showed cell rupture and leakage of the cell cytoplasm in SEM observation. The significant reduction of natural microflora in grapes fruit was started at 0.50% of extract at 5 min and this concentration also was parallel to sensory attributes acceptability where application of extract was accepted by the panellists until 5%. In conclusion, S. polyanthum extract exhibits antimicrobial activities and thus might be developed as natural sanitizer for washing raw food materials.

Matched MeSH terms: Vitis/drug effects
On-line preconcentration and chiral separation of propiconazole by cyclodextrin-modified micellar electrokinetic chromatography

Wan Ibrahim WA, Hermawan D, Sanagi MM

J Chromatogr A, 2007 Nov 2;1170(1-2):107-13.
PMID: 17915239

A method for the chiral separation of propiconazole using cyclodextrin-modified micellar electrokinetic chromatography (CD-MEKC) with hydroxypropyl-gamma-cyclodextrin (HP-gamma-CD) as chiral selector is reported. The use of a mixture of 30 mM HP-gamma-CD, 50mM SDS, methanol-acetonitrile 10%:5% (v/v) in 25 mM phosphate buffer solution was able to separate two enantiomeric pairs of propiconazole. Stacking- and sweeping-CD-MEKC under neutral pH (pH 7) and under acidic condition (pH 3.0) were used as two on-line preconcentration methods to increase detection sensitivity of propiconazole. Good repeatabilities in the migration time, peak area and peak height were obtained in terms of relative standard deviation (RSD). A sensitivity enhancement factor of 100-fold was achieved using sweeping-CD-MEKC at acidic pH. This is the first report on the separation of two pairs of propiconazole enantiomers and all the enantiomers of fenbuconazole and tebuconazole using sweeping-CD-MEKC. The limit of detection (S/N=3) for the three triazole fungicides ranged from 0.09 to 0.1 microg/mL, which is well below the maximum residue limits (MRL) set by Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC). Combination of solid-phase extraction (SPE) pretreatment and sweeping-CD-MEKC procedure was applied to the determination of selected triazole fungicides in grapes samples spiked at concentration 10-40 times lower than the MRL established by the CAC. The average recoveries of the selected fungicides in spiked grapes samples were good, ranging from 73% to 109% with RSD of 9-12% (n=3).

Matched MeSH terms: Vitis/poisoning*; Vitis/chemistry
Fulltext Synthesis, characterization and application of gelatin-carboxymethyl cellulose blend films for preservation of cherry tomatoes and grapes

Samsi MS, Kamari A, Din SM, Lazar G

J Food Sci Technol, 2019 Jun;56(6):3099-3108.
PMID: 31205364 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-019-03809-3

In the present study, gelatin-carboxymethyl cellulose blend film was synthesized, characterized and applied for the first time to preserve cherry tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme) and grapes (Vitis vinifera). Gelatin (Gel) film forming solution was incorporated with carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) at three volume per volume (Gel:CMC) ratios, namely 75:25, 50:50 and 25:75. CMC treatment has improved the transparency, tensile strength (TS), elongation at break (EAB), water vapor permeability and oxygen permeability of gelatin films. A pronounced effect was obtained for 25Gel:75CMC film. The TS and EAB values were increased from 25.98 MPa and 2.34% (100Gel:0CMC) to 37.54 MPa and 4.41% (25Gel:75CMC), respectively. A significant improvement in antimicrobial property of gelatin films against two food pathogens, namely Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) was obtained in the presence of CMC. The effectiveness of gelatin-CMC blend films to extend the shelf life of agricultural products was evaluated in a 14-day preservation study. The gelatin-CMC films were successfully controlled the weight loss and browning index of the fruits up to 50.41% and 31.34%, respectively. Overall, gelatin-CMC film is an environmental friendly film for food preservation.

Matched MeSH terms: Vitis
Fulltext Development and physico-chemical analysis of granola formulated with puffed glutinous rice and selected dried Sunnah foods

Agbaje, R., Hassan, C. Z., Norlelawati, A., Huda-Faujan, N., Abdul Rahman, A.

International Food Research Journal, 2016;23(2):498-506.
MyJurnal

The need for nutritional and functional foods has increased. Consumers, these days, do not
eat snacks only to provide satisfaction for their hunger, but also to supply essential nutrients
to body. The objective of this study was to develop six formulations of granolas/cereal bars
using different combination of Sunnah fruits such as dates (Phoenix dactylifera), raisins (Vitis
vinifera L.) and figs (Ficus carica). The cereal bars were formulated using dry raw materials
(glutinous rice, black Cummins, etc.) and binding agents (honey and glucose syrup). The cereal
bars were assessed for water activity and proximate composition. It was observed that the
sample B, made with 70 g of glucose syrup, 100 g honey and 450 g of total fruits had the
highest value of moisture (18.73%) as compared to other formulations (P˂ 0.05). There were no
differences in protein contents of the cereal bars formulated. Ash contents of the formulations
were significantly different (P˂ 0.05) in samples B and F; the values ranged between 0.97%
and 1.88%. The fat contents were significantly different with formulation B having the highest
fat content (10.72%) and carbohydrate contents were affected by fibre contents; samples with
lower crude fibres had higher carbohydrate contents which also reflect in the energy contents
of the granola/cereal bar samples. Lowest aw (water activity) was observed in the samples with
lower fruit contents which could be as a result of their lower moisture contents. According to
the results, incorporation of glutinous rice flakes with different composition Sunnah foods and
binding agents; honey and glucose syrup can be used to formulate cereal bars with appreciable
proximate and energy contents.

Matched MeSH terms: Vitis
Development of guar gum based active packaging films using grape pomace

Saurabh CK, Gupta S, Variyar PS

J Food Sci Technol, 2018 Jun;55(6):1982-1992.
PMID: 29892098 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-018-3112-3

The objective of this study was to develop biodegradable active film to improve the shelf-life of minimally processed fresh-produce. Guar gum (GG) based films with improved properties were fabricated by employing tween-80 (0.88%) as emulsifier, nanoclay (13.9%) as reinforcement, beeswax (1.21%) for hydrophobicity, glycerol (3.07%) as plasticizer, and grape pomace extract (5%) as active ingredient (%w/w of GG). Active films had a tensile strength of 122 MPa and water vapor transmission rate of 69 gm-2d-1. Films demonstrated significant antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, and Salmonella Typhimurium. The 2 kGy irradiated minimally processed pomegranate arils packed in film demonstrated a shelf-life of 12 days as compared to 4 days for unirradiated samples. The observed improvement in shelf-life was due to a radiation-induced release of antimicrobial volatiles from active films as confirmed by headspace analysis using GC-MS. Suitability of active films for food irradiation applications is thus demonstrated.

Matched MeSH terms: Vitis
Vortex-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction coupled with high performance liquid chromatography for the determination of furfurals and patulin in fruit juices

Abu-Bakar NB, Makahleh A, Saad B

Talanta, 2014 Mar;120:47-54.
PMID: 24468341 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.11.081

A fast and simple solvent microextraction technique using salting out-vortex-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction (salting out-VALLME) was developed for the extraction of furfurals (2-furfural (2-F), 3-furfural (3-F), 5-methylfurfural (5-MF) and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF)) and patulin (PAT) in fruit juice samples. The optimum extraction conditions for 5 mL sample were: extraction solvent, 1-hexanol; volume of extractant, 200 µL; vortex time, 45 s; salt addition, 20%. The simultaneous determination of the furfurals and PAT were investigated using high performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detector (HPLC-DAD). The separation was performed using ODS Hypersil C18 column (4.6 mm i.d × 250 mm, 5 μm) under gradient elution. The detection wavelengths used for all compounds were 280 nm except for 3-F (210 nm). The furfurals and PAT were successfully separated in less than 9 min. Good linearities (r(2)>0.99) were obtained within the range 1-5000 μg L(-1) for all compounds except for 3-F (10-5000 µg L(-1)) and PAT (0.5-100 μg L(-1)). The limits of detection (0.28-3.2 µg L(-1)) were estimated at S/N ratio of 3. The validated salting out-VALLME-HPLC method was applied for the analysis of furfurals and PAT in fruit juice samples (apple, mango and grape).

Matched MeSH terms: Vitis/chemistry
Methanolic seed extract of Vitis vinifera ameliorates oxidative stress, inflammation and ATPase dysfunction in infarcted and non-infarcted heart of streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced male diabetic rats

Giribabu N, Roslan J, Rekha SS, Salleh N

Int J Cardiol, 2016 Nov 01;222:850-65.
PMID: 27522389 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.07.250

BACKGROUND: We hypothesized that consumption of Vitis vinifera seed by diabetics could help to ameliorate myocardial damage. Therefore, in this study, we investigated effects of V. vinifera seed methanolic extract (VVSME) on parameters related to myocardial damage in diabetes with or without myocardial infarction (MI).
METHODS: Streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced diabetic rats received oral VVSME for 28days. MI was induced by intraperitoneal injection of isoproterenol on last two days. Prior to sacrifice, blood was collected and fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), lipid profile and insulin levels were measured. Levels of serum cardiac injury marker (troponin-I and CK-MB) were determined and histopathological changes in the heart were observed following harvesting. Levels of oxidative stress (LPO, SOD, CAT, GPx and RAGE), inflammation (NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6) and cardiac ATPases (Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase and Ca(2+)-ATPase) were determined in heart homogenates. LC-MS was used to identify constituents in the extracts.
RESULTS: Consumption of VVSME by diabetic rats with or without MI improved the metabolic profiles while decreased the cardiac injury marker levels with lesser myocardial damage observed. Additionally, VVSME consumption reduced the levels of LPO, RAGE, TNF-α, Iκκβ, NF-κβ, IL-1β and IL-6 while increased the levels of SOD, CAT, GPx, Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase and Ca(2+)-ATPase in the infarcted and non-infarcted heart of diabetic rats (p<0.05). LC-MS analysis revealed 17 major compounds in VVSME which might be responsible for the observed effects.
CONCLUSIONS: Consumption of VVSME by diabetics helps to ameliorate damage to the infarcted and non-infarcted myocardium by decreasing oxidative stress, inflammation and cardiac ATPases dysfunctions.

Matched MeSH terms: Vitis*
Chitosan, gelatin and methylcellulose films incorporated with tannic acid for food packaging

Halim ALA, Kamari A, Phillip E

Int J Biol Macromol, 2018 Dec;120(Pt A):1119-1126.
PMID: 30176328 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.08.169

In this work, chitosan, gelatin and methylcellulose films incorporated with tannic acid (TA) were synthesised, characterised and applied for the first time to preserve cherry tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme) and grapes (Vitis vinifera). The addition of TA at 15% (w/w) increased the transparency value of biopolymer films. The highest increment of transparency value was obtained for MC-TA film, increased from 0.572 to 4.73 A/mm. Based on antimicrobial study, the addition of TA improved the antibacterial properties of biopolymers against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). The ability of films to preserve both fruits was evaluated in a 14-day preservation study. The application of biopolymer films treated with TA has decreased the weight loss and browning index of fruits, as compared to control films. A significant reduction in the weight loss of cherry tomatoes wrapped with chitosan (from 21.3 to 19.6%), gelatin (from 22.1 to 15.5%) and methylcellulose (26.2 to 20.5%) films were obtained following TA treatment. Overall, results obtained from this study highlight the effects of TA on physiochemical properties of biopolymer films and their ability to preserve fruits.

Matched MeSH terms: Vitis/microbiology
Fulltext Genome sequence of Novosphingobium sp. strain Rr 2-17, a nopaline crown gall-associated bacterium isolated from Vitis vinifera L. grapevine

Gan HM, Chew TH, Hudson AO, Savka MA

J Bacteriol, 2012 Sep;194(18):5137-8.
PMID: 22933764 DOI: 10.1128/JB.01159-12

Novosphingobium sp. strain Rr 2-17 is an N-acyl homoserine lactone (AHL)-producing bacterium isolated from the crown gall tumor of a grapevine. To our knowledge, this is the first draft genome announcement of a plant-associated strain from the genus Novosphingobium.

Matched MeSH terms: Vitis/microbiology
Fulltext A polyphenol-enriched diet and Ascaris suum infection modulate mucosal immune responses and gut microbiota composition in pigs

Williams AR, Krych L, Fauzan Ahmad H, Nejsum P, Skovgaard K, Nielsen DS, et al.

PLoS One, 2017;12(10):e0186546.
PMID: 29028844 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186546

Polyphenols are a class of bioactive plant secondary metabolites that are thought to have beneficial effects on gut health, such as modulation of mucosal immune and inflammatory responses and regulation of parasite burdens. Here, we examined the interactions between a polyphenol-rich diet supplement and infection with the enteric nematode Ascaris suum in pigs. Pigs were fed either a basal diet or the same diet supplemented with grape pomace (GP), an industrial by-product rich in polyphenols such as oligomeric proanthocyanidins. Half of the animals in each group were then inoculated with A. suum for 14 days to assess parasite establishment, acquisition of local and systemic immune responses and effects on the gut microbiome. Despite in vitro anthelmintic activity of GP-extracts, numbers of parasite larvae in the intestine were not altered by GP-supplementation. However, the bioactive diet significantly increased numbers of eosinophils induced by A. suum infection in the duodenum, jejunum and ileum, and modulated gene expression in the jejunal mucosa of infected pigs. Both GP-supplementation and A. suum infection induced significant and apparently similar changes in the composition of the prokaryotic gut microbiota, and both also decreased concentrations of isobutyric and isovaleric acid (branched-chain short chain fatty acids) in the colon. Our results demonstrate that while a polyphenol-enriched diet in pigs may not directly influence A. suum establishment, it significantly modulates the subsequent host response to helminth infection. Our results suggest an influence of diet on immune function which may potentially be exploited to enhance immunity to helminths.

Matched MeSH terms: Vitis/chemistry
Fulltext Decoding Antioxidant and Antibacterial Potentials of Malaysian Green Seaweeds: Caulerpa racemosa and Caulerpa lentillifera

Yap WF, Tay V, Tan SH, Yow YY, Chew J

Antibiotics (Basel), 2019 Sep 17;8(3).
PMID: 31533237 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics8030152

Seaweeds are gaining a considerable amount of attention for their antioxidant and antibacterial properties. Caulerpa racemosa and Caulerpa lentillifera, also known as 'sea grapes', are green seaweeds commonly found in different parts of the world, but the antioxidant and antibacterial potentials of Malaysian C. racemosa and C. lentillifera have not been thoroughly explored. In this study, crude extracts of the seaweeds were prepared using chloroform, methanol, and water. Total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) were measured, followed by in vitro antioxidant activity determination using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay. Antibacterial activities of these extracts were tested against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and neuropathogenic Escherichia coli K1. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LCMS) analysis was then used to determine the possible compounds present in the extract with the most potent antioxidant and antibacterial activity. Results showed that C. racemosa chloroform extract had the highest TPC (13.41 ± 0.86 mg GAE/g), antioxidant effect (EC50 at 0.65 ± 0.03 mg/mL), and the strongest antibacterial effect (97.7 ± 0.30%) against MRSA. LCMS analysis proposed that the chloroform extracts of C. racemosa are mainly polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fatty acids, terpenes, and alkaloids. In conclusion, C. racemosa can be a great source of novel antioxidant and antibacterial agents, but isolation and purification of the bioactive compounds are needed to study their mechanism of action.

Matched MeSH terms: Vitis
Fulltext Potential health detriment from fruit-induced immunomodulation

Pei-Shin, Chai, Siti Zuleha Idris, Norfarazieda Hassan, Nur Ramziahrazana Jumat, Zainina Seman, Sharmili Vidyadaran, et al.

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2019;15(108):11-11.
MyJurnal

The immune system responds to stimulus by activation/increase or inhibition/decrease in activities. These immu-nomodulatory effects may be triggered by various factors in the environment including cytokines, hormones and growth factors, as well as flavonoids, antioxidants and various antigens in food and the environment. Immunosup-pression has a direct effect on the capacity of the immune system to fight against infection and cancer formation. A pro-inflammatory response, however, may induce further progression of tumours that had formed. Inflammation is also associated with many chronic illnesses including pain. The suppressive effects from phytochemicals have been shown in the potential to reduce T-lymphocyte proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Studies have demonstrated inhibi-tion of pro-inflammatory cytokines from flavonoid such as naringenin, green tea polyphenol extract, encapsulated fruit and vegetable juice powder concentrate. Feijoa sellowiana Berg var. coolidge fruit juice consumption exerted anti-inflammatory activity on edema-induced mice within first hour of treatment while agipenin, a natural flavonoid reduced neuroinflammation by protection against damage from dendritic cells stimulated T cells in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mouse models. Dietary polyphenols were found to exert a regulatory role on den-dritic cell function. Our own study showed immunosuppressive effect from increased T regulatory cells from papaya consumption. Increased regulatory cells are associated with cancer conditions. On the other hand, grape juice con-sumption mobilized gamma–delta T cells. Ginseng berry extract increased pro-inflammatory molecules in dendritic cells in the spleen while polysaccharide fractions from Momorica charantia, an edible medicinal vegetable increased various immune indexes. Fruits may also have endo-immunomodulatory function causing differential effects in male and female. Sex hormones can influence immune changes based on sex as seen in increased NK cells in males and antibodies in females. We observed a population of CD4-CD45RA-CD69+CD25- cells was significantly lower in males. However, none of these studies have been directly conducted on cancers. Investigation into this area may help improve decision making in cancer management.

Matched MeSH terms: Vitis

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