Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 35 in total

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  1. Primary tuberculosis of the nasopharynx
    Gnanapragasam A
    Med J Malaya, 1972 Mar;26(3):194-7.
    PMID: 5031014
    Matched MeSH terms: Streptomycin/therapeutic use
  2. Experimental salmonella infections: immunity studies
    Singh RB
    Med J Malaya, 1966 Dec;21(2):177-98.
    PMID: 4227390
    Matched MeSH terms: Streptomycin/pharmacology*
  3. Fulltext Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection: demographic data and comparison of anti-tuberculosis susceptibility test
    Nur Hidayah Masod, Noraziah Mohamad Zin, Alfizah Hanafiah
    Sains Malaysiana, 2018;47:543-549.
    Tuberculosis (TB) is a major health problem in many developing countries including Malaysia. In Malaysia, the number of death due to tuberculosis has decreased, but there is rising concern on the increase of drug resistance (multi drug resistance tuberculosis) cases. In this study, patients’ demographic data were analyzed and the susceptibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis against anti-tuberculosis agents (isoniazid, streptomycin, rifampicin and ethambutol) was determined using susceptibility MYCOTB plates. A total of 40 clinical M. tuberculosis isolates, isolated from patients in PPUKM were randomly selected. Among these, 62.5% were male (mean age: 36.9±17.9 years) and 37.5% were female (mean age: 42.6±16.6 years). Malay patients accounted for the highest percentage of TB cases which was 60%, followed by Indians 15%, 5% Chinese and 20% other ethnics. The isolation of M. tuberculosis from clinical samples were 60%, 17.5%, 7.5%, 7.5%, 5% and 2.5% from sputum, tracheal aspirate, pus, blood, BAL and tissue, respectively. This is correlated with the majority of the patients (67.5%) infected with M. tuberculosis having persistent cough symptoms. The results from MYCOTB and BACTEC MGIT 960 susceptibility testing were compared. The average time taken to do the anti-TB susceptibility test by using MYCOTB plate and BACTEC MGIT 960 was 2 and 40.5 min, respectively. Cost per sample for MYCOTB and BACTEC MGIT 960 was RM16.65 and RM42.80, respectively. To conclude, based on our demographic data, TB infection was the highest amongst male Malay patients and the main specimens that been received was sputum sample. MYCOTB plate was more preferable than BACTEC MGIT 960 for the susceptibility testing and all clinical samples were 100% susceptible to all tested anti-TB agents. Data gathered from this study can be used as guideline for the management of TB diagnosis and treatment in the future.
    Keywords: BACTEC MGIT 960; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; MYCOTB plate; tuberculosis
    Matched MeSH terms: Streptomycin
  4. Detection of pathogenic Vibrio species and antibiogram activity in Asian Seabass (Lates calcarifer) in Tumpat, Kelantan
    Auzureen AMZ, Michael MS, Mohamed M, Peng TL, Fauzi F, Mohamad NFA, et al.
    Trop Biomed, 2022 Dec 01;39(4):569-574.
    PMID: 36602217 DOI: 10.47665/tb.39.4.013
    Some of Vibrio species is well known as pathogenic bacteria in aquaculture and the marine industry. Its infection is able to generate a massive outbreak and affect the fish population, especially for net caged fish such as seabass. This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of Vibrio spp. isolated from seabass (Lates calcarifer) in Sri Tujuh Lagoon, Tumpat, Kelantan. Then, to determine the antibiotic resistance in Vibrio isolates. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect Vibrio species using specific primer VR169 and VR744 with estimation base pair size band, 597 bp and further identified by sequencing. On the other hand, antibiotic susceptibility tests were continued by using 13 types of antibiotics; kanamycin (K30), chloramphenicol (C30), neomycin (N10), ampicillin (AMP10), nitrofurantoin (F300), tetracycline (TE30), streptomycin (S10), norfloxacin (NOR10), ciprofloxacin (CIP5), nalidixic acid (NA30), gentamicin (CN10), doxycycline (DO30) and sulfamethoxazole (SXT100). As a result, 14 Vibrio isolates were identified, including Vibrio fluvialis (n=6), Vibrio parahaemolyticus (n=3), Vibrio harveyi (n=2) and each isolate for Vibrio vulnificus, Vibrio alginolyticus and Vibrio spp. The results showed that all isolates were sensitive to most antibiotics except ampicillin, neomycin and streptomycin. The MAR index value was ranging from 0 to 0.31. This study demonstrates the prevalence of Vibrio spp. in seabass and the report on multidrug resistance strains that could be of concern to the fish farmers. In addition, data from this study can be further used in fish disease management plans.
    Matched MeSH terms: Streptomycin
  5. Antibacterial effects of ellagitannins from Acalypha wilkesiana var. macafeana hort.: surface morphology analysis with environmental scanning electron microscopy and synergy with antibiotics
    Din WM, Jin KT, Ramli R, Khaithir TM, Wiart C
    Phytother Res, 2013 Sep;27(9):1313-20.
    PMID: 23109276 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.4876
    The present study served to gain further insight into the bactericidal effects of ellagitannins from Acalypha wilkesiana var. macafeana hort. against pathogenic bacteria. Ellagitannins from the aerial parts of A. wilkesiana var. macafeana hort. (EAW) inhibited the growth of Bacillus cereus (ATCC 11778), Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 11632) and Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) clinical strain with inhibition zones equal to 11.01 ± 1.53 mm, 16.63 ± 0.11 mm, 11.40 ± 1.10 mm and 8.22 ± 0.19 mm, respectively. The minimal inhibition concentration and the minimal bactericidal concentration of ellagitannins from A. wilkesiana var. macafeana hort. (EAW) against MRSA were 750 µg/mL and 3000 µg/mL, respectively. We then examined the synergistic effect of EAW with three antibiotics, i.e. ampicillin, streptomycin and tetracycline, via the checkerboard assay and time-kill assay and observed that EAW is synergistic with ampicillin against S. aureus (ATCC 11632). Environmental electron scanning microscopy analysis showed cell lysis against S. aureus (ATCC 11632) upon treatment with the ellagitannin fraction. The ellagitannin fraction from A. wilkesiana var. macafeana hort. is bactericidal against gram-positive bacteria tested and works synergistically with ampicillin against S. aureus. Morphology analysis of the cell suggests that the bactericidal property of the ellagitannin fraction mechanism involves lysis of the cell wall. In summary, our studies demonstrate that A. wilkesiana var. macafeana hort. produces bactericidal ellagitannins of clinical and/or cosmetological value.
    Matched MeSH terms: Streptomycin/pharmacology
  6. Fulltext Detection of antibiotic resistance in probiotics of dietary supplements
    Wong A, Ngu DY, Dan LA, Ooi A, Lim RL
    Nutr J, 2015;14:95.
    PMID: 26370532 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-015-0084-2
    Probiotics are live microorganisms that confer nutrition- and health-promoting benefits if consumed in adequate amounts. Concomitant with the demand for natural approaches to maintaining health is an increase in inclusion of probiotics in food and health products. Since probiotic bacteria act as reservoir for antibiotic resistant determinants, the transfer of these genes to pathogens sharing the same intestinal habitat is thus conceivable considering the fact that dietary supplements contain high amounts of often heterogeneous populations of probiotics. Such events can confer pathogens protection against commonly-used drugs. Despite numerous reports of antibiotic resistant probiotics in food and biological sources, the antibiogram of probiotics from dietary supplements remained elusive.
    Matched MeSH terms: Streptomycin/pharmacology
  7. Fulltext A study of primary drug resistance in pulmonary tuberculosis in west Malaysia 1984-1987
    Jalleh RD, Kuppusamy I, Soshila R, Aziah AM, Faridza MY
    Med J Malaysia, 1993 Jun;48(2):113-6.
    PMID: 8350784
    Eight hundred and fifty-six strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from previously untreated patients with pulmonary tuberculosis from various states in West Malaysia were studied during the period 1984 to 1987. All the strains were tested for in vitro susceptibility to the anti-tuberculosis drugs isoniazid (INH), streptomycin (SM), rifampicin (RMP) and ethambutol (ETB). One hundred and twenty-one of the isolates (14.18%) were resistant to 1 drug while 17 (1.97%) were resistant to 2 drugs. No strain was found to be resistant to more than 2 drugs. The prevalence of primary resistance to INH was 4.20%, SM was 7.59%, RMP was 0.95% and ETB was 1.44%. In 1.86% of isolates, resistance was noted to both INH and SM, while 0.11% were resistant to both RMP and ETB. There was no significant difference in distribution of resistant bacilli between the sexes (p > 0.01).
    Matched MeSH terms: Streptomycin/pharmacology*
  8. Conjugal transfer of antibiotic resistances and plasmids from Campylobacter jejuni clinical isolates
    Ansary A, Radu S
    FEMS Microbiol Lett, 1992 Mar 01;70(2):125-8.
    PMID: 1587459
    Six Campylobacter jejuni clinical isolates were examined for the occurrence of plasmids in association with antibiotic resistances as well as conjugal transfer. All the isolates were found to carry three similar plasmids of 78 kb, 12.6 kb and 3.3 kb in size. Multiple resistance to at least three of the antibiotics tested was observed with resistance to tetracycline most common. En bloc transfer of donor resistances at frequencies ranging from 10(-8) to 10(-4) were seen in all but one of the isolates during conjugation. The conjugal transfer of erythromycin, neomycin and streptomycin were observed to occur at frequencies similar to that of chloramphenicol, kanamycin and tetracycline. In isolate ABA94, three different antibiotic resistance phenotypes of the transconjugants were seen. In addition to en bloc transfer of the donor resistances, in approximately 10% of the transconjugants the streptomycin resistance was lost although these transconjugants carried the donor complement of three plasmids. In a further 1% of the transconjugants, resistance to kanamycin only was detected and these transconjugants did not carry any plasmids.
    Matched MeSH terms: Streptomycin/pharmacology
  9. Conjugal transfer of plasmids and antibiotic resistance among Escherichia coli isolated from animals in a rural area in Sarawak (Malaysia)
    Son R, Rusu G, Karim MI
    J Appl Microbiol, 1997 Feb;82(2):240-4.
    PMID: 12452600
    Thirty-six strains of Escherichia coli isolated from animals in Bario, a remote area in Sarawak, Malaysia, were examined for presence of plasmid DNA and their susceptibility to nine antimicrobial agents. Of the total 36 isolates, five bovine and six canine isolates were found to contain plasmid DNA ranging in sizes from 2.6 to 70 kilobases. All were susceptible to chloramphenicol, erythromycin, gentamicin, nalidixic acid and neomycin but resistance to ampicillin (47%), erythromycin (19%), streptomycin (25%) and tetracycline (11%) was observed. Resistance was associated with carriage of a 47 kb (SC98), 70 kb, (SC133) and 56 and 4.6 kb (SC119) plasmids which were transmissible to the Escherichia coli K12 recipient. It is concluded that animals form a potential reservoir of R plasmids carrying E. coli in the study area.
    Matched MeSH terms: Streptomycin/pharmacology
  10. A second international co-operative investigation into thiacetazone side-effects. Rashes on two thiacetazone containing regimens
    Ferguson GC, Nunn AJ, Fox W, Miller AB, Robinson DK, Tall R
    Tubercle, 1971 Sep;52(3):166-81.
    PMID: 4106401
    Matched MeSH terms: Streptomycin/administration & dosage; Streptomycin/adverse effects
  11. Antibacterial evaluation of silver nanoparticles synthesized from lychee peel: individual versus antibiotic conjugated effects
    Perveen S, Safdar N, Chaudhry GE, Yasmin A
    World J Microbiol Biotechnol, 2018 Jul 14;34(8):118.
    PMID: 30008019 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-018-2500-1
    This paper describes the extracellular synthesis of silver nanoparticles from waste part of lychee fruit (peel) and their conjugation with selected antibiotics (amoxicillin, cefixim, and streptomycin). FTIR studies revealed the reduction of metallic silver and stabilization of silver nanoparticles and their conjugates due to the presence of CO (carboxyl), OH (hydroxyl) and CH (alkanes) groups. The size of conjugated nanoparticles varied ranging from 3 to 10 nm as shown by XRD. TEM image revealed the spherical shape of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles. Conjugates of amoxicillin and cefixim showed highest antibacterial activity (147.43 and 107.95%, respectively) against Gram-negative bacteria i.e. Alcaligenes faecalis in comparison with their control counterparts. The highest reduction in MIC was noted against Gram-positive strains i.e. Enterococcus faecium (75%) and Microbacterium oxydans (75%) for amoxicillin conjugates. Anova two factor followed by two-tailed t test showed non-significant results both in case of cell leakage and protein estimation between nanoparticles and conjugates of amoxicillin, cefixime and streptomycin. In case of MDA release, non-significant difference among the test samples against the selected strains. Our study found green-synthesized silver nanoparticles as effective antibacterial bullet against both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria, but they showed a more promising effect on conjugation with selected antibiotics against Gram negative type.
    Matched MeSH terms: Streptomycin/metabolism; Streptomycin/pharmacology
  12. Fulltext Synthesis, characterization, controlled release, and antibacterial studies of a novel streptomycin chitosan magnetic nanoantibiotic
    Hussein-Al-Ali SH, El Zowalaty ME, Hussein MZ, Ismail M, Webster TJ
    Int J Nanomedicine, 2014;9:549-57.
    PMID: 24549109 DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S53079
    This study describes the preparation, characterization, and controlled release of a streptomycin-chitosan-magnetic nanoparticle-based antibiotic in an effort to improve the treatment of bacterial infections. Specifically, chitosan-magnetic nanoparticles were synthesized by an incorporation method and were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and vibrating sample magnetometry. Streptomycin was incorporated into the nanoparticles to form a streptomycin-coated chitosan-magnetic nanoparticle (Strep-CS-MNP) nanocomposite. The release profiles showed an initially fast release, which became slower as time progressed. The percentage of drug released after 350 minutes was around 100%, and the best fit mathematical model for drug release was the pseudo-second order model. The Strep-CS-MNP nanocomposite showed enhanced antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. This study forms a significant basis for further investigation of the Strep-CS-MNP nanocomposite in the treatment of various bacterial infections.
    Matched MeSH terms: Streptomycin/administration & dosage*; Streptomycin/pharmacokinetics
  13. Fulltext Comparative Genomics of Two ST 195 Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii with Different Susceptibility to Polymyxin Revealed Underlying Resistance Mechanism
    Lean SS, Yeo CC, Suhaili Z, Thong KL
    Front Microbiol, 2015;6:1445.
    PMID: 26779129 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01445
    Acinetobacter baumannii is a Gram-negative nosocomial pathogen of importance due to its uncanny ability to acquire resistance to most antimicrobials. These include carbapenems, which are the drugs of choice for treating A. baumannii infections, and polymyxins, the drugs of last resort. Whole genome sequencing was performed on two clinical carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii AC29 and AC30 strains which had an indistinguishable ApaI pulsotype but different susceptibilities to polymyxin. Both genomes consisted of an approximately 3.8 Mbp circular chromosome each and several plasmids. AC29 (susceptible to polymyxin) and AC30 (resistant to polymyxin) belonged to the ST195 lineage and are phylogenetically clustered under the International Clone II (IC-II) group. An AbaR4-type resistance island (RI) interrupted the comM gene in the chromosomes of both strains and contained the bla OXA-23 carbapenemase gene and determinants for tetracycline and streptomycin resistance. AC29 harbored another copy of bla OXA-23 in a large (~74 kb) conjugative plasmid, pAC29b, but this gene was absent in a similar plasmid (pAC30c) found in AC30. A 7 kb Tn1548::armA RI which encodes determinants for aminoglycoside and macrolide resistance, is chromosomally-located in AC29 but found in a 16 kb plasmid in AC30, pAC30b. Analysis of known determinants for polymyxin resistance in AC30 showed mutations in the pmrA gene encoding the response regulator of the two-component pmrAB signal transduction system as well as in the lpxD, lpxC, and lpsB genes that encode enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Experimental evidence indicated that impairment of LPS along with overexpression of pmrAB may have contributed to the development of polymyxin resistance in AC30. Cloning of a novel variant of the bla AmpC gene from AC29 and AC30, and its subsequent expression in E. coli also indicated its likely function as an extended-spectrum cephalosporinase.
    Matched MeSH terms: Streptomycin
  14. Fulltext Antibiotic susceptibility and pathogenicity of Aeromonas hydrophila isolated from red hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus×Oreochromis mossambicus) in Malaysia
    Pauzi NA, Mohamad N, Azzam-Sayuti M, Yasin ISM, Saad MZ, Nasruddin NS, et al.
    Vet World, 2020 Oct;13(10):2166-2171.
    PMID: 33281351 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2020.2166-2171
    Background and Aim: Aeromonas hydrophila is a major cause of bacterial infections affecting a wide range of warm water fishes worldwide. In Malaysia, A. hydrophila isolations from diseased fishes were previously reported; however, with limited information. The present study investigates the antibiotic susceptibility and pathogenicity of A. hydrophila isolated from farmed red hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) in Malaysia.

    Materials and Methods: A. hydrophila was biochemically identified and subjected to antibiotic susceptibility tests. The isolate was then intraperitoneally injected into red hybrid tilapia, and the mortality, clinicopathological changes, and LD50 were determined up to 240 h post-infection (hpi).

    Results: The isolate demonstrated multiple antibiotic resistances (MAR) toward amikacin, ampicillin, cefotaxime, amoxicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, erythromycin, and streptomycin, with a MAR index of 0.5. The experimental infection of A. hydrophila at 105 CFU/mL in the red hybrid tilapia resulted in 100% mortality at 240 hpi. The LD50 was determined at 1.1×104 CFU/mL. Infected fish demonstrated occasional erratic swimming patterns, localized hemorrhages and depigmentation on the body and operculum areas, fin erosion, enlargement of the gall bladder, and hemorrhage in internal organs. Microscopic observation of infected fish revealed brain congestion, tubular necrosis, and glomerular shrinkage in the kidneys, necrosis of hepatocytes, and congestion of blood vessels in the liver.

    Conclusion: The high virulence of A. hydrophila to the red hybrid tilapia emphasizes the importance of active, on-going monitoring of its prevalence in Malaysian tilapia farming.

    Matched MeSH terms: Streptomycin
  15. Fulltext Mutations causing streptomycin resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates of Sabah
    Cheronie Shely Stanis, Myo Thura Zaw, Zainal Arifin Mustapha, Nor Amalina Emran, Richard Avoi, Jiloris Frederick Dony, et al.
    Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2019;15(106):22-22.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) still remains a public health problem worldwide and the emergence of drug resistant TB (DR-TB) has worsened the situation as it is difficult and expensive to treat. The characterization of the genetic mutations underlying streptomycin resistance may be helpful in developing rapid detection methods which may guide clinicians in making therapeutic decisions. The aim of this study is to detect mutations causing streptomycin (STR) resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from Sabah. Methods: Susceptibility testing was carried out in MGIT system for 42 Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates. The drug resistant isolates were subject to whole genome sequencing and in-silico analysis was performed to detect the mutations in the sequence of the rpsL gene known to confer resistance to anti-tuberculous drugs. Results: Of the 42 positive isolates, 27 (64.3%) are shown to be susceptible towards first line drugs (FLDs) while 15 (35.7%) isolates were mono- and multiple resistant to the FLDs. Our findings reveal that the isolate 145 possess mutations at codon 43 within rpsL gene with amino acid change A to G (K43R). Conclusion: Findings from this study enable us to expand our knowledge of mutations causing drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the point mutations, which can be used as the potential marker for detection of drug resistant isolates.
    Matched MeSH terms: Streptomycin
  16. Fulltext Quantification and antibiotic susceptibility of Salmonella spp., Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhimurium in raw vegetables (ulam)
    Najwa, M.S., Rukayadi, Y., Ubong, A., Loo, Y.Y., Chang, W.S., Lye, Y.L., et al.
    International Food Research Journal, 2015;22(5):1761-1769.
    MyJurnal
    Salmonella has been reported to be presence both in raw and processed foods worldwide. In this study, the prevalence, quantification and antibiotic susceptibility of Salmonella isolated from raw vegetables or locally known as ulam such as asiatic pennywort (Centella asiatica (L) Urb), water dropwort (Oenanthe javanica (Blume) DC), long bean (Vigna sinensis EndL), and winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L) DC) obtained from retail markets in Selangor, Malaysia were carried out. From 96 samples tested, the overall prevalence of Salmonella spp. was 97.9%, Salmonella Enteritidis was 54.2% and Salmonella Typhimurium was 82.3% respectively. Samples were contaminated with Salmonella ranging from < 3 to 2400 MPN/g. Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhimurium isolates obtained from the raw vegetables (ulam) were found to exhibit high resistance against ampicillin (100%), erythromycin (100%), amoxicillin/clavunic acid (81.3%), cephalothin (75%), streptomycin (50%) and ciprofloxacin (50%). All Salmonella isolates showed multi drug resistant (MDR) profile with each isolate being resistant to 3 or more antibiotics. The multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index of Salmonella isolates ranged from 0.27 to 0.55 for Salmonella Enteritidis and 0.27 to 0.82 for Salmonella Typhimurium. The presence of Salmonella on raw vegetables (ulam) and high antibiotic resistance isolates indicated that raw vegetables could be contaminated and thus imposes possible health risk to local consumers.
    Matched MeSH terms: Streptomycin
  17. Fulltext Antibiotic resistance profiling and phenotyping of Aeromonas species isolated from aquatic sources
    Odeyemi OA, Ahmad A
    Saudi J Biol Sci, 2017 Jan;24(1):65-70.
    PMID: 28053573 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2015.09.016
    This study aimed to investigate antibiotics resistance pattern and phenotyping of Aeromonas species isolated from different aquatic sources in Melaka, Malaysia. A total of 53 Aeromonas species were isolated from the following sources: sediment (n = 13), bivalve (n = 10), sea cucumber (n = 16) and sea water (n = 14) and resistance to 12 antibiotics - Tetracycline (30 μg), Kanamycin (30 μg), Oxytetracycline (30 μg), Ampicillin (10 μg), Streptomycin (10 μg), Gentamicin (10 μg), Sulphamethoxazole (25 μg), Nalixidic acid (30 μg), Trimethoprim (1.25 μg), Novobiocin (5 μg), Penicilin (10 μg) and Chloramphenicol (10 μg) was tested. The results obtained from this study reveal multi drug resistance pattern among the isolates. All the isolates were completely resistant to Ampicillin, Novobiocin, Sulphamethoxazole and Trimethoprim, respectively but susceptible to Tetracycline (100%), Kanamycin (5.7%), Gentamicin (5.7%) and Oxytetracycline (24.5%). Antibiotics phenotyping of the bacteria revealed 21 different phenotypes among the isolates.
    Matched MeSH terms: Streptomycin
  18. Antibiotic Resistance of Diverse Bacteria from Aquaculture in Borneo
    Kathleen MM, Samuel L, Felecia C, Reagan EL, Kasing A, Lesley M, et al.
    Int J Microbiol, 2016;2016:2164761.
    PMID: 27746817
    The administration of antimicrobials in aquaculture provides a selective pressure creating a reservoir of multiple resistant bacteria in the cultured fish and shrimps as well as the aquaculture environment. The objective of this study was to determine the extent of antibiotic resistance in aquaculture products and aquaculture's surrounding environment in Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo. Ninety-four identified bacterial isolates constituted of 17 genera were isolated from sediment, water, and cultured organisms (fish and shrimp) in selected aquaculture farms. These isolates were tested for their antibiotic resistance against 22 antibiotics from several groups using the disk diffusion method. The results show that the highest resistance was observed towards streptomycin (85%, n = 20), while the lowest resistance was towards gentamicin (1.1%, n = 90). The multiple antibiotic resistant (MAR) index of the isolates tested ranged between 0 and 0.63. It was suggested that isolates with MAR index > 0.2 were recovered from sources with high risk of antibiotic resistant contamination. This study revealed low level of antibiotic resistance in the aquaculture bacterial isolates except for streptomycin and ampicillin (>50% resistance, n = 94) which have been used in the aquaculture industry for several decades. Antibiotic resistant patterns should be continuously monitored to predict the emergence and widespread of MAR. Effective action is needed to keep the new resistance from further developing and spreading.
    Matched MeSH terms: Streptomycin
  19. Fulltext Ultrastructural Study on the Antibacterial Activity of Artonin E versus Streptomycin against Staphylococcus aureus Strains
    Zajmi A, Mohd Hashim N, Noordin MI, Khalifa SA, Ramli F, Mohd Ali H, et al.
    PLoS One, 2015;10(6):e0128157.
    PMID: 26030925 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128157
    Staphylococci are facultative anaerobes, perfectly spherical un-encapsulated cocci, with a diameter not exceeding 1 micrometer in diameter. Staphylococcus aureus are generally harmless and remain confined to the skin unless they burrow deep into the body, causing life-threatening infections in bones, joints, bloodstream, heart valves and lungs. Among the 20 medically important staphylococci species, Staphylococcus aureus is one of the emerging human pathogens. Streptomycin had its highest potency against Staphylococcus infections despite the likelihood of getting a resistant type of staphylococcus strains. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) is the persister type of Staphylococcus aureus and was evolved after decades of antibiotic misuse. Inadequate penetration of the antibiotic is one of the principal factors related to success/failure of the therapy. The active drug needs to reach the bacteria at concentrations necessary to kill or suppress the pathogen's growth. In turn the effectiveness of the treatment relied on the physical properties of Staphylococcus aureus. Thus understanding the cell integrity, shape and roughness is crucial to the overall influence of the therapeutic agent on S. aureus of different origins. Hence our experiments were designed to clarify ultrastructural changes of S. aureus treated with streptomycin (synthetic compound) in comparison to artonin E (natural compound). In addition to the standard in vitro microbial techniques, we used transmission electron microscopy to study the disrupted cell architecture under antibacterial regimen and we correlate this with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to compare results of both techniques.
    Matched MeSH terms: Streptomycin/pharmacology*
  20. A comparison of trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole and penicillin-streptomycin in the treatment of gynaecological infections
    Wong WP, Ng KH, Chai KH
    Med J Malaysia, 1973 Dec;28(2):125-7.
    PMID: 4276230
    Matched MeSH terms: Streptomycin/administration & dosage*
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