Browse publications by year: 2016

  1. Soni N, Soni N, Pandey H, Maheshwari R, Kesharwani P, Tekade RK
    J Colloid Interface Sci, 2016 Nov 01;481:107-16.
    PMID: 27459173 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2016.07.020
    Gemcitabine (GmcH) is an effective anti-cancer agent used in the chemotherapy of lung cancer. However, the clinical applications of GmcH has been impeded primarily due to its low blood residence time, unfavorable pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) profile, and poor penetration in the complex environment of lung cancer cells. Thus, the present study aims to formulate GmcH loaded mannosylated solid lipid nanoparticles (GmcH-SLNs) for improving its drug uptake into the lung cancer cells. GmcH-SLNs were prepared by emulsification and solvent evaporation process, and surface modification was done with mannose using ring opening technique. The cellular toxicity and cell uptake studies were performed in A549 lung adenocarcinoma cell line. The developed nanoformulation appears to be proficient in targeted delivery of GmcH with improved therapeutic effectiveness and enhanced safety.
    MeSH terms: Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/pharmacokinetics*; Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/pharmacology; Cell Survival/drug effects; Deoxycytidine/analogs & derivatives*; Deoxycytidine/pharmacokinetics; Deoxycytidine/pharmacology; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; Lipids/chemistry*; Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy; Lung Neoplasms/metabolism*; Lung Neoplasms/pathology; Mannose/chemistry*; Structure-Activity Relationship; Drug Delivery Systems*; Cell Line, Tumor; Nanoparticles/chemistry*
  2. Varghese L, Mungall B, Zhang XH, Hoet B
    Hum Vaccin Immunother, 2016 10 02;12(10):2675-2680.
    PMID: 27459265 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2016.1192738
    A recently published paper that assessed the comparative cost-effectiveness of the 2 pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) in Malaysia and Hong Kong reported that the 13-valent PCV vaccine (PCV13) is a better choice compared to the 10-valent pneumococcal non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae protein D conjugate vaccine (PHiD-CV or PCV10) from both a payer and societal perspective as well as under various scenarios. However, the analysis relied on a large number of assumptions that were either erroneous or did not take into account the most recent body of evidence available. A rigorous evaluation of the underlying assumptions is necessary to present a fair and balanced analysis for decision-making.
    MeSH terms: Cost-Benefit Analysis*; Hong Kong; Humans; Infant; Malaysia; Pneumococcal Infections/economics; Pneumococcal Infections/prevention & control*; Pneumococcal Vaccines/administration & dosage*; Pneumococcal Vaccines/economics; Pneumococcal Vaccines/immunology*
  3. Zeng C, Guo X, Long J, Kuchenbaecker KB, Droit A, Michailidou K, et al.
    Breast Cancer Res, 2016 06 21;18(1):64.
    PMID: 27459855 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-016-0718-0
    BACKGROUND: Multiple recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), rs10771399, at 12p11 that is associated with breast cancer risk.

    METHOD: We performed a fine-scale mapping study of a 700 kb region including 441 genotyped and more than 1300 imputed genetic variants in 48,155 cases and 43,612 controls of European descent, 6269 cases and 6624 controls of East Asian descent and 1116 cases and 932 controls of African descent in the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC; http://bcac.ccge.medschl.cam.ac.uk/ ), and in 15,252 BRCA1 mutation carriers in the Consortium of Investigators of Modifiers of BRCA1/2 (CIMBA). Stepwise regression analyses were performed to identify independent association signals. Data from the Encyclopedia of DNA Elements project (ENCODE) and the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were used for functional annotation.

    RESULTS: Analysis of data from European descendants found evidence for four independent association signals at 12p11, represented by rs7297051 (odds ratio (OR) = 1.09, 95 % confidence interval (CI) = 1.06-1.12; P = 3 × 10(-9)), rs805510 (OR = 1.08, 95 % CI = 1.04-1.12, P = 2 × 10(-5)), and rs1871152 (OR = 1.04, 95 % CI = 1.02-1.06; P = 2 × 10(-4)) identified in the general populations, and rs113824616 (P = 7 × 10(-5)) identified in the meta-analysis of BCAC ER-negative cases and BRCA1 mutation carriers. SNPs rs7297051, rs805510 and rs113824616 were also associated with breast cancer risk at P 

    MeSH terms: Alleles; Breast Neoplasms/genetics*; Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology*; Chromosome Mapping*; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 12*; Enhancer Elements, Genetic; Female; Genotype; Haplotypes; Heterozygote; Humans; Mutation; Population Surveillance; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Risk; Odds Ratio; Case-Control Studies; Computational Biology/methods; BRCA1 Protein/genetics; Genetic Predisposition to Disease*; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Databases, Genetic; Quantitative Trait Loci; Epigenesis, Genetic; European Continental Ancestry Group/genetics; Genome-Wide Association Study*
  4. Chew BH, Lee PY, Cheong AT, Ismail M, Shariff-Ghazali S, Goh PP
    Prim Care Diabetes, 2016 10;10(5):383-6.
    PMID: 27459893 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcd.2016.07.003
    A persistent and increasing prevalence of diagnosed and undiagnosed diabetes mellitus has recently been reported in the National Health and Morbidity Survey 2015. This commentary recapitulates the relevant and valuable lessons in the Malaysian national diabetes registries to inform the healthcare stakeholders and policy makers on potential areas of clinical practice improvement and future researches. Under performance of the process measures and sub-optimal control of HbA1c, blood pressure and lipids profile were prevalent (<40% achieved treatment targets). Although these had improved slightly from 2009 to 2012, diabetes co-morbidities (hypertension and dyslipidaemia) and complications had also increased. Prevalence of insulin use had doubled, and lipid lowering agent use had increased about 50% in 2012 compared to 2009. We identified six clinical areas for urgent attention and improvement, and three potential areas for future research.
    MeSH terms: Aged; Ambulatory Care Facilities; Antihypertensive Agents/therapeutic use; Hypolipidemic Agents/therapeutic use; Blood Pressure; Diabetes Mellitus/blood; Diabetes Mellitus/diagnosis; Diabetes Mellitus/drug therapy*; Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology; Female; Health Facilities*; Health Priorities; Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated/metabolism; Humans; Hypertension/drug therapy; Hypertension/epidemiology; Hypertension/physiopathology; Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use*; Lipids/blood; Malaysia/epidemiology; Male; Middle Aged; Practice Patterns, Physicians'; Public Health*; Registries; Risk Factors; Biomarkers/blood; Comorbidity; Treatment Outcome; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Guideline Adherence; Dyslipidemias/blood; Dyslipidemias/drug therapy; Dyslipidemias/epidemiology
  5. Ng DL, Leong YC, Gan GG
    Support Care Cancer, 2016 12;24(12):5015-5023.
    PMID: 27460016
    PURPOSE: The survival for patients with lymphoma has improved over the past decades with the introduction of novel agents. Quality of life of these survivors is now being studied with focus on minimising the late effects of chemotherapy and improving psychosocial support. This study aims to determine the prevalence of anxiety and depression of lymphoma survivors and to investigate the possible association between these disorders and quality of life.

    METHODS: Patients with previous diagnosis of lymphoma who remained in remission were recruited from a major hospital in Malaysia. Quality of life of these patients was measured using European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ C30). Anxiety and depression symptoms were assessed using Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale (HADS).

    RESULTS: A total of 156 patients participated in this study. Eighteen percent (18 %) of patients had symptoms of anxiety, and 10 % had symptoms of depression. Patients who had higher depression scores were older, of lower education level and had more than one comorbidity illness. Patients with anxiety were associated with lower overall quality of life (QOL) score, lower emotional and cognitive functioning and complained more of fatigue and insomnia (p 

    MeSH terms: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cross-Sectional Studies; Developing Countries*; Female; Humans; Lymphoma/mortality; Lymphoma/epidemiology; Lymphoma/psychology*; Male; Middle Aged; Quality of Life/psychology*; Surveys and Questionnaires; Survivors/psychology; Young Adult
  6. Norhayati MN, Nik Hazlina NH, Aniza AA, Sulaiman Z
    BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, 2016 Jul 26;16(1):185.
    PMID: 27460106 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-016-0980-2
    BACKGROUND: Knowledge on the factors associated with severe maternal morbidity enables a better understanding of the problem and serves as a foundation for the development of an effective preventive strategy. However, various definitions of severe maternal morbidity have been applied, leading to inconsistencies between studies. The objective of this study was to identify the sociodemographic characteristics, medical and gynaecological history, past and present obstetric performance and the provision of health care services as associated factors for severe maternal morbidity in Kelantan, Malaysia.

    METHODS: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted in two tertiary referral hospitals in 2014. Postpartum women with severe morbidity and without severe morbidity who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria were eligible as cases and controls, respectively. The study population included all postpartum women regardless of their age. Pregnancy at less than 22 weeks of gestation, more than 42 days after the termination of pregnancy and non-Malaysian citizens were excluded. Consecutive sampling was applied for the selection of cases and for each case identified, one unmatched control from the same hospital was selected using computer-based simple random sampling. Simple and multiple logistic regressions were performed using Stata Intercooled version 11.0.

    RESULTS: A total of 23,422 pregnant women were admitted to these hospitals in 2014 and 395 women with severe maternal morbidity were identified, of which 353 were eligible as cases. An age of 35 or more years old [Adj. OR (95 % CI): 2.6 (1.67, 4.07)], women with past pregnancy complications [Adj. OR (95 % CI): 1.7 (1.00, 2.79)], underwent caesarean section deliveries [Adj. OR (95 % CI): 6.8 (4.68, 10.01)], preterm delivery [Adj. OR (95 % CI): 3.4 (1.87, 6.32)] and referral to tertiary centres [Adj. OR (95 % CI): 2.7 (1.87, 3.97)] were significant associated factors for severe maternal morbidity.

    CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests the enhanced screening and monitoring of women of advanced maternal age, women with past pregnancy complications, those who underwent caesarean section deliveries, those who delivered preterm and the mothers referred to tertiary centres as they are at increased risk of severe maternal morbidity. Identifying these factors may contribute to specific and targeted strategies aimed at tackling the issues related to maternal morbidity.

    MeSH terms: Adult; Cesarean Section*; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Malaysia/epidemiology; Male; Maternal Age; Morbidity; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications/epidemiology*; Referral and Consultation*; Regression Analysis; Risk Factors; Severity of Illness Index; Logistic Models; Case-Control Studies; Premature Birth/epidemiology; Postpartum Period; Tertiary Care Centers
  7. Salama SM, Gwaram NS, AlRashdi AS, Khalifa SA, Abdulla MA, Ali HM, et al.
    Sci Rep, 2016 07 27;6:29646.
    PMID: 27460157 DOI: 10.1038/srep29646
    Zinc is a naturally occurring element with roles in wound healing and rescuing tissue integrity, particularly in the gastrointestinal system, where it can be detected in the mucosal and submucosal layers. Zinc chelates are known to have beneficial effects on the gastrointestinal mucosa and in cases of gastric ulcer. We synthesized complexes of zinc featuring a heterocyclic amine binding amino acids then investigated their ability to enhance the gastric self-repair. Zinc-morpholine complex, Zn(L)SCN, namely showed strong free-radical scavenging, promotion of the DNA and RNA polymerases reconstruction and suppression of cell damage. The complex's mode of action is proposed to involve hydrogen bond formation via its bis(thiocyanato-k)zinc moiety. Zn(L)SCN complex had potent effects on gastric enzymatic activity both in vitro and in vivo. The complex disrupted the ulcerative process as demonstrated by changes in the intermediate metabolites of the oxidative pathway - specifically, reduction in the MDA levels and elevation of reduced glutathione together with an attenuation of oxidative DNA damage. Additionally, Zn(L)SCN restored the gastric mucosa, inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF and the caspases), and preserved the gastric mucous balance. Zn(L)SCN thus exhibited anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic activities, all of which have cytoprotective effects on the gastric lining.
    MeSH terms: Ethanol/adverse effects*; Animals; Cell Line; Disease Models, Animal; DNA Damage/drug effects; Humans; Hydrochloric Acid/adverse effects*; Hydrogen Bonding; Male; Morpholines/administration & dosage*; Morpholines/chemical synthesis*; Morpholines/pharmacology; Morpholines/chemistry; Stomach Ulcer/chemically induced; Stomach Ulcer/genetics; Stomach Ulcer/metabolism; Stomach Ulcer/prevention & control*; Zinc/chemistry*; Rats, Wistar; Oxidative Stress/drug effects; Rats
  8. Lani R, Hassandarvish P, Shu MH, Phoon WH, Chu JJ, Higgs S, et al.
    Antiviral Res, 2016 Sep;133:50-61.
    PMID: 27460167 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2016.07.009
    This study focuses on the antiviral activity of selected flavonoids against the Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), a mosquito-transmitted virus that can cause incapacitating arthritis in infected individuals. Based on the results of screening on Vero cells, the tested compounds were evaluated further with various assays, including cytotoxicity assay, virus yield assay by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), virus RNA replication assay with a CHIKV replicon cell line, Western blotting, and quantitative immunofluorescence assay. Baicalein, fisetin, and quercetagetin displayed potent inhibition of CHIKV infection, with 50% inhibitory concentrations [IC50] of 1.891 μg/ml (6.997 μM), 8.444 μg/ml (29.5 μM), and 13.85 μg/ml (43.52 μM), respectively, and with minimal cytotoxicity. The time-of-addition studies and various antiviral assays demonstrated that baicalein and quercetagetin mainly inhibited CHIKV binding to the Vero cells and displayed potent activity against extracellular CHIKV particles. The qRT-PCR, immunofluorescence assay, and Western blot analyses indicated that each of these flavonoids affects CHIKV RNA production and viral protein expression. These data provide the first evidence of the intracellular anti-CHIKV activity of baicalein, fisetin, and quercetagetin.
    MeSH terms: Animals; Antiviral Agents/pharmacology*; Antiviral Agents/chemistry; Biological Products/pharmacology; Cell Line; Chikungunya virus/drug effects*; Chikungunya virus/genetics; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Flavonoids/pharmacology*; Flavonoids/chemistry; Genotype; Cricetinae; Vero Cells; Virus Replication/drug effects; Inhibitory Concentration 50
  9. Pushparajah V, Fatima A, Chong CH, Gambule TZ, Chan CJ, Ng ST, et al.
    Sci Rep, 2016 07 27;6:30010.
    PMID: 27460640 DOI: 10.1038/srep30010
    Lignosus rhinocerotis (Tiger milk mushroom) is an important folk medicine for indigenous peoples in Southeast Asia. We previously reported its de novo assembled 34.3 Mb genome encoding a repertoire of proteins including a putative bioactive fungal immunomodulatory protein. Here we report the cDNA of this new member (FIP-Lrh) with a homology range of 54-64% to FIPs from other mushroom species, the closest is with FIP-glu (LZ-8) (64%) from Ganoderma lucidum. The FIP-Lrh of 112 amino acids (12.59 kDa) has a relatively hydrophobic N-terminal. Its predicted 3-dimensional model has identical folding patterns to FIP-fve and contains a partially conserved and more positively charged carbohydrates binding pocket. Docking predictions of FIP-Lrh on 14 glycans commonly found on cellular surfaces showed the best binding energy of -3.98 kcal/mol to N-acetylgalactosamine and N-acetylglucosamine. Overexpression of a 14.9 kDa soluble 6xHisFIP-Lrh was achieved in pET-28a(+)/BL21 and the purified recombinant protein was sequence verified by LC-MS/MS (QTOF) analysis. The ability to haemagglutinate both mouse and human blood at concentration ≥0.34 μM, further demonstrated its lectin nature. In addition, the cytotoxic effect of 6xHisFIP-Lrh on MCF-7, HeLa and A549 cancer cell lines was detected at IC50 of 0.34 μM, 0.58 μM and 0.60 μM, respectively.
    MeSH terms: Agaricales/genetics; Agaricales/immunology*; Amino Acid Sequence/genetics; Animals; Cell Aggregation/physiology; Erythrocytes/drug effects*; Fungal Proteins/genetics; Fungal Proteins/immunology*; HeLa Cells; Hemagglutination/drug effects*; Humans; Immunologic Factors/genetics; Immunologic Factors/metabolism*; Protein Folding; Cell Line, Tumor; Mice; MCF-7 Cells; Molecular Docking Simulation; A549 Cells
  10. Opstelten JL, Beelen RMJ, Leenders M, Hoek G, Brunekreef B, van Schaik FDM, et al.
    Dig Dis Sci, 2016 Oct;61(10):2963-2971.
    PMID: 27461060 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-016-4249-4
    BACKGROUND: Industrialization has been linked to the etiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

    AIM: We investigated the association between air pollution exposure and IBD.

    METHODS: The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort was used to identify cases with Crohn's disease (CD) (n = 38) and ulcerative colitis (UC) (n = 104) and controls (n = 568) from Denmark, France, the Netherlands, and the UK, matched for center, gender, age, and date of recruitment. Air pollution data were obtained from the European Study of Cohorts for Air Pollution Effects. Residential exposure was assessed with land-use regression models for particulate matter with diameters of <10 μm (PM10), <2.5 μm (PM2.5), and between 2.5 and 10 μm (PMcoarse), soot (PM2.5 absorbance), nitrogen oxides, and two traffic indicators. Conditional logistic regression analyses were performed to calculate odds ratios (ORs) with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs).

    RESULTS: Although air pollution was not significantly associated with CD or UC separately, the associations were mostly similar. Individuals with IBD were less likely to have higher exposure levels of PM2.5 and PM10, with ORs of 0.24 (95 % CI 0.07-0.81) per 5 μg/m(3) and 0.25 (95 % CI 0.08-0.78) per 10 μg/m(3), respectively. There was an inverse but nonsignificant association for PMcoarse. A higher nearby traffic load was positively associated with IBD [OR 1.60 (95 % CI 1.04-2.46) per 4,000,000 motor vehicles × m per day]. Other air pollutants were positively but not significantly associated with IBD.

    CONCLUSION: Exposure to air pollution was not found to be consistently associated with IBD.

    MeSH terms: Adult; Air Pollution/statistics & numerical data*; Vehicle Emissions; Colitis, Ulcerative/epidemiology*; Crohn Disease/epidemiology*; Denmark/epidemiology; Environmental Exposure/statistics & numerical data*; Europe/epidemiology; Female; France/epidemiology; Great Britain/epidemiology; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Netherlands/epidemiology; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/epidemiology; Incidence; Logistic Models; Odds Ratio; Case-Control Studies; Particulate Matter*
  11. Kosni NN, Ganti N, Noor MH, Razak IS, Ajat MM, Omar AR
    J Cancer Res Ther, 2016 Apr-Jun;12(2):590-6.
    PMID: 27461615 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1482.146066
    BACKGROUND: Complement system is theoretically believed to halt the progression of tumor by the activity of C5a/CD88. Protein C5a is a potent pro.inflammatory mediator that activates the complement system by binding to its receptor.
    OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is to determine the expression of the anaphylatoxin C5a receptor on 4T1 cell line and to study the viability of the cells after being treated with the C5a peptides.
    MATERIALS AND METHODS: The cells 4T1 had undergone immunofluorescence staining, conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and real-time PCR for the expression of determination part. Whereas Alamar Blue and MTT assays were conducted for the viability study of the cells.
    RESULTS: The cells showed positive result in expressing the receptor of the C5a through immunostaining and PCR. The CT value recorded at initial dilution was 22.24. In cell viability assay, the cell was treated with C5a peptides, PMX205 and EP54. The purpose of this treatment was to see whether C5a had a direct effect on the cell itself using both assays. The result showed that PMX205, which is an antagonist, gave more effects towards the cell as compared with the treatment of EP54.
    CONCLUSION: This experiment shows the presence of C5a receptor on 4T1 cell line. We believe that the antagonist peptide is eligible to be used widely in cancer immunotherapy field; but in vivo studies need to be carried out first in the future, as it will determine how these drugs affect the tumor cell growth.
    MeSH terms: Animals; Cell Survival; Female; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy*; Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology; Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology; Peptide Fragments/therapeutic use*; Peptides, Cyclic/therapeutic use*; Complement C5a/therapeutic use*; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Receptor, Anaphylatoxin C5a/analysis*; Receptor, Anaphylatoxin C5a/antagonists & inhibitors; Receptor, Anaphylatoxin C5a/agonists; Cell Line, Tumor; Mice
  12. Shah S, Venkataraghavan K, Choudhary P, Mohammad S, Trivedi K, Shah SG
    J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent, 2016 Jul-Sep;34(3):210-6.
    PMID: 27461802 DOI: 10.4103/0970-4388.186741
    AIM: The aim of this study is to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of Soluneem ™ when used as an irrigating solution along with other commonly used irrigating solution sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) against Enterococcus faecalis.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: Microorganism used in this study was E. faecalis (Microbial Type Culture Collection 439). Test substance used was Soluneem ™, which was obtained from Vittal Mallya Scientific Research Foundation (VMSRF), Bengaluru. This study was conducted in a microbiology laboratory (Biocare Research India Pvt., Ltd. Laboratory, Ahmedabad, Gujarat) to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of Soluneem ™ (Azadirachtin) on E. faecalis. Antimicrobial activity testing was performed using the macrobroth dilution method according to the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. All determinations were performed thrice.

    RESULTS: Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was seen as 2.6% for Soluneem ™ while the same was seen at 0.1% for NaOCl. Independent sample t-test was carried out to compare the MBC of Soluneem ™ and NaOCl, which showed that there was no statistically significant difference between them, i.e., 2.6% Soluneem ™ was as effective as 0.1% NaOCl.

    CONCLUSION: Soluneem ™ showed antimicrobial activity against E. faecalis at various concentrations. It was also found that the efficacy of Soluneem ™ at 2.6% concentration and above was relatively similar to that of gold standard irrigating solution (NaOCl) on inhibition of E. faecalis.
    MeSH terms: Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology*; Dental Pulp Cavity/microbiology*; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; Indicator Dilution Techniques; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Plant Extracts/pharmacology*; Root Canal Irrigants/pharmacology*; Seeds; Enterococcus faecalis/drug effects*; Azadirachta; Limonins/pharmacology*
  13. Yob NJ, Jofrry SM, Affandi MM, Teh LK, Salleh MZ, Zakaria ZA
    PMID: 27462359 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8621824
    [This corrects the article DOI: 10.1155/2011/543216.].
    MeSH terms: Humans
  14. Iranagh JA, Rahman HA, Motalebi SA
    Nutr Res Pract, 2016 Aug;10(4):471.
    PMID: 27462397 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2016.10.4.471
    [This corrects the article on p. 352 in vol. 10, PMID: 27247733.].
    MeSH terms: Humans
  15. Loong SK, Mahfodz NH, Che Mat Seri NA, Mohamad Wali HA, Abd Gani SA, Wong PF, et al.
    Springerplus, 2016;5(1):1035.
    PMID: 27462483 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-2745-9
    Escherichia coli, a commensal in the intestines of vertebrates, is capable of colonizing many different hosts and the environment. Commensal E. coli strains are believed to be the precursor of pathogenic strains by means of acquisition of antimicrobial resistant and virulence genes. Laboratory rodents are inherently susceptible to numerous known infectious agents, which could transfer virulence determinants to commensal E. coli. Hence, in this study, the genetic structure of commensal E. coli found in laboratory rodents and their antimicrobial resistance profiles were investigated.
  16. Adam A, Ibrahim Z, Mokhtar N, Shapiai MI, Cumming P, Mubin M
    Springerplus, 2016;5(1):1036.
    PMID: 27462484 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-2697-0
    Various peak models have been introduced to detect and analyze peaks in the time domain analysis of electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. In general, peak model in the time domain analysis consists of a set of signal parameters, such as amplitude, width, and slope. Models including those proposed by Dumpala, Acir, Liu, and Dingle are routinely used to detect peaks in EEG signals acquired in clinical studies of epilepsy or eye blink. The optimal peak model is the most reliable peak detection performance in a particular application. A fair measure of performance of different models requires a common and unbiased platform. In this study, we evaluate the performance of the four different peak models using the extreme learning machine (ELM)-based peak detection algorithm. We found that the Dingle model gave the best performance, with 72 % accuracy in the analysis of real EEG data. Statistical analysis conferred that the Dingle model afforded significantly better mean testing accuracy than did the Acir and Liu models, which were in the range 37-52 %. Meanwhile, the Dingle model has no significant difference compared to Dumpala model.
  17. Vigorito E, Kuchenbaecker KB, Beesley J, Adlard J, Agnarsson BA, Andrulis IL, et al.
    PLoS One, 2016;11(7):e0158801.
    PMID: 27463617 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158801
    Population-based genome wide association studies have identified a locus at 9p22.2 associated with ovarian cancer risk, which also modifies ovarian cancer risk in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers. We conducted fine-scale mapping at 9p22.2 to identify potential causal variants in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers. Genotype data were available for 15,252 (2,462 ovarian cancer cases) BRCA1 and 8,211 (631 ovarian cancer cases) BRCA2 mutation carriers. Following genotype imputation, ovarian cancer associations were assessed for 4,873 and 5,020 SNPs in BRCA1 and BRCA 2 mutation carriers respectively, within a retrospective cohort analytical framework. In BRCA1 mutation carriers one set of eight correlated candidate causal variants for ovarian cancer risk modification was identified (top SNP rs10124837, HR: 0.73, 95%CI: 0.68 to 0.79, p-value 2× 10-16). These variants were located up to 20 kb upstream of BNC2. In BRCA2 mutation carriers one region, up to 45 kb upstream of BNC2, and containing 100 correlated SNPs was identified as candidate causal (top SNP rs62543585, HR: 0.69, 95%CI: 0.59 to 0.80, p-value 1.0 × 10-6). The candidate causal in BRCA1 mutation carriers did not include the strongest associated variant at this locus in the general population. In sum, we identified a set of candidate causal variants in a region that encompasses the BNC2 transcription start site. The ovarian cancer association at 9p22.2 may be mediated by different variants in BRCA1 mutation carriers and in the general population. Thus, potentially different mechanisms may underlie ovarian cancer risk for mutation carriers and the general population.
    MeSH terms: Chromosome Mapping; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9*; Female; Heterozygote Detection*; Humans; Ovarian Neoplasms/genetics*; Genes, BRCA1*; Genetic Predisposition to Disease*; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Genes, BRCA2*
  18. Noor NM, Khan AA, Hasham R, Talib A, Sarmidi MR, Aziz R, et al.
    IET Nanobiotechnol, 2016 Aug;10(4):195-9.
    PMID: 27463789 DOI: 10.1049/iet-nbt.2015.0041
    Virgin coconut oil (VCO) is the finest grade of coconut oil, rich in phenolic content, antioxidant activity and contains medium chain triglycerides (MCTs). In this work formulation, characterisation and penetration of VCO-solid lipid particles (VCO-SLP) have been studied. VCO-SLP were prepared using ultrasonication of molten stearic acid and VCO in an aqueous solution. The electron microscopy imaging revealed that VCO-SLP were solid and spherical in shape. Ultrasonication was performed at several power intensities which resulted in particle sizes of VCO-SLP ranged from 0.608 ± 0.002 µm to 44.265 ± 1.870 µm. The particle size was directly proportional to the applied power intensity of ultrasonication. The zeta potential values of the particles were from -43.2 ± 0.28 mV to -47.5 ± 0.42 mV showing good stability. The cumulative permeation for the smallest sized VCO-SLP (0.608 µm) was 3.83 ± 0.01 µg/cm(2) whereas for larger carriers it was reduced (3.59 ± 0.02 µg/cm(2)). It is concluded that SLP have the potential to be exploited as a micro/nano scale cosmeceutical carrying vehicle for improved dermal delivery of VCO.
    MeSH terms: Administration, Cutaneous; Animals; Capsules/administration & dosage; Capsules/chemistry*; Drug Compounding/methods; Drug Stability; Liposomes/chemistry*; Materials Testing; Particle Size; Plant Oils/administration & dosage*; Plant Oils/chemistry; Skin Absorption/drug effects; Skin Absorption/physiology; Water Loss, Insensible/drug effects*; Rats; Nanocapsules/administration & dosage; Nanocapsules/ultrastructure; Nanocapsules/chemistry*; Skin Cream/administration & dosage*; Absorption, Physicochemical; In Vitro Techniques
  19. Singh S, Prakash A, Kaur S, Ming LC, Mani V, Majeed AB
    Environ Toxicol, 2016 Aug;31(8):1017-26.
    PMID: 25864908 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22111
    Organophosphate pesticides are used in agriculture where they are associated with numerous cases of intentional and accidental misuse. These toxicants are potent inhibitors of cholinesterases leading to a massive build-up of acetylcholine which induces an array of deleterious effects, including convulsions, oxidative damage and neurobehavioral deficits. Antidotal therapies with atropine and oxime yield a remarkable survival rate, but fail to prevent neuronal damage and behavioral problems. It has been indicated that multifunction drug therapy with potassium channel openers, calcium channel antagonists and antioxidants (either single-agent therapy or combination therapy) may have the potential to prevent cell death and/or slow down the processes of secondary neuronal damage. The aim of the present study, therefore, was to make a relative assessment of the potential effects of nicorandil (2 mg/kg), clinidipine (10 mg/kg), and grape seed proanthocyanidin (GSPE) extract (200 mg/kg) individually against subacute chlorpyrifos induced toxicity. The test drugs were administered to Wistar rats 2 h after exposure to Chlorpyrifos (CPF). Different behavioral studies and biochemical estimation has been carried in the study. The results showed that chronic administration of CPF significantly impaired learning and memory, along with motor coordination, and produced a marked increase in oxidative stress along with significantly reduced acetylcholine esterase (AChE) activity. Treatment with nicorandil, clinidipine and GSPE was shown to significantly improve memory performance, attenuate oxidative damage and enhance AChE activity in rats. The present study also suggests that a combination of nicorandil, clinidipine, and GSPE has a better neuroprotective effect against subacute CPF induced neurotoxicity than if applied individually. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 1017-1026, 2016.
    MeSH terms: Acetylcholinesterase/metabolism; Animals; Antidotes/pharmacology; Dihydropyridines/pharmacology*; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Drug Therapy, Combination; Chlorpyrifos/toxicity*; Insecticides/toxicity*; Male; Memory/drug effects; Oxidation-Reduction; Cell Death/drug effects; Rats, Wistar; Oxidative Stress/drug effects; Neuroprotective Agents/pharmacology*; Maze Learning; Nicorandil/pharmacology*; Proanthocyanidins/pharmacology*; Rats; Muscle Strength/drug effects; Grape Seed Extract/pharmacology*
  20. Yahya HM, Day A, Lawton C, Myrissa K, Croden F, Dye L, et al.
    Eur J Nutr, 2016 Aug;55(5):1839-47.
    PMID: 26210882 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-015-1001-3
    BACKGROUND: Establishing and linking the proposed health benefits of dietary polyphenols to their consumption requires measurement of polyphenol intake in appropriate samples and an understanding of factors that influence their intake in the general population.

    METHODS: This study examined polyphenol intake estimated from 3- and 7-day food diaries in a sample of 246 UK women aged 18-50 years. Estimation of the intake of 20 polyphenol subclasses commonly present in foods consumed by the sample studied was done using Phenol-Explorer(®) and USDA polyphenol databases. Women were participants in the Leeds Women's Wellbeing Study (LWW) (n = 143), a dietary intervention study aimed at overweight women (mean age 37.2 ± 9.4 years; mean BMI 30.8 ± 3.1 kg/m(2)), and the Diet and Health Study (DH) (n = 103) which aimed to examine the relationship between polyphenol intake and cognitive function (mean age 25.0 ± 9.0 years; mean BMI 24.5 ± 4.6 kg/m(2)).

    RESULTS: The estimated intake of polyphenol subclasses was significantly different between the two samples (p 

    MeSH terms: Adolescent; Adult; Coffee/chemistry; Coumaric Acids/administration & dosage; Coumaric Acids/analysis; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diet*; Female; Flavonoids/administration & dosage; Flavonoids/analysis; Fruit/chemistry; Great Britain; Humans; Middle Aged; Tea/chemistry; Vegetables/chemistry; Cohort Studies; Nutrition Assessment; Diet Records; Body Mass Index; Young Adult; Polyphenols/administration & dosage*; Polyphenols/classification*
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