Browse publications by year: 2024

  1. CMS Collaboration, Hayrapetyan A, Tumasyan A, Adam W, Andrejkovic JW, Bergauer T, et al.
    Eur Phys J C Part Fields, 2024;84(10):1062.
    PMID: 39422214 DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-024-13114-9
    Using proton-proton collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 140 fb - 1 collected by the CMS experiment at s = 13 Te V , the Λ b 0 → J / ψ Ξ - K + decay is observed for the first time, with a statistical significance exceeding 5 standard deviations. The relative branching fraction, with respect to the Λ b 0 → ψ ( 2 S ) Λ decay, is measured to be B ( Λ b 0 → J / ψ Ξ - K + ) / B ( Λ b 0 → ψ ( 2 S ) Λ ) = [ 3.38 ± 1.02 ± 0.61 ± 0.03 ] % , where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second is systematic, and the third is related to the uncertainties in B ( ψ ( 2 S ) → J / ψ π + π - ) and B ( Ξ - → Λ π - ) .
  2. Lin TY, Chiu CH, Woo PC, Razak Muttalif A, Dhar R, Choon Kit L, et al.
    Hum Vaccin Immunother, 2024 Dec 31;20(1):2417554.
    PMID: 39478351 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2417554
    This narrative review describes pneumococcal serotype prevalence for invasive disease and carriage and antibiotic resistance among specimens collected from children in countries across South and Southeast Asia from 2012 to 2024. Literature search retrieved 326 articles; 96 were included. The prevalence of pneumococcal serotypes varied geographically and over time after introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. Serotypes common in both pneumococcal carriage and disease were 6A, 6B, 14, 15B/15C, 19F, and 23F; serotypes 1, 3, 5, 19A, 15A, 10A, and 35B were also common in disease. Most of these serotypes are included in the 13-valent and 10-valent PCV. Carriage and disease isolates remained generally highly susceptible to vancomycin (mostly 100%) and levofloxacin (mostly >97%). These findings indicate that vaccine-preventable serotypes contribute significantly to pneumococcal disease burden in children in South and Southeast Asia. Consistency of national immunization programs with World Health Organization recommendations may reduce rates of pneumococcal disease in this region.
    MeSH terms: Asia/epidemiology; Asia, Southeastern/epidemiology; Carrier State/microbiology; Carrier State/epidemiology; Child; Child, Preschool; Humans; Infant; Prevalence; Vaccines, Conjugate/immunology; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Serogroup*
  3. Yong SL, Ting JC, Wong XS, Wong GH, Kang M
    PMID: 39625419 DOI: 10.23736/S2724-606X.24.05470-8
    BACKGROUND: This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of membrane sweeping and transcervical Foley catheters for the induction of labor after one previous cesarean delivery.

    METHODS: An open-label, prospective, randomized controlled trial was performed at Sibu Hospital, Sarawak, Malaysia between 15th February 2018 and 30th August 2018. Pregnant women aged 18 or above at term who had one previous uncomplicated lower segment cesarean section and required induction of labor were randomized to membrane sweeping or transcervical Foley catheter insertion.

    RESULTS: A total of 60 women were recruited in the study, of whom 30 were randomized to the membrane sweeping group and 30 to the Foley catheter group. The number of women who achieved a Bishop Score ≥8 was significantly higher in the Foley catheter arm than in the membrane sweeping arm (76.7% versus 43.3%; P=0.008). Compared with membrane sweeping, transcervical Foley catheter insertion significantly improved Bishop scores and allowed more women to achieve a favorable cervix that permitted an amniotomy by 48 hours of labor induction (P<0.05). The mode of delivery, intrapartum oxytocin use, maternal complications and neonatal outcomes were similar in both groups. No women had a uterine rupture or uterine hyperstimulation.

    CONCLUSIONS: Although transcervical Foley catheter insertion is superior to membrane sweeping in terms of the efficacy of labor induction, both methods did not show a statistically significant difference in vaginal delivery rates and their overall complication rates were similar.

  4. Choudhury M, Brunton P, Dias G, Schwass D, Meledandri C, Ratnayake J, et al.
    Drug Deliv Transl Res, 2024 Dec 03.
    PMID: 39625578 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-024-01748-x
    Oral mucositis (OM) remains a debilitating side effect in patients undergoing cancer therapy. DNA damage and oxidative stress generated by radiation and/or chemotherapy activate key inflammatory pathways, ultimately resulting in the destruction of the epithelial barrier, leading to microbial colonization, and ulceration. These ulcerative lesions are often extremely painful, compromising nutrition and oral hygiene, requiring intravenous nutritional support, resulting in longer periods of hospitalization and increased cost. Ulcers often increase the risk of secondary infection, disrupting cancer therapy and patient prognosis. Despite these issues, there is no approved therapy to mitigate OM. Ultrasmall (
  5. Md Nasir NAN, Zakarya IA, Kamaruddin SA
    Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2024 Dec;31(58):66360-66371.
    PMID: 39625624 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-35598-4
    The potential of two different aquatic macrophytes, Azolla pinnata R.Br. and Lemna minor L., to treat livestock wastewater through phytoremediation was investigated. The physiological analysis includes the removal efficiency of manganese (Mn) from livestock wastewater by AAS. Morphological observation was performed by using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and visual observation. RAPD analysis was applied to observe the DNA profile. It was observed that the removal efficiency of Mn was higher in L. minor with a 92% removal rate, while in A. pinnata RE, it was at a 77% rate. The higher removal rate of Mn by L. minor showed that plants had a significant impact on the removal of heavy metals, with a p ≤ 0.05. Retention time and the removal of heavy metals were found to be positively correlated. As early as 24 h after exposure to livestock wastewater (LW), the stomata on the leaves of A. pinnata and L. minor have both shrunk, and the root surfaces have shortened. According to the RAPD analysis, A. pinnata only shows an increase in band intensities and no polymorphism, whereas L. minor has 19% polymorphisms that indicate higher tolerance as hyperaccumulators. As a conclusion, L. minor showed no signs of necrosis and performed more efficiently as a hyperaccumulator in LW, with a higher removal efficiency.
    MeSH terms: Animals; Biodegradation, Environmental*; Waste Disposal, Fluid/methods; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique; Metals, Heavy; Ferns/genetics; Ferns/metabolism; Livestock*; Waste Water*
  6. Wongphutorn P, Kopolrat KY, Worasith C, Eamudomkarn C, Hongsrichan N, Pitaksakulrat O, et al.
    PLoS One, 2024;19(12):e0306732.
    PMID: 39625913 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0306732
    Detection of Strogyloides-specific IgG antibodies in urine and serum has been used in diagnostic and epidemiological studies on strongyloidiasis. However, the usefulness of these assays in assessing responses to anthelmintic treatment is unclear. Thus, we evaluated the diagnostic performance and temporal profiles of Strongyloides-specific IgG antibodies in a cohort of participants at baseline and post-treatment. The participants were prospectively screened for baseline parasitic infections by fecal examination [agar plate culture technique (APCT) and formalin-ethyl acetate concentration technique (FECT)] and digital droplet polymerase reaction (ddPCR) for Strongyloides stercoralis. At each sampling point, Strongyloides-specific IgG in urine and serum were measured by an in-house S. ratti-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). At baseline, 169 of 351 participants (48.1%) had S. stercoralis infection by the combined fecal examination and ddPCR. The diagnostic sensitivities of IgG in urine and serum were 91.1% and 88.2%, respectively. The participants were given treatment with a single oral dose of ivermectin (IVM, 200 μg/kg) and were followed up by fecal and immunological diagnosis at 3 to 18 months post-treatment. The cure rate of IVM treatment evaluated by APCT and ddPCR was 88.3% at three months post-treatment. The profiles of IgG in urine in the curative treatment group showed a significant trend of decline with time post-treatment (Kruskal-Wallis test = 113.4-212.6, p value < 0.0001) and the lowest levels were seen 12 months post-treatment. The treatment response (> 50% reduction in urinary IgG antibody units) was 100%, and conversion from positive to negative results was 65.4%. The treatment response and conversion to negative assessed by serum IgG-ELISA were similar to those by urine IgG-ELISA. The results from this long-term diagnostic study highlight the utility of urinary IgG and serum IgG for screening and monitoring treatment outcomes in strongyloidiasis.
    MeSH terms: Adult; Aged; Animals; Anthelmintics/therapeutic use; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/methods; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods; Treatment Outcome
  7. Asim Shahid M, Alam MM, Mohd Su'ud M
    PLoS One, 2024;19(12):e0311089.
    PMID: 39625991 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0311089
    The popularity of cloud computing (CC) has increased significantly in recent years due to its cost-effectiveness and simplified resource allocation. Owing to the exponential rise of cloud computing in the past decade, many corporations and businesses have moved to the cloud to ensure accessibility, scalability, and transparency. The proposed research involves comparing the accuracy and fault prediction of five machine learning algorithms: AdaBoostM1, Bagging, Decision Tree (J48), Deep Learning (Dl4jMLP), and Naive Bayes Tree (NB Tree). The results from secondary data analysis indicate that the Central Processing Unit CPU-Mem Multi classifier has the highest accuracy percentage and the least amount of fault prediction. This holds for the Decision Tree (J48) classifier with an accuracy rate of 89.71% for 80/20, 90.28% for 70/30, and 92.82% for 10-fold cross-validation. Additionally, the Hard Disk Drive HDD-Mono classifier has an accuracy rate of 90.35% for 80/20, 92.35% for 70/30, and 90.49% for 10-fold cross-validation. The AdaBoostM1 classifier was found to have the highest accuracy percentage and the least amount of fault prediction for the HDD Multi classifier with an accuracy rate of 93.63% for 80/20, 90.09% for 70/30, and 88.92% for 10-fold cross-validation. Finally, the CPU-Mem Mono classifier has an accuracy rate of 77.87% for 80/20, 77.01% for 70/30, and 77.06% for 10-fold cross-validation. Based on the primary data results, the Naive Bayes Tree (NB Tree) classifier is found to have the highest accuracy rate with less fault prediction of 97.05% for 80/20, 96.09% for 70/30, and 96.78% for 10 folds cross-validation. However, the algorithm complexity is not good, taking 1.01 seconds. On the other hand, the Decision Tree (J48) has the second-highest accuracy rate of 96.78%, 95.95%, and 96.78% for 80/20, 70/30, and 10-fold cross-validation, respectively. J48 also has less fault prediction but with a good algorithm complexity of 0.11 seconds. The difference in accuracy and less fault prediction between NB Tree and J48 is only 0.9%, but the difference in time complexity is 9 seconds. Based on the results, we have decided to make modifications to the Decision Tree (J48) algorithm. This method has been proposed as it offers the highest accuracy and less fault prediction errors, with 97.05% accuracy for the 80/20 split, 96.42% for the 70/30 split, and 97.07% for the 10-fold cross-validation.
    MeSH terms: Cloud Computing*; Machine Learning*; Algorithms*; Bayes Theorem*; Decision Trees*; Reproducibility of Results
  8. Liow JW, Shamsudin AH, Ho SH, Liem A, Tan K
    J Homosex, 2024 Dec 03.
    PMID: 39626099 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2024.2433055
    There are scant LGBT+ studies in Southeast Asia exploring mental health differences across multiple social identities. Using data from the Malaysian KAMI Survey (n = 718), we conducted bivariate regression analyses to investigate the association between sociodemographic backgrounds and the prevalence of depression, anxiety, non-suicidal self-injury, and suicidality. Results showed that younger participants, those questioning their sexual orientation (compared to gay or lesbian), cisgender women, trans men, and non-binary individuals (compared to cisgender men) reported significantly higher levels of mental ill-health. Our intercategorical analysis builds a foundation for future intersectional-based research in response to public health challenges for vulnerable LGBT+ groups.
  9. Hayrapetyan A, Tumasyan A, Adam W, Andrejkovic JW, Bergauer T, Chatterjee S, et al.
    Phys Rev Lett, 2024 Nov 15;133(20):201803.
    PMID: 39626745 DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.133.201803
    Searches for pair-produced multijet signatures using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 128  fb^{-1} of proton-proton collisions at sqrt[s]=13  TeV are presented. A data scouting technique is employed to record events with low jet scalar transverse momentum sum values. The electroweak production of particles predicted in R-parity violating supersymmetric models is probed for the first time with fully hadronic final states. This is the first search for prompt hadronically decaying mass-degenerate higgsinos, and extends current exclusions on R-parity violating top squarks and gluinos.
  10. Cheong SC, Selvam B, Ho GF, Muhamad Nor I, Tan CK, Wong YF, et al.
    BMJ Open, 2024 Dec 03;14(12):e076898.
    PMID: 39627139 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-076898
    INTRODUCTION: Treatment combination of pembrolizumab plus platinum and 5-fluorouracil (PF) has increased the survival of recurrent or metastatic (R/M) head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The combination of platinum and gemcitabine (PG) has been shown to be superior to PF in the treatment of R/M nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients. Therefore, we hypothesise that the combination of pembrolizumab with PG would be comparable to pembrolizumab with PF as a first-line treatment in R/M HNSCC.

    METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This is an open-label, multicentre, single-arm, phase 2 study of pembrolizumab plus PG for first-line treatment in subjects with R/M HNSCC in Malaysia. The study is conducted using the Optional Simon optimal 2-stage design. At the initial stage, 26 subjects will be enrolled and if seven or more patients achieve an objective response rate (ORR), then 63 patients will be enrolled. Subjects will be given pembrolizumab 200 mg3 every 3 weeks up to 35 cycles in combination with chemotherapy for up to six cycles of platinum (either cisplatin at 35 mg/m2 intravenous on day 1 and day 8 or carboplatin at area under the curve 5 intravenous on day 1 of each 3-week cycle) and gemcitabine at 1250 mg/m2 intravenous on days 1 and 8 of a 3-week cycle. The primary end point is the ORR as per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors 1.1. Secondary end points include the overall survival, progression free survival, response duration and safety. The exploratory objectives include relationships of microbiome profiles, prognostic and predictive biomarkers with the clinical responses.

    ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The study was approved by the ethics committee of the University Malaya Medical Centre (202213-10884). Findings will be disseminated through conference presentations and peer review publications.

    TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ClinicalTrials.gov (www.

    CLINICALTRIAL: gov); NCT05286619.

    MeSH terms: Adult; Cisplatin/administration & dosage; Cisplatin/therapeutic use; Female; Humans; Malaysia; Male; Middle Aged; Multicenter Studies as Topic; Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic
  11. Tan YF, Hii LW, Lim WM, Cheong SK, Leong CO, Yee MS, et al.
    Sci Rep, 2024 Dec 03;14(1):30098.
    PMID: 39627280 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-80646-1
    Small interfering RNAs (siRNA) technology has emerged as a promising therapeutic tool for human health conditions like cancer due to its ability to regulate gene silencing. Despite FDA-approved, their delivery remains localized and limiting their systemic use. This study used single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) functionalized with polyethylene glycolated (PEGylated) phospholipids (PL-PEG) derivatives for systemic siRNA delivery. We developed an siRNA systemic delivery vehicle (SWNT-siRNA) by conjugating SWNT functionalized with PL-PEG containing either amine (PA) or maleimide (MA). The functionalized SWNT with a lower molecular weight of PA produced the SWNT-siRNA conjugate system with the highest stability and high siRNA loading quantity. The system delivered siRNA to a panel of tumour cell lines of different organs (i.e. HeLa, H1299 and MCF-7) and a non-cancerous human embryonic kidney 293 cells (HEK293T) with high biocompatibility and low toxicity. The cellular uptake of SWNT-siRNA conjugates by epithelial cells was found to be energy dependent. Importantly, the presence of P-glycoprotein, a marker for drug resistance, did not inhibit SWNT-mediated siRNA delivery. Mouse xenograft model further confirmed the potential of SWNT-siRNA conjugates with a significant gene knock-down without signs of acute toxicity. These findings pave the way for potential gene therapy applications using SWNTs as delivery vehicles.
    MeSH terms: Animals; HeLa Cells; Humans; Gene Transfer Techniques; Gene Silencing; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays; Cell Line, Tumor; Mice; HEK293 Cells; MCF-7 Cells
  12. Hossain MK, Islam MA, Uddin MS, Paramasivam P, Hamid JA, Alshgari RA, et al.
    Sci Rep, 2024 Dec 03;14(1):30142.
    PMID: 39627336 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-81797-x
    In this work, CsPb.625Zn.375IBr2-based perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are numerically simulated and optimized under ideal lighting conditions using the SCAPS-1D simulator. We investigate how various hole transport layers (HTL) including Zn3P2, PTAA, MoS2, MoO3, MEH-PPV, GaAs, CuAlO2, Cu2Te, ZnTe, MoTe2, CMTS, CNTS, CZTS, CZTSe and electron transport layers (ETL) such as CdS, SnS2, ZnSe, PC60BM interact with the devices' functionality. Following HTL material optimization, a maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 16.59% was observed for the FTO/SnS2/CsPb.625Zn.375IBr2/MoS2/Au structure, with MoS2 proving to be a more economical option. The remainder of the investigation is done following the HTL optimization. We study how the performance of the PSC is affected by varying the materials of the ETL and to improve the PCE of the device, we finally optimized the thickness, charge carrier densities, and defect densities of the absorber, ETL, and HTL. In the end, the optimized arrangement produced a VOC of 0.583 V, a JSC of 43.95 mA/cm2, an FF of 82.17%, and a PCE of 21.05% for the FTO/ZnSe/CsPb.625Zn.375IBr2/MoS2/Au structure. We also examine the effects of temperature, shunt resistance, series resistance, generation rate, recombination rate, current-voltage (JV) curve, and quantum efficiency (QE) properties to learn more about the performance of the optimized device. At 300 K, the optimized device provides the highest thermal stability. Our research shows the promise of CsPb.625Zn.375IBr2-based PSCs and offers insightful information for further development and improvement.
  13. Shukhairi SS, Mazlan N, Subbiah VK, Abd Rahman NN, Nazahuddin MNA, Shawel AS, et al.
    Bull Environ Contam Toxicol, 2024 Dec 03;114(1):2.
    PMID: 39627569 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-024-03980-0
    Microplastics (MPs) are tiny plastic pieces having a diameter of less than 5 mm. They can arise from larger plastic debris that degrades over time, synthetic fibres from clothing, microbeads in personal care items and even larger plastic debris. Sea cucumbers are marine creatures vital to the ocean's ecosystem as they assist in maintaining a clean seabed and recycle nutrients. The aim of this research was to characterize the types of MPs isolated from the sea cucumber Holothuria scabra from Pulau Jambongan, Sabah. A total of 30 H. scabra were collected. Their gastrointestinal tracts were removed and digested using NaOH. The digestates were filtrated several times to extract the MPs. MPs were observed under microscope and categorized into shapes and colours. To determine the functional group of polymers, further analysis using Fourier Transform-Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) was performed. The samples contained a total of 7403 MPs. Majority of MPs were black colored (72.25%) and in the form of fibres (99.05%). Two types of polymers were detected: polycarbonate (PC) found in 4% of the population and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) present in 96%. In conclusion, the presence of MPs in the gastrointestinal tract of H. scabra suggests that the animals and their habitat have been contaminated. Further study is required to comprehend the effects of MPs on sea cucumbers and other marine organisms as well as to develop prevention strategies.
    MeSH terms: Animals; Environmental Monitoring*; Malaysia
  14. Salikin NH, Keong LC, Azemin WA, Philip N, Yusuf N, Daud SA, et al.
    World J Microbiol Biotechnol, 2024 Dec 04;40(12):402.
    PMID: 39627623 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-04190-w
    Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Staphylococcus aureus represents a major global health issue resulting in a wide range of debilitating infections and fatalities. The slow progression of new antibiotics, limited choices for treatment, and scarcity of new drug approvals create immense obstacles in new drug line development. S. aureus poses a significant public health risk, due to the emergence of methicillin-resistant (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant strains (VRSA), necessitating novel antibiotics for effective control management. Current studies are delving into the terpenes' potential as an antimicrobial agent, indicating positive prospects as promising substitutes or complementary to conventional antibiotics. Concurrent reactions of terpenes with conventional antibiotics create synergistic effects that significantly enhance antibiotic efficacy. Accumulated evidence has shown that while efflux pump (e.g., NorA, TetK, and MepA) is revealed as an essential defense of S. aureus against antibiotics, terpene and its derivative act as its potent inhibitor, suggesting the promising potential of terpenes in combating those infectious pathogens. Furthermore, pronounced cell membrane disruptive activity and antibiofilm properties by terpenes have been exerted, signifying their significance as promising prevention against microbial pathogenesis and antimicrobial resistance. This review provides an overview of the potential of terpenes and their derivatives in combating S. aureus infections, highlighting their potential mechanisms of action (MOA), synergistic effects with conventional antibiotics, and challenges in clinical translation. The unique properties of terpenes offer an opportunity for their use in developing an exceptional defense strategy against antibiotic-resistant S. aureus.
    MeSH terms: Animals; Drug Synergism; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests
  15. Baharum H, Ismail A, Awang Z, McKenna L, Ibrahim R, Mohamed Z, et al.
    BMC Nurs, 2024 Dec 03;23(1):879.
    PMID: 39627761 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-024-02543-2
    BACKGROUND: Graduate nurses commonly experience the transition phase and are required to adapt quickly to their new workplace, as it is a prerequisite for a successful transition. However, workplace adaptation is extremely challenging and may affect nurses' future career prospects if not managed properly. Therefore, we aimed to determine the factors that facilitate newly employed nurses' adaptation and integration at Ministry of Health (MOH)-run state hospitals in Malaysia. The study framework was derived and adapted from the Roy adaptation model and organisational socialisation theories.

    METHODS: This quantitative study was conducted from May 2021 to December 2021. The sample population was newly employed nurses working at state hospitals with 1-2 years of service experience. This study involved 496 newly hired nurses from MOH state hospitals. Questionnaires were distributed through Google Forms. The data were analysed using covariance-based structural equation modelling.

    RESULTS: The participants perceived that workplace organisation (OC), academic institution contribution (AIC), and new nurse's personality traits (PT) contributed approximately 36% to newly employed nurses' adaptation (NENA). PT partially mediated the relationship between OC and NENA and between AIC and NENA.

    CONCLUSIONS: The results could be useful to nursing authorities. We also recommend that a nurse's personality be developed, emphasised, and enhanced through continuous programmes or training to ensure that they can easily adapt to their new working environment. Furthermore, academic institution and work organisation collaboration should be encouraged to develop improvement cycles that facilitate newly employed nurses' prompt and efficient adaptation at MOH hospitals during transition.

  16. Li Y, Meng L, Gong L, Wang X, Yang X, Li T
    BMC Ophthalmol, 2024 Dec 03;24(1):521.
    PMID: 39627768 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-024-03785-z
    OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical efficacy of modified limbal stem cell transplantation(Modified LSC transplantation) and bandage contact lens(BCL) implantation in pterygium surgery.

    METHODS: A total of 479 patients with primary pterygium who were admitted to our hospital from March 2019 to March 2023 were randomly divided into three groups: the normal group (Group A: 89 patients), the control group (Group B: 195 patients), and the modified group (Group C: 195 patients). Each group received different intervention measures. Group A did not undergo surgical treatment and were required to follow up as outpatients. Group B received LSC transplantation combined with interrupted suturing plus BCL, whereas Group C received modified LSC transplantation combined with BCL. The degree of corneal irritation symptoms, wound healing and graft status under slit lamp, incidence and recurrence rate of complications, tear film rupture time, tear secretion test, intraocular pressure, ocular surface inflammation response(IL-1β, PGE2, TNF-α, VEGF), and visual quality were compared and analyzed at various time points after surgery.

    RESULTS: Compared with those in the Group B, patients in the Group C experienced faster normalization of corneal epithelium recovery, fewer corneal irritation symptoms, and better wound healing. The break-up time (BUT) of the tear film at 1 week to 1 year postoperatively was significantly greater in the Group C than Group B, with values approaching those of Group A by 3 months (P  0.05). The ELISA results indicated that the expression levels of the ocular surface inflammatory factors IL-1β, TNF-α, PEG2, and VEGF in the Group C were lower than those in Group B from 1 week to 1 year post surgery. Under both natural light and low-light conditions (spatial frequency/6 cd), Group C had better best-corrected visual acuity and contrast sensitivity than Group B at 1 week to 1 year postoperatively. Additionally, Group C had lower corneal higher-order aberrations (including astigmatism, spherical aberrations, and total higher-order aberrations) and superior vision-related quality of life scores at 1 year postoperatively than Group B, with statistically significant differences (P 

    MeSH terms: Adult; Aged; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Intraocular Pressure/physiology; Male; Middle Aged; Wound Healing; Limbus Corneae*; Treatment Outcome; Stem Cell Transplantation/methods
  17. Supian NS, Ibrahim MI
    BMC Nurs, 2024 Dec 03;23(1):882.
    PMID: 39627828 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-024-02557-w
    BACKGROUND: Poor sleep quality among nurses can negatively impact their performance, leading to increased risks of errors in nursing practice, which directly affect patient safety. However, there is limited research on the factors influencing sleep quality and its subsequent consequences on patient safety, particularly in tertiary hospitals in Kelantan, Malaysia. This study aimed to determine the factors influencing sleep quality and the prevalence of poor sleep quality among nurses at tertiary hospitals in Kelantan.

    METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional study was conducted in two tertiary care hospitals in Kelantan between December 2023 and February 2024. A proportionate stratified random sampling method was employed to recruit a sample of 470 registered nurses. Data were collected using a validated self-administered questionnaire comprising 19 items across seven component scores.

    RESULTS: The prevalence of poor sleep quality among nurses was found to be 69.8%. The study identified several significant factors associated with poor sleep quality, including sleep duration (aOR 0.291; 95% CI: 0.215-0.393; p 

  18. Huang Z, Iqbal Z, Zhao Z, Liu J, Alabsi AM, Shabbir M, et al.
    J Transl Med, 2024 Dec 03;22(1):1096.
    PMID: 39627858 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05900-6
    The bone marrow niche is a special microenvironment that comprises elements, including hematopoietic stem cells, osteoblasts, and endothelial cells, and helps maintain their characteristic functions. Here, we elaborate on the crosstalk between various cellular components, hematopoietic stem cells, and other cells in the bone marrow niche. We further explain the mechanism of preserving equilibrium in the bone marrow niche, which is crucial for the directional regulation of bone reconstruction and repair. Additionally, we elucidate the intercommunication among osteocytes, the regulation of osteoblast maturation and activation by lymphocytes, the deficiency of megakaryocytes that can markedly impair osteoblast formation, and the mechanism of interaction between macrophages and mesenchymal stem cells in the bone marrow niche. Finally, we discussed the new immunotherapies for bone tumors in the BM niche. In this review, we aimed to provide a candid overview of the crosstalk among bone marrow niche cells and to highlight new concepts underlying the unknown mechanisms of hematopoiesis and bone reconstruction. Thus, this review may provide a more comprehensive understanding of the role of these niche cells in improving hematopoietic function and help identify their therapeutic potential for different diseases in the future.
    MeSH terms: Animals; Bone Marrow*; Cell Communication*; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/cytology; Humans; Osteoblasts/cytology; Stem Cell Niche*
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