Browse publications by year: 2024

Identification and validation of mRNA profiles linked to ATP- induced cell death represent a novel prognostic model for breast cancer

Zhang Z, Zhang H, Zhang Z, Sandai D, Lu P, Zhang H, et al.

Front Immunol, 2024;15:1483498.
PMID: 39555060 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1483498

BACKGROUND: Cell death mechanisms are integral to the pathogenesis of breast cancer (BC), with ATP-induced cell death (AICD) attracting increasing attention due to its distinctive specificity and potential therapeutic applications.
METHODS: This study employed genomic methodologies to investigate the correlation between drug sensitivity and types of AICD in BC. Initially, data from TCGA were utilized to construct a prognostic model and classification system for AICD. Subsequently, a series of bioinformatics analyses assessed the prognostic and clinical significance of this model within the context of BC.
RESULTS: Analysis revealed a cohort of 18 genes associated with AICD, exhibiting prognostic relevance. Survival analyses indicated that overall survival rates were significantly lower in high-risk populations compared to their low-risk counterparts. Furthermore, prognostic indicators linked to AICD demonstrated high accuracy in predicting survival outcomes in BC. Immunological assessments indicated heightened expression of anti-tumor infiltrating immune cells and immune checkpoint molecules in low-risk populations, correlating with various anti-tumor immune functions. Ultimately, a comprehensive prognostic model related to AICD was developed through univariate analysis, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), and multivariate Cox regression analysis. As Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) concentration increased, the viability of BC cells exhibited a general decline at each time point. Notably, ATP diminished the mitochondrial membrane potential in BC cells while enhancing it in normal breast epithelial cells. Additionally, ATP inhibited the migration of BC cells and promoted their apoptosis. ATP also stimulated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in MCF-10A cells, with implications for the immune response in BC cells. Compared to the control group, expression levels of CLIC6, SLC1A1, and CEMIP were significantly reduced in the ATP intervention group, whereas ANO6 expression was elevated. ANO6, CEMIP, and CLIC6 share genetic variants with BC, while SLC1A1 does not exhibit genetic causal variation with the disease.
CONCLUSION: A valuable prognostic model associated with AICD has been established, capable of accurately predicting BC prognosis. The induction of cell death by ATP appears to play a protective role in BC progression. These findings carry significant implications for the implementation of personalized and tailored treatment strategies for BC patients.

MeSH terms: Female; Humans; Prognosis; RNA, Messenger/genetics; RNA, Messenger/metabolism; Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Cell Death/genetics; Apoptosis; Gene Expression Profiling; Cell Line, Tumor; Transcriptome
Lattice 123 pattern for automated Alzheimer's detection using EEG signal

Dogan S, Barua PD, Baygin M, Tuncer T, Tan RS, Ciaccio EJ, et al.

Cogn Neurodyn, 2024 Oct;18(5):2503-2519.
PMID: 39555305 DOI: 10.1007/s11571-024-10104-1

This paper presents an innovative feature engineering framework based on lattice structures for the automated identification of Alzheimer's disease (AD) using electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. Inspired by the Shannon information entropy theorem, we apply a probabilistic function to create the novel Lattice123 pattern, generating two directed graphs with minimum and maximum distance-based kernels. Using these graphs and three kernel functions (signum, upper ternary, and lower ternary), we generate six feature vectors for each input signal block to extract textural features. Multilevel discrete wavelet transform (MDWT) was used to generate low-level wavelet subbands. Our proposed model mirrors deep learning approaches, facilitating feature extraction in frequency and spatial domains at various levels. We used iterative neighborhood component analysis to select the most discriminative features from the extracted vectors. An iterative hard majority voting and a greedy algorithm were used to generate voted vectors to select the optimal channel-wise and overall results. Our proposed model yielded a classification accuracy of more than 98% and a geometric mean of more than 96%. Our proposed Lattice123 pattern, dynamic graph generation, and MDWT-based multilevel feature extraction can detect AD accurately as the proposed pattern can extract subtle changes from the EEG signal accurately. Our prototype is ready to be validated using a large and diverse database.
The Effect of Supplementation of Fish Protein Hydrolysate to the BSF-Based Aquafeed on the Growth, Survival, Fatty Acids, and Histopathology of Juvenile Lobster (Panulirus ornatus)

Saputra I, Lee YN, Fotedar R

Aquac Nutr, 2024;2024:8579991.
PMID: 39555534 DOI: 10.1155/2024/8579991

The present study aims to evaluate the effect of liquid fish protein hydrolysate (FPH) following fishmeal substitution with full-fat and defatted BSF (black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens) meal in the feeds of juvenile ornate spiny lobster, Panulirus ornatus. The physiological aspects of juvenile lobsters including growth, fatty acids profile, and histopathology were observed. Six isoenergetic experimental feeds having a protein-to-energy ratio of 26 CP mg kJ-1 were formulated with the substitution of fishmeal at 25% using liquid FPH, full-fat BSF (FBSF), defatted BSF (DBSF), and their combination. The specific growth rate, final body weight, final total length, and length increment of juvenile lobsters (initial weight was 0.21 ± 0.01 g and total length was 20.53 ± 0.12 mm) were significantly affected by the fishmeal substitution (P < 0.05) and improved with the addition of liquid FPH in the feeds containing FBSF and DBSF. The whole body proximate analysis showed that the liquid FPH to the feeds containing DBSF increased the ash and protein content significantly (P < 0.05). The total monounsaturated fatty acids (∑MUFA), saturated fatty acids (∑SFA), and omega 9 fatty acids (∑n-9 FA) of juvenile lobsters' whole bodies fed with dietary DBSF and FPH supplementation were significantly higher than those of others (P < 0.05). The histopathological analysis indicated that the villus size and the muscle thickness in the intestine were not significantly affected by FPH supplementation. However, the hepatopancreas histopathology indicated the presence of B-cells and R-cells in the juvenile lobsters fed with FPH-supplemented feeds. The present results suggested the supplementation of liquid FPH to the formulated feed with FBSF and DBSF for juvenile lobsters can improve the lobsters' growth and fatty acids availability.
Artificial Neural Networks: A New Frontier in Dental Tissue Regeneration

Mohd Nor NH, Mansor NI, Hasim NA

Tissue Eng Part B Rev, 2024 Nov 18.
PMID: 39556233 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2024.0216

In the realm of dental tissue regeneration research, various constraints exist such as the potential variance in cell quality, potency arising from differences in donor tissue and tissue microenvironment, the difficulties associated with sustaining long-term and large-scale cell expansion while preserving stemness and therapeutic attributes, as well as the need for extensive investigation into the enduring safety and effectiveness in clinical settings. The adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies has been suggested as a means to tackle these challenges. This is because, tissue regeneration research could be advanced through the use of diagnostic systems that incorporate mining methods such as neural networks (NN), fuzzy, predictive modeling, genetic algorithms, machine learning (ML), cluster analysis, and decision trees. This article seeks to offer foundational insights into a subset of AI referred to as artificial neural networks (ANNs) and assess their potential applications as essential decision-making support tools in the field of dentistry, with a particular focus on tissue engineering research. Although ANNs may initially appear complex and resource intensive, they have proven to be effective in laboratory and therapeutic settings. This expert system can be trained using clinical data alone, enabling their deployment in situations where rule-based decision-making is impractical. As ANNs progress further, it is likely to play a significant role in revolutionizing dental tissue regeneration research, providing promising results in streamlining dental procedures and improving patient outcomes in the clinical setting.
Traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of adverse reactions after TACE for primary hepatic carcinoma: Effect, mechanism, and potential advantages

Li HB, Huang L, Ni JY, Lin RY, Xi SY

Phytomedicine, 2024 Dec;135:156244.
PMID: 39556987 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.156244

Primary hepatic carcinoma is one of the most common malignant tumors. China is a major country for liver cancer, accounting for about 50 % of the patients worldwide. Although there are a variety of treatments for primary hepatic carcinoma, chemotherapy remains an important method, and transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) is a commonly used local chemotherapy. Currently, there are no effective therapeutic measures to target adverse reactions generated after chemoembolization. A new approach is needed to alleviate post-TACE syndrome. Clinical and experimental studies have shown that traditional Chinese medicine can reduce adverse reactions and improve clinical efficacy when combined with primary hepatic carcinoma treatment. This suggests that traditional Chinese medicine plays an important and irreplaceable role in alleviating adverse reactions after TACE. However, there is still a need for high-quality experimental and clinical studies to obtain evidence of effective treatment.

MeSH terms: Humans; Medicine, Chinese Traditional*
Comments on "Extraction, purification, characteristics, bioactivities, prospects, and toxicity of Lilium spp. polysaccharides by Li et al. (2024) in Int. J. Biol. Macromol."

Omoregie AI, Alhassan M, Ouahbi T

Int J Biol Macromol, 2024 Dec;283(Pt 2):137770.
PMID: 39557263 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.137770

Lilium spp. polysaccharides (LSPs) are gaining significant attention for their diverse health benefits, including antioxidant, antitumor, and antibacterial properties. This paper critically analyzes a recent comprehensive review by Li et al., published in International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, focusing on LSP extraction, purification, and health benefits. While the original review offers valuable insights, this critique identifies opportunities to strengthen the bibliometric analysis section. This study employs a comprehensive search strategy in Scopus using specific keywords and covering a broader time frame (1975-2023), revealing 94 research articles on LSPs. The critique proposes improvements to enhance transparency and impact, such as specifying search queries and Boolean operators used across databases, detailing selection criteria, and incorporating advanced analyses. This article discusses author keyword analysis, co-citation analysis of cited authors, and bibliographic coupling analysis of documents using VOSviewer software. The global landscape mapping of LSP relationships involving authors, countries, and keywords was determined using RStudio software. These refinements will provide a more robust foundation for understanding the LSP research landscape and future research directions while also addressing common pitfalls and suggesting improvements in bibliometric analysis for future studies.

MeSH terms: Antioxidants/pharmacology; Antioxidants/chemistry; Humans; Bibliometrics
Mechanisms of S-phase arrest and mitochondrial dysfunction in complex III by DHODH inhibitors in tumorigenic TNBC cells

Shahhiran MAA, Abdul Kadir MF, Nor Rashid N, Abdul-Rahman PS, Othman S

Histochem Cell Biol, 2024 Nov 18;163(1):3.
PMID: 39557682 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-024-02339-0

Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) inhibitors have recently gained increasing research interest owing to their potential for treating breast cancers. We explored their effects in different breast cancer subtypes, focusing on mitochondrial dysfunction. The sensitivity of different subtypes to the inhibitors was investigated with respect to DHODH expression, tumorigenic, and receptor status. Analysis of respiratory complexes, cell cycle, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and cell differentiation were performed. Four cell lines with different receptor status were included, namely MCF-7, MDAMB-231, SKBR-3, and MCF-10A. We showed that MCF-7 and MDAMB-231 cells of the subtypes (ER+/PR+/HER2-) and (ER-/PR-/HER2-), respectively, were responsive to brequinar. Brequinar (BQR) caused cell cycle arrest in the S-phase in sensitive subtypes of breast cells but induced cell differentiation only in poorly differentiated breast cells. All cell subtypes showed increased generation of ROS, both intracellular and mitochondrial ROS with a greater increase seen in mitochondrial ROS in response to DHODH inhibitor, subsequently contributing to mitochondrial dysfunction. BQR also disrupts the function of complex III in ER+/PR+ and triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtypes. Collectively, we have found that MDAMB-231 TNBC cell was the most affected by DHODH inhibition in terms of sensitivity, cell cycle arrest, induction of cell differentiation, production of ROS, and mitochondrial complexes disruption. In conclusion, these findings suggest that DHODH inhibitors can potentially become a valuable targeted therapy for TNBC subtype and further consolidates its therapeutic potential as part of the combinatorial therapy against this resilient breast cancer subtype.

MeSH terms: Biphenyl Compounds; Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology; Female; Humans; Quinaldines; Tumor Cells, Cultured; Cell Cycle Checkpoints/drug effects; S Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints/drug effects
NEDD4L contributes to ferroptosis and cell growth inhibition in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by facilitating xCT ubiquitination

Chen Z, Wang W, Hou J, Gao C, Song M, Zhao Z, et al.

Cell Death Discov, 2024 Nov 18;10(1):473.
PMID: 39557844 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-02243-5

The oncogene xCT plays an indispensable role in tumor growth by protecting cancer cells from oxidative stress and ferroptosis. Emerging evidence indicated xCT function is tightly controlled by posttranslational modifications, especially ubiquitination. However, it still remains unclear what specific regulatory mechanism of xCT by ubiquitin ligases in human cancers. Here, we reported that NEDD4L, an E3 ubiquitin ligases, inhibited esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) tumor growth and facilitated ferroptosis by ubiquitination of xCT. NEDD4L expression was declined in ESCC and was associated with tumor invasion, lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis. Silencing NEDD4L triggered ESCC tumor growth. Meanwhile, knock down of NEDD4L prevented the accumulation of ROS, elevated the level of GSH, reduced the content of MDA in ESCC cells, thereby inhibiting ferroptosis. Mechanistically, NEDD4L directly bound to the ∆CT domain of xCT through its WW and HECT domain. More importantly, NEDD4L promoted xCT degradation by facilitating its polyubiquitination in ESCC cells. Collectively, these findings suggest that NEDD4L is crucial in governing the stability of xCT and mediating ferroptosis in ESCC.
Fulltext Isolation and characterization of DNA aptamers against the HlyE antigen of Salmonella Typhi

Ahmad Najib M, Winter A, Mustaffa KMF, Ong EBB, Selvam K, Khalid MF, et al.

Sci Rep, 2024 Nov 18;14(1):28416.
PMID: 39557915 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-78685-9

Aptamers have emerged as prominent ligands in clinical diagnostics because they provide various advantages over antibodies, such as quicker generation time, reduced manufacturing costs, minimal batch-to-batch variability, greater modifiability, and improved thermal stability. In the present study, we isolated and characterized DNA aptamers that can specifically bind to the hemolysin E (HlyE) antigen of Salmonella Typhi for future development of typhoid diagnostic tests. The DNA aptamers against Salmonella Typhi HlyE were isolated using systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX), and their binding affinity and specificity were assessed utilizing enzyme-linked oligonucleotide assay (ELONA). A total of 11 distinct aptamers were identified, and the binding affinities and species selectivities of the three most probable aptamers were determined. Kd values were obtained in the nanomolar range, with the highest affinity of 83.6 nM determined for AptHlyE97. In addition, AptHlyE11, AptHlyE45 and AptHlyE97 clearly distinguished S. Typhi HlyE from other tested bacteria, such as Salmonella Paratyphi A, Salmonella Paratyphi B, Shigella flexneri, Klebsiella pneumonia and Escherichia coli, therefore displaying desirable specificity. These novel aptamers could be used as diagnostic ligands for the future development of inexpensive and effective point-of-care tests for typhoid surveillance, especially in developing countries of the tropics and subtropics.

MeSH terms: Antigens, Bacterial/immunology; Antigens, Bacterial/isolation & purification; Bacterial Proteins; Humans; Salmonella typhi*; Typhoid Fever/diagnosis; Typhoid Fever/microbiology
Fulltext Modeling linear and nonlinear viscoelastic oscillatory rheometric stress-strain hysteresis of asphalt binders

Diab A, You L, Topa A, Saboo N, Sukhija M, Awed A

Sci Rep, 2024 Nov 18;14(1):28499.
PMID: 39557937 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-78551-8

Understanding the complex stress-strain hysteresis behavior of asphalt binders under varied conditions is critical for optimizing pavement performance. This study addresses the challenge by analyzing and modeling asphalt binder responses in oscillating shear mode across different aging states (unaged, short-term aged, and long-term aged), stretch amplitudes, frequencies, and temperatures. Fifty-three stress-strain hysteresis loops were meticulously analyzed, revealing distinct stress paths relative to applied stretch levels. A nine-parameter parallel rheological framework model was developed, integrating a four-parameter eight-chain (FEC) hyperelastic model in one network and a FEC hyperelastic model with a linear viscoelastic flow element in series in another. This constitutive model was implemented in LS-DYNA finite element simulations to predict experimentally-measured stress-strain hysteresis loops accurately. The research demonstrates the model's capability to simulate both linear and nonlinear viscoelastic responses of asphalt binders across a wide range of environmental and loading conditions. This approach significantly enhances our ability to capture and understand the stress-strain behavior critical for asphalt pavement durability and performance optimization.
Fulltext The effects of structured coordinative exercise protocol on physical fitness, motor competence and inhibitory control in preschool children

Şendil AM, Canlı U, Sheeha BB, Alkhamees NH, Batrakoulis A, Al-Mhanna SB

Sci Rep, 2024 Nov 18;14(1):28462.
PMID: 39558052 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-79811-3

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of a structured coordinative exercise intervention based on motor skill elements on physical fitness (PF), motor competence (MC) and inhibitory control (IC) in preschool children. A total of 41 kindergarten children (27 boys and 17 girls) aged between 5 and 6 years participated and were divided into exercise (EG; n = 18) and control (CG; n = 23) groups. The exercise group participated in a structured coordinative exercise programme focusing on locomotor and balance skills such as side-stepping, galloping, jumping and running for 30 min, 2 days a week for 8 weeks. The control group followed the normal curriculum. Children participated in measurements before and after 8 weeks, respectively; motor competence was assessed using the Körperkoordinationstest für Kinder (KTK3+) test battery, which includes eye-hand coordination and other coordinative skills. Physical fitness was measured by balance, agility and vertical jump tests. Inhibitory control was assessed using the Go/NoGo test in the Early Years Toolbox. As a result of the two-factor analysis of variance for mixed measures to determine whether being in the exercising group had a significant effect on the test scores, group by time interaction effect showed that the increase in the scores of the exercise group was significantly higher than that of the control group in the parameters of static balance, KTK sideways jump and KTK eye-hand coordination [respectively: F(1-39) = 6.993, p = 0.012; 6.443, p = 0.015; 8.180, p = 0.007). The results show that structured coordinative exercises improve PF and MC but have no significant effect on IC. This study targets the development of motor and cognitive skills considered to be important in preschool children and is one of the few studies to evaluate these parameters simultaneously. It also provides a comprehensive perspective on interventions aimed to positively affect health and development in early childhood.Trial Registration: NCT06631248. Registered on October 07, 2024.

MeSH terms: Child; Child, Preschool; Postural Balance/physiology; Female; Humans; Male
Fulltext Exploring feature sparsity for out-of-distribution detection

Chen Q, Li K, Chen Z, Maul T, Yin J

Sci Rep, 2024 Nov 18;14(1):28444.
PMID: 39558072 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-79934-7

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is a crucial problem in practice, especially, for the safe deployment of machine learning models in industrial settings. Previous work has used free energy as a score function and proposed a fine-tuning method that utilized OOD data in the training phase of the classification model, which achieves a higher performance on the OOD detection task compared with traditional methods. One key drawback, however, is that the loss function parameters are highly dependent on involved datasets, which means it cannot be dynamically adapted and implemented in others settings; in other words, the general ability of the energy score is considerably limited. In this work, our point of departure is to enlarge distinguishability between in-distribution features and OOD data. Consequently, we present a simple yet effective sparsity-regularized (SR) tuning framework for this purpose. Our framework has two types of workflows depending on if external OOD data is available, the complexity of the original training loss is sharply reduced by adopting this modification, meanwhile, the adapted ability and detection performance are enhanced. Also, we contribute a mini dataset as a light and efficient alternative of the previous large-scale one. In the experiments, we verify the effectiveness of our framework in a wide range of typical datasets along with common network architectures.
Fulltext Locomotor performance parameters as predictors of high-performing male soccer teams. A multiple-season study on professional soccer

Makar P, Musa RM, Silva RM, Muracki J, Trybulski R, Altundağ E, et al.

Sci Rep, 2024 Nov 18;14(1):28547.
PMID: 39558131 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-80181-z

This study aims to explore the interplay between locomotor demands and goal differentials to better understand their combined influence on overall success. Spanning three competitive seasons within the male Turkish Super League, this study analyzed all participating teams across 124 matches. Locomotor demands, including total distance (m) covered (TD), distances covered (m) at different speed thresholds (0.21-2.0 m/s; 2.01-4.0 m/s; 4.01-5.5 m/s; and 5.5-7.7 m/s), and the number of accelerations in range of 5.5-7.0 m/s (n), were quantified using an optical tracking system. Subsequently, regression models were employed to predict the total points earned by all teams over the three seasons. The logistic regression model, tailored to predict team categorization as high-points earners (HPE) or low-points earners (LPE) based on locomotor variables, exhibited a mean accuracy of 74%. Notably, total distance covered, running speed intervals between 4.4 and 5.5 m/s, and the number of accelerations in range of 5.5-7.0 m/s emerged as significant predictors of team success. Our findings highlight the pivotal role of running speed (4.01-5.5 m/s), number of accelerations, and total distance in predicting success for high-performing teams. Coaches can leverage these insights to refine training programs, thereby optimizing team performance, and fostering success in competitive environments.

MeSH terms: Acceleration; Adult; Humans; Locomotion/physiology; Male; Turkey; Athletes
Fulltext Prevalence of dual use of combustible tobacco and E-cigarettes among pregnant smokers: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Bushi G, Khatib MN, Balaraman AK, Ballal S, Bansal P, Tomar BS, et al.

BMC Public Health, 2024 Nov 18;24(1):3200.
PMID: 39558300 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-20746-9

BACKGROUND: As e-cigarettes gain popularity as potential tobacco cessation aids, concerns arise about their dual use with traditional cigarettes, especially among pregnant women, potentially subjecting both women and fetuses to heightened risks. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the overall prevalence of dual use of tobacco smoking and e-cigarette use in pregnant women.
METHODS: A literature search was conducted across databases including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane on October 20, 2023. The included studies reported the number of pregnant women and the count of those who were dual users. Quality assessment was undertaken using the JBI tool. The pooled prevalence of dual use was determined via a random-effects model. All statistical analyses were executed using R software, version 4.3.
PROSPERO: CRD42023486020.
RESULTS: Eighteen studies were analyzed, encompassing 5,983,363 pregnant women. The meta-analysis indicated an overall prevalence of 4.6% (95% CI: 2.0-10.3) for dual users with significant heterogeneity (I2 = 100%). Subgroup analysis based on the country showed a prevalence of 4.9% (95% CI: 2.0 to 11.6) for USA and 8.1% (95% CI: 0.00 to 1.00) for UK. Meta-regression revealed reduction of prevalence of dual use from 2019 to 2023. A potential publication bias was indicated by the LFK index and the Doi plot.
CONCLUSION: The dual consumption of e-cigarettes and traditional tobacco in pregnant women is a significant health concern, with a notable prevalence. Given the established risks of tobacco smoking during pregnancy and the uncertainties surrounding e-cigarettes, more comprehensive research and public health interventions are urgently needed to address this issue.

MeSH terms: Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Prevalence; Pregnant Women*
Psychological factors contributing to the creation and dissemination of fake news among social media users: a systematic review

Munusamy S, Syasyila K, Shaari AAH, Pitchan MA, Kamaluddin MR, Jatnika R

BMC Psychol, 2024 Nov 18;12(1):673.
PMID: 39558439 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-02129-2

The proliferation of fake news on social media platforms has become a significant concern, influencing public opinion, political decisions, and societal trust. While much research has focused on the technological and algorithmic factors behind the spread of misinformation, less attention has been given to the psychological drivers that contribute to the creation and dissemination of fake news. Cognitive biases, emotional appeals, and social identity motivations are believed to play a crucial role in shaping user behaviour on social media, yet there is limited systematic understanding of how these psychological factors intersect with online information sharing. Existing studies tend to focus on individual aspects of fake news consumption, such as susceptibility to misinformation or partisan biases, leaving a gap in understanding the broader psychological mechanisms behind both the creation and dissemination of fake news. This systematic review aims to fill this gap by synthesizing current research on the psychological factors that influence social media users' involvement in dissemination and creation of fake news. Twenty-three studies were identified from 2014 to 2024 following the PRISMA guidelines. We have identified five themes through critical review and synthesis of the literature which are personal factors, ignorance, social factors, biological process, and cognitive process. These themes help to explain the psychological factors contributing to the creation and dissemination of fake news among social media users. Based on the findings, it is evident that diverse psychological factors influence the dissemination and creation of fake news, which must be studied to design better strategies to minimize this issue.

MeSH terms: Communication; Humans; Deception*
Exosome autoantibody biomarkers for detection of lung cancer

Thuya WL, Peyper JM, Myen TT, Anuar ND, Anwar A, Gudimella R, et al.

Mil Med Res, 2024 Nov 18;11(1):72.
PMID: 39558443 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-024-00575-y
Honeybee Venom: A Potential Source of Anticancer Components

Khor SXY, Khongphinitbunjong K, Owatworakit A, Mah SH, Tang YQ

Protein Pept Lett, 2024;31(10):796-805.
PMID: 39558497 DOI: 10.2174/0109298665339355241008104141

Cancer is a deadly disease that has claimed millions of lives worldwide. Traditional cancer treatments, such as chemotherapy and radiation, have been used for many years but have become less favored due to drug resistance, lack of tumor selectivity, high costs, and various side effects, such as fatigue and hair loss. Many studies have reported that animal venoms, such as those from snakes, scorpions, and bees, contain bioactive peptides that can be synthesized into anti-- cancer peptides (ACPs), which offer a potential alternative to traditional cancer therapies. Apitherapy is an area of growing interest for the development of new cancer treatments using bee venom, which is a complex mixture of biologically active peptides, enzymes, bioactive amines, and nonpeptide components that have been found to have anti-cancer properties. By leveraging these bioactive peptides, researchers could develop ACPs that are more targeted towards cancer cells, reducing the risk of adverse side effects and improving patient outcomes. The use of bee venom components in targeting cancer could provide a more selective, effective, and affordable approach to cancer therapy. While further research is needed, the potential benefits of using bee venom components in cancer therapy are significant and could help improve the lives of cancer patients worldwide. This study aims to review the components of bee venom as potential cancer treatments.

MeSH terms: Animals; Bees; Humans; Peptides/pharmacology; Peptides/therapeutic use; Peptides/chemistry
Harnessing bacterial antimicrobial peptides: a comprehensive review on properties, mechanisms, applications, and challenges in combating antimicrobial resistance

Erriah P, Puan SL, Yahaya NM, Kamil WNIWA, Nordin SA, Muhamad A, et al.

J Appl Microbiol, 2024 Nov 18.
PMID: 39558882 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a significant global health concern, due to the persistence of pathogens and the emergence of resistance in bacterial infections. Bacterial-derived antimicrobial peptides (BAMPs) have emerged as a promising strategy to combat these challenges. Known for their diversity and multifaceted nature, BAMPs are notable bioactive agents which exhibit potent antimicrobial activities against various pathogens. This review explores the intricate properties and underlying mechanisms of BAMPs, emphasizing their diverse applications in addressing AMR. Additionally, the review investigates the mechanisms, analyses the challenges in utilizing BAMPs effectively, and examines their potential applications and associated deployment challenges providing comprehensive insights into how BAMPs can be harnessed to combat AMR across different domains.
Sublingual Ectopic Thyroid Presenting with Congenital Hypothyroidism

Kashaf N'AFA, Lim CC, Kulasegarah J

Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 2024 Dec;76(6):6106-6110.
PMID: 39558985 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-024-04915-1
A Rare Manifestation of Cutaneous Metastasis from Laryngeal Carcinoma

Ariffin NINM, Dahari KASA, Gani NA, Mohamad I

Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 2024 Dec;76(6):5899-5901.
PMID: 39558993 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-024-04981-5

Cutaneous metastasis from laryngeal carcinoma is an uncommon occurrence. We reported a man with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma developed cutaneous metastasis on his neck and anterior chest wall after undergoing treatment. Thus, new skin lesions in laryngeal cancer patients may indicate cutaneous metastasis and it signifies poor prognosis.

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