METHODS: Forty male Wistar rats were divided into five groups (n = 8 each): negative control (NC) receiving food ad libitum without orchiectomized, positive control (PC) receiving daily testosterone enanthate injections, IF with 16/8 time-restricted feeding, PT with 1-h forced swimming sessions, and combined IF + PT. After 8 weeks, DHEA and testosterone levels, AR expression, gastrocnemius muscle histology, and body weight were assessed.
RESULTS: In comparison to the NC group (429.40 ± 26.86 g), body weight in the IF (348.90 ± 15.94 g, PT (391.40 ± 16.35 g), and IF + PT groups, (360.90 ± 29.90 g) was significantly lowered (p
METHODS: A 55 questions survey encompassing nine domains relevant to CeD care (awareness, gluten-free [GF] foods availability/cost/quality, GF labeling, CeD dietician availability, insurance for CeD patients, medical training, research funding, patient support groups, and unmet needs) was generated and sent to CeD experts worldwide electronically. Countries were stratified based on per capita income as high-income (HIC) and lower-income countries (LIC) (including upper-middle-, lower-middle-, and low-income countries). Survey responses were summarized as a single score using principal component analysis.
RESULTS: Valid responses were obtained from 131(37.4%) [HIC: 71; LIC: 60] of contacted CeD experts from 63 countries. Compared with HIC, LIC experts perceived worse availability (HIC:80% vs LIC: 47%; P
METHOD: This systematic review was registered on PROSPERO CRD42020211324. Eligible articles were selected from CINAHL, PsycINFO, EMBASE, PubMed and Science Direct. Original qualitative studies exploring parental perspectives on the influence of cultural values on the uptake of HPV vaccination by their daughters under the age of 18, published in the English language with no restriction dates were reviewed. Two authors independently screened abstracts, conducted the fill-text review, extracted information using a standardized form, and assessed study quality. A third author is needed to resolve the disagreements if necessary.
RESULTS: Of the 1552 citations, 22 were included, with information on 639 parents. Five themes emerged from the data: sexuality-related concerns; upbringing and moral values; obligation to protect; external influences; and vaccine-related concerns.
CONCLUSION: This systematic review is beneficial to identify and understand the culturally related facilitators and barriers to HPV vaccination among young women for the development of strategies to optimize HPV vaccine coverage among this population group by the policymakers.
METHODS AND RESULTS: Sixty-two individuals (24 SARC+LVH-, 24 HCM, and 14 matched controls) were evaluated with multi-parametric CMR including stimulated echo acquisition mode DT-CMR, and blinded quantitative 12-lead ECG analysis. Mean diastolic fractional anisotropy (FA) was reduced in HCM compared with SARC+LVH- and controls (0.49 ± 0.05 vs. 0.52 ± 0.04 vs. 0.53 ± 0.04, P = 0.009), even after adjustment for differences in extracellular volume (ECV) (P = 0.038). Both HCM and SARC+LVH- had segments with significantly reduced diastolic FA relative to controls (54 vs. 25 vs. 0%, P = 0.002). Multiple repolarization parameters were prolonged in HCM and SARC+LVH-, with corrected JT interval (JTc) being most significant (354 ± 42 vs. 356 ± 26 vs. 314 ± 26 ms, P = 0.002). Among SARC+LVH-, JTc duration correlated negatively with mean diastolic FA (r = -0.6, P = 0.002). In HCM, the JTc interval showed a stronger association with ECV (r = 0.6 P = 0.019) than with mean diastolic FA (r = -0.1 P = 0.72). JTc discriminated SARC+LVH- from controls [area under the receiver operator curve 0.88, confidence interval 0.76-1.00, P < 0.001], and in HCM correlated with the European Society of Cardiology HCM sudden cardiac death risk score (r = 0.5, P = 0.014).
CONCLUSION: Low diastolic FA, suggestive of myocardial disarray, is present in both SARC+LVH- and HCM. Low FA and raised ECV were associated with repolarization prolongation. Myocardial disarray assessment using DT-CMR and repolarization parameters such as the JTc interval demonstrate significant potential as markers of disease activity in HCM.
METHODS: A retrospective, single-centre cohort study was performed on all paediatric patients who had undergone laryngoscopy and LUS at Starship Children's Health in Auckland, NZ, between 2020 and 2023. An eight-question survey was also developed and distributed to better understand clinicians' use of LUS in their clinical practice to diagnose paediatric VFI globally.
RESULTS: Twenty-nine paediatric patients met the inclusion criteria. LUS demonstrated good sensitivity (80.95%) for detecting VFI and increased to 93.33% for the detection of unilateral VFI. Of the 87 respondents to the survey, 41.38% utilise LUS in their clinical practice in the paediatric population. The main barriers to implementation of LUS as identified by non-users were lack of equipment, expertise, and training.
CONCLUSIONS: These findings support the use of LUS as an accurate diagnostic tool for the detection of unilateral VFI. Further studies in non-surgical populations and in patients with bilateral VFI, as well as standardised guidelines for LUS technique and reporting, are required.
AIM OF THE STUDY: This study's primary aim was to investigate the effect of a cultivated fruiting body of O. sinensis strain (OCS02®) on airways patency and the secondary focus was to investigate its effect on the lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cultivated strain, OCS02®, was employed and the metabolic profile of its cold-water extract (CWE) was analysed through liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Organ bath approach was used to investigate the pharmacological properties of OCS02® CWE when applied on airway tissues obtained from adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. The airway relaxation mechanisms of OCS02® CWE were explored using pharmacological tools, where the key regulators in airway relaxation and constriction were investigated. For the longevity study, age-synchronised, pos-1 RNAi-treated wild-type type Caenorhabditis elegans at the L4 stage were utilised for a lifespan assay.
RESULTS: Various glycopeptides and amino acids, particularly a high concentration of L-arginine, were identified from the LC-MS analysis. In airway tissues, OCS02® CWE induced a significantly greater concentration-dependent relaxation when compared to salbutamol. The relaxation response was significantly attenuated in the presence of NG-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo [4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ) and several K+ channel blockers. The longevity effect induced by OCS02® CWE (5 mg/mL and above) was observed in C. elegans by at least 17%.
CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that the airway relaxation mechanisms of OCS02® CWE involved cGMP-dependent and cGMP-independent nitric oxide signalling pathways. This study provides evidence that the cultivated strain of OCS02® exhibits airway relaxation effects which supports the traditional use of its wild O. sinensis in strengthening respiratory health.