Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 38 in total

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  1. The effect of vitamin E on basic fibroblast growth factor level in human fibroblast cell culture
    Rashid SA, Halim AS, Muhammad NA
    Med J Malaysia, 2008 Jul;63 Suppl A:69-70.
    PMID: 19024988
    Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is angiogenic and effective in down-regulating excess collagen production. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of vitamin E (Tocotrienol Rich Fraction) in altering the level of bFGF, a cytokine involved in the scar formation process. In this model, normal human fibroblasts were treated with various concentrations of vitamin E at different time frames. The levels of bFGF were determined by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbant Assay (ELISA). This study demonstrated that Tocotrienol Rich Fraction (TRF) stimulated bFGF production by fibroblast and postulate that vitamin E may decrease aberrant scar formation.
  2. Fulltext Medullary carcinoma of the breast: Role of contrast-enhanced MRI in the diagnosis of multiple breast lesions
    Abdul Rashid S, Rahmat K, Jayaprasagam K, Alli K, Moosa F
    Biomed Imaging Interv J, 2009 Oct;5(4):e27.
    PMID: 21610994 MyJurnal DOI: 10.2349/biij.5.4.e27
    Medullary carcinoma is a rare breast carcinoma with a syncytial growth pattern and high-grade cytology. It can be difficult to diagnose and may be missed on conventional imaging as the findings may overlap with benign lesions i.e. fibroadenomas. The authors report a case of a 25-year-old female who presented with multifocal breast lumps diagnosed with medullary carcinoma and fibroadenomas. Imaging and pathological correlation with contrast-enhanced MRI are presented in the diagnosis of these lesions.
  3. Fulltext A rare case of an appendiceal mass masquerading as a pelvic tumour and causing bilateral hydronephrosis
    Abdul Rashid S, Ab Hamid S, Mohamad Saini S, Muridan R
    Biomed Imaging Interv J, 2012 Apr;8(2):e11.
    PMID: 22970067 MyJurnal DOI: 10.2349/biij.8.2.e11
    Diagnosing acute appendicitis in children can be difficult due to atypical presenting symptoms. While there are reported cases of acute appendicitis or appendiceal masses causing unilateral hydronephrosis, bilateral hydronephrosis as a complication of appendiceal mass is very rare. We report a case of a child who presented with cardinal symptomatology associated with the urogenital tract. Ultrasound (US) investigation showed a pelvic mass causing bilateral hydronephrosis. An initial diagnosis of a pelvic teratoma was made based on the US and computed tomography (CT) scan findings. The final diagnosis of an appendiceal mass causing bilateral hydronephrosis was established intraoperatively.
  4. Fulltext Walking on thin ice! Identifying methamphetamine "drug mules" on digital plain radiography
    Abdul Rashid SN, Mohamad Saini SB, Abdul Hamid S, Muhammad SJ, Mahmud R, Thali MJ, et al.
    Br J Radiol, 2014 Apr;87(1036):20130472.
    PMID: 24472728 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20130472
    The purpose of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of identifying methamphetamine (MA) internal payloads in "drug mules" by plain abdominal digital radiography (DR).
  5. Fulltext Dynamic response of tapered optical multimode fiber coated with carbon nanotubes for ethanol sensing application
    Shabaneh A, Girei S, Arasu P, Mahdi M, Rashid S, Paiman S, et al.
    Sensors (Basel), 2015;15(5):10452-64.
    PMID: 25946634 DOI: 10.3390/s150510452
    Ethanol is a highly combustible chemical universally designed for biomedical applications. In this paper, optical sensing performance of tapered multimode fiber tip coated with carbon nanotube (CNT) thin film towards aqueous ethanol with different concentrations is investigated. The tapered optical multimode fiber tip is coated with CNT using drop-casting technique and is annealed at 70 °C to enhance the binding of the nanomaterial to the silica fiber tip. The optical fiber tip and the CNT sensing layer are micro-characterized using FESEM and Raman spectroscopy techniques. When the developed sensor was exposed to different concentrations of ethanol (5% to 80%), the sensor reflectance reduced proportionally. The developed sensors showed high sensitivity, repeatability and fast responses (<55 s) towards ethanol.
  6. Fulltext Electrodeposition of Polypyrrole and Reduced Graphene Oxide onto Carbon Bundle Fibre as Electrode for Supercapacitor
    Abdul Bashid HA, Lim HN, Kamaruzaman S, Abdul Rashid S, Yunus R, Huang NM, et al.
    Nanoscale Res Lett, 2017 Dec;12(1):246.
    PMID: 28381070 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-017-2010-3
    A nanocomposite comprising of polypyrrole and reduced graphene oxide was electrodeposited onto a carbon bundle fibre (CBF) through a two-step approach (CBF/PPy-rGO-2). The CBF/PPy-rGO-2 had a highly porous structure compared to a nanocomposite of polypyrrole and reduced graphene oxide that was electrodeposited onto a CBF in a one-step approach (CBF/PPy-rGO), as observed through a field emission scanning electron microscope. An X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic analysis revealed the presence of hydrogen bond between the oxide functional groups of rGO and the amine groups of PPy in PPy-rGO-2 nanocomposite. The fabricated CBF/PPy-rGO-2 nanocomposite material was used as an electrode material in a symmetrical solid-state supercapacitor, and the device yielded a specific capacitance, energy density and power density of 96.16 F g(- 1), 13.35 Wh kg(- 1) and of 322.85 W kg(- 1), respectively. Moreover, the CBF/PPy-rGO-2 showed the capacitance retention of 71% after 500 consecutive charge/discharge cycles at a current density of 1 A g(- 1). The existence of a high degree of porosity in CBF/PPy-rGO-2 significantly improved the conductivity and facilitated the ionic penetration. The CBF/PPy-rGO-2-based symmetrical solid-state supercapacitor device demonstrated outstanding pliability because the cyclic voltammetric curves remained the same upon bending at various angles. Carbon bundle fibre modified with porous polypyrrole/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite for flexible miniature solid-state supercapacitor.
  7. Fulltext Microwave bio-sensor based on symmetrical split ring resonator with spurline filters for therapeutic goods detection
    Alahnomi RA, Zakaria Z, Ruslan E, Ab Rashid SR, Mohd Bahar AA, Shaaban A
    PLoS One, 2017;12(9):e0185122.
    PMID: 28934301 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185122
    A novel symmetrical split ring resonator (SSRR) based microwave sensor with spurline filters for detecting and characterizing the properties of solid materials has been developed. Due to the weak perturbation in the interaction of material under test (MUT) and planar microwave sensor, spurline filters were embedded to the SSRR microwave sensor which effectively enhanced Q-factor with suppressing the undesired harmonic frequency. The spurline filter structures force the presented sensor to resonate at a fundamental frequency of 2.2 GHz with the capabilities of suppressing rejected harmonic frequency and miniaturization in circuit size. A wide bandwidth rejection is achieved by using double spurlines filters with high Q-factor achievement (up to 652.94) compared to single spurline filter. The new SSRR sensor with spurline filters displayed desired properties such as high sensitivity, accuracy, and performance with a 1.3% typical percentage error in the measurement results. Furthermore, the sensor has been successfully applied for detecting and characterizing solid materials (such as Roger 5880, Roger 4350, and FR4) and evidently demonstrated that it can suppress the harmonic frequency effectively. This novel design with harmonic suppression is useful for various applications such as food industry (meat, fruit, vegetables), biological medicine (derived from proteins and other substances produced by the body), and Therapeutic goods (antiseptics, vitamins, anti-psychotics, and other medicines).
  8. Fulltext Priority Queue Based Reactive Buffer Management Policy for Delay Tolerant Network under City Based Environments
    Ayub Q, Ngadi A, Rashid S, Habib HA
    PLoS One, 2018;13(2):e0191580.
    PMID: 29438438 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191580
    Delay Tolerant Network (DTN) multi-copy routing protocols are privileged to create and transmit multiple copies of each message that causes congestion and some messages are dropped. This process is known as reactive drop because messages were dropped re-actively to overcome buffer overflows. The existing reactive buffer management policies apply a single metric to drop source, relay and destine messages. Hereby, selection to drop a message is dubious because each message as source, relay or destine may have consumed dissimilar magnitude of network resources. Similarly, DTN has included time to live (ttl) parameter which defines lifetime of message. Hence, when ttl expires then message is automatically destroyed from relay nodes. However, time-to-live (ttl) is not applicable on messages reached at their destinations. Moreover, nodes keep replicating messages till ttl expires even-though large number of messages has already been dispersed. In this paper, we have proposed Priority Queue Based Reactive Buffer Management Policy (PQB-R) for DTN under City Based Environments. The PQB-R classifies buffered messages into source, relay and destine queues. Moreover, separate drop metric has been applied on individual queue. The experiment results prove that proposed PQB-R has reduced number of messages transmissions, message drop and increases delivery ratio.
  9. Fulltext Diabetic endothelial colony forming cells have the potential for restoration with glycomimetics
    Langford-Smith AWW, Hasan A, Weston R, Edwards N, Jones AM, Boulton AJM, et al.
    Sci Rep, 2019 02 19;9(1):2309.
    PMID: 30783159 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-38921-z
    Endothelial colony forming progenitor cell (ECFC) function is compromised in diabetes, leading to poor vascular endothelial repair, which contributes to impaired diabetic foot ulcer healing. We have generated novel glycomimetic drugs with protective effects against endothelial dysfunction. We investigated the effect of glycomimetic C3 on the functional capacity of diabetic ECFCs. ECFCs were isolated from healthy controls and patients with diabetes with neuroischaemic (NI) or neuropathic (NP) foot ulcers. Functionally, diabetic ECFCs demonstrated delayed colony formation (p 
  10. Cellulose Supported Pd(II) Complex Catalyzed Carbon-Carbon Bonds Formation
    Sarkar SM, Rashid SS, Karim KMR, Mustapha SNH, Lian YM, Zamri N, et al.
    J Nanosci Nanotechnol, 2019 05 01;19(5):2856-2861.
    PMID: 30501791 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2019.16289
    Corn-cobs are an agro-industrial waste and composed of cellulose mostly. In this study cellulose was isolated from the waste corn-cobs and modified to polymeric hydroxamic acid palladium complex 1 and characterized by using a variety of spectroscopic methods such as field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). The complex 1 exhibited high catalytic activity towards Suzuki and Heck coupling reactions of activated and deactivated aryl halides to give the respective coupling products with high yield. Moreover, the complex 1 was recovered and recycled five times with no considerable loss of catalytic overall performance.
  11. Fulltext Facile Synthesis of Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Dots from Lignocellulosic Waste
    Abdullah Issa M, Z Abidin Z, Sobri S, Rashid S, Adzir Mahdi M, Azowa Ibrahim N, et al.
    Nanomaterials (Basel), 2019 Oct 22;9(10).
    PMID: 31652527 DOI: 10.3390/nano9101500
    The current research mainly focuses on transforming low-quality waste into value-added nanomaterials and investigating various ways of utilising them. The hydrothermal preparation of highly fluorescent N-doped carbon dots (N-CDs) was obtained from the carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) of oil palm empty fruit bunches and linear-structured polyethyleneimines (LPEI). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis showed that the obtained N-CDs had an average size of 3.4 nm. The N-CDs were monodispersed in aqueous solution and were strongly fluorescent under the irradiation of ultra-violet light. A detailed description of the morphology and shape was established using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). It was shown that LPEI were successfully tuned the fluorescence (PL) properties of CDs in both the intrinsic and surface electronic structures, and enhanced the quantum yield (QY) up to 44%. The obtained N-CDs exhibited remarkable PL stability, long lifetime and pH-dependence behaviour, with the excitation/emission maxima of 350/465.5 nm. Impressively, PL enhancement and blue-shifted emission could be seen with the dilution of the original N-CDs solution. The obtained N-CDs were further applied as fluorescent probe for the identification of Cu2+ in aqueous media. The mechanism could be attributed to the particularly high thermodynamic affinity of Cu2+ for the N-chelate groups over the surface of N-CDs and the fast metal-to-ligand binding kinetics. The linear relationship between the relative quenching rate and the concentration of Cu2+ were applied between 1-30 µM, with a detection limit of 0.93 µM. The fluorescent probe was successfully applied for the detection of Cu2+ in real water. Moreover, a solid-state film of N-CDs was prepared in the presence of poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) polymer and found to be stable even after 72-h of continuous irradiation to UV-lamp. In contrast to the aqueous N-CDs, the composite film showed only an excitation independent property, with enhanced PL QY of around 47%. Due to the strong and stable emission nature of N-CDs in both aqueous and solid conditions, the obtained N-CDs are ideal for reducing the overall preparation costs and applying them for various biological and environmental applications in the future.
  12. Fulltext The Scales Project, a cross-national dataset on the interpretation of thermal perception scales
    Schweiker M, Abdul-Zahra A, André M, Al-Atrash F, Al-Khatri H, Alprianti RR, et al.
    Sci Data, 2019 11 26;6(1):289.
    PMID: 31772199 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-019-0272-6
    Thermal discomfort is one of the main triggers for occupants' interactions with components of the built environment such as adjustments of thermostats and/or opening windows and strongly related to the energy use in buildings. Understanding causes for thermal (dis-)comfort is crucial for design and operation of any type of building. The assessment of human thermal perception through rating scales, for example in post-occupancy studies, has been applied for several decades; however, long-existing assumptions related to these rating scales had been questioned by several researchers. The aim of this study was to gain deeper knowledge on contextual influences on the interpretation of thermal perception scales and their verbal anchors by survey participants. A questionnaire was designed and consequently applied in 21 language versions. These surveys were conducted in 57 cities in 30 countries resulting in a dataset containing responses from 8225 participants. The database offers potential for further analysis in the areas of building design and operation, psycho-physical relationships between human perception and the built environment, and linguistic analyses.
  13. Fulltext Study the effect of various wash-coated metal oxides over synthesized carbon nanofibers coated monolith substrates
    Malekbala MR, Soltani S, Abdul Rashid S, Abdullah LC, Choong TSY
    PLoS One, 2019;14(7):e0219936.
    PMID: 31365558 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219936
    In this research work, carbon nanofibers (CNFs) were synthesized on honeycomb monolith substrates using injection chemical vapor deposition (ICVD) technique. The effect of various wash-coated materials and catalyst promoter on the growth rate of CNFs on monolith substrates were examined. The characteristics of the synthesized CNFs-coated monolith composites were examined using Raman spectroscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. According to the textural characterization study, the specific surface area and pore volume of CNFs-coated monolith composites were significantly improved as compared to bare monolith which might be attributed to the growth of highly pure and aligned CNFs over monolith substrate. Besides that, the synthesized CNFs-coated monolith possessed extremely well thermal stability up to the temperature of 550 °C which was corresponded to the strong attachment of highly graphitized CNFs over monolith substrates.
  14. Fulltext Publisher Correction: The Scales Project, a cross-national dataset on the interpretation of thermal perception scales
    Schweiker M, Abdul-Zahra A, André M, Al-Atrash F, Al-Khatri H, Alprianti RR, et al.
    Sci Data, 2020 01 06;7(1):11.
    PMID: 31907360 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-019-0348-3
    An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
  15. Fulltext Eco-Friendly Sustainable Fluorescent Carbon Dots for the Adsorption of Heavy Metal Ions in Aqueous Environment
    Yahaya Pudza M, Zainal Abidin Z, Abdul Rashid S, Md Yasin F, Noor ASM, Issa MA
    Nanomaterials (Basel), 2020 Feb 12;10(2).
    PMID: 32059384 DOI: 10.3390/nano10020315
    The materials and substances required for sustainable water treatment by adsorption technique, are still being researched widely by distinguished classes of researchers. Thus, the need to synthesize substances that can effectively clean up pollutants from the environment cannot be overemphasized. So far, materials in bulk forms that are rich in carbon, such as biochar and varieties of activated carbon have been used for various adsorptive purposes. The use of bulk materials for such purposes are not efficient due to minimal surface areas available for adsorption. This study explores the adsorption task at nano dimension using carbon dots (CDs) from tapioca. The properties of carbon structure and its influence on the adsorptive efficacy of carbon nanoparticles were investigated by energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HrTEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The results implied carbon present in CDs are good adsorbents for effective adsorption of heavy metal ions (lead) with removal efficiency of 80.6% in aqueous environment. The adsorption process as explored by both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms have proven favorability of the adsorption process. Langmuir form two and three have correlation coefficients R2 at 0.9922 and 0.9912, respectively. The Freundlich isotherm confirms CDs as having defined surface heterogeneity and the exponential distribution of active sites. The adsorption of lead unto CDs obeyed the second order kinetic model with coefficient of determination, R2 of 0.9668 and 0.9996 at an initial lead concentration of 20 mg/L and 100 mg/L, respectively. The findings validated the efficiency of CDs derived from tapioca as an excellent material for further utilization in the environmental fields of wastewater pollution detection and clean up, bio-imaging, and chemical sensing applications.
  16. Selective and simultaneous detection of cadmium, lead and copper by tapioca-derived carbon dot-modified electrode
    Pudza MY, Abidin ZZ, Abdul-Rashid S, Yasin FM, Noor ASM, Abdullah J
    Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2020 Apr;27(12):13315-13324.
    PMID: 32020456 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-07695-7
    The need for the sensing of environmental pollutants cannot be overemphasized in the twenty-first century. Herein, a sensor has been developed for the sensitive and selective detection of copper (Cu2+), lead (Pb2+) and cadmium (Cd2+) as major heavy metals polluting water environment. A screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) modified by fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) was successfully fabricated for sensing Cu2+, Pb2+ and Cd2+. Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) were deployed for the analysis of ternary analytes. CV was set at a potential range of - 0.8 to + 0.2 V at a scan rate of 100 mV/s, and DPV at a potential range of - 0.8 to + 0.1 V, scan rate of 50 mV/s, pulse rate of 0.2 V and pulse width of 50 ms. DPV technique was applied through the modified electrode for sensitive and selective determination of Cu2+, Pb2+ and Cd2+ at a concentration range of 0.01 to 0.27 ppm for Cu2+, Pb2+ and Cd2+. Tolerance for the highest possible concentration of foreign substances such as Mg2+, K+, Na+, NO3-, and SO42- was observed with a relative error less than ± 3%. The sensitivity of the modified electrode was at 0.17, 0.42 and 0.18 ppm for Cd2+, Pb2+ and Cu2+, respectively, while the limits of detection (LOD) achieved for cadmium, lead and copper were 0.0028, 0.0042 and 0.014 ppm, respectively. The quality of the modified electrode for sensing Cu2+, Pb2+ and Cd2+ at trace levels is in accordance with the World Health Organization (WHO) and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) water regulation standard. The modified SPCE provides a cost-effective, dependable and stable means of detecting heavy metal ions (Cu2+, Pb2+ and Cd2+) in an aqueous solution. Graphical abstract .
  17. Fulltext Optimization the Process of Chemically Modified Carbon Nanofiber Coated Monolith via Response Surface Methodology for CO2 Capture
    Malekbala MR, Soltani S, Abdul Rashid S, Abdullah LC, Rashid U, Nehdi IA, et al.
    Materials (Basel), 2020 Apr 10;13(7).
    PMID: 32290065 DOI: 10.3390/ma13071775
    In the present study, a sequence of experiments was performed to assess the influence of the key process parameters on the formation of a carbon nanofiber-coated monolith (CNFCM), using a four-level factorial design in response surface methodology (RSM). The effect of reaction temperature, hydrocarbon flow rate, catalyst and catalyst promoter were examined using RSM to enhance the formation yield of CNFs on a monolith substrate. To calculate carbon yield, a quadratic polynomial model was modified through multiple regression analysis and the best possible reaction conditions were found as follows: a reaction temperature of 800 °C, furfuryl alcohol flow of 0.08525 mL/min, ferrocene catalyst concentration of 2.21 g. According to the characterization study, the synthesized CNFs showed a high graphitization which were uniformly distributed on a monolith substrate. Besides this, the feasibility of carbon dioxide (CO2) adsorption from the gaseous mixture (N2/CO2) under a range of experimental conditions was investigated at monolithic column. To get the most out of the CO2 capture, an as-prepared sample was post-modified using ammonia. Furthermore, a deactivation model (DM) was introduced for the purpose of studying the breakthrough curves. The CO2 adsorption onto CNFCM was experimentally examined under following operating conditions: a temperature of 30-50 °C, pressure of 1-2 bar, flow rate of 50-90 mL/min, and CO2 feed amount of 10-40 vol.%. A lower adsorption capacity and shorter breakthrough time were detected by escalating the temperature. On the other hand, the capacity for CO2 adsorption increased by raising the CO2 feed amount, feed flow rate, and operating pressure. The comparative evaluation of CO2 uptake over unmodified and modified CNFCM adsorbents confirmed that the introduced modification procedure caused a substantial improvement in CO2 adsorption.
  18. Effect of gasotransmitters treatment on expression of hypertension, vascular and cardiac remodeling and hypertensive nephropathy genes in left ventricular hypertrophy
    Ahmad A, Riaz Z, Sattar MA, Khan SA, John EJ, Rashid S, et al.
    Gene, 2020 May 05;737:144479.
    PMID: 32068124 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144479
    BACKGROUND: Cardiac and renal dysfunction are often co-morbid pathologies leading to worsening prognosis resulting in difficulty in therapy of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). The aim of the current study was to determine the changes in expression of human ortholog genes of hypertension, vascular and cardiac remodeling and hypertensive nephropathy phenotypes under normal, disease and upon treatment with gasotransmitter including H2S (hydrogen sulphide), NO (nitric oxide) and combined (H2S + NO).

    METHODS: A total of 72 Wistar Kyoto rats (with equivalent male and female animals) were recruited in the present study where LVH rat models were treated with H2S and NO individually as well as with both combined. Cardiac and renal physical indices were recorded and relative gene expression were quantified.

    RESULTS: Both cardiac and renal physical indices were significantly modified with individual as well as combined H2S + NO treatment in control and LVH rats. Expression analysis revealed, hypertension, vascular remodeling genes ACE, TNFα and IGF1, mRNAs to be significantly higher (P ≤ 0.05) in the myocardia and renal tissues of LVH rats, while individual and combined H2S + NO treatment resulted in lowering the gene expression to normal/near to normal levels. The cardiac remodeling genes MYH7, TGFβ, SMAD4 and BRG1 expression were significantly up-regulated (P ≤ 0.05) in the myocardia of LVH where the combined H2S + NO treatment resulted in normal/near to normal expression more effectively as compared to individual treatments. In addition individual as well as combined H2S and NO treatment significantly decreased PKD1 expression in renal tissue, which was up-regulated in LVH rats (P ≤ 0.05).

    CONCLUSIONS: The reduction in hemodynamic parameters and cardiac indices as well as alteration in gene expression on treatment of LVH rat model indicates important therapeutic potential of combined treatment with H2S + NO gasotransmitters in hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy when present as co-morbidity with renal complications.

  19. Decoding death by unknown causes using post mortem image-guided virtopsy: A review of recent literature and the Malaysian experience
    Tawfiq Zyoud TY, Abdul Rashid SN, Suppiah S, Abdul Rahim E, Mahmud R
    Med J Malaysia, 2020 07;75(4):411-418.
    PMID: 32724006
    INTRODUCTION: Autopsy is one of the most important approaches to identify clearly the exact cause of death, whether it was due to natural causes, sudden death, or traumatic. Various studies have been done in different countries regarding ways to improve the diagnosis during autopsy. The imaging approach is one of the methods that has been used to complement autopsy findings and to enhance the diagnosis for achieving the most accurate post-mortem diagnosis. The aim of this study is to identify the role of imaging modalities that complement routine autopsy and correlate the findings of diagnostic imaging that can help improve the accuracy of diagnosing the cause of death.

    METHODS: We sourced articles from Scopus, Ovid and PubMed databases for journal publications related to post-mortem diagnostic imaging. We highlight the most relevant full articles in English that explain the type of modality that was utilised and the added value it provided for diagnosing the cause of death.

    RESULTS: Minimally invasive autopsies assisted by imaging modalities added a great benefit to forensic medicine, and supported conventional autopsy. In particular the role of post mortem computed tomography (PMCT), post mortem computed tomography angiography (PMMR) and positron emission tomography computed tomography (PMCTA) that have incremental benefits in diagnosing traumatic death, fractures, tissue injuries, as well as the assessment of body height or weight for corpse identification.

    CONCLUSION: PMCT and PMMR, with particular emphasis on PMCTA, can provide higher accuracy than the other modalities. They can be regarded as indispensable methods that should be applied to the routine autopsy protocol, thus improving the findings and accuracy of diagnosing the cause of death.

  20. Fulltext Development and Validation of a Questionnaire on Knowledge, Attitude, and Perception Towards Allergic Reactions of Paracetamol
    Dellemin NA, Zahari Z, Ahmad Hassali MA, Abdul Rashid S
    J Pharm Bioallied Sci, 2020 10 08;12(4):428-435.
    PMID: 33679089 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.JPBS_247_19
    Introduction: National Pharmaceutical Regulatory Agency, Ministry of Health Malaysia has received 1018 adverse drug reaction reports related to paracetamol with 1972 adverse events from the year 2000 to February 2015. Serious skin reactions including Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), toxic epidermal necrolysis, and acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis may develop as a result of allergic reactions of paracetamol. This study aimed to develop and validate a questionnaire regarding Knowledge, Attitude, and Perception towards Allergic Reactions of Paracetamol (KAP-ARP) among the general population.

    Materials and Methods: Content and face validity of the KAP-ARP were determined by four experts and 20 respondents, respectively. A questionnaire with 36 items, consisting of 16 Knowledge, 9 Attitude, and 11 Perception items, was distributed to 177 respondents. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was performed for construct validity. Cronbach's alpha was used to determine the reliability of the questionnaire.

    Results: EFA constructed 13 Knowledge, 8 Attitude, and 8 Perception items. The final KAP-ARP questionnaire is reliable based on its internal consistency reliability (Knowledge: α = 0.78; Attitude: α = 0.63; Perception: α = 0.70).

    Conclusion: A valid and reliable questionnaire that is useful for measuring KAP-ARP among the general population has been developed.

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