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The application of chemometrics in metals source of identification in Brunei Bay surface sediment

Ong MC, Yong JC, Shaari H, Joseph B, Shazili NAM, Pradit S, et al.

Environ Geochem Health, 2023 Jun;45(6):3777-3787.
PMID: 36574138 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-022-01456-w

Brunei Bay is a unique ecosystem which offers a vast biodiversity. This study was carried out to define the source of metals in the surface sediment of Brunei Bay to ensure the bay's health. The secondary data were analysed using chemometrics analysis to verify the possible factors that influence metals distribution in Brunei Bay sediment. Samples were collected several times during 2013 to 2014 using Ponar grab at 16 stations within the bay. Samples were then dried, pre-treated, digested and analysed using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICPMS) in the laboratory. Overall, the mean concentration of metal, sediment pH and clay fraction were significantly changed during different sampling periods, as the changes were presumed affected by seasonal changes. The Pearson correlation has pointed that metals were dominantly derived by natural input; however, the total organic carbon was proven to be derived by anthropogenic sources. Moreover, the principal component analysis has verified that the distribution of metals in the bay's sediment was dominantly influenced by natural processes. However, the utilization and manipulation of marine resources are slightly affecting the bay's ecosystem which may deteriorate the ecosystem health soon.

Matched MeSH terms: Bays
Fulltext A new genus and species of arboreal toad with phytotelmonous larvae, from the Andaman Islands, India (Lissamphibia, Anura, Bufonidae)

Chandramouli SR, Vasudevan K, Harikrishnan S, Dutta SK, Janani SJ, Sharma R, et al.

Zookeys, 2016.
PMID: 26877687 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.555.6522

A new bufonid amphibian, belonging to a new monotypic genus, is described from the Andaman Islands, in the Bay of Bengal, Republic of India, based on unique external morphological and skeletal characters which are compared with those of known Oriental and other relevant bufonid genera. Blythophryne gen. n. is distinguished from other bufonid genera by its small adult size (mean SVL 24.02 mm), the presence of six presacral vertebrae, an absence of coccygeal expansions, presence of an elongated pair of parotoid glands, expanded discs at digit tips and phytotelmonous tadpoles that lack oral denticles. The taxonomic and phylogenetic position of the new taxon (that we named as Blythophryne beryet gen. et sp. n.) was ascertained by comparing its 12S and 16S partial genes with those of Oriental and other relevant bufonid lineages. Resulting molecular phylogeny supports the erection of a novel monotypic genus for this lineage from the Andaman Islands of India.

Matched MeSH terms: Bays
Reclamation of Hexavalent Chromium from Electroplating Effluents by Electroextraction

Revathi M, Sivagaami Sundari G, Ahmed Basha C, Alam M, Sagadevan S, Ahmad N

J Nanosci Nanotechnol, 2020 10 01;20(10):6547-6554.
PMID: 32385012 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2020.18562

This investigation aims at the reclamation of Cr(VI) from synthetic electroplating industrial effluent by electroextraction process namely electrochemical ion exchange (EIX). An electrochemical ion exchange reactor of desired dimensions was fabricated with the help of ion-permeable membranes, stainless steel cathode and PbO₂ coated Ti expanded mesh anode. The performance of the reactor was studied in batch recirculation mode, continuous flow mode at different experimental conditions. The influence of various experimental factors, for instance, initial metal ion concentration (20, 300, 1000 mg/L of Cr(VI)), applied voltages (2.5 V, 5 V, 7.5 V, 10 V) and flow rates of the process stream (2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 14 ml/min) on removal/reclamation efficiency was deliberated. For comparison purposes, an electrodialysis process was conducted at the same optimal conditions. It was found that the EIX process with three compartments has more removal efficiency at optimum experimental conditions than the electrodialysis process. The continuous flow process of the reactor with 300 mg/L of Cr(VI) as inlet concentration has studied to predict the breakeven point of the reactor. It was noted that Cr(VI) ion concentration in the treated wastewater is almost zero up to the discharge of 20 liters of treated rinse water.

Matched MeSH terms: Bays
Fulltext Analysis of fill time and injection pressure of multiple 20 gram Parisons during injection moulding process

Najiy Rizal Suriani Rizal, Azuddin Mamat, Aidah Jumahat

Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2017;25(103):233-240.
MyJurnal

In recent years, injection moulding process is one of the most advanced and efficient manufacturing processes for mass production of plastic bottles. However, a good quality of parison is difficult to achieve due to uncontrollable humidity, pressure inlet and water inlet velocity. This paper investigates the effect of using multiple mould cavities to improve the process fill time and injection pressure in the production of PET plastic bottles using MoldFlow software. The modelling of parison was developed using CATIA with the consideration of every part of the parison. MoldFlow software was used to analyse the flow of 20 g parison with different cavity numbers (1, 8, 16, 24 cavity), as well as its corresponding runner size towards its fill time and injection pressure. Other important parameters that affect the production of parison, such as melting temperature, mould temperature, atmospheric temperature and cooling time, were remained constant. The fill time required to produce 24 moulds was improved by 60% compared to using 8 mould cavity only, and this enable the production of more plastic bottles in a day. Therefore, fill time and injection pressure are two important parameters to be considered in the injection moulding process, especially to reduce parison defect and increase its production rate.

Matched MeSH terms: Bays
Fulltext Efficient model selection of collector efficiency in solar dryer using hybrid of LASSO and robust regression

Javaid, Anam, Mohd. Tahir Ismail, Ali, Majid Khan Majahar

Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2020;28(1):193-210.
MyJurnal

There are many variables involved in the real life problem so it is difficult to choose an efficient model out of all possible models relating to analytical factors. Interaction terms affecting the model also need to be addressed because of its vital role in the actual dataset. The current study focused on efficient model selection for collector efficiency of solar dryer. For this purpose, collector efficiency of solar dryer was used as a dependent variable with time, inlet temperature, collector average temperature and solar radiation as independent variables. Hybrid of the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and robust regression were proposed for the identification of efficient model selection. The comparison was made with the ordinary least square (OLS) after performing a multicollinearity and coefficient test and with a ridge regression analysis. The final selected model was obtained using eight selection criteria (8SC). To forecast the efficient model, the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) was used. As compared to other methods, the proposed method provides a more efficient model with minimum MAPE.

Matched MeSH terms: Bays
Composition and diversity of larval fish in the mangrove estuarine area of Marudu Bay, Sabah, Malaysia

Rezagholinejad S, Arshad A, Amin SMN, Ara R

J Environ Biol, 2016 07;37(4 Spec No):697-703.
PMID: 28779728

The composition of fish larvae and their diversity in different habitats are very important for fisheries management. Larval fishes were investigated in a mangrove estuary of Marudu Bay, Sabah, Malaysia from October 2012 to September 2013 at five different sites. Monthly samples of fish larvae were collected at five sampling sites by a plankton net with a mouth opening of 40.5 cm in diameter. In total, 3879 larval fish were caught in the investigated area. The mean density of ichthyoplankton at this area was 118 larvae/100 m(3). The fish larval assemblage comprised of 20 families whereas 13 families occurred at St1, 16 at St2, 16 at St3, 12 at St4 and 16 at St5. The top major families were Sillaginidae, Engraulidae, Mugilidae and Sparidae with Sillaginidae consisted 44% of total larval composition. St3 with 143 larvae/100 m(3) had the highest density amongst the stations which was due to higher abundance of Sillaginidae. Shannon-Wiener diversity index represented significant variation during monsoon and inter-monsoon seasons, peaking in the months December-January and May-June. However, Shannon-Wiener index, evenness and family richness showed significant differences among stations and months (p < 0.05).

Matched MeSH terms: Bays*
Fulltext Systematic Study of Some Epiphytic Algae (Non-diatoms) on the Submerged Parts of Water Hyacinth [Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms-Loubach] Found in Laguna de Bay, Philippines

Arguelles ED

Trop Life Sci Res, 2019 Jan;30(1):1-21.
PMID: 30847030 DOI: 10.21315/tlsr2019.30.1.1

Taxonomic study on the composition of epiphytic algae living on submerged leaf and root tissues of macrophyte Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms-Loubach, found at Laguna de Bay, Philippines was conducted. In total, 21 algal taxa were identified: seven Cyanophyceae, six Euglenophyceae, five Chlorophyceae, two Trebouxiophyceae and one Klebsormidiophyceae. Of these taxa, the occurrence of two rare cyanobacteria, Pseudanabaena minima (G.S. An) Anagnostidis and Synechococcus nidulans (Pringsheim) Komárek are reported for the first time in the Philippines. Two species are also reported here for the first time in the Philippines based on current taxonomic nomenclature and these are Pseudopediastrum boryanum (Turpin) E. Hegewald, Phormidium granulatum (Gardner) Anagnostidis which were based on the former names of Pediastrum boryanum (Turpin) Meneghini and Oscillatoria granulata Gardner, respectively. These taxonomic records are considered important basal information in enriching the knowledge about the diversity and habitat distribution of cyanobacteria and microalgae on macrophytes found in freshwater habitats in the Philippines.

Matched MeSH terms: Bays
Fulltext Pressure reduction on blood flow in aorta coronary sinus conduit

Siti Aslina Hussain, Tan, Hong Tat, Mohd Ismail Abdul Hamid, Norhafizah Abdullah, Azni Idris

Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2012;20(2):347-353.
MyJurnal

Numerical studies of blood flow system of aorta coronary sinus conduit were carried out using ANSYSTMCFD simulation. A different model of conduit, which differs in the inlet diameter, was investigated. Theinvestigated inlet diameters are 3 mm, 4 mm and 5 mm. Pressure drop from 80 mmHg to 15 mmHgwas achieved for all the models. The comparison chart was produced to compare the pattern of pressurereduction as well as velocity distribution in each model. From the analysis of coronary sinus conduit,it was found that a narrow tube needs to be incorporated into the conduit produced. This is to inducea venturi effect to reduce the pressure drop of blood within a specific throat length. As conclusion, amodel of 3 mm inlet and a throat diameter of 1.13 mm show satisfactory result for pressure reductionfrom 80 mmHg to 15 mmHg. This particular model also has a lower peak velocity at the inlet zone ofthe throat section, which is more preferable in terms of Reynolds number.

Matched MeSH terms: Bays
Fulltext Microfluidics Chip for Directional Solvent Extraction Desalination of Seawater

Abdulbari HA, Basheer EAM

Sci Rep, 2019 08 29;9(1):12576.
PMID: 31467344 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49071-7

Directional solvent extraction is one of the promising membrane-less seawater desalination method. This technique was not extensively investigated due the poor mixing and separation performances of its bench-scale system. It is believed that, overcoming these drawbacks is possible now with the rapid development of microfluidics technology that enabled high-precession micro mixing and separation. This work presents microfluidics chip for extracting and separating salt from seawater. The chip was designed with two sections for extraction and separation. In both sections, the liquids were separated using capillary channels perpendicular to the main stream. The main channels were designed to be 400 µm in width and 100 µm in height. Two streams inlets were introduced through a Y-junction containing octanoic acid as the organic phase and saltwater as the aqueous phase. The desalination performance was investigated at four different temperatures and five different solvent flow rates. Water product salinity was recorded to be as low as 0.056% (w/w) at 60 °C and 40 mL/h. A maximum water yield of 5.2% was achieved at 65 °C and 40 mL/h with a very low solvent residual (70 ppm). The chip mass transfer efficiency was recorded to be as high as 68% under similar conditions. The fabricated microfluidic desalination system showed a significant improvement in terms of water yield and separation efficiency over the conventional macroscale. The high performance of this microsystem resulted from its ability to achieve a high mixing efficiency and separate phases selectively and that will provide a good platform in the near future to develop small desalination kits for personal use.

Matched MeSH terms: Bays
Fulltext Macroalgae in biomonitoring of metal pollution in the Bay of Bengal coastal waters of Cox's Bazar and surrounding areas

Rakib MRJ, Jolly YN, Dioses-Salinas DC, Pizarro-Ortega CI, De-la-Torre GE, Khandaker MU, et al.

Sci Rep, 2021 10 25;11(1):20999.
PMID: 34697391 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99750-7

Although coastal water marine algae have been popularly used by others as indicators of heavy metal pollution, data within the Bay of Bengal for the estuarine Cox's Bazar region and Saint Martin's Island has remained scarce. Using marine algae, the study herein forms an effort in biomonitoring of metal contamination in the aforementioned Bangladesh areas. A total of 10 seaweed species were collected, including edible varieties, analyzed for metal levels through the use of the technique of EDXRF. From greatest to least, measured mean metal concentrations in descending order have been found to be K > Fe > Zr > Br > Sr > Zn > Mn > Rb > Cu > As > Pb > Cr > Co. Potential toxic heavy metals such as Pb, As, and Cr appear at lower concentration values compared to that found for essential mineral elements. However, the presence of Pb in Sargassum oligocystum species has been observed to exceed the maximum international guidance level. Given that some of the algae species are cultivated for human consumption, the non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic indices were calculated, shown to be slightly lower than the maxima recommended by the international organizations. Overall, the present results are consistent with literature data suggesting that heavy metal macroalgae biomonitoring may be species-specific. To the best of our knowledge, this study represents the first comprehensive macroalgae biomonitoring study of metal contamination from the coastal waters of Cox's Bazar and beyond.

Matched MeSH terms: Bays
Fulltext Augmenting CO2 Absorption Flux through a Gas-Liquid Membrane Module by Inserting Carbon-Fiber Spacers

Chen L, Ho CD, Jen LY, Lim JW, Chen YH

Membranes (Basel), 2020 Oct 22;10(11).
PMID: 33105658 DOI: 10.3390/membranes10110302

We investigated the insertion of eddy promoters into a parallel-plate gas-liquid polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membrane contactor to effectively enhance carbon dioxide absorption through aqueous amine solutions (monoethanolamide-MEA). In this study, a theoretical model was established and experimental work was performed to predict and to compare carbon dioxide absorption efficiency under concurrent- and countercurrent-flow operations for various MEA feed flow rates, inlet CO2 concentrations, and channel design conditions. A Sherwood number's correlated expression was formulated, incorporating experimental data to estimate the mass transfer coefficient of the CO2 absorption in MEA flowing through a PTFE membrane. Theoretical predictions were calculated and validated through experimental data for the augmented CO2 absorption efficiency by inserting carbon-fiber spacers as an eddy promoter to reduce the concentration polarization effect. The study determined that a higher MEA feed rate, a lower feed CO2 concentration, and wider carbon-fiber spacers resulted in a higher CO2 absorption rate for concurrent- and countercurrent-flow operations. A maximum of 80% CO2 absorption efficiency enhancement was found in the device by inserting carbon-fiber spacers, as compared to that in the empty channel device. The overall CO2 absorption rate was higher for countercurrent operation than that for concurrent operation. We evaluated the effectiveness of power utilization in augmenting the CO2 absorption rate by inserting carbon-fiber spacers in the MEA feed channel and concluded that the higher the flow rate, the lower the power utilization's effectiveness. Therefore, to increase the CO2 absorption flux, widening carbon-fiber spacers was determined to be more effective than increasing the MEA feed flow rate.

Matched MeSH terms: Bays
Basaloid Squamous Cell Carcinoma: An Unusual Ball-Valve Laryngeal Obstruction

Tan SH, Hindi KW, Chandran PA, Chong AW

Iran J Otorhinolaryngol, 2015 May;27(80):243-6.
PMID: 26082908

INTRODUCTION: A rare case of basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC) of the larynx, which has not been previously reported, is described.
CASE REPORT: A 60-year-old man was presented to the Otolaryngology Department with progressive dyspnoea and dysphagia to solids for over a period of 1 week. Direct laryngoscopy revealed a tumour at the laryngeal aspect of the epiglottis, which prolapsed into the laryngeal inlet each time the patient inspired. This resulted in an inspiratory stridor despite adequate glottic opening and normal mobility of the vocal cords.
CONCLUSION: Therefore, in cases where a ball-valve lesion causes intermittent life-threatening airway obstruction, BSCC of the larynx, though rare, must be considered as a differential diagnosis.

Matched MeSH terms: Bays
Fulltext Status of the undisturbed mangroves at Brunei Bay, East Malaysia: a preliminary assessment based on remote sensing and ground-truth observations

Satyanarayana B, M Muslim A, Izzaty Horsali NA, Mat Zauki NA, Otero V, Nadzri MI, et al.

PeerJ, 2018;6:e4397.
PMID: 29479500 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4397

Brunei Bay, which receives freshwater discharge from four major rivers, namely Limbang, Sundar, Weston and Menumbok, hosts a luxuriant mangrove cover in East Malaysia. However, this relatively undisturbed mangrove forest has been less scientifically explored, especially in terms of vegetation structure, ecosystem services and functioning, and land-use/cover changes. In the present study, mangrove areal extent together with species composition and distribution at the four notified estuaries was evaluated through remote sensing (Advanced Land Observation Satellite-ALOS) and ground-truth (Point-Centred Quarter Method-PCQM) observations. As of 2010, the total mangrove cover was found to be ca. 35,183.74 ha, of which Weston and Menumbok occupied more than two-folds (58%), followed by Sundar (27%) and Limbang (15%). The medium resolution ALOS data were efficient for mapping dominant mangrove species such asNypa fruticans,Rhizophora apiculata,Sonneratia caseolaris,S. albaandXylocarpus granatumin the vicinity (accuracy: 80%). The PCQM estimates found a higher basal area at Limbang and Menumbok-suggestive of more mature vegetation, compared to Sundar and Weston. Mangrove stand structural complexity (derived from the complexity index) was also high in the order of Limbang > Menumbok > Sundar > Weston and supporting the perspective of less/undisturbed vegetation at two former locations. Both remote sensing and ground-truth observations have complementarily represented the distribution ofSonneratiaspp. as pioneer vegetation at shallow river mouths,N. fruticansin the areas of strong freshwater discharge,R. apiculatain the areas of strong neritic incursion andX. granatumat interior/elevated grounds. The results from this study would be able to serve as strong baseline data for future mangrove investigations at Brunei Bay, including for monitoring and management purposes locally at present.

Matched MeSH terms: Bays
Discharge based processing systems for nitric oxide remediation

Hashim S, Wong C, Abas M, Dahlan K

Sains Malaysiana, 2010;39.

An electron beam (EB) flue gas test rig and a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor were tested for the removal of nitric oxide (NO) from gas stream in separate experiments. In both systems, energised electrons were used to produce radicals that reacted with the pollutants. The EB system was a laboratory scale test rig used to treat emission from a diesel run generator. At 1.0 MeV and 10 mA more than 90% NO removal from flue gases flowing at 120 Nm3/h can be achieved. For higher removal percentage, higher beam current was required. In a related effort, a table top, two tubes DBD reactor was used to process bottled gases containing 106 ppm NO. Total removal (>99%) was achieved when the inlet gas contained only NO and N2. Additional SO2 in the in let gas stream lowered the removal rate but was overcame by scaling up the system to 10 DBD tubes. The system was operated with input AC voltage of 35 kV peak to peak. In the EB treatment system, the amount of NO2 increased at high beam current, showing that the NO was also oxidised in the process. Whereas in the DBD reactor, the amount of NO2 remained insignificant throughout the process. This leads to the conclusion that the DBD reactor is capable of producing total removal of NO. This is highly desirable as post treatment will not be necessary.

Matched MeSH terms: Bays
Fulltext Learning critical thinking and critical thinking disposition among year 3 diploma nursing students of UMS

Norkiah Binti Arsat, Segaran Ramodran, Farah RazeeraVidy, Nor Hafiqah Binti Mohd Taib, Dylela Lee Geem

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2020;16(105):33-0.
MyJurnal

Introduction: Nursing students have been educated with critical thinking in client care. However, nursing students are often considered to be lacking in critical thinking especially during their clinical experience. This is likely due to lack of knowledge of critical thinking as the opportunities for learning critical thinking (LCT) are limited and less en- couraged to use critical thinking during the teaching and learning process. Therefore, it contributes to poor learning outcomes.The aim of this study was to identify level of LCT and critical thinking disposition (CTD) among diploma nursing student of UMS. Methods: A cross sectional survey design using purposive sampling methods. Sixty (60) of 66 year3 nursing students completed aCTD Inventory for Chinese Medical College Students (CTDI-M) by Wang et al (2019) and The LCT Inventory (LCTI) and the Teaching Critical Thinking Inventory (TCTI) developed by van Zyl, M.A., Bays, C.L., & Gilchrist, C. (2013).Approval to conduct study obtained from Dean of faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UMS. Results: The data were analyzed through descriptive method using SPSS for window 21.0. Total score for CTD ranging from a low (M= 1.5) to a high (M=5.00), Mean value 3.86, (SD +/- .572). Total high-level CDT 58(96.7%). Total LCT scores ranging from a low (M=2.00) to high (M=5.00) and Mean value 4.02, (SD +/- .711). Total high level LCT 54(90%). The two subscale categories were analyzed for perceived LCT. Respondents reported significantly high level of both instructor helped in LCT 51(85%) and 56 (93.3%) provides support and encourage- ment in LCT, mean value 4.19 (SD+/-.713). Conclusion: The level of CTD and LCT was high, shows that nursing students perceive themselves as having a high level of critical thinking motivation, instructor providing guidance to assist and encourage to learn using critical thinking.

Matched MeSH terms: Bays
Total vulnerability of the littoral zone to climate change-driven natural hazards in north Brittany, France

Mathew MJ, Sautter B, Ariffin EH, Menier D, Ramkumar M, Siddiqui NA, et al.

Sci Total Environ, 2020 Mar 01;706:135963.
PMID: 31862602 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135963

Current worldwide projections of sea-level rise show a staggering increase in water level of up to 2 m by 2100 owing to global warming exacerbated by anthropogenically induced climate change. While amplified rates of sea-level rise is an immense hazard to coastal communities, storm surges are expected to increase in intensity and frequency making it an equally significant threat to coastal populations. In France, these hazards are not uncommon with records of extreme tempests every thousand years in the Holocene. Despite these recurring devastating events, in the Bay of Saint-Brieuc, Brittany, legislated laws for coastal management do not entirely focus on protecting littoral zones from such calamities. 130,739 people are concentrated in 21 municipalities with major cities located at close proximity to the shoreline with numerous socio-economic activities, which increases the vulnerability of the coastal population and infrastructures; thus, affirming the indispensable need of a thorough vulnerability assessment. Here, we conduct a mechanistic appraisal of the vulnerability of the bay considering thirteen parameters within three governing sub-systems that demonstrate the multidimensional dynamics in these municipalities. In the occasion of an extreme climatic event, our results of total vulnerability show risks in the sub-systems highlighting erosional processes due to augmented hydrodynamics, socio-economic and administrative vulnerabilities associated with anthropogenic development. Eight municipalities of the bay portray moderate to very high vulnerability and the remaining exhibits a lower risk; however, not devoid of high vulnerabilities for certain sub-systems. We posit that a more accurate fit for predicting the total vulnerability of the region can be achieved by exclusively integrating physical-natural and administrative sub-system vulnerabilities. We propose generic but requisite recommendations for Integrated Coastal Zone Management such as surveillance of urban development along the coast, implementation of coastal defense systems and appropriate industrial corridors to attenuate and dispose hazardous refuse.

Matched MeSH terms: Bays
Fulltext Two New Genera and Species of the Parasitic Copepod Family Chondracanthidae Milne Edwards, 1840 (Copepoda: Cyclopoida) from Deep-Sea Fishes Off Suruga Bay, Japan

Aneesh PT, Ohtsuka S, Kondo Y, Helna AK

Acta Parasitol, 2024 Mar;69(1):874-888.
PMID: 38468018 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-024-00820-3

PURPOSE: The present paper describes two new genera and species of the parasitic copepod family Chondracanthidae Milne Edwards, 1840 based on specimens collected from two species of deep-sea fishes at a depth of 212 m off Suruga Bay, Japan. Avatar nishidai gen. et sp. nov. is described from the host fish Chaunax abei Le Danois, 1978 (Chaunacidae). Kokeshioides surugaensis gen. et sp. nov. is described from the host fish Setarches longimanus (Alcock, 1894) (Setarchidae).
METHODS: Fresh specimens of chondracanthids were collected from the buccal cavity of two species of deep-sea fishes (fish hosts were frozen), Chaunax abei Le Danois, 1978 (Lophiiformes: Chaunacidae) and Setarches longimanus (Alcock, 1894) (Perciformes: Setarchidae), caught at a depth of 212 m in Suruga Bay, Japan (34° 37'48.87″ N, 138° 43'2.958″ E). Both the species are described and illustrated based on ovigerous females.
RESULTS: The genus Avatar gen. nov. can readily be distinguished from all other chondracanthid genera by the following combination of features: cephalothorax slightly wider than long with anterior pair of large and posterior pair of small lateral lobes, and two pairs of ventro-lateral processes; the very posteriormost part of the first pedigerous somite contributes to the neck; cylindrical trunk with two pairs of blunt proximal fusiform processes; antennule with small knob terminally; antenna bearing distal endopodal segment; labrum protruding ventrally; two pairs of biramous legs each with 2-segmented rami. Kokeshioides gen. nov. has the following combinations of features that distinguish it from other chondracanthid genera: body flattened, without lateral processes; cephalothorax much wider than long, with paired anterolateral and posterolateral lobes, folded ventrally; the very posteriormost part of the first pedigerous somite contributes to the neck; mandible elongate; legs unique, heavily sclerotized, represented by two pairs of acutely pointed processes.
CONCLUSION: With the addition of two new genera presently reported, the family Chondracanthidae currently includes 52 valid genera. Among the described genera Avatar gen. nov. seems to be very primitive, while Kokeshioides gen. nov. is highly advanced. The deduced evolutionary history of chondracanthid genera is also discussed.

Matched MeSH terms: Bays
Fulltext Optimization of spray drying parameters for pink guava powder using RSM

Islam Shishir MR, Taip FS, Aziz NA, Talib RA, Hossain Sarker MS

Food Sci Biotechnol, 2016;25(2):461-468.
PMID: 30263292 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-016-0064-0

The optimization of pink guava was executed using central composite face-centred design to optimize the spray drying parameters of inlet temperature, maltodextrin concentration (MDC) and feed flow (FF). The experimental results were significantly (p<0.01) fitted into second-order polynomial models to describe and predict the response quality in terms of the final moisture, particle size and lycopene with R2 of 0.9749, 0.9616, and 0.9505, respectively. The final moisture content significantly (p<0.01) decreased with increasing inlet temperature and MDC, whereas the particle size increased. In contrast, the lycopene content significantly (p<0.01) decreased with the higher temperature and increased with increasing MDC. However, according to multiple response optimization, the optimum conditions of 150°C inlet temperature, 17.12% (w/v) MDC and 350 mL/h FF-predicted 3.10% moisture content, 11.23 μm particle size and 58.71 mg/100 g lycopene content. The experimental observation satisfied the predicted model within the acceptable range of the responses.

Matched MeSH terms: Bays
Numerical analysis of flow distribution behavior in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell

Lim BH, Majlan EH, Daud WRW, Rosli MI, Husaini T

Heliyon, 2018 Oct;4(10):e00845.
PMID: 30338304 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00845

The flow distribution of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell within a manifold plays an important role on its performance. This study presents a numerical analysis of the flow distribution behavior within different manifold configurations. A two-dimensional model with 75 cells was employed to study the flow behavior. The variation in the stoichiometry and number of cells was also studied. Three different flow configurations were considered with different numbers of flow inlets and outlets. The flow characteristics, such as the pressure and velocity variations in the manifold and cells, were measured to determine the effects of the different flow configurations. The results indicated that the double inlet/outlet configuration had the best flow distribution when using 75 cells. Moreover, increasing the stoichiometry resulted in a better flow distribution to the cells in a stack.

Matched MeSH terms: Bays
Efficiency of developed solid state bioreactor 'fermsostat' on cellulolytic and xylanase enzymes production

Lee CK, Darah I, Ibrahim C

Sains Malaysiana, 2017;46:1249-1257.

FERMSOSTAT is a developed laboratory scale solid state fermenter. It is a horizontal stirrer drum bioreactor with about 70 L capacities. The fermenter is made of stainless steel which is anti-corrosive and non-toxic to the process organism. The fermenter is equipped with sets of control systems for temperature, agitation, aeration and also outlets for substrate sampling as well as inlets for inoculation and substrate additions. The uniqueness of this FERMSOSTAT system is its ability to carry out in situ substrate sterilization and extraction of enzymes at the end of SSF process. Moreover, the mixing system provided by FERMSOSTAT can be performed either full or half mixing as well as forward or reverse mixing. Furthermore, the mixing can be programmed to run at certain agitation rate and time interval during the fermentation process to prevent or reduce damage to the fungus mycelia. FERMSOSTAT is a developed SSF bioreactor and not an improvement of any existing one. The performances of FERMSOSTAT have been evaluated. Under optimum solid state fermentation conditions, about 63.4, 397 and 3.21 U/g of CMCase, xylanase and FPase activities were detected, which were higher compared to the tray system.

Matched MeSH terms: Bays

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