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  1. Fulltext Enterococcus faecalis Endophthalmitis: Clinical Settings, Antibiotic Susceptibility, and Management Outcomes
    Chen KJ, Lai CC, Chen HC, Chong YJ, Sun MH, Chen YP, et al.
    Microorganisms, 2021 Apr 24;9(5).
    PMID: 33923356 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9050918
    Enterococcus faecalis is known to cause severe acute endophthalmitis and often leads to poor visual outcomes in most ophthalmic infections. This retrospective study is to report the clinical settings, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, and visual outcome of E. faecalis endophthalmitis at a tertiary referral institution in Taoyuan, Taiwan. E. faecalis endophthalmitis was diagnosed in 37 eyes of 37 patients. Post-cataract surgery was the most common cause (n = 27, 73%), followed by bleb-associated (n = 3, 8%), endogenous (n = 2, 5%), corneal ulcer-related (n = 2, 5%), post-vitrectomy (n = 1, 3%), post-pterygium excision (n = 1, 3%), and trauma (n = 1, 3%). Visual acuities upon presentation ranged from counting fingers to no light perception. Pars plana vitrectomy with intravitreal antibiotics were performed in 23 eyes (76%) as primary or secondary treatment. All isolates (37/37, 100%) were sensitive to vancomycin, penicillin, ampicillin, and teicoplanin. Six of 22 eyes (27%) were resistant to high-level gentamicin (minimum inhibitory concentration > 500 mg/L). Final visual acuities were better than 20/400 in 11 eyes (30%), 5/200 to hand motions in 4 eyes (11%), and light perception to no light perception in 22 eyes (59%). Three eyes were treated with evisceration. Compared with non-cataract subgroups, the post-cataract subgroup showed a significant difference of better visual prognosis (p = 0.016).
    Matched MeSH terms: Endophthalmitis
  2. Fulltext Chronic endogenous fungal endophthalmitis: diagnostic and treatment challenges: A case report
    Abu Talib DN, Yong MH, Nasaruddin RA, Che-Hamzah J, Bastion MC
    Medicine (Baltimore), 2021 Apr 09;100(14):e25459.
    PMID: 33832156 DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000025459
    RATIONALE: Endogenous fungal endophthalmitis (EFE) is a sight-threatening complication of systemic fungemia. As the prevalence rises, treatment remains a challenge especially when there is a failure in first-line treatment or drug-resistant fungus. This case report studies a case of chronic EFE, focusing on the diagnostic procedures, treatment options, monitoring parameters and the treatment outcome.

    PATIENT CONCERNS: A 64-year-old man with underlying well controlled diabetes mellitus was treated with 2 weeks' course of intravenous antifungal fluconazole for pyelonephritis as his blood culture grew Candida albicans. Concurrently, he complained of 3 months of bilateral painless progressive blurring of vision. At presentation, his visual acuity (VA) was light perception both eyes. Ocular examination revealed non granulomatous inflammation with dense vitritis of both eyes.

    DIAGNOSIS: He was diagnosed with EFE but the condition responded poorly with the medications.

    INTERVENTIONS: He was treated with intravitreal (IVT) amphotericin B and fluconazole was continued. Vitrectomy was performed and intraoperative findings included bilateral fungal balls in the vitreous and retina with foveal traction in the left eye. Postoperatively, vision acuity was 6/24, N8 right eye and 2/60, N unable for left eye with extensive left macular scar and hole. Vitreous cultures were negative. He received multiple IVT amphotericin B and was started on topical steroid eye drops for persistent panuveitis with systemic fluconazole. Ocular improvement was seen after switching to IVT and topical voriconazole. Despite this, his ocular condition deteriorated and he developed neovascular glaucoma requiring 3 topical antiglaucoma agents. Panretinal photocoagulation was subsequently performed.

    OUTCOMES: At 3 months' follow-up, his vision acuity remained at 6/24 for right eye and 2/60 for the left eye. There was no recurrence of inflammation or infection in both eyes.

    LESSONS: Voriconazole could serve as a promising broad spectrum tri-azole agent in cases of failure in first-line treatment or drug-resistant fungus.

    Matched MeSH terms: Endophthalmitis/diagnosis*; Endophthalmitis/therapy*
  3. Pyogenic Granuloma Formation Following Ahmed Valve Glaucoma Implant
    Chendran P, Seng Fai T, Wan Abdul Halim WH, Md Din N
    J Glaucoma, 2019 10;28(10):e162-e164.
    PMID: 31368915 DOI: 10.1097/IJG.0000000000001334
    Ocular pyogenic granuloma is a benign tumor seen after ocular insult secondary to ocular surgeries, trauma or infection. Although benign, intervention is sometimes necessary. Previous authors have reported pyogenic granuloma formation following oculoplastic surgeries. We report a pyogenic granuloma after an Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation. A 65-year-old gentleman presented with right eye redness associated with pain and swelling ~2 months after Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation. Examination found a sessile growth on the tube extruding puss with signs of endophthalmitis. The glaucoma drainage device was explanted and culture results grew Staphylococcus aureus. This article discusses the formation of pyogenic granuloma on a glaucoma drainage device and its management.
    Matched MeSH terms: Endophthalmitis/diagnosis; Endophthalmitis/drug therapy; Endophthalmitis/microbiology*
  4. Fulltext A Case of a Large Sub-retinal Abscess Secondary to Klebsiella pneumoniae Endophthalmitis in a Pyelonephritis Patient
    Mohd-Ilham I, Zulkifli M, Yaakub M, Muda R, Shatriah I
    Cureus, 2019 May 14;11(5):e4656.
    PMID: 31316877 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.4656
    Endogenous endophthalmitis is an ocular emergency, with severe sight-threatening complications. We report a case of unilateral endogenous Klebsiella pneumonia endophthalmitis with a large sub-retinal abscess in a 39-year-old lady that developed four days after presentation with sepsis secondary to urinary tract infections and pyelonephritis. Despite immediate treatment with intravenous (IV) and intravitreal antibiotics, her eye condition deteriorated. A pars plana vitrectomy was performed, and the sub-retinal abscess was removed, followed by silicone oil tamponade. Subsequently, she regained her vision to 6/36 with complete regression of the intraocular inflammation and sub-retinal abscess.
    Matched MeSH terms: Endophthalmitis
  5. Fulltext Endophthalmitis with bilateral deafness from disseminated Streptococcus suis infection
    Rayanakorn A, Katip W, Lee LH, Oberdorfer P
    BMJ Case Rep, 2019 Feb 26;12(2).
    PMID: 30814105 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2018-228501
    Streptococcus suis is a Gram-positive cocci bacterium that are found mainly in pigs and can be transmitted to human through pigs or pork exposure. The disease is mainly found among occupations involving swine contact in western countries whereas in Asia the disease is usually contracted through raw pork consumption. In this case report, we present a case of a middle-aged Thai man who acquired the infection from raw pork consumption. He presented with endogenous endophthalmitis with infective spondylodiscitis, sepsis and meningitis and later developed blindness of the right eye and permanent bilateral hearing loss disseminated from S. suis infection. Our report suggests that S. suis infection be considered as a causative factor in patient presenting with established clinical symptoms and predisposing factors. Cultural habit of eating raw pork should be taken into account especially in Asian countries.
    Matched MeSH terms: Endophthalmitis/complications; Endophthalmitis/diagnosis*; Endophthalmitis/microbiology
  6. Fulltext Endogenous Endophthalmitis: A Five-year Review of Cases at the Raja Perempuan Zainab II Hospital, Kelantan, Malaysia
    Michael NDB, Gunaseelan S, Tuan Jaffar TN, Noordin Z, Hussein A
    Cureus, 2018 Jul 30;10(7):e3066.
    PMID: 30280062 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.3066
    Background Endogenous endophthalmitis (EE) is a type of intraocular inflammation secondary to hematogenous spread from a distant infective source within the body and usually occurs in immunocompromised patients. Objectives The aim of this study was to profile the patient characteristics, sources of infection, microbial profiles, and visual outcomes of patients with EE in Raja Perempuan Zainab II Hospital in Kelantan, Malaysia. Materials and methods Data from 18 eyes of 17 patients diagnosed with EE and admitted to the eye ward of Raja Perempuan Zainab II Hospital from January 2012 to December 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. Factors analyzed included patient age, sources of infection, visual acuity, microbial profiles, and treatment outcomes. Results The mean age of the 17 patients was 53.2 years. Twelve patients (70.6%) had EE of left eye, four (23.5%) had EE of right eye, and one (5.9%) had EE involving both the eyes. Sixteen patients (91.1%) had at least one predisposing condition, the most common of which was diabetes mellitus in 15 patients (88.2%). A source of infection was identified in 12 of the 17 patients, with urinary tract infection being the most common (five patients, 29.4%). Organisms were successfully isolated from 10 (58.8%) patients, including seven (41.2%) with Gram-negative and three (17.6%) with Gram-positive organisms. All patients presented with a visual acuity worse than 6/60. Nine (52.9%) patients underwent vitrectomy, with only two of these patients achieving a final visual acuity better than 6/60. Eleven patients became nonperceptive to light, with four of them undergoing evisceration. Conclusions EE is a rare but often devastating ocular condition. Visual outcomes are often poor especially in patients infected with Gram-negative bacteria.
    Matched MeSH terms: Endophthalmitis
  7. Fulltext Keeping an eye out for klebsiella endopthalmitis: klebsiella pneumoniae invasive liver abscess syndrome
    Jia Ying S, Ian C, Azlanudin A, Zamri Z, Hairol O
    Journal of Surgical Academia, 2018;8(2):35-38.
    MyJurnal
    Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae strain is a major cause of liver abscess and this bacteria has metastatic properties. This distinct liver abscess syndrome has been increasingly reported in Asia over the past two decades, but is emerging as a global disease. We described an 81-year-old lady, who presented to the emergency department with 1-week prior duration of fever and right eye swelling. She had been admitted for recurrent liver abscess prior to this. Hence, she was initially treated as sepsis secondary to recurrent liver abscess. Meanwhile, she was managed concurrently by ophthalmology team for endophtalmitis. Despite the initiation of treatment with antibiotics, she did not show any improvement and required right eye evisceration to treat the sepsis. Invasive liver abscess syndrome with metastatic endophthalmitis should be screened in patient with Klebsiella liver abscess. They should be monitored for ocular symptoms as early recognition can prohibit delays in treatment, which has debilitating consequences.
    Matched MeSH terms: Endophthalmitis
  8. The Malaysian cataract surgery registry: incidence and risk factors of postoperative infectious endophthalmitis over a 7-year period
    Wai YZ, Fiona Chew LM, Mohamad AS, Ang CL, Chong YY, Adnan TH, et al.
    Int J Ophthalmol, 2018;11(10):1685-1690.
    PMID: 30364221 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2018.10.17
    AIM: To report the incidence, risk factors and visual outcomes for postoperative endophthalmitis (POE) based on 7-year data from the Malaysian Ministry of Health Cataract Surgery Registry (MOH CSR).

    METHODS: Data was collected from the web-based MOH CSR. All consecutive cataract surgery patients from 1st June 2008 to 31st December 2014 were identified. Exclusion criteria were traumatic cataract or previous ocular surgery. Demographic data, ocular co-morbidities, intraoperative details and postoperative visual acuity (VA) at final ophthalmological follow-up were noted. All eyes were taken for analysis. Subjects with POE were compared against subjects with no POE for risk factor assessment using multiple logistic regressions.

    RESULTS: A total of 163 503 subjects were screened. The incidence of POE was 0.08% (131/163 503). Demographic POE risk factors included male gender (OR: 2.121, 95%CI: 1.464-3.015) and renal disease (OR: 2.867, 95%CI: 1.503-5.467). POE risk increased with secondary causes of cataract (OR: 3.562, 95%CI: 1.740-7.288), uveitis (OR: 11.663, 95%CI: 4.292-31.693) and diabetic retinopathy (OR: 1.720, 95%CI: 1.078-2.744). Intraoperative factors reducing POE were shorter surgical time (OR: 2.114, 95%CI: 1.473-3.032), topical or intracameral anaesthesia (OR: 1.823, 95%CI: 1.278-2.602), posterior chamber intraocular lens (PCIOL; OR: 4.992, 95%CI: 2.689-9.266) and foldable IOL (OR: 2.276, 95%CI: 1.498-3.457). POE risk increased with posterior capsule rupture (OR: 3.773, 95%CI: 1.915-7.432) and vitreous loss (OR: 3.907, 95%CI: 1.720-8.873). Postoperative VA of 6/12 or better was achieved in 15.27% (20/131) subjects with POE.

    CONCLUSION: This study concurs with other studies regarding POE risk factors. Further strengthening of MOH CSR data collection process will enable deeper analysis and optimization of POE treatment.

    Matched MeSH terms: Endophthalmitis
  9. Fulltext Role of intravitreal/intracameral antibiotics to prevent traumatic endophthalmitis - Meta-analysis
    Thevi T, Abas AL
    Indian J Ophthalmol, 2017 Oct;65(10):920-925.
    PMID: 29044054 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.IJO_512_17
    Traumatic endophthalmitis is a devastating condition that can occur following an open globe injury and result in loss of vision. The use of prophylactic antibiotics is empirical as most surgeons fear complications associated with the same. No systematic review has been performed in English on the role of intravitreal/intracameral antibiotics in preventing traumatic endophthalmitis. We searched for randomized controlled trials and controlled clinical trials comparing intracameral/intravitreal antibiotics with placebos on PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Cochrane Library using keywords open globe/trauma/penetrating/perforating injuries endophthalmitis. The last search was on 5 May 2017. We included patients of all ages with open globe injuries who received intracameral/intravitreal antibiotics, regardless of the dose. Quality of the trials was assessed using Cochrane collaboration tools to assess the risk of bias. The main outcome measures were endophthalmitis and visual acuity. We included three trials. Overall, intravitreal/intracameral antibiotics were noted to significantly reduce the occurrence of endophthalmitis in open globe injuries (relative risk [RR] 0.19, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.06-0.57). The use of intravitreal/intracameral antibiotics did not have an effect in improving visual acuity (RR 1.17, 95% CI 0.61-2.23). Two trials (Narang 2003; Soheilan 2001) were observed to have no significant effect on visual acuity while another trial (Soheilan 2007) did not list visual acuity as part of its objectives. Intracameral/intravitreal antibiotics reduce the risk of endophthalmitis in open globe injuries; although, there was no improvement in the visual acuity. We, therefore, recommend the use of intravitreal/intracameral injections in open globe injuries to prevent this devastating complication.
    Matched MeSH terms: Endophthalmitis/etiology; Endophthalmitis/prevention & control*
  10. Fulltext Endogenous endophthalmitis as a septic complication postureteroscope candiduria
    Inn FX, Md Noh UK, Jasman MH
    Urol Ann, 2017 2 22;9(1):83-85.
    PMID: 28216938 DOI: 10.4103/0974-7796.198902
    Ureteroscopy (URS) is commonly used by urologists to treat ureteral stones. It is a relatively low-risk procedure. Both urinary tract obstruction and contamination of instrument can cause candiduria post-URS, and this infection can be treated with an antifungal medication. Candidemia is known as hematogenous dissemination, and ocular tissue is a common invasion. However, endogenous endophthalmitis, due to postureteroscope candiduria, has not been reported up to date. This is a devastating complication that may lead to visual loss. Here, we describe a case of endogenous endophthalmitis as a consequence of candiduria after URS.
    Matched MeSH terms: Endophthalmitis
  11. Fulltext Microbial profile of culture-proven cases of endophthalmitis in hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia: a 7-year retrospective study
    Norhayaty S., Sangeetha, T, Tai, Evelyn L.M., Wan Hazabbah W.H., Zaidah A.R., Azhany Y.
    Journal of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, 2017;2(1):69-73.
    MyJurnal
    nfectious endophthalmitis is a devastating and potentially sight-threatening condition.The objective is toanalyse the microbiological profile and visual outcome of culture positive endophthalmitis seen in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia. All patients with endophthalmitis admitted to Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia over a 7-year period from January 2007 until December 2013 were recruited into this study. Retrospective review of medical and microbiology records was conducted among patients clinically diagnosed with endophthalmitis in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia from January 2007 until December 2013. Sixteen patients were admitted with endophthalmitis during this study period. Seven (43%) were culture-positive, in which five (71%) cases were from vitreous culture and two (29%) from blood specimens. The mean age for culture positive patients of presentation was44 years. The most common bacterial isolate was Pseudomonas spp., while the most common fungus was Candida spp. Other organisms isolated were Fusariumsp., Aspergillus sp., Staphylococcus sp.and Enterococcus sp. The risk factors for culture-positive cases were ocular trauma, corneal keratitis, ocular chemical injury, severe urinary tract infection and retropharyngeal abscess. Only three of the affected eyes could be salvaged. The final visual acuity waspoor in all the culture-positive eyes. Two cases underwent evisceration while one case underwent enucleation. As a conclusion,Culture-positive endophthalmitis in this study were mainly attributed to Pseudomonas spp. and Candida spp. The visual outcome of culture-positive endophthalmitis was poor.
    Matched MeSH terms: Endophthalmitis
  12. Fulltext Unilateral rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis with contralateral endogenous fungal endophthalmitis
    Ho HC, Liew OH, Teh SS, Hanizasurana H, Ibrahim M, Shatriah I
    Clin Ophthalmol, 2015;9:553-6.
    PMID: 25848206 DOI: 10.2147/OPTH.S82204
    Rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM) is an uncommon but fatal fungal infection. We report a rare case of unilateral ROCM with ipsilateral central retinal artery occlusion and contralateral choroiditis, which later progressed to endogenous fungal endophthalmitis. The patient was successfully treated with sinuses debridement, systemic liposomal amphotericin B, and intravitreal amphotericin B. The endophthalmitis completely resolved with good vision, but the ROCM eye remained blind due to central retinal artery occlusion.
    Matched MeSH terms: Endophthalmitis
  13. Fulltext Infected Baerveldt Glaucoma Drainage Device by Aspergillus niger
    Salim NL, Azhany Y, Abdul Rahman Z, Yusof R, Liza-Sharmini AT
    Case Rep Ophthalmol Med, 2015;2015:249419.
    PMID: 26064735 DOI: 10.1155/2015/249419
    Fungal endophthalmitis is rare but may complicate glaucoma drainage device surgery. Management is challenging as the symptoms and signs may be subtle at initial presentation and the visual prognosis is usually poor due to its resistant nature to treatment. At present there is lesser experience with intravitreal injection of voriconazole as compared to Amphotericin B. We present a case of successfully treated Aspergillus endophthalmitis following Baerveldt glaucoma drainage device implantation with intravitreal and topical voriconazole.
    Matched MeSH terms: Endophthalmitis
  14. Fulltext Bacterial and fungal endophthalmitis in upper Egypt: related species and risk factors
    Gharamah AA, Moharram AM, Ismail MA, Al-Hussaini AK
    Asian Pac J Trop Biomed, 2012 Aug;2(8):655-9.
    PMID: 23569989 DOI: 10.1016/S2221-1691(12)60115-4
    To study risk factors, contributing factors of bacterial and fungal endophthalmitis in Upper Egypt, test the isolated species sensitive to some therapeutic agents, and to investigate the air-borne bacteria and fungi in opthalmology operating rooms.
    Matched MeSH terms: Endophthalmitis/microbiology; Endophthalmitis/epidemiology*
  15. Fulltext Missed perforation presenting as sympathetic ophthalmia in an adolescent Malay girl
    Bastion ML, Mohamad MH
    BMJ Case Rep, 2012;2012.
    PMID: 22914237 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2012-006525
    To describe the rare presentation of sympathetic ophthalmia in a teenage girl with no previous known ocular injury.
    Matched MeSH terms: Endophthalmitis/drug therapy*; Endophthalmitis/etiology*
  16. Fulltext Pasteurella canis Isolation following Penetrating Eye Injury: A Case Report
    Rashid NK, Zam Z, Mdnoor SS, Siti-Raihan I, Azhany Y
    Case Rep Ophthalmol Med, 2012;2012:362369.
    PMID: 22606491 DOI: 10.1155/2012/362369
    A 3-year-old boy presented with history of trauma to the left eye after he accidentally injured his eye with a broom stick made up from coconut skewers. There was history of cats as their pets but not dogs. Ocular examination revealed left superonasal conjunctival laceration and scleral perforation with prolapsed vitreous. Fundus examination showed minimal vitreous haemorrhage and flat retina. Conjunctiva swab at the wound site was sent for gram staining, culture, and sensitivity. He underwent scleral suturing, vitreous tap, and intravitreal injection of Ceftazidime and Amikacin. Vitreous tap was sent for gram stained, culture and sensitivity. Postoperatively, he was started empirically on IV Ciprofloxacin 160 mg BD, Guttae Ciprofloxacin, and Guttae Ceftazidime. Conjunctiva swab grew Pasteurella canis which was sensitive to all Beta lactams, Ciprofloxacin, Chloramphenicol, and Aminoglycoside. Post-operative was uneventful, absent signs of endophthalmitis or orbital cellulitis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Endophthalmitis
  17. Invasive aspergillosis in developing countries
    Chakrabarti A, Chatterjee SS, Das A, Shivaprakash MR
    Med Mycol, 2011 Apr;49 Suppl 1:S35-47.
    PMID: 20718613 DOI: 10.3109/13693786.2010.505206
    To review invasive aspergillosis (IA) in developing countries, we included those countries, which are mentioned in the document of the International Monetary Fund (IMF), called the Emerging and Developing Economies List, 2009. A PubMed/Medline literature search was performed for studies concerning IA reported during 1970 through March 2010 from these countries. IA is an important cause of morbidity and mortality of hospitalized patients of developing countries, though the exact frequency of the disease is not known due to inadequate reporting and facilities to diagnose. Only a handful of centers from India, China, Thailand, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Iran, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Sudan, South Africa, Turkey, Hungary, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, and Argentina had reported case series of IA. As sub-optimum hospital care practice, hospital renovation work in the vicinity of immunocompromised patients, overuse or misuse of steroids and broad-spectrum antibiotics, use of contaminated infusion sets/fluid, and increase in intravenous drug abusers have been reported from those countries, it is expected to find a high rate of IA among patients with high risk, though hard data is missing in most situations. Besides classical risk factors for IA, liver failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes, and tuberculosis are the newly recognized underlying diseases associated with IA. In Asia, Africa and Middle East sino-orbital or cerebral aspergillosis, and Aspergillus endophthalmitis are emerging diseases and Aspergillus flavus is the predominant species isolated from these infections. The high frequency of A. flavus isolation from these patients may be due to higher prevalence of the fungus in the environment. Cerebral aspergillosis cases are largely due to an extension of the lesion from invasive Aspergillus sinusitis. The majority of the centers rely on conventional techniques including direct microscopy, histopathology, and culture to diagnose IA. Galactomannan, β-D glucan test, and DNA detection in IA are available only in a few centers. Mortality of the patients with IA is very high due to delays in diagnosis and therapy. Antifungal use is largely restricted to amphotericin B deoxycholate and itraconazole, though other anti-Aspergillus antifungal agents are available in those countries. Clinicians are aware of good outcome after use of voriconazole/liposomal amphotericin B/caspofungin, but they are forced to use amphotericin B deoxycholate or itraconazole in public-sector hospitals due to economic reasons.
    Matched MeSH terms: Endophthalmitis/microbiology; Endophthalmitis/epidemiology
  18. Intravenous fluconazole for bilateral endogenous Candida endophthalmitis
    Annamalai T, Fong KC, Choo MM
    J Ocul Pharmacol Ther, 2011 Feb;27(1):105-7.
    PMID: 21235384 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2010.0117
    To report a case of bilateral endogenous candida endophthalmitis treated with intravenous fluconazole.
    Matched MeSH terms: Endophthalmitis/complications; Endophthalmitis/microbiology*; Endophthalmitis/surgery
  19. Fulltext Disseminated fusariosis and endogenous fungal endophthalmitis in acute lymphoblastic leukemia following platelet transfusion possibly due to transfusion-related immunomodulation
    Kah TA, Yong KC, Rahman RA
    BMC Ophthalmol, 2011;11:30.
    PMID: 22044440 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2415-11-30
    To report a case of disseminated fusariosis with endogenous endophthalmitis in a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Transfusion-associated immune modulation secondary to platelet transfusion could play an important role in the pathophysiology of this case.
    Matched MeSH terms: Endophthalmitis/etiology*
  20. Fulltext Candida glabrata endophthalmitis following penetrating keratoplasty in a patient with negative donor rim culture
    Muzaliha MN, Adil H, Ibrahim M, Shatriah I
    BMC Ophthalmol, 2010;10:18.
    PMID: 20537193 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2415-10-18
    Candida glabrata endophthalmitis following keratoplasty is rare and almost always associated with positive donor rim culture.
    Matched MeSH terms: Endophthalmitis/microbiology*; Endophthalmitis/pathology
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