Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 94 in total

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  1. Fulltext Acuminatol and other antioxidative resveratrol oligomers from the stem bark of Shorea acuminata
    Muhammad N, Din LB, Sahidin I, Hashim SF, Ibrahim N, Zakaria Z, et al.
    Molecules, 2012 Jul 30;17(8):9043-55.
    PMID: 22847143 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17089043
    A new resveratrol dimer, acuminatol (1), was isolated along with five known compounds from the acetone extract of the stem bark of Shorea acuminata. Their structures and stereochemistry were determined by spectroscopic methods, which included the extensive use of 2D NMR techniques. All isolated compounds were evaluated for their antioxidant activity using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity (RSA) and the β-carotene-linoleic acid (BCLA) assays, and compared with those of the standards of ascorbic acid (AscA) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). All compounds tested exhibited good to moderate antioxidant activity in the DPPH assay (IC₅₀s 0.84 to 10.06 mM) and displayed strong inhibition of β-carotene oxidation (IC₅₀s 0.10 to 0.22 mM). The isolated compounds were evaluated on the Vero cell line and were found to be non-cytotoxic with LC₅₀ values between 161 to 830 µM.
    Matched MeSH terms: beta Carotene/chemistry
  2. Fulltext An appraisal of the nutritional and health aspects of palm oil
    Chandrasekharan N
    Med J Malaysia, 1992 Jun;47(2):93-7.
    PMID: 1494339
    Matched MeSH terms: beta Carotene
  3. An improved method for the preparations of nanostructured lipid carriers containing heat-sensitive bioactives
    Hung LC, Basri M, Tejo BA, Ismail R, Nang HL, Abu Hassan H, et al.
    Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces, 2011 Oct 1;87(1):180-6.
    PMID: 21652183 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2011.05.019
    Heat-sensitive bioactive compounds such as β-carotene and tocols, are widely used in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic fields. Their chemical stability in delivery systems is one of the major concerns in the production of nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs). A previously established high-temperature high-pressure homogenisation technique involved in the preparation of NLCs can cause degradation of heat-sensitive compounds. Therefore, a novel preparation process needs to be developed to minimise the degradation of heat-sensitive active compounds during the preparation of NLCs. In this work, modified methods A and B were designed to minimise the degradation of β-carotene and tocols during the production of NLCs. These methods improved the chemical stability of heat-sensitive bioactive compounds (β-carotene and tocols) significantly compared to the previously established method. The physical stability of the formulation was maintained throughout study duration.
    Matched MeSH terms: beta Carotene/chemistry*
  4. Fulltext Antiapoptotic and Antioxidant Properties of Orthosiphon stamineus Benth (Cat's Whiskers): Intervention in the Bcl-2-Mediated Apoptotic Pathway
    Abdelwahab SI, Mohan S, Mohamed Elhassan M, Al-Mekhlafi N, Mariod AA, Abdul AB, et al.
    Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2011;2011:156765.
    PMID: 21234328 DOI: 10.1155/2011/156765
    Antiapoptotic and antioxidant activities of aqueous-methanolic extract (CAME) of Orthosiphonstamineus Benth(OS), and its hexane (HF), chloroform (CF), n-butanol (NBF), ethyl acetate (EAF) and water (WF) fractions were investigated. Antioxidant properties were evaluated using the assays of Folin-Ciocalteu, aluminiumtrichloride, β-carotene bleaching and DPPH. The role of OS against hydrogen peroxide induced apoptosis on MDA-M231 epithelial cells was examined using MTT assay, phase contrast microscope, colorimetric assay of caspase-3, western blot and quantitative real-time PCR. Results showed that EAF showed the highest total phenolic content followed by CAME, NBF, WF, CF and HF, respectively. Flavonoid content was in the order of the CF > EAF > HF > CAME > NBF > WF. The IC(50) values on DPPH assay for different extract/fractions were 126.2 ± 23, 31.25 ± 1.2, 15.25 ± 2.3, 13.56 ± 1.9, 23.0 ± 3.2, and 16.66 ± 1.5 μg/ml for HF, CF, EAF, NBF, WF and CAME, respectively. OSreduced the oxidation of β-carotene by hydroperoxides. Cell death was dose-dependently inhibited by pretreatment with OS. Caspase-3 and distinct morphological features suggest the anti-apoptotic activities of OS. This plant not only increased the expression of Bcl-2, but also decreased Bax expression, and ultimately reduced H(2)O(2)-induced apoptosis. The current results showed that phenolics may provide health and nutritional benefits.
    Matched MeSH terms: beta Carotene
  5. Fulltext Antioxidant activity and phenolic content of Paederia foetida and Syzygium aqueum
    Osman H, Rahim AA, Isa NM, Bakhir NM
    Molecules, 2009;14(3):970-8.
    PMID: 19305354 DOI: 10.3390/molecules14030970
    The antioxidant activity of fresh and dried plant extracts of Paederia foetida and Syzygium aqueum were studied using beta-carotene bleaching and the 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical cation assay. The percentage of antioxidant activity for all extract samples using both assays was between 58 and 80%. The fresh samples of both plants had higher antioxidant activity than the dried samples. The results of the beta-carotene bleaching assay were correlated (R(2) = 0.9849) with those of the ABTS assay.
    Matched MeSH terms: beta Carotene
  6. Fulltext Antioxidant analysis of different parts of Carica papaya
    Maisarah, A.M., Nurul Amira, B., Asmah, R., Fauziah, O.
    International Food Research Journal, 2013;20(3):1043-1048.
    MyJurnal
    This study was conducted to compare the total antioxidant activity (TAA), total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) from the different parts of papaya tree including their ripe and unripe fruit, seeds and the young leaves. Two methods namely DPPH radical scavenging activity and ß-carotene bleaching assay were used to determine the TAA, whereas TPC was determined by Folin-Ciocalteu’s method while TFC by aluminium trichloride (AlCl3). For these purposes, methanolic extracts (80%) were prepared. The results showed that the highest antioxidant activity through ß-carotene bleaching assay was observed in unripe fruit (90.67 ± 0.29%) followed by young leave, ripe fruit and the seed. In other hand, young leaves exhibited a significant higher scavenging effect compared to others and the dose required in reducing the absorbance of DPPH control solution by 50% (EC50) was calculated at 1.0 ± 0.08mg/ml. The EC50 values were 4.3 ± 0.01mg/ml, 6.5 ± 0.01mg/ml and 7.8 ± 0.06mg/ml for unripe fruit, ripe fruit and seeds respectively. Interestingly, both TPC and TFC also showed that young leaves had the highest antioxidant content (424.89 ± 0.22mg GAE/ 100 g dry weight and 333.14 ± 1.03mg rutin equivalent/ 100 g dry weight, respectively). Statistically, Pearson correlation showed there were positive correlations between TPC and TFC with antioxidant activity assayed by DPPH radical scavenging assay (r=0.846 and r=0.873, respectively). However there was no correlation between TPC and TFC with ß-carotene bleaching activity. In brief, taken into account all the parameters measured, antioxidants were highly remarkable in the sequence of young leaves > unripe fruit > ripe fruit > seed. Nevertheless, further investigation for isolation and identification of the phytoconstituents responsible for antioxidant activity is desirable.
    Matched MeSH terms: beta Carotene
  7. Antioxidant capacity and phenolic acids of virgin coconut oil
    Marina AM, Man YB, Nazimah SA, Amin I
    Int J Food Sci Nutr, 2009;60 Suppl 2:114-23.
    PMID: 19115123 DOI: 10.1080/09637480802549127
    The antioxidant properties of virgin coconut oil produced through chilling and fermentation were investigated and compared with refined, bleached and deodorized coconut oil. Virgin coconut oil showed better antioxidant capacity than refined, bleached and deodorized coconut oil. The virgin coconut oil produced through the fermentation method had the strongest scavenging effect on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and the highest antioxidant activity based on the beta-carotene-linoleate bleaching method. However, virgin coconut oil obtained through the chilling method had the highest reducing power. The major phenolic acids detected were ferulic acid and p-coumaric acid. Very high correlations were found between the total phenolic content and scavenging activity (r=0.91), and between the total phenolic content and reducing power (r=0.96). There was also a high correlation between total phenolic acids and beta-carotene bleaching activity. The study indicated that the contribution of antioxidant capacity in virgin coconut oil could be due to phenolic compounds.
    Matched MeSH terms: beta Carotene/metabolism
  8. Fulltext Antioxidant potential, cytotoxic activity and total phenolic content of Alpinia pahangensis rhizomes
    Phang CW, Malek SN, Ibrahim H
    BMC Complement Altern Med, 2013 Oct 01;13:243.
    PMID: 24083445 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-243
    BACKGROUND: Alpinia pahangensis, a wild ginger distributed in the lowlands of Pahang, Malaysia, is used by the locals to treat flatulence. In this study, the antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of the crude aqueous methanol and fractionated extracts of Alpinia pahangensis against five different cancer and one normal cell lines were investigated. The total phenolic content of each extract and its fractions were also quantified. This is the first report on the antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of Alpinia pahangensis extract.

    METHODS: In the current study, the crude methanol and fractionated extract of the rhizomes of Alpinia pahangensis were investigated for their antioxidant activity using four different assays namely, the DPPH scavenging activity, superoxide anion scavenging, β-carotene bleaching and reducing power assays whilst their phenolic contents were measured by the Folin-Ciocalteu's method.In vitro neutral red cytotoxicity assay was employed to evaluate the cytotoxic activity against five different cancer cell lines, colon cancer (HCT 116 and HT-29), cervical cancer (Ca Ski), breast cancer (MCF7) and lung cancer (A549) cell lines, and one normal cell line (MRC-5). The extract that showed high cytotoxic activity was further investigated for its chemical constituents by GC-MS (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry) analysis.

    RESULTS: The ethyl acetate fraction showed the strongest DPPH radical scavenging (0.35 ± 0.094 mg/ml) and SOD activities (51.77 ± 4.9%) whilst the methanol extract showed the highest reducing power and also the strongest antioxidant activity in the β-carotene bleaching assays in comparison to other fractions. The highest phenolic content was found in the ethyl acetate fraction, followed by the crude methanol extract, hexane and water fractions. The results showed a positive correlation between total phenolic content with DPPH radical scavenging capacities and SOD activities. The hexane fraction showed potent cytotoxic effect against KB, Ca Ski and HCT 116 cell lines with IC₅₀ of 5.8 ± 0.1 and 9.1 ± 2.0 ug/ml, respectively. The major components of hexane fraction analysed by GC-MS analysis were mostly methyl esters.

    CONCLUSIONS: The current study suggests that the methanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction of A. pahangensis is a potential source of natural antioxidant for protective as well as prevention of life-threatening diseases. The hexane fraction of A. pahangensis may have the potential to be developed into therapeutic option for treating cancer.

    Matched MeSH terms: beta Carotene/analysis; beta Carotene/metabolism
  9. Fulltext Antioxidant properties and antiproliferative effect of brewers’ rice extract (temukut) on selected cancer cell lines
    Tan, B.L., Suhaniza, H.J., Lai, C. C., Norazalina, S., Roselina, K., Norhaizan, M.E.
    International Food Research Journal, 2013;20(5):2117-2124.
    MyJurnal
    Temukut, or brewers’ rice, is a mixture of broken rice, rice bran, and rice germ. Extensive studies have been conducted on rice bran, which possesses various health benefits. Temukut, however has been less well studied. The present study aimed to investigate the antioxidant and growth inhibition properties of temukut extract using colon cancer (HT-29), ovary cancer (Caov-3), and liver cancer (HepG2) cell lines. The antioxidant activity was determined by the β-carotene bleaching assay, analysis of the DPPH radical scavenging capacity, and a FRAP assay. The total phenolic compounds, oryzanol, vitamin E, and phytic acid levels in temukut were also investigated. The antiproliferative activity was evaluated using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. There was a significant difference in the cytotoxicity of two types of temukut extract (water and methanol) for HT-29 and Caov-3 cells (p < 0.05) but not for HepG2 cells. The HepG2 cell line is the least sensitive to temukut, (IC50 = 55.30 μg/mL), whereas the highest sensitivity was observed in Caov-3 cells (IC50 =36.67 μg/mL). No cytotoxic effect of temukut was observed on normal cells (BalBlc3T3). Although the content of the phytochemicals studied (total phenolic compounds, vitamin E, oryzanol, and phytic acid) in temukut was lower than that in rice bran, as has been previously reported, the present study demonstrated temukut’s potential to inhibit the proliferation of HT-29, Caov-3, and HepG2 cells.
    Matched MeSH terms: beta Carotene
  10. Antioxidant properties of methanolic extract of Canarium odontophyllum fruit
    Azrina, A., Nurul Nadiah, M.N., Amin, I.
    International Food Research Journal, 2010;17(2):319-326.
    MyJurnal
    The antioxidant properties of skin, flesh and kernel of Canarium odontophyllum fruit were determined. The methanolic extracts of the fruit were screened for their total phenolic content and antioxidant properties. The averaged antioxidant properties (mM TE/g FM) in skin, flesh, and kernel of Canarium odontophyllum were 16.46 ± 0.24, 20.54 ± 0.35, and 8.89 ± 0.29, respectively by DPPH assay; 151.24 ± 9.75, 70.58 ± 2.98, and 5.65 ± 0.02, respectively by FRAP assay; and 47.9 ± 0.00, 11.61 ± 1.14, and 3.00 ± 0.00, respectively by β-Carotene bleaching method. The averaged OH scavenging activity (mg DMSOE/mg FM) in skin, flesh, and kernel of Canarium odontophyllum were 43.33 ± 13.85, 7.81 ± 1.42, and 3.31 ± 0.80, respectively. While averaged total phenolic content (mg GAE/100g FM) were 387.5 ± 33.23, 267.0 ± 4.24, and 51.0 ± 0.00 for skin, flesh, and kernel respectively. Antioxidant activities were positively correlated with the total phenolic content (0.71 ≤ r ≤ 0.84).
    Matched MeSH terms: beta Carotene
  11. Fulltext Antioxidant properties of total lutein content in different parts of pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima)
    WONG YEN WEN, FAUZIAH TUFAIL AHMAD
    UMT Journal of Undergraduate Research, 2020;2(3):27-34.
    MyJurnal
    Pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima) is a vegetable crop which is commonly consumed as vegetables or incorporated into food products. Pumpkin flesh was reported abundant with carotenoid compounds includes α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lutein and zeaxanthin. As this antioxidant related to the colour pigment, these nutrients highly potential to be in other parts of pumpkin such as peel and seed. Therefore, the aim of this was to determine the total lutein content in different parts of pumpkin and their antioxidant properties. The pumpkin would be collected and evaluated at the commercial maturity stage (60% to fully orange-yellow of fruit peel). The presence of the lutein properties using DPPH, FRAP and ABTS assays in different parts of pumpkin was tested by using microplate spectrophotometer and analysed statistically with SPSS version 20. Among of all pumpkin fruit parts, flesh presented the highest concentration of potential lutein extracts, followed by peel and seed, respectively. On the contrary, potential lutein extracts from the pumpkin peel had the highest antioxidant activity in terms of DPPH, FRAP and ABTS assays when compared to the lutein extracts in flesh and seeds. This study indicates that the potential lutein from Cucurbita maxima especially peel may be the alternative to be used as both natural antioxidants in food products due to increasing demand for natural food preservatives. Therefore, this study may act as a source for others to further study to optimize the usage of pumpkin by-products
    Matched MeSH terms: beta Carotene
  12. Fulltext Antioxidant, antimicrobial activity and in-vitro cytotoxicity screening study of Pili nut oil
    Zarinah, Z., Maaruf, A.G., Nazaruddin, R., Wong, W.W.W., Xuebing, X.
    International Food Research Journal, 2014;21(1):309-316.
    MyJurnal
    Some vegetable oils contain natural antioxidants such as beta carotene and vitamin E namely alpha tocopherol. The objective of this study was to screening the value of α-tocopherol, β-carotene, antioxidant capacity, antimicrobial activity and toxicological properties of roasted pili nut oil (RPNO) and unroasted pili nut oil (UPNO). The result showed that RPNO contained higher amount of vitamin E and less amount of beta carotene compared to UPNO. RPNO and UPNO scavenged DPPH radicals by 24.66% and 9.52% at concentration of 140 μg/ml. The total phenolic compound (TPC) in UPNO and RPNO were about 19.96 ± 0.52 mg/kg and 12.43 ± 0.69 mg/kg respectively. It was observed that bacteria species exhibited different sensitivities towards RPNO, UPNO, Gentamycin, Ampicillin and Chloramphenicol. Bacillus cereus 14570 was the most sensitive bacterium and all strains of Staphylococcus aureus tested were resistant against both samples RPNO and UPNO. An in vitro toxicological study based on the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) cytotoxicity assay was also performed. In vitro cytotoxicity indicated that both RPNO and UPNO had no effect against HeLa (cervical cancer cell), MCF-7 (breast cancer cell) and HT-29 (human colon adenocarcinoma cell) cell lines tested.
    Matched MeSH terms: beta Carotene
  13. Fulltext Association between oxidative DNA damage, fruits and vegetables intake with breast cancer: a preliminary study in Klang Valley
    Suzana Shahar, Kim, Tiu Teng, Nor Fadilah Rajab, Fatimah Arshad
    Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia, 2008;6(1):61-77.
    MyJurnal
    A preliminary study was conducted to determine the level of oxidative DNA damage, fruits and vegetables intake among 50 breast cancer patients (cases) as compared to 50 healthy women (controls) with no known medical history of breast cancer in Klang Valley. Both groups were matched for age and ethnicity. Data on socio-demographic, health status and medical history, fruits and vegetables intake, and supplements intake were obtained through an interviewbased questionnaire. Anthropometry measurements included weight, height, and waist and hip circumference were also carried out on subjects. A total of 3mL fasting venous blood was drawn to assess lymphocytes oxidative DNA damage using Alkaline Comet Assay. Results indicated that the mean intake of fruits and vegetables was lower in cases (4.09 ± 1.17 servings/d) than controls (4.77 ± 0.90 servings/d)(p < 0.05) The intake of fruits and vegetables from family groups of solanaceae, myrtaceae, caricaceae, apiaceae, brinjal, rutaceae, broccoli, orange, carrot, watermelon were 0.5 - 1 servings/week significantly higher among controls as compared to cases (p < 0.05 for all parameters). However, the intake of fruits from rosaceae family and apple was higher among controls than cases (p < 0.05). The estimated intake of ß-carotene, carotenoids, vitamin A, vitamin C (p < 0.001), a-carotene and lycopene (p < 0.05) from fruits and vegetables were higher among controls than cases. Mean DNA damage level of cases (4.55 ± 1.78 % DNA in tail, %TD; 0.35 ± 0.21 tail moment, TM) were 3.5 and 3.9 times higher than the value of controls (1.3 ± 0.70% TD; 0.09 ± 0.09 TM) (p < 0.001) and the damage increased with higher values of waist hip ratio (% TD, r = 0.396, p < 0.05; TM, r = 0.349, p < 0.05) and waist circumference (% TD, r = 0.334, p < 0.05; TM, r = 0.360, p < 0.05). There was an inverse relationship between oxidative DNA damage with intake of total fruits and vegetables, cauliflowers and water convolvulus and also consumption from rutaceae and solanaceae families. Similar trend was noted for estimated intake of vitamin A, carotenoids, vitamin C, ß-carotene and lycopene. In conclusion, the intake of fruits and vegetables of five servings/d and the consumption of specific families and types of fruits and vegetables might protect against oxidative DNA damage and further reduce breast cancer risk.
    Matched MeSH terms: beta Carotene
  14. Fulltext Association of Serum Beta-Carotene with Metabolic Risk Factors among a Work Cohort in Malaysia
    Moy FM, Ng YH, Tan SS
    J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo), 2023;69(6):463-470.
    PMID: 38171819 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.69.463
    Metabolic syndrome (MetS) poses increased risks for non-communicable diseases, increasing all-cause mortality, disability, and healthcare costs. Beta-carotene as the major carotenoid is identified to play an important role in the pathophysiology of MetS. The present study aimed to investigate the association between serum beta-carotene levels with metabolic syndrome and metabolic risk factors among a cohort of teachers in Peninsular Malaysia. This cross-sectional study investigated a sub-sample of 645 serum samples which were randomly selected for beta-carotene determination. Socio-demographic, lifestyle and metabolic risk factors were measured following standard protocols. There were equal proportions of males and females, with majority Malays (69%) followed by the Chinese (24%) and Indians (6.5%). The prevalence of MetS was 24.8% with abnormal waist circumference and high blood pressure as the most commonly reported metabolic risk factors. The median serum beta-carotene was 5.15 (5.07) μmol/L. Serum beta-carotene in the lowest quartile (Q1) was found to be significantly associated with MetS (OR: 5.81; 95% CI: 2.96, 11.38) and metabolic risk factors, namely triglycerides (OR: 6.38; 95% CI: 3.04, 13.35), fasting blood sugar (OR: 3.32; 95% CI: 1.48, 7.43), HDL-cholesterol (OR: 2.88; 95% CI: 1.58, 5.26) and waist circumference (OR: 2.94; 95% CI: 1.73, 5.01), after adjusted for potential confounders. In summary, participants with lower serum beta-carotene had higher odds for MetS and the above-mentioned metabolic risk factors.
    Matched MeSH terms: beta Carotene
  15. Fulltext Attrition of Hepatic Damage Inflicted by Angiotensin II with α-Tocopherol and β-Carotene in Experimental Apolipoprotein E Knock-out Mice
    Gopal K, Gowtham M, Sachin S, Ravishankar Ram M, Shankar EM, Kamarul T
    Sci Rep, 2015 Dec 16;5:18300.
    PMID: 26670291 DOI: 10.1038/srep18300
    Angiotensin II is one of the key regulatory peptides implicated in the pathogenesis of liver disease. The mechanisms underlying the salubrious role of α-tocopherol and β-carotene on liver pathology have not been comprehensively assessed. Here, we investigated the mechanisms underlying the role of Angiotensin II on hepatic damage and if α-tocopherol and β-carotene supplementation attenuates hepatic damage. Hepatic damage was induced in Apoe(-/-)mice by infusion of Angiotensin II followed by oral administration with α-tocopherol and β-carotene-enriched diet for 60 days. Investigations showed fibrosis, kupffer cell hyperplasia, hepatocyte degeneration and hepatic cell apoptosis; sinusoidal dilatation along with haemorrhages; evidence of fluid accumulation; increased ROS level and increased AST and ALT activities. In addition, tPA and uPA were down-regulated due to 42-fold up-regulation of PAI-1. MMP-2, MMP-9, MMP-12, and M-CSF were down-regulated in Angiotensin II-treated animals. Notably, α-tocopherol and β-carotene treatment controlled ROS, fibrosis, hepatocyte degeneration, kupffer cell hyperplasia, hepatocyte apoptosis, sinusoidal dilatation and fluid accumulation in the liver sinusoids, and liver enzyme levels. In addition, PAI-1, tPA and uPA expressions were markedly controlled by β-carotene treatment. Thus, Angiotensin II markedly influenced hepatic damage possibly by restraining fibrinolytic system. We concluded that α-tocopherol and β-carotene treatment has salubrious role in repairing hepatic pathology.
    Matched MeSH terms: beta Carotene/pharmacology*
  16. Availability and Utilization of Pigments from Microalgae
    Begum H, Yusoff FM, Banerjee S, Khatoon H, Shariff M
    Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr, 2016 Oct 02;56(13):2209-22.
    PMID: 25674822 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2013.764841
    Microalgae are the major photosynthesizers on earth and produce important pigments that include chlorophyll a, b and c, β-carotene, astaxanthin, xanthophylls, and phycobiliproteins. Presently, synthetic colorants are used in food, cosmetic, nutraceutical, and pharmaceutical industries. However, due to problems associated with the harmful effects of synthetic colorants, exploitation of microalgal pigments as a source of natural colors becomes an attractive option. There are various factors such as nutrient availability, salinity, pH, temperature, light wavelength, and light intensity that affect pigment production in microalgae. This paper reviews the availability and characteristics of microalgal pigments, factors affecting pigment production, and the application of pigments produced from microalgae. The potential of microalgal pigments as a source of natural colors is enormous as an alternative to synthetic coloring agents, which has limited applications due to regulatory practice for health reasons.
    Matched MeSH terms: beta Carotene
  17. Fulltext Beta carotene intake and oral cancer risk
    Ng LC, Helen, Razak IA, Ghani WMN, Marhazlinda J, Rahman ZAA, Norlida A, et al.
    Ann Dent, 2015;22(1):2-5.
    MyJurnal
    This study aims to identify the relationship between dietary intakes of β-carotene with risk of oral cancer.
    Methods: A hospital-based, case-control study was conducted on 306 Malaysians who seek treatment at participating centres/hospitals. Subjects selected from the Malaysian Oral Cancer Data and Tissue Banking System (MOCDTBS) consisted of 153 cases and 153 controls that were matched for gender, age (±5 years) and ethnicity. Food consumption was measured using Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). NutrieMart Version 2.0.0 software was used to estimate daily nutrient of each subject from the FFQ. Logistic Regression analysis was conducted to compute the odds ratio (OR) for intakes of β-carotene and oral cancer risk.
    Results: Intake of β-carotene was found to be not associated with risk of oral cancer (OR 0.83, 95%CI: 0.42-1.66, p>0.05).
    Conclusion: No significant association was found between dietary intakes of β-carotene with oral cancer risk in this study population.
    Matched MeSH terms: beta Carotene*
  18. Fulltext Bioaccessibility of carotenoids and tocopherols in marine microalgae, Nannochloropsis sp. and Chaetoceros sp.
    Goh, L.P., Loh, S.P., Fatimah, M.Y., Perumal, K.
    Malays J Nutr, 2009;15(1):77-86.
    MyJurnal
    Microalgae can produce various natural products such as pigments, enzymes, unique fatty acids and vitamin that benefit humans. The objective of the study is to study the bioaccessibility of carotenoids (β-carotene and lycopene) and vitamin E (α- and β-tocopherol) of Nannochloropsis oculata and Chaetoceros calcitrans. Analyses were carried out for both the powdered forms of N. oculata and C. calcitrans, and the dried extract forms of N. oculata and C. calcitrans. In vitro digestion method together with RP-HPLC was used to determine the bioaccessibility of carotenoids and vitamin E for both forms of microalgae. Powdered form of N. oculata had the highest bioaccessibility of β-carotene (28.0 ± 0.6 g kg-1), followed by dried extract N. oculata (21.5 ± 1.1 g kg-1), dried extract C. calcitrans (16.9 ± 0.1 g kg-1), and powdered C. calcitrans (15.6 ± 0.1 g kg-1). For lycopene, dried extract of N. oculata had the highest bioaccessibility of lycopene (42.6 ± 1.1 g kg-1), followed by dried extract C. calcitrans (41.9 ± 0.6 g kg-1), powdered C. calcitrans (39.7 ± 0.1 g kg-1) and powdered N. oculata (32.6 ± 0.7 g kg-1). Dried extract C. calcitrans had the highest bioaccessibility of α-tocopherol (72.1 ± 1.2 g kg-1). However, β-tocopherol was not detected in both dried extract and powdered form of C. calcitrans. In conclusion, all samples in their dried extract forms were found to have significantly higher bioaccessibilities than their powdered forms. This may be due to the disruption of the food matrix contributing to a higher bioaccessibility of nutrients shown by the dried extract forms.
    Matched MeSH terms: beta Carotene
  19. Fulltext Bioactive compounds and "in vitro" antioxidant activity of some traditional and non-traditional cold-pressed edible oils from Macedonia
    Kostadinović Veličkovska S, Catalin Moţ A, Mitrev S, Gulaboski R, Brühl L, Mirhosseini H, et al.
    J Food Sci Technol, 2018 May;55(5):1614-1623.
    PMID: 29666513 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-018-3050-0
    The bioactive compounds and "in vitro" antioxidant activity measured by three antioxidant assays of some traditional and non-traditional cold-pressed edible oils from Macedonia were object of this study. The fatty acid composition showed dominance of monounsaturated oleic acid in "sweet" and "bitter" apricot kernel oils with percentages of 66.7 ± 0.5 and 57.8 ± 0.3%, respectively. The most dominant fatty acid in paprika seed oil was polyunsaturated linoleic acid with abundance of 69.6 ± 2.3%. The most abundant tocopherol was γ-tocopherol with the highest quantity in sesame seed oil (57.6 ± 0.1 mg/100 g oil). Paprika seed oil, sesame seed oil and sweet apricot oil were the richest source of phytosterols. DPPH assay was the most appropriate for the determination of the antioxidant activity of cold-pressed sunflower oil due to high abundance of α-tocopherol with a level of 22.8 ± 1.1 mg/100 g of oil. TEAC assay is the best for the determination of the antioxidant activity of sesame seed oil and paprika seed oils as the richest sources of phenolic compounds. β-carotene assay was the most suitable assay for oils obtained from high pigmented plant material. Triacylglycerols and phytosterol profiles can be used as useful markers for the origin, variety and purity of the oils.
    Matched MeSH terms: beta Carotene
  20. Carotenoid composition and antioxidant potential of Eucheuma denticulatum, Sargassum polycystum and Caulerpa lentillifera
    Balasubramaniam V, June Chelyn L, Vimala S, Mohd Fairulnizal MN, Brownlee IA, Amin I
    Heliyon, 2020 Aug;6(8):e04654.
    PMID: 32817893 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04654
    Three species of Malaysian edible seaweed (Eucheuma denticulatum, Sargassum polycystum and Caulerpa lentillifera) were analyzed for their carotenoid composition using a combination of high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS), while the antioxidant capacities were determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assays. The HPTLC analysis exhibited a distinct carotenoid pattern among the three seaweed groups. The UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis showed fucoxanthin as the major carotenoid present in S. polycystum while lutein and zeaxanthin in E. denticulatum. For C. lentillifera, β-carotene and canthaxanthin were the major carotenoids. Some of the carotenoids, such as rubixanthin, dinoxanthin, diatoxanthin and antheraxanthin, were also tentatively detected in E. denticulatum and S. polycystum. For antioxidant activity, S. polycystum (20 %) and E. denticulatum (1128 μmol TE/g) showed the highest activity in the DPPH and ORAC assays, respectively. The findings suggest the three edible varieties of seaweeds may provide a good dietary source with a potential to reduce antioxidative stress.
    Matched MeSH terms: beta Carotene
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