Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 202 in total

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  1. Fulltext Tocotrienol-adjuvanted dendritic cells inhibit tumor growth and metastasis: a murine model of breast cancer
    Abdul Hafid SR, Chakravarthi S, Nesaretnam K, Radhakrishnan AK
    PLoS One, 2013;8(9):e74753.
    PMID: 24069344 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074753
    Tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) from palm oil is reported to possess anti-cancer and immune-enhancing effects. In this study, TRF supplementation was used as an adjuvant to enhance the anti-cancer effects of dendritic cells (DC)-based cancer vaccine in a syngeneic mouse model of breast cancer. Female BALB/c mice were inoculated with 4T1 cells in mammary pad to induce tumor. When the tumor was palpable, the mice in the experimental groups were injected subcutaneously with DC-pulsed with tumor lysate (TL) from 4T1 cells (DC+TL) once a week for three weeks and fed daily with 1 mg TRF or vehicle. Control mice received unpulsed DC and were fed with vehicle. The combined therapy of using DC+TL injections and TRF supplementation (DC+TL+TRF) inhibited (p<0.05) tumor growth and metastasis. Splenocytes from the DC+TL+TRF group cultured with mitomycin-C (MMC)-treated 4T1 cells produced higher (p<0.05) levels of IFN-γ and IL-12. The cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) assay also showed enhanced tumor-specific killing (p<0.05) by CD8(+) T-lymphocytes isolated from mice in the DC+TL+TRF group. This study shows that TRF has the potential to be used as an adjuvant to enhance effectiveness of DC-based vaccines.
    Matched MeSH terms: Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics; Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism
  2. Expression of high-abundance proteins in sera of patients with endometrial and cervical cancers: analysis using 2-DE with silver staining and lectin detection methods
    Abdul-Rahman PS, Lim BK, Hashim OH
    Electrophoresis, 2007 Jun;28(12):1989-96.
    PMID: 17503403
    The expression of high-abundance serum proteins in newly diagnosed patients with endometrial adenocarcinoma (EACa), squamous cell cervical carcinoma (SCCa) and cervical adenocarcinoma (ACCa), relative to control female subjects, was analyzed by subjecting serum samples to 2-DE followed by image analysis of the silver-stained protein profiles. The three cohorts of cancer patients demonstrated different altered expression of serum high-abundance proteins compared to negative control women. The expression of alpha1-antitrypsin, alpha1-B glycoprotein, cleaved high-molecular-weight kininogen (light chain) and antithrombin III were consistently altered in all the patients. However, clusterin was upregulated only in the patients with EACa, while those with SCCa and ACCa were typically characterized by the upregulated expression of zinc alpha-2-glycoprotein. The aberrant expression of selective serum proteins in the various cohorts of cancer patients was validated by competitive ELISA as well as by lectin detection. Analysis by using the champedak galactose binding lectin further highlighted an unidentified protein that may be differently glycosylated in the sera of the EACa patients that were studied.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glycoproteins
  3. Antidiabetic effects of Brucea javanica seeds in type 2 diabetic rats
    Ablat A, Halabi MF, Mohamad J, Hasnan MH, Hazni H, Teh SH, et al.
    BMC Complement Altern Med, 2017 Feb 06;17(1):94.
    PMID: 28166749 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1610-x
    Brucea javanica (B. javanica) seeds, also known as "Melada pahit" in Indo-Malay region are traditionally used to treat diabetes. The objective of this study was to determine antidiabetic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of B. javanica seeds on nicotinamide (NA)-streptozotocin (STZ) induced type 2 diabetic (T2D) rats and to analyze its chemical composition that correlate with their pharmacological activities.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glycoproteins/drug effects*
  4. Fulltext Clinical glycomics for the diagnosis of congenital disorders of glycosylation
    Abu Bakar N, Lefeber DJ, van Scherpenzeel M
    J Inherit Metab Dis, 2018 May;41(3):499-513.
    PMID: 29497882 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-018-0144-9
    Clinical glycomics comprises a spectrum of different analytical methodologies to analyze glycan structures, which provides insights into the mechanisms of glycosylation. Within clinical diagnostics, glycomics serves as a functional readout of genetic variants, and can form a basis for therapy development, as was described for PGM1-CDG. Integration of glycomics with genomics has resulted in the elucidation of previously unknown disorders of glycosylation, namely CCDC115-CDG, TMEM199-CDG, ATP6AP1-CDG, MAN1B1-CDG, and PGM1-CDG. This review provides an introduction into protein glycosylation and presents the different glycomics methodologies ranging from gel electrophoresis to mass spectrometry (MS) and from free glycans to intact glycoproteins. The role of glycomics in the diagnosis of congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) is presented, including a diagnostic flow chart and an overview of glycomics data of known CDG subtypes. The review ends with some future perspectives, showing upcoming technologies as system wide mapping of the N- and O-glycoproteome, intact glycoprotein profiling and analysis of sugar metabolism. These new advances will provide additional insights and opportunities to develop personalized therapy. This is especially true for inborn errors of metabolism, which are amenable to causal therapy, because interventions through supplementation therapy can directly target the pathogenesis at the molecular level.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glycoproteins
  5. Fulltext Production and Characterization of a Bioflocculant Produced by Bacillussalmalaya 139SI-7 and Its Applications in Wastewater Treatment
    Abu Tawila ZM, Ismail S, Dadrasnia A, Usman MM
    Molecules, 2018 Oct 18;23(10).
    PMID: 30340415 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102689
    The production, optimization, and characterization of the bioflocculant QZ-7 synthesized by a novel Bacillus salmalaya strain 139SI isolated from a private farm soil in Selangor, Malaysia, are reported. The flocculating activity of bioflocculant QZ-7 present in the selected strain was found to be 83.3%. The optimal culture for flocculant production was achieved after cultivation at 35.5 °C for 72 h at pH 7 ± 0.2, with an inoculum size of 5% (v/v) and sucrose and yeast extract as carbon and nitrogen sources. The maximum flocculating activity was found to be 92.6%. Chemical analysis revealed that the pure bioflocculant consisted of 79.08% carbohydrates and 15.4% proteins. The average molecular weight of the bioflocculant was calculated to be 5.13 × 10⁵ Da. Infrared spectrometric analysis showed the presence of carboxyl (COO-), hydroxyl (-OH), and amino (-NH₂) groups, polysaccharides and proteins. The bioflocculant QZ-7 exhibited a wide pH stability range from 4 to 7, with a flocculation activity of 85% at pH 7 ± 0.2. In addition, QZ-7 was thermally stable and retained more than 80% of its flocculating activity after being heated at 80 °C for 30 min. SEM analysis revealed that QZ-7 exhibited a clear crystalline brick-shaped structure. After treating wastewater, the bioflocculant QZ-7 showed significant flocculation performance with a COD removal efficiency of 93%, whereas a BOD removal efficiency of 92.4% was observed in the B. salmalaya strain 139SI. These values indicate the promising applications of the bioflocculant QZ-7 in wastewater treatment.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glycoproteins/biosynthesis*; Glycoproteins/chemistry
  6. Proteomics, oxidative stress and male infertility
    Agarwal A, Durairajanayagam D, Halabi J, Peng J, Vazquez-Levin M
    Reprod Biomed Online, 2014 Jul;29(1):32-58.
    PMID: 24813754 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2014.02.013
    Oxidative stress has been established as one of the main causes of male infertility and has been implicated in many diseases associated with infertile men. It results from high concentrations of free radicals and suppressed antioxidant potential, which may alter protein expression in seminal plasma and/or spermatozoa. In recent years, proteomic analyses have been performed to characterize the protein profiles of seminal ejaculate from men with different clinical conditions, such as high oxidative stress. The aim of the present review is to summarize current findings on proteomic studies performed in men with high oxidative stress compared with those with physiological concentrations of free radicals, to better understand the aetiology of oxidative stress-induced male infertility. Each of these studies has suggested candidate biomarkers of oxidative stress, among them are DJ-1, PIP, lactotransferrin and peroxiredoxin. Changes in protein concentrations in seminal plasma samples with oxidative stress conditions were related to stress responses and to regulatory pathways, while alterations in sperm proteins were mostly associated to metabolic responses (carbohydrate metabolism) and stress responses. Future studies should include assessment of post-translational modifications in the spermatozoa as well as in seminal plasma proteomes of men diagnosed with idiopathic infertility. Oxidative stress, which occurs due to a state of imbalance between free radicals and antioxidants, has been implicated in most cases of male infertility. Cells that are in a state of oxidative stress are more likely to have altered protein expression. The aim of this review is to better understand the causes of oxidative stress-induced male infertility. To achieve this, we assessed proteomic studies performed on the seminal plasma and spermatozoa of men with high levels of oxidative stress due to various clinical conditions and compared them with men who had physiological concentrations of free radicals. A variety of sperm and seminal plasma proteins were found to be expressed either in abundance (over-expressed) or in a lesser amount (underexpressed), while other proteins were found to be unique either to men with oxidative stress or to men with a balanced ratio of antioxidants/free radicals. Each study included in this review suggested several proteins that could possibly act as biomarkers of oxidative stress-induced male infertility, such as protein DJ-1, PIP, lactotransferrin and peroxiredoxin. Pathway analysis performed in these studies revealed that the changes in seminal plasma proteins in men with oxidative stress could be attributed to stress responses and regulatory pathways, while changes in sperm proteins were linked to stress responses and metabolic responses. Subsequent studies could look into post-translational modifications in the protein profile of men with idiopathic infertility. We hope that the information in this review will contribute to a better understanding of the main causes of idiopathic male infertility.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glycoproteins/metabolism
  7. Dihydropyrimidones: As novel class of β-glucuronidase inhibitors
    Ali F, Khan KM, Salar U, Iqbal S, Taha M, Ismail NH, et al.
    Bioorg Med Chem, 2016 08 15;24(16):3624-35.
    PMID: 27325448 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.06.002
    Dihydropyrimidones 1-37 were synthesized via a 'one-pot' three component reaction according to well-known Biginelli reaction by utilizing Cu(NO3)2·3H2O as catalyst, and screened for their in vitro β-glucuronidase inhibitory activity. It is worth mentioning that amongst the active molecules, compounds 8 (IC50=28.16±.056μM), 9 (IC50=18.16±0.41μM), 10 (IC50=22.14±0.43μM), 13 (IC50=34.16±0.65μM), 14 (IC50=17.60±0.35μM), 15 (IC50=15.19±0.30μM), 16 (IC50=27.16±0.48μM), 17 (IC50=48.16±1.06μM), 22 (IC50=40.16±0.85μM), 23 (IC50=44.16±0.86μM), 24 (IC50=47.16±0.92μM), 25 (IC50=18.19±0.34μM), 26 (IC50=33.14±0.68μM), 27 (IC50=44.16±0.94μM), 28 (IC50=24.16±0.50μM), 29 (IC50=34.24±0.47μM), 31 (IC50=14.11±0.21μM) and 32 (IC50=9.38±0.15μM) found to be more potent than the standard d-saccharic acid 1,4-lactone (IC50=48.4±1.25μM). Molecular docking study was conducted to establish the structure-activity relationship (SAR) which demonstrated that a number of structural features of dihydropyrimidone derivatives were involved to exhibit the inhibitory potential. All compounds were characterized by spectroscopic techniques such as (1)H, (13)C NMR, EIMS and HREI-MS.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glycoproteins/pharmacology*; Glycoproteins/chemistry
  8. Fulltext Isolation and molecular characterization of type I and type II feline coronavirus in Malaysia
    Amer A, Siti Suri A, Abdul Rahman O, Mohd HB, Faruku B, Saeed S, et al.
    Virol J, 2012 Nov 21;9:278.
    PMID: 23171743 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422X-9-278
    BACKGROUND: Feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) and feline enteric coronavirus (FECV) are two important coronaviruses of domestic cat worldwide. Although FCoV is prevalent among cats; the fastidious nature of type I FCoV to grow on cell culture has limited further studies on tissue tropism and pathogenesis of FCoV. While several studies reported serological evidence for FCoV in Malaysia, neither the circulating FCoV isolated nor its biotypes determined. This study for the first time, describes the isolation and biotypes determination of type I and type II FCoV from naturally infected cats in Malaysia.

    FINDINGS: Of the total number of cats sampled, 95% (40/42) were RT-PCR positive for FCoV. Inoculation of clinical samples into Crandell feline kidney cells (CrFK), and Feline catus whole fetus-4 cells (Fcwf-4), show cytopathic effect (CPE) characterized by syncytial cells formation and later cell detachment. Differentiation of FCoV biotypes using RT-PCR assay revealed that, 97.5% and 2.5% of local isolates were type I and type II FCoV, respectively. These isolates had high sequence homology and phylogenetic similarity with several FCoV isolates from Europe, South East Asia and USA.

    CONCLUSIONS: This study reported the successful isolation of local type I and type II FCoV evident with formation of cytopathic effects in two types of cell cultures namely the CrFK and Fcwf-4 , where the later cells being more permissive. However, the RT-PCR assay is more sensitive in detecting the antigen in suspected samples as compared to virus isolation in cell culture. The present study indicated that type I FCoV is more prevalent among cats in Malaysia.

    Matched MeSH terms: Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics
  9. Fulltext Effect of different purification techniques on the characteristics of heteropolysaccharide-protein biopolymer from durian (Durio zibethinus) seed
    Amid BT, Mirhosseini H
    Molecules, 2012 Sep 10;17(9):10875-92.
    PMID: 22964503 DOI: 10.3390/molecules170910875
    Natural biopolymers from plant sources contain many impurities (e.g., fat, protein, fiber, natural pigment and endogenous enzymes), therefore, an efficient purification process is recommended to minimize these impurities and consequently improve the functional properties of the biopolymer. The main objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of different purification techniques on the yield, protein content, solubility, water- and oil-holding capacity of a heteropolysaccharide-protein biopolymer obtained from durian seed. Four different purification methods using different chemicals and solvents (i.e., A (isopropanol and ethanol), B (isopropanol and acetone), C (saturated barium hydroxide), and D (Fehling solution)] to liberate the purified biopolymer from its crude form were compared. In most cases, the purification process significantly (p < 0.05) improved the physicochemical properties of heteropolysaccharide-protein biopolymer from durian fruit seed. The present work showed that the precipitation using isopropanol and acetone (Method B) resulted in the highest purification yield among all the tested purification techniques. The precipitation using saturated barium hydroxide (Method C) led to induce the highest solubility and relatively high capacity of water absorption. The current study reveals that the precipitation using Fehling solution (Method D) most efficiently eliminates the protein fraction, thus providing more pure biopolymer suitable for biological applications.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glycoproteins/isolation & purification; Glycoproteins/chemistry*
  10. An unbiased approach for analysis of protein glycosylation and application to influenza vaccine hemagglutinin
    An Y, Cipollo JF
    Anal Biochem, 2011 Aug 1;415(1):67-80.
    PMID: 21545787 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2011.04.018
    Here a mass spectrometry-based platform for the analysis of glycoproteins is presented. Glycopeptides and released glycans are analyzed, the former by quadrupole orthogonal time-of-flight liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (QoTOF LC/MS) and the latter by permethylation analysis using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI)-TOF MS. QoTOF LC/MS analysis reveals the stochastic distribution of glycoforms at occupied sequons, and the latter provides a semiquantitative assessment of overall protein glycosylation. Hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) was used for unbiased enrichment of glycopeptides and was validated using five model N-glycoproteins bearing a wide array of glycans, including high-mannose, complex, and hybrid subtypes such as sulfo and sialyl forms. Sialyl and especially sulfated glycans are difficult to analyze because these substitutions are labile. The conditions used here allow detection of these compounds quantitatively, intact, and in the context of overall glycosylation. As a test case, we analyzed influenza B/Malaysia/2506/2004 hemagglutinin, a component of the 2006-2007 influenza vaccine. It bears 11 glycosylation sites. Approximately 90% of its glycans are high mannose, and 10% are present as complex and hybrid types, including those with sulfate. The stochastic distribution of glycoforms at glycosylation sites is revealed. This platform should have wide applications to glycoproteins in basic sciences and industry because no apparent bias for any glycoforms is observed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glycoproteins/chemistry*
  11. Differentially Expressed Genes and Their Clinical Significance in Ischaemic Stroke: An In-Silico Study
    Appunni S, Rubens M, Ramamoorthy V, Sharma H, Singh AK, Swarup V, et al.
    Malays J Med Sci, 2020 Dec;27(6):53-67.
    PMID: 33447134 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2020.27.6.6
    Background: Ischaemic stroke (IS), a multifactorial neurological disorder, is mediated by interplay between genes and the environment and, thus, blood-based IS biomarkers are of significant clinical value. Therefore, this study aimed to find global differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in-silico, to identify key enriched genes via gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and to determine the clinical significance of these genes in IS.

    Methods: Microarray expression dataset GSE22255 was retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. It includes messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression data for the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 20 controls and 20 IS patients. The bioconductor-package 'affy' was used to calculate expression and a pairwise t-test was applied to screen DEGs (P < 0.01). Further, GSEA was used to determine the enrichment of DEGs specific to gene ontology (GO) annotations.

    Results: GSEA analysis revealed 21 genes to be significantly plausible gene markers, enriched in multiple pathways among all the DEGs (n = 881). Ten gene sets were found to be core enriched in specific GO annotations. JunD, NCX3 and fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGFR4) were under-represented and glycoprotein M6-B (GPM6B) was persistently over-represented.

    Conclusion: The identified genes are either associated with the pathophysiology of IS or they affect post-IS neuronal regeneration, thereby influencing clinical outcome. These genes should, therefore, be evaluated for their utility as suitable markers for predicting IS in clinical scenarios.

    Matched MeSH terms: Glycoproteins
  12. Association of genotypes and haplotypes of multi-drug transporter genes ABCB1 and ABCG2 with clinical response to imatinib mesylate in chronic myeloid leukemia patients
    Au A, Aziz Baba A, Goh AS, Wahid Fadilah SA, Teh A, Rosline H, et al.
    Biomed Pharmacother, 2014 Apr;68(3):343-9.
    PMID: 24581936 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2014.01.009
    The introduction and success of imatinib mesylate (IM) has become a paradigm shift in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) treatment. However, the high efficacy of IM has been hampered by the issue of clinical resistance that might due to pharmacogenetic variability. In the current study, the contribution of three common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of ABCB1 (T1236C, G2677T/A and C3435T) and two SNPs of ABCG2 (G34A and C421A) genes in mediating resistance and/or good response among 215 CML patients on IM therapy were investigated. Among these patients, the frequency distribution of ABCG2 421 CC, CA and AA genotypes were significantly different between IM good response and resistant groups (P=0.01). Resistance was significantly associated with patients who had homozygous ABCB1 1236 CC genotype with OR 2.79 (95%CI: 1.217-6.374, P=0.01). For ABCB1 G2677T/A polymorphism, a better complete cytogenetic remission was observed for patients with variant TT/AT/AA genotype, compared to other genotype groups (OR=0.48, 95%CI: 0.239-0.957, P=0.03). Haplotype analysis revealed that ABCB1 haplotypes (C1236G2677C3435) was statistically linked to higher risk to IM resistance (25.8% vs. 17.4%, P=0.04), while ABCG2 diplotype A34A421 was significantly correlated with IM good response (9.1% vs. 3.9%, P=0.03). In addition, genotypic variant in ABCG2 421C>A was associated with a major molecular response (MMR) (OR=2.20, 95%CI: 1.273-3.811, P=0.004), whereas ABCB1 2677G>T/A variant was associated with a significantly lower molecular response (OR=0.49, 95%CI: 0.248-0.974, P=0.04). However, there was no significant correlation of these SNPs with IM intolerance and IM induced hepatotoxicity. Our results suggest the usefulness of genotyping of these single nucleotide polymorphisms in predicting IM response among CML patients.
    Matched MeSH terms: P-Glycoproteins/genetics
  13. Synthesis of indole analogs as potent β-glucuronidase inhibitors
    Baharudin MS, Taha M, Imran S, Ismail NH, Rahim F, Javid MT, et al.
    Bioorg Chem, 2017 06;72:323-332.
    PMID: 28505547 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2017.05.005
    Natural products are the main source of motivation to design and synthesize new molecules for drug development. Designing new molecules against β-glucuronidase inhibitory is utmost essential. In this study indole analogs (1-35) were synthesized, characterized using various spectroscopic techniques including 1H NMR and EI-MS and evaluated for their β-glucuronidase inhibitory activity. Most compounds were identified as potent inhibitors for the enzyme with IC50 values ranging between 0.50 and 53.40μM, with reference to standard d-saccharic acid 1,4-lactone (IC50=48.4±1.25μM). Structure-activity relationship had been also established. The results obtained from docking studies for the most active compound 10 showed that hydrogen bond donor features as well as hydrogen bonding with (Oε1) of nucleophilic residue Glu540 is believed to be the most importance interaction in the inhibition activity. It was also observed that hydroxyl at fourth position of benzylidene ring acts as a hydrogen bond donor and interacts with hydroxyl (OH) on the side chain of catalysis residue Tyr508. The enzyme-ligand complexed were being stabilized through electrostatic π-anion interaction with acid-base catalyst Glu451 (3.96Å) and thus preventing Glu451 from functioning as proton donor residue.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glycoproteins/chemical synthesis; Glycoproteins/pharmacology*; Glycoproteins/chemistry
  14. Fulltext Molecular analysis of 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1) in Malaysia associated with mild and severe infections
    Balraj P, Sidek H, Suppiah J, Khoo AS, Saat Z
    Malays J Pathol, 2011 Jun;33(1):7-12.
    PMID: 21874745 MyJurnal
    The 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1) was first detected in Malaysia in May 2009. It quickly spread in the general population and contributed to a number of influenza-like illness. The objective of the study is to characterize genetic changes in early Malaysian isolates of mild and severe illness of the novel influenza, and to compare sequences of viruses circulating in Malaysia to those in other countries between May to September 2009. Viral isolates of 56 mild cases and 10 severe (intensive care unit or fatal) cases were sequenced for haemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). Genome sequencing of the viral RNA was conducted on 5 isolates (3 were from fatal cases). Highly conserved sequences with few sporadic variations were identified in HA and NA. E374K and D222N were identified in 2 viral isolates from patients with severe illness. Phylogenetic analysis showed close genetic relatedness to the vaccine strain A/California/07/09 and other isolates circulating worldwide during the same period. Sporadic variations were identified in the viral isolates, however a larger sample size is required to make associations with disease severity.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/genetics*
  15. Fulltext Progress and challenges toward the development of vaccines against avian infectious bronchitis
    Bande F, Arshad SS, Bejo MH, Moeini H, Omar AR
    J Immunol Res, 2015;2015:424860.
    PMID: 25954763 DOI: 10.1155/2015/424860
    Avian infectious bronchitis (IB) is a widely distributed poultry disease that has huge economic impact on poultry industry. The continuous emergence of new IBV genotypes and lack of cross protection among different IBV genotypes have been an important challenge. Although live attenuated IB vaccines remarkably induce potent immune response, the potential risk of reversion to virulence, neutralization by the maternal antibodies, and recombination and mutation events are important concern on their usage. On the other hand, inactivated vaccines induce a weaker immune response and may require multiple dosing and/or the use of adjuvants that probably have potential safety risks and increased economic burdens. Consequently, alternative IB vaccines are widely sought. Recent advances in recombinant DNA technology have resulted in experimental IB vaccines that show promise in antibody and T-cells responses, comparable to live attenuated vaccines. Recombinant DNA vaccines have also been enhanced to target multiple serotypes and their efficacy has been improved using delivery vectors, nanoadjuvants, and in ovo vaccination approaches. Although most recombinant IB DNA vaccines are yet to be licensed, it is expected that these types of vaccines may hold sway as future vaccines for inducing a cross protection against multiple IBV serotypes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glycoproteins/immunology
  16. Synthesis, in vitro β-glucuronidase inhibitory potential and molecular docking studies of quinolines
    Bano B, Arshia, Khan KM, Kanwal, Fatima B, Taha M, et al.
    Eur J Med Chem, 2017 Oct 20;139:849-864.
    PMID: 28865280 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.08.052
    In this study synthesis and β-glucuronidase inhibitory potential of 3/5/8 sulfonamide and 8-sulfonate derivatives of quinoline (1-40) are discussed. Studies reveal that all the synthetic compounds were found to have good inhibitory activity against β-glucuronidase. Nonetheless, compounds 1, 2, 5, 13, and 22-24 having IC50 values in the range of 1.60-8.40 μM showed superior activity than the standard saccharic acid 1,4-lactone (IC50 = 48.4 ± 1.25 μM). Moreover, molecular docking studies of selected compounds were also performed to see interactions between active compounds and binding sites. Structures of all the synthetic compounds were confirmed through (1)H NMR, EI-MS and HREI-MS spectroscopic techniques.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glycoproteins/chemical synthesis; Glycoproteins/pharmacology*; Glycoproteins/chemistry
  17. Fulltext Combined analysis of ZAP-70 and CD38 expression in sudanese patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia
    Basabaeen AA, Abdelgader EA, BaHashwan OS, Babekir EA, Abdelateif NM, Bamusa SA, et al.
    BMC Res Notes, 2019 May 23;12(1):282.
    PMID: 31122288 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-019-4319-8
    OBJECTIVE: To investigate the ZAP-70 and CD38 expressions and their combined expressions in Sudanese B-CLL patients and their relationships with clinical and hematological characteristics as well as the disease staging at presentation.

    RESULTS: In the present cross-sectional descriptive study, analysis of ZAP-70 expression showed that 36/110 (32.7%) patients positively expressed ZAP-70 and insignificant higher presentation in intermediate and at advanced stages as well as no correlation was seen with hematological parameters and clinical features compared with negatively ZAP-70, on the other hand, 41/110 (37.3%) were CD38+ and no significant correlation was shown with the stage at presentation, clinical characteristics (except Splenomegaly, P = 0.02) and hematological parameters. However, in combined expressions of both ZAP-70 and CD38 together, 20/110 (18.2%) were concordantly ZAP-70+/CD38+, 53/110 (48.2%) concordantly ZAP-70-/CD38- and 37/110 (33.6%) either ZAP-70+ or CD38+, and these three groups showed insignificant correlation with clinical (except Splenomegaly, P = 0.03) and hematological parameters, and the stage at presentation. Our data showed the combined analysis of these two markers, lead to classify our patients into three subgroups (either concordant positive, negative or discordant expressions) with statistically insignificant correlation with clinical presentation (except Splenomegaly), hematological parameters and stage at presentation of B-CLL patients.

    Matched MeSH terms: Membrane Glycoproteins/blood; Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics*; Membrane Glycoproteins/immunology
  18. Evaluation of the safety, reactogenicity and immunogenicity of FluBlok® trivalent recombinant baculovirus-expressed hemagglutinin influenza vaccine administered intramuscularly to healthy adults 50-64 years of age
    Baxter R, Patriarca PA, Ensor K, Izikson R, Goldenthal KL, Cox MM
    Vaccine, 2011 Mar 9;29(12):2272-8.
    PMID: 21277410 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.01.039
    Alternative methods for influenza vaccine production are needed to ensure adequate supplies.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/immunology*
  19. Counterpoint. Cancer vaccines: single-epitope anti-idiotype vaccine versus multiple-epitope antigen vaccine
    Bhattachary-Chatterjee M, Nath Baral R, Chatterjee SK, Das R, Zeytin H, Chakraborty M, et al.
    Cancer Immunol Immunother, 2000 Jun;49(3):133-41.
    PMID: 10881692
    Anti-idiotype (Id) vaccine therapy has been tested and shown to be effective, in several animal models, for triggering the immune system to induce specific and protective immunity against bacterial, viral and parasitic infections. The administration of anti-Id antibodies as surrogate tumor-associated antigens (TAA) also represents another potential application of the concept of the Id network. Limited experience in human trials using anti-Id to stimulate immunity against tumors has shown promising results. In this "counter-point" article, we discuss our own findings showing the potential of anti-Id antibody vaccines to be novel therapeutic approaches to various human cancers and also discuss where anti-Id vaccines may perform better than traditional multiple-epitope antigen vaccines.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glycoproteins/immunology
  20. Effects of the ABCB1 C3435T single nucleotide polymorphism on major adverse cardiovascular events in acute coronary syndrome or coronary artery disease patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention and treated with clopidogrel: A systematic review and meta-analysis
    Biswas M, Rahaman S, Biswas TK, Ibrahim B
    Expert Opin Drug Saf, 2020 Dec;19(12):1605-1616.
    PMID: 33040624 DOI: 10.1080/14740338.2020.1836152
    INTRODUCTION: The effects of the ABCB1 C3435T genetic polymorphism on clopidogrel responses are conflicting and inconclusive especially in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). This study examined the pooled risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and bleeding events associated with the ABCB1 C3435T polymorphism in acute coronary syndrome or coronary artery disease patients undergoing PCI and treated with clopidogrel.

    AREAS COVERED: Literature was searched in different resources for eligible studies. The pooled risk ratio was measured using RevMan software, with p<0.05 (two-sided) set as statistically significant.

    EXPERT OPINION: The ABCB1 C3435T homozygous mutant (TT) was associated with significantly increased risk of MACE compared to either wild type genotype (CC) or the combination of wild type and heterozygous genotypes (TT vs. CC: RR 1.33; 95% CI 1.06-1.68; p=0.02; TT vs. CC+CT: RR 1.32; 95% CI 1.10-1.60; p=0.004). Safety outcomes, i.e. bleeding events were not significantly different between the genetic models investigated (TT vs. CC: RR 1.93; 95% CI 0.86-4.35; p=0.11; TT vs. CC+CT: RR 1.36; 95% CI 0.89-2.09; p=0.16; CT+TT vs. CC: RR 1.20; 95% CI 0.59-2.44; p=0.61). It is suggested that ABCB1 C3435T genotype should be tested for ACS/CAD patients undergoing PCI to ensure optimum therapy of clopidogrel.

    Matched MeSH terms: P-Glycoproteins/genetics
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