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Fulltext Inferior canaliculi punctal granuloma of the lacrimal system: a case report

Nur Aqilah S, Farizal A, Othmaliza O

Journal of Surgical Academia, 2016;6(1):39-42.
MyJurnal

Pyogenic granuloma of the eyes usually occurs after ocular surgery or inflammation related to the eyes, itself. This lesion is commonly related to procedures associated with chalazia, strabismus, or even enucleation. However, the incidence of pyogenic granuloma that arises directly from the lower canaliculi of the nasolacrimal system is rare and not being extensively reported. We report a case of an elderly lady who presented with pyogenic granuloma post EDCR with silicone stenting for left nasolacrimal duct obstruction. She presented with persistent left eye epiphora following procedure. The unusual site for pyogenic granuloma and it occurrence after EDCR raise the possibility that the condition is related to previous procedure and the material being used.

Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
Fulltext Importance of a standardized oncology curriculum in Malaysia

Poovaneswaran, Sangeetha, Khajotia, Rumi, Subramaniam, Thiruselvi

International e-Journal of Science, Medicine & Education, 2012;6(2):39-42.
MyJurnal

The incidence of cancer in Malaysia is rising alarmingly and newly qualified doctors will be expected
to be competent in the basic management of cancer patients. However, the opportunity to gain experience in oncology management will remain limited unless these students are stationed in an oncology unit which is solely dedicated to the treatment of such patients. Therefore, it is essential that undergraduate medical school training equips students with a sound knowledgebase, so that they can confidently manage basic oncological conditions appropriately. With the many private and local medical universities across the country, it is important that oncology training be standardized
and reflective of the local resources available, and government health policies. As a result, having a
standardized curriculum would help create a framework whereby competencies in cancer management would be accurately assessed.

Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
Fulltext Thyroid disorders in the aged

Peter Michael Barling

International e-Journal of Science, Medicine & Education, 2013;7(2):4-7.
MyJurnal

A review of current information related to the likely incidences of thyroid diseases in the aged population of Malaysia, raising issues such as the need for further epidemiological studies of iodine intake in relation to thyroid diseases within different geographical regions and population subtypes, the need for general country-wide iodization of salt, and the screening of elderly Malaysians for so-called “occult” thyroid diseases.

Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
Fulltext Koro-like symptoms with associated erectile dysfunction in a Rohingya refugee

Abdullah KHA, Wahab S

ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry, 2012;13(2):221-223.
MyJurnal

This case report highlights Koro-like symptoms with erectile dysfunction.
Methods: We report a case of a Rohingya refugee who presented with Koro-like symptoms associated with erectile dysfunction and severe religious guilt.
Results: Sexual dysfunction, i.e. erectile dysfunction may be a predisposing factor for a Koro incidence. Religious issues complicated by superstitious beliefs pose a treatment challenge.
Conclusion: Treating patient with sexual dysfunction should involve exploring and addressing patient's conflicts to avoid worsening of symptoms. As this case illustrates, severe anxiety can present with Koro-like symptoms.

Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
Fulltext Parapharyngeal Abscess in Immunocompromised Patients

Gani, A.N., Abdullah, A., Hazim, M.Y.S., Rozman, Z.

Medicine & Health, 2007;2(2):158-163.
MyJurnal

Parapharyngeal abscess is a serious medical condition that may lead to life-threatening complications. Its incidence has dramatically decreased since the advent of antibiotics. We report two cases of parapharyngeal abscesses in immunocompromised patients. We believe that early diagnosis, broad-spectrum antibiotics, surgery and pus drainage can prevent serious complications.

Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
Fulltext Pseudoaneurysm Of External Iliac Artery Following Septic Loosening Of Total Hip Arthroplasty

Rengsen, P., Abbas, A.A., Choon, S.K., Tai, C.C.

Malays Orthop J, 2007;1(1):42-43.
MyJurnal

The incidence of pseudoaneurysm after total hip arthroplasty is extremely rare. The most common mechanism of vascular injury is due to direct trauma during the operative procedure and most reported cases are acute in a presentation. We report an unusual case of pseudoaneurysm of the external iliac artery, presenting 6 years after initial surgery, and occurring following septic loosening of total hip arthroplasty. This case highlights the importance of prompt recognition of infection of total hip arthroplasty, and also indicates the need for prompt and appropriate treatment for these infections.

Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
Vaccine update: the association between measles-mumps-rubella vaccination (MMR) and onset of autism and inflammatory bowel disease

Lee, E.L.

Malaysian Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2001;13(1):1-12.
MyJurnal

Vaccines, used appropriately and efficiently, have changed the landscape of infectious diseases. Poliomyelitis is almost completely eliminated globally. In many industrialised countries, there has been over 99 percent reduction in incidence of diphtheria, tetanus, measles, mumps, rubella, Haemophilus in-fluenzae b meningitis and over 97 percent reduction in whooping cough.',2Unlike anti-biotics, most vaccines have remained equally effective despite years of continuous usage.

Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
Fulltext Right posterior segmental hepatic duct: role of intraoperative cholangiogram to prevent extrahepatic biliary duct injuries

Ikhwan SM, Zamri Z, Hairol O, Razman J, Affirul C

International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2015;14(2):63-66.
MyJurnal

Extrahepatic bile ducts constitute a significant anatomic site for surgeons when performing hepatobiliary
operations from minor procedure such as cholecystectomy to major operation such as hepatectomy. The
challenges for surgeon in performing such cases increase when congenital variance of biliary tree occurs which
may lead to unintentional bile duct injuries. We reported a case of a lady who presented with obstructive
jaundice secondary to huge distal common bile duct stone. The presence of right posterior segmental hepatic
duct, which rarely occurs, was discovered during intraoperative cholangiogram before common bile duct
exploration. The operation was successful without incidence of biliary duct injury.

Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
Fulltext Aggression following benzodiazepine ingestion in a forensic psychiatric patient: a case report

Ahmad Nabil Md Rosli, Singh, Suarn

ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry, 2015;16(2):241-244.
MyJurnal

The incidence of benzodiazepine paradoxical reaction is uncommon. It may be implicated with crime as will be described in this case report. Method: We report a 37 year-old schizophrenia patient who was detained by the authority under Section 392/397 of Penal Code assaulting a lady using sharp weapon. He had history of illicit substance abuse and benzodiazepine dependence with significant history of aggression associated with benzodiazepine. Just prior to the incident, he took a significant amount of various types of benzodiazepine and suffered from amnesia of that event. During the time of the offense, he was in remission as far as schizophrenia is concerned. Result: He was under the forensic psychiatric care and observation at Hospital Bahagia Ulu Kinta (HBUK). He developed withdrawal symptoms of benzodiazepine in the ward. Conclusion: He was found by the expert team to be under the influence of benzodiazepine during the offence. The role of benzodiazepine and relevant factors leading to aggression will be discussed in this manuscript.

Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
Fulltext Animal leptospirosis in Malaya: 3. Incidence in rats by sex, weight and age

Gordon Smith CE, Turner LH, Harrison JL, Broom JC

Bull World Health Organ, 1961;24(6):807-16.
PMID: 20604093

In previous papers it has been demonstrated that ground-dwelling rats are the principal reservoir of leptospirosis in Malaya. The present paper considers the distribution of infection by sex and weight in the ten principal rat species. There appears to be a general tendency for females to be infected more frequently than males, but significant differences were demonstrated only in R. sabanus (more than three times as many females as males infected) and R. whiteheadi. In Malaya, where seasonal changes are minimal, weights can be used as a good index of age in rats. In rat species with a low incidence of infection the incidence appeared to rise steadily with age. In species with a medium incidence the infection rate rose at first with age, fell in the 6-8-month age-group, and then rose again. In high-incidence species the rate rose rapidly from the second month.There appear to be three types of enzootic infection; (1) intensive transmission of a single serogroup in a crowded population of rats of a single species (transmission probably being through urinary contamination of damp soil); (2) low-intensity transmission of several serogroups among ground-rats frequenting wet places (probably with urinary transmission); and (3) low-intensity transmission of several serogroups among ground-rats in dry places (the transmission may be venereal).

Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
Serological evidence of the incidence of Japanese B encephalitis virus infection in Malaysia

HALE JH, LEE LH

Ann Trop Med Parasitol, 1955 Oct;49(3):293-8.
PMID: 13259442
Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
Intradermal Naevi of External Auditory Canal: Unusual location with a unique presentation

Yatiee SL, Mohd Khairi MD, Md Salzihan MS, Ikmal HB

Med J Malaysia, 2018 04;73(2):121-122.
PMID: 29703880 MyJurnal

The incidence of intradermal nevus in the external auditory canal is uncommon. We herein are describing a case of 60-year-old lady who presented with foreign body sensation in the right external ear canal (EAC) with mild discomfort and ear bleed during ear picking. Otoscopic examination revealed hyperpigmented mass on the floor of the outer two third of EAC. Complete excisional biopsy of the mass resulted in histopathology findings of intradermal nevus. Despite the fact that the disease is not alarming, the possibilities of benign melanocytic nevi transformation into malignant lesions such as melanoma need to be ruled out.

Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
Epidemiology of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Southern Peninsular Malaysia

Pang P, Ng YS, Sidhu J, Kok M

Med J Malaysia, 2018 04;73(2):86-89.
PMID: 29703871 MyJurnal

AIM: To record the incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), its social demographics, clinical characteristics and treatment, in the state of Johor, Malaysia.
METHODS: Hospital Sultanah Aminah, Johor Bahru, is the only public hospital in Johor with a Gastroenterology service. Data on all existing and new IBD patients managed by the Gastroenterology Unit in 2016 were collected. Incidence and prevalence of IBD in 2016 were then calculated based on the estimated population of Johor and Johor Bahru.
RESULTS: Twenty-five new cases of IBD were diagnosed in 2016. Among the 25 cases, 13 cases were Crohn's disease (CD), 10 were ulcerative colitis (UC) and two were IBD Unclassified (IBDU). The crude incidence of IBD, CD, UC and IBDU were 0.68, 0.36, 0.27, and 0.05 per 100,000 population respectively. Ethnic Indians had the highest incidence of IBD at 4.21 followed by Malays and Chinese at 0.56 and 0.18 per 100,000 population respectively. A total of 156 IBD cases were captured. Amongst them, 85 cases were UC, 68 cases were CD and three cases were IBDU, hence the prevalence of IBD, UC, CD and IBDU were 4.27, 2.33, 1.86 and 0.08 per 100,000 population respectively. Similarly, Indians had the highest prevalence at 16.84, followed by Chinese at 4.06 and Malays at 3.44 per 100,000 population.
CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of IBD in Johor is comparable to that of a previous study in northern Peninsular Malaysia. The ethnicity preponderance is similar to the previous studies conducted in Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
Fulltext Prevalence of eosinophilic/non eosinophillic nasal polyps and analysis of their presentation in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia Kelantan, Malaysia

Irfan Mohamad, Yahia Hussein Al-Hadeethi, Ramiza Ramza Ramli

International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2017;16(2):89-92.
MyJurnal

Introduction: This study is aimed to examine the predominant inflammatory cells in nasal polyps (NP) in the
local community and its correlation to the clinical presentations.

Materials and Methods: The study was
done retrospectively looking at patients who had undergone functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) in
Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM), Kelantan, Malaysia with a histopathological diagnosis of nasal
polyposis (NP), between the years 2004 to 2008. Sixty two patients between the ages of 18 years to 60 years
old were selected and data relevant to the study were collected from the patient’s folders using a specially
created form prepared for the study. The NP histopathology report from each patient underwent FESS were
analysed and the patients were divided into eosinophilic and non eosinophilic dominant group. Clinical
presentations from each patient were also gathered and analysed according to the NP group.

Results: In
HUSM, there were a higher number of eosinophilic types NP as compared to the neutrophilic type NP which
is contrary to other study conducted on Asian populations. The clinical symptom correlations between either
eosinophilic or non-eosinophilic type of NP have not shown any significant associations.

Conclusion: The
study showed that the incidence of histological subtypes of nasal polyp in HUSM is almost the same as that
found in other parts of the world (Europe and North America) which will reduce the possibility of racial or
geographical influence on the pathogenesis of the nasal polyp. Clinical symptoms and presentation alone are
not enough to differentiate the type of the nasal polyp without the histological study.

Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
Fulltext Morphology of maxillary first molars analyzed by cone-beam computed tomography among Malaysian: variations in the number of roots and canals and the incidence of fusion

Aws Hashim Al-Kadhim, Normaliza AB Malik, Azlan Jaafar, Zainul Ahmad Rajion

International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2017;16(2):33-39.
MyJurnal

Introduction: A few studies investigated the numerous potential endodontic uses of CBCT, including the
examination of root canal morphology and presumed that CBCT was effective for the initial identification of
such morphology; moreover CBCT is a reliable method for the detection of the MB2 canal when compared
with the gold standard of physical sectioning of the specimen. The aim of this study was to identify the root
and canal morphology of the maxillary first molars among Malaysians analysed by cone-beam computed
tomography (CBCT) images.

Materials and Methods: Maxillary first (n = 421) molars from Malaysian patients
(n = 241) of Malay, Chinese and Indians inceptions were examined by two Endodontists using in vivo CBCT
methods. The number and configuration of roots, the number of root canals, and the canal configuration
according to Vertucci’s classification were determined.

Results: Single roots were not found in maxillary
first molars. The incidence of fused roots was 1.995% in the first molars between mesiobuccal and
distobuccal roots. In (421) 3-rooted maxillary first molars, additional canals were found in 45.6% of the
mesiobuccal (MB) roots and 0% of the distobuccal (DB) roots. Bilateral symmetry of the MB roots was found
in 82.36% of the first molar. Only one tooth was found to have pulp stone inside the pulp chamber.

Conclusions: The root and canal configuration of a Malaysian population showed different features from
those of other populations. CBCT scans can enhance the understanding of root canal anatomy, with the
potential of improving the outcome of endodontic treatment.

Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
Fulltext Pulmonary rehabilitation using mechanical insufflation-exsufflation therapy for spinal cord injury – two case studies in the University Malaya Medical Centre

Tan, J.H., Aishah A. Fauzi, Hasnan, N.

JUMMEC, 2017;20(2):31-33.
MyJurnal

There is a high incidence of 36% to 83% of respiratory dysfunction in patients with acute cervical spinal cord
injury. Complications arising from respiratory dysfunction remain one of the most common causes of morbidity
and mortality in the spinal cord injured population. Specialized pulmonary care and therapy can help individuals
with tetraplegia to maintain a stable respiratory status allowing active participation in active rehabilitation.
This would allow them to achieve rehabilitation goals of independent function and community reintegration.
Mechanical insufflation-exsufflation (MIE) therapy is an option for secretion management in individuals with
acute spinal cord injury. In this paper, we present our experience using MIE as an adjunct to management of
secretions in the spinal cord injured population at the University of Malaya Medical Centre.

Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
Fulltext Climate change impact on coastal communities in Malaysia

Norzaida Abas, Zalina Mohd Daud, Norazizi Mohamed, Syafrina Abdul Halim

Journal of Advanced Research Design, 2017;33(1):1-7.
MyJurnal

Climate change is undeniably the greatest issue facing our society. Around the globe,
increasingly unpredictable weather patterns and extreme weather events are
observed, causing considerable risks to human lives, properties and health safety and
also on the natural ecosystem. The magnitude and impacts of climate change are
growing, and particularly in Malaysia, studies show increases in temperature and
changes in rainfall regimes. Such changes have profound implications, especially for
coastal communities. Since knowledge and perceptions of the public on climate change
could affect the success of implemented adaptation and mitigation options, it is
essential to conduct assessments to gather such information. A public awareness and
perception study was conducted at Sabak and Tanjung Karang, two coastal
communities which were affected by changes in sea level and flooding incidences. The
knowledge level and perceptions of climate change among respondents were assessed
covering areas such as level of awareness of the respondents, their perceptions of
climate change issues, their sentiments on climate change and adaptation measures,
their socio-economic activity and the effect on their lives. Results show that majority
of respondents were aware of climate change issues and challenges. High levels of
concern about climate change were expressed with the majority were worried and
uncertain about the climate change impact and hoped for government measures.
Almost half of respondents cited significant damage to their properties and reduction
in income generation. Overall, the results of the present study gave insights of the
affected parties on perceptions and awareness pertaining to climate change, which
could potentially be used to promote greater awareness of climate change matters and
to gauge the public response to related policies and strategies.

Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
Fulltext Salvodara Persica as an oral aids for Edentulous patients

Nusima Mohamed, Norlela Yacob, Wan Nor Syariza Wan Ali, Aida Ali

International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2017;16(21):3-3.
MyJurnal

Salvadora percisa (popularly known as miswak) has been widely used as an aid for
oral hygiene in dentate patient. There is no side effect of using miswak stick. A new approach
introduced the role of miswak stick in edentulous patient. It may prevent the incidence of denture
stomatitis among denture wearer. This study assessed the effectiveness of the miswak stick as an
oral aid in edentulous patients as an alternative treatment for denture stomatitis. (Copied from article).

Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
Fulltext Acute and emergency care for thyrotoxicosis and thyroid storm

Idrose AM

Acute medicine & surgery, 2015 07;2(3):147-157.
PMID: 29123713 DOI: 10.1002/ams2.104

Thyroid hormones affect all organ systems and, in excess, can cause increased metabolic rate, heart rate, ventricle contractility, and gastrointestinal motility as well as muscle and central nervous system excitability. Thyroid storm is the extreme manifestation of thyrotoxicosis with an estimated incidence of 0.20 per 100,000 per year among hospitalized patients in Japan. The mortality of thyroid storm without treatment ranges from 80% to 100%; but with treatment, the mortality rate is between 10% and 50%. The diagnostic strategy for thyroid storm may take into consideration Burch-Wartofsky scoring or Akamizu's diagnostic criteria. Multiple treatment aims need to be addressed in managing thyroid storm effectively. This paper puts together all aspects to be considered for the management of hyperthyroidism and thyroid storm during the acute and emergency phase as well as consideration of special populations.

Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
Fulltext A bench study comparing between scalpel-bougie technique and cannula-to-Melker technique in emergency cricothyroidotomy in a porcine model

Chang SS, Tong QJ, Beh ZY, Quek KH, Ang BH

Korean J Anesthesiol, 2018 Aug;71(4):289-295.
PMID: 29843506 DOI: 10.4097/kja.d.18.00025

BACKGROUND: The ideal emergency cricothyroidotomy technique remains a topic of ongoing debate. This study aimed to compare the cannula-to-Melker technique with the scalpel-bougie technique and determine whether yearly training in cricothyroidotomy techniques is sufficient for skill retention.
METHODS: We conducted an observational crossover bench study to compare the cannula-to-Melker with the scalpel-bougie technique in a porcine tracheal model. Twenty-eight anesthetists participated. The primary outcome was time taken for device insertion. Secondary outcomes were first-pass success rate, incidence of tracheal trauma, and technique preference. We also compared the data on outcome measures with the data obtained in a similar workshop a year ago.
RESULTS: The scalpel-bougie technique was significantly faster than the cannula-to-Melker technique for cricothyroidotomy (median time of 45.2 s vs. 101.3 s; P = 0.001). Both techniques had 100% success rate within two attempts; there were no significant differences in the first-pass success rates and incidence of tracheal wall trauma (P > 0.999 and P = 0.727, respectively) between them. The relative risks of inflicting tracheal wall trauma after a failed cricothyroidotomy attempt were 6.9 (95% CI 1.5-31.1), 2.3 (95% CI 0.3-20.7) and 3.0 (95% CI 0.3-25.9) for the scalpel-bougie, cannula-cricothyroidotomy, and Melker-Seldinger airway, respectively. The insertion time and incidence of tracheal wall trauma were lower when the present data were compared with data from a similar workshop conducted the previous year.
CONCLUSIONS: This study supports the use of a scalpel-bougie technique for cricothyroidotomy by anesthetists and advocates a yearly training program for skill retention.

Matched MeSH terms: Incidence

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