Displaying publications 181 - 200 of 215 in total

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  1. Bio-corrosion behavior and mechanical characteristics of magnesium-titania-hydroxyapatite nanocomposites coated by magnesium-oxide flakes and silicon for use as resorbable bone fixation material
    Khalajabadi SZ, Abu ABH, Ahmad N, Yajid MAM, Hj Redzuan NB, Nasiri R, et al.
    J Mech Behav Biomed Mater, 2018 Jan;77:360-374.
    PMID: 28985616 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2017.09.032
    This study was aimed to improve of the corrosion resistance and mechanical properties of Mg/15TiO2/5HA nanocomposite by silicon and magnesium oxide coatings prepared using a powder metallurgy method. The phase evolution, chemical composition, microstructure and mechanical properties of uncoated and coated samples were characterized. Electrochemical and immersion tests used to investigate the in vitro corrosion behavior of the fabricated samples. The adhesion strength of ~36MPa for MgO and ~32MPa for Si/MgO coatings to substrate was measured by adhesion test. Fabrication a homogenous double layer coating with uniform thicknesses consisting micro-sized particles of Si as outer layer and flake-like particles of MgO as the inner layer on the surface of Mg/15TiO2/5HA nanocomposite caused the corrosion resistance and ductility increased whereas the ultimate compressive stress decreased. However, after immersion in SBF solution, Si/MgO-coated sample indicates the best mechanical properties compared to those of the uncoated and MgO-coated samples. The increase of cell viability percentage of the normal human osteoblast (NHOst) cells indicates the improvement in biocompatibility of Mg/15TiO2/5HA nanocomposite by Si/MgO coating.
    Matched MeSH terms: Magnesium Oxide/chemistry*
  2. Magnesium-zinc scaffold loaded with tetracycline for tissue engineering application: In vitro cell biology and antibacterial activity assessment
    Dayaghi E, Bakhsheshi-Rad HR, Hamzah E, Akhavan-Farid A, Ismail AF, Aziz M, et al.
    Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl, 2019 Sep;102:53-65.
    PMID: 31147024 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.04.010
    Recently, porous magnesium and its alloys are receiving great consideration as biocompatible and biodegradable scaffolds for bone tissue engineering application. However, they presented poor antibacterial performance and corrosion resistance which limited their clinical applications. In this study, Mg-Zn (MZ) scaffold containing different concentrations of tetracycline (MZ-xTC, x = 1, 5 and 10%) were fabricated by space holder technique to meet the desirable antibacterial activity and corrosion resistance properties. The MZ-TC contains total porosity of 63-65% with pore sizes in the range of 600-800 μm in order to accommodate bone cells. The MZ scaffold presented higher compressive strength and corrosion resistance compared to pure Mg scaffold. However, tetracycline incorporation has less significant effect on the mechanical and corrosion properties of the scaffolds. Moreover, MZ-xTC scaffolds drug release profiles show an initial immediate release which is followed by more stable release patterns. The bioactivity test reveals that the MZ-xTC scaffolds are capable of developing the formation of HA layers in simulated body fluid (SBF). Next, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria were utilized to assess the antimicrobial activity of the MZ-xTC scaffolds. The findings indicate that those scaffolds that incorporate a high level concentration of tetracycline are tougher against bacterial organization than MZ scaffolds. However, the MTT assay demonstrates that the MZ scaffolds containing 1 to 5% tetracycline are more effective to sustain cell viability, whereas MZ-10TC shows some toxicity. The alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of the MZ-(1-5)TC was considerably higher than that of MZ-10TC on the 3 and 7 days, implying higher osteoblastic differentiation. All the findings suggest that the MZ-xTC scaffolds containing 1 to 5% tetracycline is a promising candidate for bone tissue healing due to excellent antibacterial activity and biocompatibility.
    Matched MeSH terms: Magnesium/pharmacology*
  3. Fulltext The Impact of Magnesium-Aluminum-Layered Double Hydroxide-Based Polyvinyl Alcohol Coated on Magnetite on the Preparation of Core-Shell Nanoparticles as a Drug Delivery Agent
    Ebadi M, Buskaran K, Saifullah B, Fakurazi S, Hussein MZ
    Int J Mol Sci, 2019 Aug 01;20(15).
    PMID: 31374834 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153764
    One of the current developments in drug research is the controlled release formulation of drugs, which can be released in a controlled manner at a specific target in the body. Due to the diverse physical and chemical properties of various drugs, a smart drug delivery system is highly sought after. The present study aimed to develop a novel drug delivery system using magnetite nanoparticles as the core and coated with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), a drug 5-fluorouracil (5FU) and Mg-Al-layered double hydroxide (MLDH) for the formation of FPVA-FU-MLDH nanoparticles. The existence of the coated nanoparticles was supported by various physico-chemical analyses. In addition, the drug content, kinetics, and mechanism of drug release also were studied. 5-fluorouracil (5FU) was found to be released in a controlled manner from the nanoparticles at pH = 4.8 (representing the cancerous cellular environment) and pH = 7.4 (representing the blood environment), governed by pseudo-second-order kinetics. The cytotoxicity study revealed that the anticancer delivery system of FPVA-FU-MLDH nanoparticles showed much better anticancer activity than the free drug, 5FU, against liver cancer and HepG2 cells, and at the same time, it was found to be less toxic to the normal fibroblast 3T3 cells.
    Matched MeSH terms: Magnesium Hydroxide/chemistry*
  4. Cytotoxicity Analysis of Morphologically Different Sol-Gel-Synthesized MgO Nanoparticles and Their In Vitro Insulin Resistance Reversal Ability in Adipose cells
    Jeevanandam J, Chan YS, Danquah MK, Law MC
    Appl Biochem Biotechnol, 2020 Apr;190(4):1385-1410.
    PMID: 31776944 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-019-03166-z
    Insulin resistance is one of the major factors that leads to type 2 diabetes. Although insulin therapies have been shown to overcome insulin resistance, overweight and hypoglycemia are still observed in most cases. The disadvantages of insulin therapies have driven the interest in developing novel curative agents with enhanced insulin resistance reversibility. Magnesium deficiency has also been recognized as a common problem which leads to insulin resistance in both type 1 and 2 diabetes. Oxide nanoparticles demonstrate highly tunable physicochemical properties that can be exploited by engineers to develop unique oxide nanoparticles for tailored applications. Magnesium supplements for diabetic cells have been reported to increase the insulin resistance reversibility. Hence, it is hypothesized that magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles could be molecularly engineered to offer enhanced therapeutic efficacy in reversing insulin resistance. In the present work, morphologically different MgO nanoparticles were synthesized and evaluated for biophysical characteristics, biocompatibility, cytotoxicity, and insulin resistance reversibility. MTT assay revealed that hexagonally shaped MgO nanoparticles are less toxic to 3T3-L1 adipose cells (diabetic) compared with spherically and rod-shaped MgO nanoparticles. MTT assays using VERO cells (normal, non-diabetic) showed that 400 μg/ml of hexagonal MgO nanoparticles were less toxic to both diabetic and non-diabetic cells. DNS glucose assay and western blot showed that hexagonally shaped MgO nanoparticles had reversed 29.5% of insulin resistance whilst fluorescence microscopy studies indicated that the insulin resistance reversal is due to the activation of intracellular enzymes. The probable mechanism for MgO nanoparticles to induce cytotoxic effect and insulin resistance reversal is discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Magnesium Oxide/chemistry*
  5. Co-incorporation of graphene oxide/silver nanoparticle into poly-L-lactic acid fibrous: A route toward the development of cytocompatible and antibacterial coating layer on magnesium implants
    Bakhsheshi-Rad HR, Ismail AF, Aziz M, Akbari M, Hadisi Z, Khoshnava SM, et al.
    Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl, 2020 Jun;111:110812.
    PMID: 32279830 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.110812
    Magnesium (Mg) alloys present great potential for the development of orthopedic implants, whereas, their high degradation rate and poor antibacterial performance have restricted orthopedic applications. In this work, PLLA/GO-AgNP (poly-L-lactic acid/graphene oxide- silver nanoparticle) with different concentration of GO-AgNPs were deposited on Mg alloy via electrospinning method for enhancement of corrosion resistance and antibacterial performance. The result revealed that incorporation of GO into PLLA fibrous considerably slowed down the degradation rate of Mg alloy substrate and reduced the H2 release rate from the substrate. Also, co-incorporation of GO and AgNPs into PLLA fibrous resulted in substantial escalate in compressive strength after immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF). Antibacterial activity test exhibited that Mg alloy and neat PLLA fibrous presented minimal inhibition area toward Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). In contrast, using PLLA/GO-AgNPs fibrous improved antibacterial performance against both bacteria. Cytocompatibility results indicated that PLLA/GO-AgNPs fibrous with a low amount of GO-AgNPs enhanced cell proliferation and growth while high co-incorporation of GO-AgNPs showed a negative effect on cell proliferation. Taken together, PLLA/1GO-AgNPs fibrous coating shows suitable corrosion resistance, cytocompatibility, and antibacterial function for use in orthopedic applications.
    Matched MeSH terms: Magnesium/pharmacology*
  6. Self-assembled nanocomposite of organic-inorganic hybrid: 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate in Zn-Al hydrotalcite-like layers
    Hussein MZ, Mohd Amin JB, Zainal Z, Yahaya AH
    J Nanosci Nanotechnol, 2002 Apr;2(2):143-6.
    PMID: 12908300
    Hydrotalcite-like inorganic layers of Zn-Al, a host containing an organic moiety, 2,4-dichlorophenoxy-acetate, as a guest, was prepared by the spontaneous self-assembly method from an aqueous solution for the formation of a new layered organic-inorganic hybrid nanocomposite material. In this synthesis, the host- and guest-forming species were simultaneously included in the mother liquor, aged, and separated. Various Zn/Al ratios (R = 2, 3, and 4), concentrations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (0.03-0.1 M), and pH (7 and 10) were studied to optimize the formation of the layered nancomposite. It was found that the optimum conditions for the formation of the nanocomposite were R = 4, pH 7, and concentration of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid = 0.08 M. X-ray diffraction shows that this sample affords a nanolayered structure with a basal spacing of 24.6 A.
    Matched MeSH terms: Magnesium Hydroxide/chemistry*
  7. Mechanism of the anticataract effect of liposomal MgT in galactose-fed rats
    Iezhitsa I, Agarwal R, Saad SD, Zakaria FK, Agarwal P, Krasilnikova A, et al.
    Mol Vis, 2016;22:734-47.
    PMID: 27440992
    PURPOSE: Increased lenticular oxidative stress and altered calcium/magnesium (Ca/Mg) homeostasis underlie cataractogenesis. We developed a liposomal formulation of magnesium taurate (MgT) and studied its effects on Ca/Mg homeostasis and lenticular oxidative and nitrosative stress in galactose-fed rats.

    METHODS: The galactose-fed rats were topically treated with liposomal MgT (LMgT), liposomal taurine (LTau), or corresponding vehicles twice daily for 28 days with weekly anterior segment imaging. At the end of the experimental period, the lenses were removed and subjected to analysis for oxidative and nitrosative stress, Ca and Mg levels, ATP content, Ca(2+)-ATPase, Na(+),K(+)-ATPase, and calpain II activities.

    RESULTS: The LTau and LMgT groups showed significantly lower opacity index values at all time points compared to the corresponding vehicle groups (p<0.001). However, the opacity index in the LMgT group was lower than that in the LTau group (p<0.05). Significantly reduced oxidative and nitrosative stress was observed in the LTau and LMgT groups. The lens Ca/Mg ratio in LMgT group was decreased by 1.15 times compared to that in the LVh group. Calpain II activity in the LMgT group was decreased by 13% compared to the LVh group. The ATP level and Na(+),K(+)-ATPase and Ca(2+)-ATPase activities were significantly increased in the LMgT group compared to the LVh group (p<0.05).

    CONCLUSIONS: Topical liposomal MgT delays cataractogenesis in galactose-fed rats by maintaining the lens mineral homeostasis and reducing lenticular oxidative and nitrosative stress.

    Matched MeSH terms: Magnesium/metabolism
  8. Fulltext Early outcome of congenital diaphragmatic hernia in a Malaysian tertiary centre
    Rohana J, Boo NY, Thambidorai CR
    Singapore Med J, 2008 Feb;49(2):142-4.
    PMID: 18301842
    This prospective observational study was conducted to determine the outcome of newborns with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). They were managed with a protocol of gentle ventilation to avoid barotraumas, and inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) or intravenous magnesium sulphate for treatment of persistent pulmonary hypertension of newborns (PPHN).
    Matched MeSH terms: Magnesium Sulfate/administration & dosage
  9. The potential reuse of soybean husk as feedstock of Eudrilus eugeniae in vermicomposting
    Lim PN, Wu TY, Sim EY, Lim SL
    J Sci Food Agric, 2011 Nov;91(14):2637-42.
    PMID: 21725978 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.4504
    Soybean (Glycine max L.) is one the most commonly consumed legumes worldwide, with 200 million metric tons produced per year. However, the inedible soy husk would usually be removed during the process and the continuous generation of soybean husk may represent a major disposal problem for soybean processing industries. Thus, the main aim of the present study was to investigate the possibility to convert soybean husk (S) amended with market-rejected papaya (P) into vermicompost using Eudrilus eugeniae.
    Matched MeSH terms: Magnesium/analysis
  10. Fulltext Eliminating aluminum toxicity in an acid sulfate soil for rice cultivation using plant growth promoting bacteria
    Panhwar QA, Naher UA, Radziah O, Shamshuddin J, Razi IM
    Molecules, 2015 Feb 20;20(3):3628-46.
    PMID: 25710843 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20033628
    Aluminum toxicity is widely considered as the most important limiting factor for plants growing in acid sulfate soils. A study was conducted in laboratory and in field to ameliorate Al toxicity using plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB), ground magnesium limestone (GML) and ground basalt. Five-day-old rice seedlings were inoculated by Bacillus sp., Stenotrophomonas maltophila, Burkholderia thailandensis and Burkholderia seminalis and grown for 21 days in Hoagland solution (pH 4.0) at various Al concentrations (0, 50 and 100 μM). Toxicity symptoms in root and leaf were studied using scanning electron microscope. In the field, biofertilizer (PGPB), GML and basalt were applied (4 t·ha-1 each). Results showed that Al severely affected the growth of rice. At high concentrations, the root surface was ruptured, leading to cell collapse; however, no damages were observed in the PGPB inoculated seedlings. After 21 days of inoculation, solution pH increased to >6.0, while the control treatment remained same. Field study showed that the highest rice growth and yield were obtained in the bio-fertilizer and GML treatments. This study showed that Al toxicity was reduced by PGPB via production of organic acids that were able to chelate the Al and the production of polysaccharides that increased solution pH. The release of phytohormones further enhanced rice growth that resulted in yield increase.
    Matched MeSH terms: Magnesium/pharmacology*
  11. Studying the effects of nucleating agents on texture modification of puffed corn-fish snack
    Shahmohammadi HR, Bakar J, Rahman RA, Adzhan NM
    J Food Sci, 2014 Feb;79(2):E178-83.
    PMID: 24410375 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.12324
    To improve textural attributes of puffed corn-fish snack, the effects of 1%, 1.5%, and 2% of calcium carbonate, magnesium silicate (talc), sodium bicarbonate as well as 5% and 10% of wheat bran (as the nucleating materials) on textural attributes were studied. Sensory evaluation, bulk density, expansion ratio, maximum force, and count peaks were measured using the Kramer test. The results showed that all of the additives except bran significantly enhanced the texture. Among them, talc at 0.5% was the best to enhance the density and expansion ratio. Effects of using 0.5% talc on puffed corn-fish snack microstructure were studied using scanning electron microscopy. The average cell diameter of 109 ± 48 μm and cell numbers per square centimeter of 67.4 for talc-treated products were obtained, while for nontalc-treated extrudates, average cell diameter of 798 ± 361 μm and cell numbers per square centimeter of 13.9 were found. Incorporation of 0.5% w/w of magnesium silicate reduced (7-fold) the average cell diameter while increased (4-fold) the cell number.
    Matched MeSH terms: Magnesium Silicates/chemistry
  12. Fulltext Preparation and controlled-release studies of a protocatechuic acid-magnesium/aluminum-layered double hydroxide nanocomposite
    Barahuie F, Hussein MZ, Hussein-Al-Ali SH, Arulselvan P, Fakurazi S, Zainal Z
    Int J Nanomedicine, 2013;8:1975-87.
    PMID: 23737666 DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S42718
    In the study reported here, magnesium/aluminum (Mg/Al)-layered double hydroxide (LDH) was intercalated with an anticancer drug, protocatechuic acid, using ion-exchange and direct coprecipitation methods, with the resultant products labeled according to the method used to produce them: "PANE" (ie, protocatechuic acid-Mg/Al nanocomposite synthesized using the ion-exchange method) and "PAND" (ie, protocatechuic acid-Mg/Al nanocomposite synthesized using the direct method), respectively. Powder X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the intercalation of protocatechuic acid into the inter-galleries of Mg/Al-LDH. The protocatechuic acid between the interlayers of PANE and PAND was found to be a monolayer, with an angle from the z-axis of 8° for PANE and 15° for PAND. Thermogravimetric and differential thermogravimetric analysis results revealed that the thermal stability of protocatechuic acid was markedly enhanced upon intercalation. The loading of protocatechuic acid in PANE and PAND was estimated to be about 24.5% and 27.5% (w/w), respectively. The in vitro release study of protocatechuic acid from PANE and PAND in phosphate-buffered saline at pH 7.4, 5.3, and 4.8 revealed that the nanocomposites had a sustained release property. After 72 hours incubation of PANE and PAND with MCF-7 human breast cancer and HeLa human cervical cancer cell lines, it was found that the nanocomposites had suppressed the growth of these cancer cells, with a half maximal inhibitory concentration of 35.6 μg/mL for PANE and 36.0 μg/mL for PAND for MCF-7 cells, and 19.8 μg/mL for PANE and 30.3 μg/mL for PAND for HeLa cells. No half maximal inhibitory concentration for either nanocomposite was found for 3T3 cells.
    Matched MeSH terms: Magnesium/chemistry
  13. Twenty-four-hour urine constituents in stone formers: a study from the northeast part of Peninsular Malaysia
    Hussein NS, Sadiq SM, Kamaliah MD, Norakmal AW, Gohar MN
    Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl, 2013 May;24(3):630-7.
    PMID: 23640651
    Urolithiasis is a common disease with increasing incidence and prevalence world-wide, probably more common in industrialized countries. The metabolic evaluation of 24-h urine collection has been considered as part of the management of urinary stone patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the 24-h urine constituents in stone formers and its relation to demographic data in the northeast part of Peninsular Malaysia. One hundred and six patients were recruited in this study from two hospitals in the same geographical region; 96 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria and an informed consent was obtained from all subjects. The 24-h urine was collected in sterile bottles with a preservative agent and calcium, oxalate, citrate, uric acid, magnesium and phosphate were tested using commercial kits on a Roche Hitachi 912 chemistry analyzer. The age (mean ± SD) of 96 patients was 56.45 ± 13.43 years and 82.3% of the patients were male while 17.7% were female. The 24-h urine abnormalities were hypercalciuria (14.5%), hyperoxaluria (61.4%), hypocitraturia (57.2%), hyperuricouria (19.7%), hypomagnesuria (59.3%) and hyperphosphaturia (12.5%). Hyperoxaluria (61.4%) was the most common abnormality detected during the analysis of 24-h urine constituents in contradiction to industrial countries, where hypercalciuria was the most common finding. The high frequencies of hypomagnesuria and hypocitraturia reflect the important role of magnesium and citrate in stone formation and their prophylactic role in the treatment of urinary stone disease in the given population.
    Matched MeSH terms: Magnesium/urine
  14. In vitro calcium availability in bakery products fortified with tuna bone powder as a natural calcium source
    Nemati M, Kamilah H, Huda N, Ariffin F
    Int J Food Sci Nutr, 2015 Aug;67(5):535-40.
    PMID: 27144766 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2016.1179269
    Avoidance of dairy products due to lactose intolerance can lead to insufficiency of calcium (Ca) in the body. In an approach to address this problem, tuna bone powder (TBP) was formulated as a calcium supplement to fortify bakery products. In a study, TBP recovered by alkaline treatment contained 38.16 g/100 g of calcium and 23.31 g/100 g of phosphorus. The ratio of Ca:P that was close to 2:1 was hence comparable to that in human bones. The availability of calcium in TBP was 53.93%, which was significantly higher than most calcium salts, tricalcium phosphate (TCP) being the exception. In vitro availability of calcium in TBP-fortified cookies or TCP-fortified cookies were comparable at 38.9% and 39.5%, respectively. These values were higher than the readings from TBP-fortified bread (36.7%) or TCP-fortified bread (37.4%). Sensory evaluation of bakery products containing TBP or TCP elicited comparable scores for the two additives from test panels. Hence, TBP could be used in the production of high calcium bakery products that would enjoy consumer acceptance.
    Matched MeSH terms: Magnesium/analysis
  15. Enhanced Catalytic Activity, Facile Synthesis and Characterization Studies of Spinel Mn-Co Aluminate Nano-Catalysts
    Bhavani P, Manikandan A, Jaganathan SK, Shankar S, Antony SA
    J Nanosci Nanotechnol, 2018 Feb 01;18(2):1388-1395.
    PMID: 29448597 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2018.14112
    Undoped and Mn2+ doped CoAl2O4 (MnxCo1-xAl2O4; x = 0.0 to 1.0) spinel nanoparticles were successfully synthesized by a microwave heating method using glycine as the fuel. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) was confirmed the cubic spinel structure. The average crystallite size of the samples was found to be in the range of 16.46 nm to 20.25 nm calculated by Scherrer's formula. The nano-sized particle-like morphology of the samples was confirmed by high resolution scanning electron microscopy (HR-SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) analysis. Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) results showed the pure form of spinel aluminate structure. The band gap energy (Eg) of pure CoAl2O4 was estimated to be 3.68 eV from UV-Visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), and the Eg values increased with increase of Mn2+ ions, due to the smaller grain size. The magnetic hysteresis (M-H) loop showed the superparamagnetic nature, and the magnetization and coercivity values increased with increasing Mn2+ ions, which was confirmed by vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). All compositions of the nano-catalysts were tested as catalyst successfully for the conversion of benzyl alcohol into benzaldehyde and observed good catalytic activity.
    Matched MeSH terms: Magnesium Oxide
  16. Novel Synthesis and Characterization Studies of Spinel Ni x Co1-xAl₂O₄ (x= 0.0 to 1.0) Nano-Catalysts for the Catalytic Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohol
    Suguna S, Shankar S, Jaganathan SK, Manikandan A
    J Nanosci Nanotechnol, 2018 Feb 01;18(2):1019-1026.
    PMID: 29448527 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2018.13960
    Ni-doped cobalt aluminate NixCo1-xAl2O4 (x = 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0) spinel nanoparticles were successfully synthesized by a simple microwave combustion method using urea as the fuel and as well as reducing agent. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) was confirmed the formation of single phase, cubic spinel cobalt-nickel aluminate structure without any other impurities. Average crystallite sizes of the samples were found to be in the range of 18.93 nm to 21.47 nm by Scherrer's formula. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectral analysis was confirmed the corresponding functional groups of the M-O, Al-O and M-Al-O (M = Co and Ni) bonds of spinel NixCo1-xAl2O4 structure. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) images was confirmed the particle like nanostructured morphology. Energy band gap (Eg) value was calculated using UV-Visible diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS) and the Eg values increased with increasing Ni2+ dopant from x = 0.2 (3.58 eV) to x = 1.0 (4.15 eV). Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) measurements exposed that undoped and Ni-doped CoAl2O4 samples have superparamagnetic behavior and the magnetization (Ms) values were increased with increasing Ni2+ ions. Spinel NixCo1-xAl2O4 samples has been used for the catalytic oxidation of benzyl alcohol into benzaldehyde and was found that the sample Ni0.6Co0.4Al2O4 showed higher conversion 94.37% with 100% selectivity than other samples, which may be due to the smaller particle size and higher surface area.
    Matched MeSH terms: Magnesium Oxide
  17. Fulltext Vitamin E improved bone strength and bone minerals in male rats given alcohol
    Zakaria S, Mat-Husain SZ, Ying-Hwey K, Xin-Kai K, Mohd-Badawi A, Abd-Ghani NA, et al.
    Iran J Basic Med Sci, 2017 Dec;20(12):1360-1367.
    PMID: 29238472 DOI: 10.22038/IJBMS.2017.9610
    Objectives: Alcohol consumption induces oxidative stress on bone, which in turn increases the risk of osteoporosis. This study determined the effects of vitamin E on bone strength and bone mineral content in alcohol-induced osteoporotic rats.

    Materials and Methods: Three months old Sprague Dawley male rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: (I) control group; (II) alcohol (3g/kg) + normal saline; (III) alcohol (3g/kg) + olive oil; (IV) alcohol (3g/kg) + alpha-tocopherol (60mg/kg) and (V) alcohol (3g/kg) + palm vitamin E (60mg/kg). The treatment lasted for three months. Following sacrifice, the right tibia was subjected to bone biomechanical test while the lumbar (fourth and fifth lumbar) and left tibia bones were harvested for bone mineral measurement.

    Results: Alcohol caused reduction in bone biomechanical parameters (maximum force, ultimate stress, yield stress and Young's modulus) and bone minerals (bone calcium and magnesium) compared to control group (P<0.05). Palm vitamin E was able to improve bone biomechanical parameters by increasing the maximum force, ultimate stress and Young's modulus (P<0.05) while alpha-tocopherol was not able to. Both alpha-tocopherol and palm vitamin E were able to significantly increase tibia calcium and magnesium content while only alpha-tocopherol caused significant increase in lumbar calcium content (P<0.05).

    Conclusion: Both palm vitamin E and alpha-tocopherol improved bone mineral content which was reduced by alcohol. However, only palm vitamin E was able to improve bone strength in alcohol treated rats.

    Matched MeSH terms: Magnesium
  18. Fulltext Comparison between magnesium sulphate and esmolol in attenuating haemodynamic responses to laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation
    Norhuzaimah, J., Liu, C. Y., Muhammad, M., Joanna Ooi ,S. M.
    Journal of Surgical Academia, 2018;8(1):0-0.
    MyJurnal
    During induction of general anaesthesia, the act of laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation stimulates the sympathetic
    nervous system resulting in an increase in blood pressure and heart rate which may be harmful especially in elderly
    patients with pre-existing ischaemic heart disease. Several drugs have therefore been used to obtund this increase
    including esmolol, nicardipine, magnesium sulphate and lignocaine. This prospective, double blind randomised
    clinical trial compared the efficacy of magnesium sulphate and esmolol in attenuating haemodynamic responses to
    laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation. One hundred and twenty six ASA I-II patients scheduled for elective surgery
    requiring general anaesthesia with tracheal intubation were enrolled and randomised into two groups: Group 1 (n =
    67) received MgSO4 40 mg/kg diluted in 100 ml normal saline administered over ten minutes, whereas Group 2 (n =
    59) received a bolus of esmolol 1.0 mg/kg diluted to 10 ml. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures and heart rate were
    recorded every minute for subsequent 10 minutes following laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation. Attenuation of the
    mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures following laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation was significantly larger
    in Group 2 compared to Group 1. Patients in Group 2 had significantly better suppression of heart rate response
    compared to Group 1 during the first four minutes after laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation (p
    Matched MeSH terms: Magnesium Sulfate
  19. Fulltext Zamzam water: influence of containers on ionic concentration and in-vitro cytotoxic effects on U87 cell line
    Nasir Mohamad, Shariff Halim, Mohd Ekhwan Toriman, Nor Hidayah Abu Bakar, Ahmad Zubaidi A. Latif
    Malaysian Journal of Applied Sciences, 2018;1(1):68-72.
    MyJurnal
    Zamzam is holy water believed by Muslim to have remedial power for all kinds of diseases. It contains
    many electrolytes and the concentration of the electrolytes may be affected by the types of container
    used for its storage. This study was carried out to determine the difference in ions concentration of
    Zamzam water stored in plastic and glass containers, and to determine cytotoxicity effects of Zamzam
    water against U-87 cell line (human primary glioblastoma cell line). Ion Chromatography (IC) was used
    to analyze the concentration. The analyzed anions in the Zamzam water include bromide, chloride,
    phosphate, nitrite, nitrate, sulfate and fluoride whereas the cations were ammonium, lithium, potassium,
    sodium, calcium and magnesium. Subsequently, MTT assay was used to determine the cytotoxicity of
    Zamzam water on U-87 cell line. This study reveals that Zamzam water anions and cations
    concentration was not statistically significant neither in plastic nor glass container. In addition, the
    Zamzam water did not cause any toxicity on the U87 cell line. We postulate that types of container do
    not have much influence on the ion concentration of Zamzam water and it is non-toxic on U87 cell line.
    Matched MeSH terms: Magnesium
  20. Fulltext Seasonal quality variation and environmental risks associated with the consumption of surface water: implication from the Landzun Stream, Bida Nigeria
    Daramola J, M Ekhwan T, Adepehin EJ, Mokhtar J, Lam KC, Er AC
    Heliyon, 2019 Jul;5(7):e02121.
    PMID: 31384682 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02121
    Water constitutes a major environmental and public health concerns worldwide. A large proportion of global water consumption is sourced from surface water. The dependency level on surface water is higher in developing countries, especially in rural-to-semi-urban areas, where subsurface water is not accessible. Presented in this paper is a spatiotemporal and hydrochemical quality assessment of the spring-originated Landzun Stream in Bida, Nigeria; which is usually consumed in its untreated state. Water samples were systematically collected in eighteen locations along the stream channel in both rainy and dry seasons at an equidistance interval of 500m. On-site and laboratory measurement of important physical and hydrochemical parameters were carried out using standard procedures. Water temperature in the rainy season (34-37 °C) slightly exceeds measured values in the dry season (29-33 °C). 72.22% (rainy) and 83.33% (dry) of collected samples did not meet the odourless requirement for drinking water. Similarly, estimated percentages of 66.67 and 94.44 of collected samples in rainy and dry seasons respectively have a taste. Contrary to data in the rainy season, 89%, 11%, 67% and 56% of the dry season's samples were enriched in magnesium (Mg), lead (Pb), potassium (K) and iron (Fe) respectively above the 2018 World Health Organisation guidelines for drinking water. This study further established that seasonal variation plays a major role in altering the aesthetic surface water quality. The intake of untreated surface water is a vehicle for potential water-borne diseases and allergies, hence alternative sources of drinking water for the populace dependent on the Landzun Stream is recommended to reduce risks and possible dangers of consuming the stream water.
    Matched MeSH terms: Magnesium
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