Displaying publications 221 - 240 of 309 in total

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  1. Fulltext Comparison between tocotrienol and omeprazole on gastric growth factors in stress-exposed rats
    Nur Azlina MF, Qodriyah HMS, Chua KH, Kamisah Y
    World J Gastroenterol, 2017 Aug 28;23(32):5887-5894.
    PMID: 28932080 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i32.5887
    AIM: To investigate and compare the effects of tocotrienol and omeprazole on gastric growth factors in rats exposed to water-immersion restraint stress (WIRS).

    METHODS: Twenty-eight male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to four groups of seven rats. The two control groups were administered vitamin-free palm oil (vehicle) and the two treatment groups were given omeprazole (20 mg/kg) or tocotrienol (60 mg/kg) by oral gavage. After 28 d of treatment, rats from one control group and both treated groups were subjected to WIRS one time for 3.5 h. Gastric lesions were measured and gastric tissues were obtained to measure vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-α) mRNA expression.

    RESULTS: Rats exposed to WIRS for 3.5 h demonstrated the presence of considerable ulcers in the form of gastric erosion. The lesion index in the stressed control (S) group was increased (P < 0.001) compared to the tocotrienol treated and omeprazole treated groups. Stress led to a decrease in gastric VEGF (P < 0.001), bFGF (P < 0.001) and TGF-α (P < 0.001) mRNA levels and caused an increase in EGF mRNA (P < 0.001) that was statistically significant compared to the non-stressed control group. Although both treatment agents exerted similar ulcer reducing ability, only treatment with tocotrienol led to increased expression of VEGF (P = 0.008), bFGF (P = 0.001) and TGF-α (P = 0.002) mRNA.

    CONCLUSION: Tocotrienol provides gastroprotective effects in WIRS-induced ulcers. Compared to omeprazole, tocotrienol exerts a similar protective effect, albeit through multiple mechanisms of protection, particularly through up-regulation of growth factors that assist in repair of gastric tissue injuries.

    Matched MeSH terms: Stomach Ulcer/drug therapy*; Stomach Ulcer/etiology; Stomach Ulcer/pathology
  2. Gastroprotective activity and mechanism of novel dichlorido-zinc(II)-4-(2-(5-methoxybenzylideneamino)ethyl)piperazin-1-iumphenolate complex on ethanol-induced gastric ulceration
    Salga MS, Ali HM, Abdulla MA, Abdelwahab SI
    Chem Biol Interact, 2012 Jan 25;195(2):144-53.
    PMID: 22178775 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2011.11.008
    Zinc complexes were reported to have anti-ulcer activity and used as drug for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. A novel compound dichlorido-zinc(II)-4-(2-(5-methoxybenzylidene amino)ethyl)piperazin-1-iumphenolate (ZnHMS) was synthesized, characterized and evaluated for its gastroprotective activity against ethanol-induced ulcer in rats. Gross and microscopic lesions, histochemical staining of glycogen storage, biochemical and immunological parameters were taken into consideration. Oral administration of ZnHMS (30 and 60 mg/kg; 14 days) dose-dependently inhibited gastric lesions. It significantly increased the mucus content and total acidity compared to the control group (P<0.01). Serum levels of aspartate (AST), alanine (ALT) transaminases, pro-inflammatory interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and anti-inflammatory interleukin-10 (IL-10) in the rats exposed to ethanol induced ulceration have been altered. ZnHMS considerably enhances (P<0.05) the protection of gastric epithelia by modulating the acute alterations of AST, ALT, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and stomach glycogen. Interestingly, ZnHMS did interfere with the natural release of nitric oxide. In addition, acute toxicity study revealed no abnormal sign to the rats treated with ZnHMS (2000 mg/kg). These findings suggest that the gastroprotective activity of ZnHMS might contribute in adjusting the inflammatory cytokine-mediated oxidative damage to the gastric mucosa.
    Matched MeSH terms: Stomach Ulcer/drug therapy*; Stomach Ulcer/metabolism; Stomach Ulcer/pathology
  3. Fulltext THE DESCRIPTION OF NEMATODE IN BARBONYMUS SCHWANENFELDII AT KENYIR LAKE, TERENGGANU
    N.Hafiza, Faizah Shaharom-Harrison
    UMT Journal of Undergraduate Research, 2020;2(1):31-36.
    MyJurnal
    Cucullanus sp. is a genus of nematode infecting Barbonymus schwanenfeldii. It is categorized under Family Cucullunidae. The genus Cucullanus sp consists of various species around the world, parasitizing freshwater, brackish-water or marine fishes. Cucullanus sp are mainly found in internal organs like stomach, intestine, kidney, and spleen. This parasitic organism can cause an economic impact, especially for animals with high market value, which are commercialized and used for human consumption. The objectives of this study are to study the morphological characteristics of Cucullanus sp and to identify genus of Cucullanus sp which are found on tinfoil barb, Barbonymus schwanenfeldii at Kenyir Lake, Terengganu. There is not enough data on Cucullanus sp on B. schwanenfeldii. Six samples of tinfoil barb were collected at Kenyir Lake from 25 to 27 October 2018. Each sample of fish was measured and recorded for length and weight using ruler and weighing balance respectively. The fish were examined at camping site at Lawit Resort, Kenyir Lake. The nematode species found were brought back to Health of Aquatic Organism laboratory. The abdominal and gastrointestinal tracts of the fishes were dissected and placed in petri dishes. The nematodes found were collected and observed under the dissecting microscope. The nematode specimen was placed on a glass slide with a drop of lactophenol and observed under the compound microscope fitted with dino-eye. The sample was later fixed with 70% alcohol. The morphological characteristic was drawn using camera lucida fitted to a compound microscope. (40X magnification). The picture of nematode was captured by using Advanced Research Microscope (Nikon Eclipse 80i) and measurements of the nematode was also made. Hence, the nematode found was identified as male Cucullanus sp.
    Matched MeSH terms: Stomach
  4. Potentials of MicroRNA in Early Detection of Ovarian Cancer by Analytical Electrical Biosensors
    Parmin NA, Hashim U, Gopinath SCB, Nadzirah S, Salimi MN, Voon CH, et al.
    Crit Rev Anal Chem, 2021 Jun 07.
    PMID: 34092138 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2021.1890543
    The importance of nanotechnology in medical applications especially with biomedical sensing devices is undoubted. Several medical diagnostics have been developed by taking the advantage of nanomaterials, especially with electrical biosensors. Biosensors have been predominantly used for the quantification of different clinical biomarkers toward detection, screening, and follow-up the treatment. At present, ovarian cancer is one of the severe complications that cannot be identified until it becomes most dangerous as the advanced stage. Based on the American Cancer Society, 20% of cases involved in the detection of ovarian cancer are diagnosed at an early stage and 80% diagnosed at the later stages. The patient just has a common digestive problem and stomach ache as early symptoms and people used to ignore these symptoms. Micro ribonucleic acid (miRNA) is classified as small non-coding RNAs, their expressions change due to the association of cancer development and progression. This article reviews and discusses on the currently available strategies for the early detection of ovarian cancers using miRNA as a biomarker associated with electrical biosensors. A unique miRNA-based biomarker detections are specially highlighted with biosensor platforms to diagnose ovarian cancer.
    Matched MeSH terms: Stomach
  5. Fulltext A case report of gastric volvulus, a rare cause of acute abdomen
    Qader AQ, Abdul Hamid H
    Radiol Case Rep, 2021 Jul;16(7):1907-1911.
    PMID: 34093935 DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2021.04.059
    Gastric volvulus is an uncommon disorder with an unknown incidence, unless it stays in the back of the diagnostician's mind, diagnosis of gastric volvulus, which can have significant morbidity and mortality associated with it, can be easily missed and can present either in the acute or chronic setting with variable symptoms. When it occurs in the acute scenario, patients present with severe epigastric pain and retching without vomiting. Together with inability to pass nasogastric tube, they constitute Borchardt's triad. The presence of a hiatal hernia with persistent vomiting despite initial antiemetic treatment should trigger one to think of gastric volvulus, despite the patient appearing very stable. We report a case which presented in our hospital with abdominal pain and vomiting. As Oesophagogastroduodenoscopy shows hiatal hernia and peptic ulcer. Primary gastric volvulus occurs in the absence of any defect in the diaphragm or adjacent organ pathology and may be caused by weakening of gastric supports. As conclusion; Gastric volvulus is a surgical case, requiring early diagnosis and aggressive management, as a delay results into complications like gangrene and perforation which substantially increase the morbidity and mortality in these patients, and contrast enhanced computed tomography (CECT) is the best modality for diagnosis of gastric volvulus.
    Matched MeSH terms: Stomach Volvulus
  6. Fulltext Boesenbergia rotunda ethanolic extract inhibits compound action potentials via opioid receptors
    Gopalsamy, Banulata, Chia, Jasmine Siew Min, Farihah Hanani Ghazali, Ammar Izzati Amir Ramadan, Wong, Siong Jun, Ahmad Akira Omar Farouk, et al.
    Life Sciences, Medicine and Biomedicine, 2018;2(2):7-12.
    MyJurnal
    Boesenbergia rotunda, traditionally used to relieve stomach, abdomen, joint, muscle, and rheumatic pain was also reported for its antinociceptive effect on a mouse model. However, the possible pain relief effect of Boesenbergia rotunda ethanolic extract (BREE) via the inhibition to the neural pain pathway remains to be elucidated. This study investigated the inhibitory effect of BREE on compound action potentials (CAPs) and the possible involvement of the opioid receptors. The changes in the CAPs amplitudes of the frog’s sciatic nerves were evaluated following the exposure to three different dosages of BREE (1, 3 and 10 mg/ml and morphine (3 mg/ml). In another set of experiment, the nerves were pretreated with a non-selective opioid receptor antagonist, naloxone (0.1 mg/ml), before exposing the nerve to BREE (1 mg/ml) to investigate the involvement of opioid receptors in the CAPs inhibitory mechanism. The outcome showed a reduction in the CAPs amplitudes when treated with BREE (1, 3 and 10 mg/ml) whereby the effect was reversible. The CAPs inhibition by BREE was absent when the opioid receptors were blocked. Taken together, these findings suggest that BREE-induced CAPs amplitude reduction involves the activation of opioid receptors.
    Matched MeSH terms: Stomach
  7. Fulltext Pathology Associated with White Spot Virus (WSV) Infection in Wild Broodstock of Tiger Prawns (Penaeus monodon)
    Kua BC, Rashid NM
    Trop Life Sci Res, 2012 May;23(1):87-92.
    PMID: 24575228 MyJurnal
    A total of six wild broodstocks of tiger prawns, Penaeus monodon, were found positive for White Spot Virus (WSV) with an IQ2000 detection kit. Using histopathology, the intranuclear inclusion of haemocyte due to WSV infection was observed in the epithelium cells of the antennal gland, stomach and gills. This result confirmed that the wild broodstocks were positive with WSV without showing any white spot. Additionally, histopathological examination also revealed an accumulation of haemocytes around the hepatopancreatic tubules resulting from bacterial infection. Encapsulation and nodule formation, as well as related necrosis, were also observed around the hepatopancreatic tubules infected with a metazoan parasite. Encysted tylocephalum larval cestodes were observed in the hepatopancreas, with haemocytic aggregation being observed around the infected tubules. These findings showed some bacterial and parasitic infections which, in addition to the viral infection itself, could contribute to the 80% mortality rate in wild broodstocks infected with WSV.
    Matched MeSH terms: Stomach
  8. Fulltext Effects of xiang sha yang wei wan on ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in Sprague Dawley rats: a histological study
    A.M.S. Al-Qaraghuli, E.M.N. Abdel Wahab, I.M. Al-Ani
    International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2013;12(2):3-10.
    MyJurnal
    Xiang Sha Yang Wei Wan (XSYWW) is a Chinese traditional medicine that is used for gastrointestinal disorders, specifically gastric ulcer in many countries of South-East Asia. The aim of the study was to evaluate the potential effects of XSYWW on ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in rats by means of histological Study. On a similar basis of treatment, ranitidine, a conventional medication was used as gold standard. Methods: Fifty five male Sprague-Dawley rats (250-300 gm) were divided into four groups. Group I (ethanol treated group) was the control group and gastric ulcers were induced by administering 100% ethanol (1 ml/200 g). Group II (Pre-treatment group) was divided into two subgroups; they were orally fed with 1.0 gm/kg and 2.0 gm/kg respectively of XSYWW solution. Thirty minutes later they were administered with absolute ethanol as in group I. Group III, was given an oral dose of 2gm/kg of XSYWW solution after one hour of ethanol administration. Group IV was given an oral dose of 200mg/kg ranitidine solution after one hour of ethanol administration. Five rats from groups I, III and IV were sacrificed on day 1, 2 and 3 while the animals of group II were sacrificed one hour after ethanol administration. Results: Histological study of the stomachs from ethanol treated rats showed multiple ulcers of various depths that reached the muscularis and the serosa. Conclusion: Pre or post-treated rats with XSYWW showed that XSYWW has protective effect against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal lesion. However, there was a faster and more complete healing process in the ranitidine treated group when compared to the XSYWW treated subjects.
    Matched MeSH terms: Stomach Ulcer
  9. Fulltext Prevalence of helicobacter pylori infection among patients attending gastroenterology endoscopy unit at Serdang Hospital
    Chieng, Jin Yu, Pan, Yan, Loong, Yik Yee
    Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2015;11(1):11-17.
    MyJurnal
    To study the prevalence of Helicobacter Pylori (H. pylori) infection, according to ethnicity, gender and endoscopic findings among the patients underwent the oesophago-gastro-duodenoscopes (OGDS) at gastroenterology endoscopy unit, Hospital Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. The database of all whom underwent OGDS at the gastroenterology endoscopy unit, Hospital Serdang from 1st August 2010 to 31st July 2012 was collected and assessed, retrospectively. A total of 924 patients who underwent OGDS were analyzed for the H. pylori infection by using Campylobacter-like organism (CLO) test. 130 (14.07%) tested positive, and their data were further studied according to gender, ethnicity, age group, initial indication for OGDS and endoscopic finding. The prevalence rate among males was 15.15% (70/462), while it was 12.99% (60/462) among females. In terms of ethnics, H. pylori infection was commonly found among Indian and Chinese with prevalence rate of 25.13% (50/199) and 17.41% (51/293) respectively. These figures are significantly higher than the 6.01% (25/416) for Malays. The age group (31-50 years old) had the highest prevalence rate of H. Pylori infection, which is of 18.55% (41/221). No significant difference was observed among initial indications for OGDS. Erosions were the commonest finding in H. pylori positive group with rate of 51.54% (67/130). However, erosions were not uncommon in H. pylori negative group as well with the rate of 48.61% (386/794). H. pylori infection rate among Malaysians was generally low, with the highest rate in Indians, followed by Chinese and relatively low in Malays. No significant difference between the prevalence rate of H. pylori infection in male and that in female was found. Erosions were equally common in either H. pylori positive or H. pylori negative group.
    Matched MeSH terms: Stomach
  10. Fulltext Influence of electron irradiation factor on haruan traditional extract (HTE) for oral drug delivery
    Ibrahim, I., Abdul Manan, M.J., Kamaruddin, H.
    Jurnal Sains Nuklear Malaysia, 2014;26(1):1-8.
    MyJurnal
    Haruan or Channa striatus is source of protein that is widely consumed in the region and its extract
    is well known for having medical values. It is of great advantage if this product could be taken
    orally rather than by injection because the oral route of drug delivery is still preferred by the vast
    majority of patients. However protein and peptides can be denatured or degraded by the acidic pH
    of the stomach and the presence of endogenous enzymes. In order to protect or prevent digestion
    and degradation of the protein in the stomach and to ensure the protein reaches the gastro
    intestinal (GI) tract, Carboxymethyl Starch (CMS) nanogel system was developed using electron
    irradiation method. However stability of HTE during the irradiation process needed to be studied
    before being developed further. In this study, the HTE was irradiated using electron beams. Its
    stability was analysed in terms of physical and chemical changes by looking at colour difference,
    melting point by using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and molecular bonds by using
    Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) respectively. The results of this study were that no apparent
    colour difference was observed with HTE before and after irradiation. These observations were
    supported by the FTIR and DSC results that showed that there were no changes in molecular bonds
    and melting point, compared between no irradiation and irradiation HTE during electron
    irradiation up to 10 kGy. Statistically the test showed no significant difference at p < 0.005 between
    melting temperatures.
    Matched MeSH terms: Stomach
  11. Fulltext Cytoprotective effects of honey in combination with aqueous and ethanol extracts from chromolaena odorata L.(Eupatorium Odoratum L.) in rats
    Nur Jannah, M.H., Mahmood, A.A., Sidik, K., Salmah, I.
    JUMMEC, 2006;9(1):7-13.
    MyJurnal
    Six groups of adult Sprague-Dawley rats were orally administered with a variety of treatments to elucidate their cytoprotective effects. Absolute ethanol combined with HCl was used to induce gastric lesions in rats. Aqueous and ethanol extracts of Chromolaena odorata, a famous folk herb for treating skin wounds were evaluated to determine their protective effect on gastric mucosa. In this study, aqueous extract and ethanol extract of C. odorata were combined with honey. In addition, honey alone and honey combined with cimetidine were also evaluated. Rat stomachs were examined grossly and histologically. Results were expressed as inhibition percentage. The honey and aqueous extract combination showed the highest inhibition percentage (72.67%) followed by honey and ethanol extract (58.92%), honey and cimetidine (56.55%) and the lowest was honey alone (46.74%). However, there were no significant differences between the effects of aqueous and ethanol extracts of C. odorata and honey in promoting cytoprotective effects and this may be due to the small sample size. Nevertheless, these results suggest that C. odorata and honey may be beneficial in treating induced gastric mucosal injury.
    Matched MeSH terms: Stomach Ulcer
  12. Fulltext Four Year Analysis of Helicobacter pylori Infection among Patients with Dyspepsia at Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre
    Alfizah, H., Rizal, A.M., Isa, M.R., Aminuddin, A., Jasmi, A.Y., Ramelah, M.
    Medicine & Health, 2010;5(1):13-21.
    MyJurnal
    Helicobacter pylori has been implicated as an aetiologic agent for type B chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer and gastric cancer. It is considered the most common bacterial infection in the world with approximately 50% of the population being infected. The majority of infected individuals are asymptomatic, with some developing gastritis only. However, chronic infection with H. pylori without antibiotic treatment predisposes infected individuals to the development of gastric cancer. The aim of this study is to determine active H. pylori infection among patients with symptoms of dyspepsia using three combinations of diagnostic methods. In this report, we studied 1,376 consecutive patients who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy at Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center (UKMMC) for dyspepsia from the period January 1999 to December 2002. The classification of patient’s diagnosis was assessed by endoscopic and histological examination. The H. pylori status was determined by rapid urease test, histological examination or H. pylori culture. Presence of H. pylori infection was confirmed in 30.8% of patients with dyspepsia. H. pylori infection was more prevalent in older patients and in males compared to females. Patients with severe gastroduodenal diseases were more commonly infected with H. pylori. There was a significant difference in H. pylori prevalence among the different ethnic groups. Indians had the highest infection rate (45.4%), followed by Chinese (36.8%) and the lowest were seen in Malays (18.3%). This finding on determination of active H. pylori infection among patients with dyspepsia is consistent with serological studies that showed racial differences in H. pylori prevalence. However, the pattern of H. pylori infection does not reflect the prevalence of severe gastroduodenal diseases among different ethnic groups.
    Matched MeSH terms: Stomach Neoplasms
  13. Fulltext Incidence of Helicobacter pylori Infection using (13) C- Urea BreathTest and Gastric Biopsy Culture
    Khairul, A.J., Anwar, A., Ramelah, M.
    International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2007;6(2):1-8.
    MyJurnal
    Background: (13) C – urea breath test (UBT) is sensitive and specific for detection of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. Gastric biopsy culture for H. pylori confirms the diagnosis. Here, we analyzed data of all patients who were investigated for H. pylori infection using both tests throughout the year 2005. Materials and Methods : Retrospective data of 377 patients between the ages of 17 – 88 were identified through endoscopy records from January to December 2005. Upper endoscopy, UBT and gastric biopsy culture were performed on all patients simultaneously during each endoscopy session. Patients who had positive UBT and biopsy culture for H. pylori were treated with triple therapy of PPI, amoxicillin and clarithromycin for one week. A repeat of UBT was done at one-month post therapy. Results and Analysis: Twenty-eight patients on the list had no available data on UBT and were omitted from the analysis. Ethnic group Chinese comprised of 45.4% (n=163), followed by Malay, 37.3% (n=134), Indian, 10.6% (n=38) and others, 3.9% (n=14). UBT was positive in 23.7% (n=85)(figure1). H. pylori culture was positive in 19.2% (n=69)(figure1). Sixteen patients with UBT positive had H. pylori culture negative, 18.8% (n=16/85)(figure2). Five patients with H. pylori culture positive had UBT negative, 7.2% (n=5/69)(figure3). Ethnic group Indian had the highest incidence of UBT positive, 47.4% (n=18/38), followed by Others (Sikhs and foreigners) 42.8% (n=6/14), the Chinese 27.6% (n=45/163) and the Malays 11.6% (n= 16/138). UBT positive was the highest in the age group of 50 and above, 64.7% (n=55/85), followed by the age group between 30 to 49, 21.2% (n=18/85) and the age group of 29 and below, 14.5% (n=12/85). Out of the 85 UBT positive patients 91.8% (n=78/85)(figure4) of them responded to the conventional one week of triple therapy (PPI, amoxicillin, clarithromycin) with negative UBT at one-month post therapy compared to only 8.2% (n=7/85)(figure4) who failed with positive UBT at one-month post therapy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Stomach
  14. Fulltext Inflammatory Pseudotumour of Stomach in an old lady: a rare case report
    Azhar, A.H., Pasha, M.A., Hassan, S., Zainal, M., Rashidi, A.
    International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2009;8(1):45-48.
    MyJurnal
    Inflammatory pseudotumour (IPT) is a rare benign solid tumor in adults and children. The prevalence, etiology and pathogenesis of this condition are still uncertain. Despite the use of modern laboratory techniques and imaging, it is often difficult to make the diagnosis of IPT. Besides, occasionally the nonspecific morphological appearance and clinical presentation of the mass may mimic other more common primary or secondary neoplasms. IPT is commonly encountered in the lung and mediastinum. Other sites include abdomen (liver, pancreas, stomach, omentum), retroperitoneum, pelvis (bladder) and extremities in children. We report a rare case of gastric inflammatory pseudotumour in a 65-year-old female patient. Clinical presentations and its management along with review of literatures are presented.
    Matched MeSH terms: Stomach
  15. Fulltext Rapunzel syndrome in a paediatric patient
    Ngo, C.W., Syauki, H., Kumar, M.V.
    Journal of Surgical Academia, 2017;7(1):66-68.
    MyJurnal
    Rapunzel syndrome, or generically known as trichobezoar, is a rare condition. It usually happens among teenage population. We are presenting a case report of Rapunzel syndrome that happened in a 4-year-old child. She was initially investigated for nephrotic syndrome, as she had high blood pressure and hypoalbuminaemia. However, it was later found out to be a trichobezoar, indirectly causing both hypertension and malnutrition. This condition demanded a combination of surgical and psychiatric discipline for diagnosis and its treatment.
    Matched MeSH terms: Stomach
  16. Understanding and Challenges in Taking Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors among Malaysian Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Patients: A Qualitative Study
    Lim YM, Eng WL, Chan HK
    Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2017 07 27;18(7):1925-1930.
    PMID: 28749622
    Background: In Malaysia, the treatment for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) has long been delivered under the
    Malaysian Patient Assistance Program (MYPAP), but research on identifying factors contributing to non-adherence to
    tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) is still limited. The current study explored understanding and challenges of Malaysian
    CML patients in taking imatinib and nilotinib. Methods: Semi-structured, face-to-face interviews were conducted
    with 13 CML patients receiving treatment at a public tertiary care center, and were analyzed using the content analysis
    approach. Results: The patients generally demonstrated inadequate knowledge, particularly of the natural history and
    staging of CML, the function of TKIs, and the methods used for monitoring the effectiveness of treatment. A number of
    them also had experiences of withholding, skipping or altering the treatment, mainly due to the life-disturbing adverse
    drug effects (ADRs), forgetfulness, and religious and social issues. Besides, most of them were found having limited
    skills in managing the ADRs, and not using prompts as reminders to take the medications. Furthermore, even though
    nilotinib was generally perceived as better tolerated as compared with imatinib, the inconvenience caused by the need
    to take it twice daily and on an empty stomach was constantly highlighted by the patients. Conclusion: While TKIs
    are widely used for CML treatment in Malaysia, the findings have revealed a lack of patient education and awareness,
    which warrants an integrated plan to reinforce medication adherence.
    Matched MeSH terms: Stomach
  17. Fulltext Effect of Zingiber officinale on spasm
    Nadia, Hisamuddin, Nadhirah, Kamarudin, Mohd Roslan, Sulaiman, Wan Mastura, Shaik Mossadeq
    The Pertanika Journal of Scholarly Research Reviews, 2019;5(1):27-36.
    MyJurnal
    Zingiberaceae is one of the largest plant families consisting of rhizomes that are commonly used as spice in soups and curries as well as alternative medications in folklore medicine. Zingiber officinale or commonly known as ginger is extensively employed in Asian, Ayurvedic, Chinese, and Arabian folklore medicine for the treatment of pain, inflammation and various spasm-associated gastric ailments. The past few decades saw rapid advancements in the extraction process of ginger bioactive constituents and validation of their corresponding pharmacodynamic and pharmacotherapeutic activities, and biological properties in vivo and in vitro. Results reported from several biological studies on ginger showed that extracts and compounds from this tuberous rhizome exhibit antiemetic, anticancer, antipyretic, antispasmogenic and antimicrobial activities. This article reviews the effect of Zingiber officinale and its bioactive constituents on isolated organ preparations from several species of animals in view of its potential use as an alternative treatment for muscle spasms and common gastric ailments.
    Matched MeSH terms: Stomach
  18. Fulltext Local ablation of gastric cancer by reconstituted apolipoprotein B lipoparticles carrying epigenetic drugs
    Yang CL, Chao YJ, Wang HC, Hou YC, Chen CG, Chang CC, et al.
    Nanomedicine, 2021 10;37:102450.
    PMID: 34332115 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2021.102450
    Epigenetic inhibitors have shown anticancer effects. Combination chemotherapy with epigenetic inhibitors has shown high effectiveness in gastric cancer clinical trials, but severe side effect and local progression are the causes of treatment failure. Therefore, we sought to develop an acidity-sensitive drug delivery system to release drugs locally to diminish unfavorable outcome of gastric cancer. In this study, we showed that, as compared with single agents, combination treatment with the demethylating agent 5'-aza-2'-deoxycytidine and HDAC inhibitors Trichostatin A or LBH589 decreased cell survival, blocked cell cycle by reducing number of S-phase cells and expression of cyclins, increased cell apoptosis by inducing expression of Bim and cleaved Caspase 3, and reexpressed tumor suppressor genes more effectively in MGCC3I cells. As a carrier, reconstituted apolipoprotein B lipoparticles (rABLs) could release drugs in acidic environments. Orally administrated embedded drugs not only showed inhibitory effects on gastric tumor growth in a syngeneic orthotopic mouse model, but also reduced the hepatic and renal toxicity. In conclusion, we have established rABL-based nanoparticles embedded epigenetic inhibitors for local treatment of gastric cancer, which have good therapeutic effects but do not cause severe side effects.
    Matched MeSH terms: Stomach Neoplasms/genetics; Stomach Neoplasms/pathology; Stomach Neoplasms/therapy*
  19. Fulltext A Diminutive T1 Cancer 4 mm in Size Resected by Cold Snare Polypectomy
    Yoshida N, Naito Y, Murakami T, Ogiso K, Hirose R, Inada Y, et al.
    Case Rep Gastroenterol, 2018 01 19;12(1):27-31.
    PMID: 29515342 DOI: 10.1159/000486128
    Cold snare polypectomy (CSP) should be performed for benign lesions, though an accurate diagnosis is sometimes difficult with only white light observation. Irregular findings by narrow-band imaging (NBI) are useful for differentiating malignant lesions from benign lesions, and cases with this finding are not expected for CSP. We present a diminutive T1 cancer resected by CSP as a reflection case. A 68-year-old man underwent colonoscopy for surveillance after polypectomy. A reddish polyp 4 mm in size was detected at the rectum. White light observation showed no depression, but a slight, heterogeneous color change. NBI magnification showed irregular vessel and surface patterns. The polyp was diagnosed as intramucosal cancer. Even though cancerous lesions are regularly resected by endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR), this polyp was resected by CSP in daycare surgery because the patient requested not to be treated by EMR but by CSP, which needed an admission to our institution. The surgeon thought the polyp could be completely resected by CSP. It was thoroughly resected, and a histological examination showed submucosal cancer with a positive vertical margin. Additional surgical resection was not accepted by the patient, since he had received total gastrectomy for gastric cancer and a right hemicolectomy for colonic cancer in the past 7 years. He underwent follow-up colonoscopy 2 months after the CSP. Although there were no recurrent endoscopic findings, endoscopic submucosal dissection was performed to the scar area. The histological examination showed no residual tumor. In conclusion, CSP should only be adopted for benign cases, as cancerous lesions have a possibility for invading the submucosa, like in our case.
    Matched MeSH terms: Stomach Neoplasms
  20. Antioxidant and gastroprotective activities of Andrographis paniculata (Hempedu Bumi) in Sprague Dawley rats
    Wasman SQ, Mahmood AA, Chua LS, Alshawsh MA, Hamdan S
    Indian J Exp Biol, 2011 Oct;49(10):767-72.
    PMID: 22013743
    Antioxidant and gastroprotective activities of aqueous and ethanolic extract of Andrographis paniculata leaves in rats have been reported. Sprague Dawley rats, 6 per group were used and rats in groups 1 to 6 were pretreated with (0.25% w/v) carboxymethyl cellulose (negative control, 5 ml/kg), 20 mg/kg omeprazole (positive control), (250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg) of aqueous leaf extracts (APLAE) and (250 and 500 mg/kg) of ethanol leaf extracts (APLEE) respectively. Animals were orally administered with 95% ethanol (5 ml/kg) 60 min after their pretreatments. Rats were sacrificed 1 h after treatment and gastric contents were collected to measure pH and mucous weight. Stomach was analyzed for gross and histological changes. Ulcer control group showed extensive lesions of gastric mucosal layer, whereas rats pretreated with omeprazole, 250 and 500 mg/kg of APLAE showed significant and dose dependent reduction in gastric lesions with increased pH and mucus content of stomach. Rats pretreated with 250 or 500 mg/kg of APLEE showed significantly better inhibition of gastric mucosal lesions. Further, the in vitro antioxidant studies using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay showed that ethanol extracts have superior free radical scavenging activity with IC50 value = 10.9 than aqueous extracts with IC50 value = 24.65. Results of this study showed that pretreatment with ethonolic extract of A. paniculata ethanolic provided significant protection against gastric ulcer by regulating of pH, mucous production and antioxidant property.
    Matched MeSH terms: Stomach Ulcer/metabolism; Stomach Ulcer/pathology; Stomach Ulcer/prevention & control*
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