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  1. Fulltext The effects of eight weeks physical training program on physical fitness level among Malaysian national service trainee
    Norkhalid Salimin, Gunathevan Elumalai, Md Amin Md Taff, Yusop Ahmad, Nuzsep Almigo
    Jurnal Sains Sukan & Pendidikan Jasmani, 2015;4(1):41-49.
    MyJurnal
    This quasi experimental study is aimed to determine the effect of 8 weeks physical exercise training program among 219 obese an overweight National Service Training Program (NSTP). It is a purposive sampling and divide to experimental group (n = 110) and control group (n = 109). Body fat (BFP) measured using Omron Karada Scan HBF 375 with Height Scale. The experimental group underwent 8 weeks physical exercise program using the NSTP wellness module. The module contains 18 low intensity training, 40 moderate intensity training and 14 high intensity training with 8 psychological sessions. Analysis showed a significant difference between pre-test and post-test after 8 weeks in experimental group. There was a greater decrease BFP (-1.44%) and weight (-2.03%). The control group showed slightly increase in BFP (+2.97%) but decrease weight (-0.28%). This means the intervention program very effective and manage to reduce the BFP and weight among 18 years old obese and overweight NSTP in Malaysia.
  2. Fulltext Hybrid Symbiotic Organisms Search Optimization Algorithm for Scheduling of Tasks on Cloud Computing Environment
    Abdullahi M, Ngadi MA
    PLoS One, 2016;11(6):e0158229.
    PMID: 27348127 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158229
    Cloud computing has attracted significant attention from research community because of rapid migration rate of Information Technology services to its domain. Advances in virtualization technology has made cloud computing very popular as a result of easier deployment of application services. Tasks are submitted to cloud datacenters to be processed on pay as you go fashion. Task scheduling is one the significant research challenges in cloud computing environment. The current formulation of task scheduling problems has been shown to be NP-complete, hence finding the exact solution especially for large problem sizes is intractable. The heterogeneous and dynamic feature of cloud resources makes optimum task scheduling non-trivial. Therefore, efficient task scheduling algorithms are required for optimum resource utilization. Symbiotic Organisms Search (SOS) has been shown to perform competitively with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). The aim of this study is to optimize task scheduling in cloud computing environment based on a proposed Simulated Annealing (SA) based SOS (SASOS) in order to improve the convergence rate and quality of solution of SOS. The SOS algorithm has a strong global exploration capability and uses fewer parameters. The systematic reasoning ability of SA is employed to find better solutions on local solution regions, hence, adding exploration ability to SOS. Also, a fitness function is proposed which takes into account the utilization level of virtual machines (VMs) which reduced makespan and degree of imbalance among VMs. CloudSim toolkit was used to evaluate the efficiency of the proposed method using both synthetic and standard workload. Results of simulation showed that hybrid SOS performs better than SOS in terms of convergence speed, response time, degree of imbalance, and makespan.
  3. Fulltext Bilateral idiopathic optic perineuritis in a young Malay woman: A case report
    Ayesha Mohd Zain, Umi Kalthum Md Noh, Mushawiahti Mustapha, Norshamsiah Md. Din, Bastion, Mae Lynn Catherine
    Neurology Asia, 2015;20(4):407-409.
    MyJurnal
    A 28-year-old Malay woman presented with severe loss of vision in both eyes associated with periocular pain on eye movement. She was completely blind at presentation and examination showed optic discs
    swelling. Optic nerve imaging showed ‘doughnut sign’, characteristic of optic perineuritis. Steroid was
    given over six months. Visual function improved gradually and was maintained at one year follow-up.
    This case highlights the importance of differentiation between optic neuritis and optic perineuritis as
    visual recovery depends on prolonged management with corticosteroid in optic perineuritis.
  4. Fulltext Structuring quality education by proposing physical infrastructure of a medical school
    Ashfaq Akram, Muhammad Zahedi Daud, Md Gapar Md Joha, Rizwan Farzana, Rahmatullah Khan
    Education in Medicine Journal, 2016;8(3):75-87.
    MyJurnal
    Due to cost containment considerations, it is common to have medical schools being
    located in buildings or campuses built for some other purposes. These buildings are converted into
    medical schools which often compromising the functional architectural aspects. Objectives: The
    paper examines, explores and proposes an architectural concept of a purpose-built medical school. The
    architectural design proposed is sensitive to the values and norms of many schools around the globe.
    Methods: An Internet search and personal communication were conducted, focusing on the concepts
    of the functionality of medical school. It emphasises on general design of the main building, keeping
    in mind the various kinds of teaching, learning and assessment activities. We examined lecture hall,
    pre-clinical laboratory, skill laboratory, general facilities of Objective Structured Practical Examination
    (OSPE) and Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE). Results: We present hypothetical
    structural designs based on built-functions concepts. For example, for the better vision of students
    around a demonstration table, an inclined floor surface is proposed. The concept is as illustrated by
    anatomy dissection area built inclined upward from the cadaver table. It inevitably provides a better
    visual access to the students around the table. Other teaching and learning areas are also illustrated
    wherever appropriate in the text. Conclusion: The paper is hypothetical and explores innovative
    structural designs of modern medical schools. While most are built to meet the demands of current
    technology, it cannot however completely replace face-to-face teaching and learning processes.
    Research in architectural designs of education buildings and facilities may be further developed into a
    new research niche of medical education.
  5. Fulltext An anthropometric comparison of current anthropometric test devices (ATDs) with Malaysian adults
    Mohd Hafzi MD Isa, Baba MD Deros, Zulhaidi Mohd Jawi, Khairil Anwar Abu Kassim
    Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 2016;16(101):15-21.
    MyJurnal
    Anthropometric Test Devices (ATDs) of different nominal percentile values have long been used as human surrogates in automotive crash testing. The Hybrid III family, which is one of the widely used ATDs in frontal crash test, was designed based on the anthropometry dimensions of US adults. Thus, this paper aims to assess the anthropometric differences between Malaysian adults and Hybrid III dummies in terms of 5th percentile (small female), 50th percentile (midsize male) and 95th percentile (large male). A series of anthropometric parameters of Malaysian adults was obtained from a database of 1321 subjects with 708 males and 613 females. The results revealed that the current midsize male population differs from the ATD’s statures and body weights by about 35 and 40 percentile points, respectively. This demonstrates that the current ATDs are not truly representative of the current Malaysian adults, which may potentially lead to different injury responses in road traffic crashes. Thus, car manufacturers may as well consider this discrepancy issue in developing their future models especially with regards to safety.
  6. Fulltext Psychiatric manifestations in orthopedic patients on celecoxib therapy
    Arumugam M, Azhar MZ
    Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2010;6(2):41-42.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: The Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzyme is responsible for the synthesis of prostaglandin which is responsible for inflammation and pain. Celecoxib a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor was first used as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug in 1999. Celecoxib is as effective as NSAIDs but causes less ulceration of the gastrointestinal tract, hence it is commonly used. It has been widely used in patients with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. We present 3 cases of temporary psychiatric disorders associated with consumption of celecoxib, two of the patients presented with auditory hallucinations while one was diagnosed to be having depression. None had pre-existing psychiatric disorders or consumed alcohol or substance of abuse. All 3 patients recovered from their temporary psychiatric disorders after stopping celecoxib. Discussion: It is important to be aware of the psychiatric side effects when prescribing the drug for prolonged periods.
  7. Fulltext An Ethnographic survey of culinary students’ behaviours in the implementation of food safety and Hygiene practices
    Mohammad Halim Jeinie, Norazmir Md Nor, Mazni Saad, Mohd Shazali Md. Sharif
    Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2017;25(108):1-10.
    MyJurnal
    Sufficient knowledge on food safety and diligence during food handling are crucial to food safety and hygiene practices. A casual approach to handling food in the kitchen on a regular basis may link to foodborne pathogens, contaminations, and adverse health effects. The purpose of this study is to identify the right practices and behaviour among culinary students in terms of food hygiene practices and food safety perspectives. The methodology employed includes observations on 18 food culinary students in an actual kitchen setting. Effective food hygiene and food safety implementation are needed to improve the effectiveness of health education programmes for food handlers. The results suggest that transmission reduction of food pathogens, knowledge transfer and food safety training in selective industry criteria with proper guidelines should be introduced to produce a competent workforce.
  8. Ko-pengekspresan reseptor estrogen beta (ERβ) dan aktin otot licin pada tumor filodes di payudara: suatu kajian tisu mikroarai
    Nurhayati H. Munawer, Siti-Aishah Md Ali, Reena Md Zin, Rohaizak Muhammad
    Sains Malaysiana, 2014;43:233-240.
    Proliferasi tumor filodes tertumpu terutama pada bahagian stroma yang dianggap sebagai komponen neoplastik bagi tumor filodes. Reseptor Estrogen (ER) yang memainkan peranan dalam payudara neoplastik juga terlibat dalam perkembangan tumor filodes. ERβ adalah satu jenis klon ER yang dilaporkan hadir pada stroma tumor payudara manakala pengekspresan aktin otot licin (SMA) di stroma dapat membandingkan gred histologi tumor filodes. Kami membandingkan pengekspresan ERβ dengan SMA pada komponen stroma tumor filodes menggunakan teknik tisu mikroarai (TMA). TMA dibentuk ke atas 77 kes tumor filodes (46 benigna, 17 pinggiran dan 14 malignan) menggunakan jarum berdiameter 0.6 mm (Alphelys Plaisir, Perancis) dan pewarnaan imunohistokimia dijalankan menggunakan penanda molekul ERβ dan SMA. Tumor filodes kerap hadir pada wanita berusia lebih daripada 40 tahun dengan tumor filodes benigna menunjukkan median umur pesakit paling rendah (p=0.017). Ekspresi ERβ dalam komponen stroma meningkat dengan gred histologi tumor. Sementara SMA menunjukkan ekspresi pada 62.8, 41.2 dan 57.1%, masing-masing bagi tumor filodes benigna, pinggiran dan malignan. Kedua-dua ERβ (p=0.024) dan SMA lebih cenderung hadir pada wanita ≥40 tahun. Kajian menunjukkan hubungan signifikan antara ko-pengekspresan ERβ dan SMA (p=0.047) dan 65.5% daripadanya adalah wanita berumur lebih daripada 40 tahun. Ekspresi SMA yang tinggi pada stroma tumor filodes benigna mungkin menunjukkan potensi proliferasi tumor ini untuk menjadi malignan. Ekspresi tinggi ERβ dengan tumor filodes malignan dan hubungannya dengan SMA mencadangkan ko-pengekspresan kedua-dua penanda molekul ini mungkin berperanan dalam tumorigenesis stroma tumor filodes.
  9. Penyelesaian masalah data ketakpastian menggunakan splin-B kabur
    Abd. Fatah Wahab, Jamaludin Md. Ali, Ahmad Abd. Majid, Abu Osman Md. Tap
    Sains Malaysiana, 2010;39.
    Pembinaan model geometri berbantukan komputer (CAGD) dengan titik data yang mempunyai ketakpastian adalah sukar dan mencabar. Dalam kertas ini, pembinaan model splin-B kabur sebagai perwakilan matematik bagi lengkung dengan data ketakpastian menggunakan titik kawalan kabur dan titik kawalan penyahkaburan dibincangkan. Lengkung splin-B kabur atau splin-B penyahkaburan kubik untuk masalah data ketakpastian akan diperihalkan dengan menggunakan kaedah penghampiran splin-B kubik yang ditakrif menerusi titik kawalan kabur dan titik kawalan penyahkaburan. Bagi menyelesaikan masalah mengenai titik data ketakpastian pula, kaedah pengkaburan dan penyahkaburan titik data berkomponen kabur (penyahkaburan) beserta modelnya diperkenalkan. Bagi menguji tahap keberkesanan model, beberapa contoh lengkung simulasi data tersebut juga dibincangkan.
  10. Factors affecting public attitude toward genetically modified food in Malaysia
    Latifah Amin, Jamaluddin Md. Jahi, Abdul Rahim Md. Nor, Mohamad Osman, Nor Muhammad Mahadi
    Sains Malaysiana, 2006;35:51-55.
    Public perceptions, understanding and acceptance of modern biotechnology can both promote and hamper their commercial introduction and adoption. Various studies have shown that consumer acceptance of modern biotechnology tend to be conditional and dependent on several factors. Public perceptions of biotechnology have received extensive attention in recent years in most Western countries such as Europe, USA and Canada but there have been limited similar surveys in developing countries. Most of the earlier studies used uni-dimensional or bi-dimensional instrument with multi-items or the most is four dimensions with single item. In this study, public attitude towards genetically modified (GM) soybean that is already available in the Malaysian market. A survey was carried out on 577 general public respondents in the Klang Valley region. In order to detect the structure of attitude amongst the expert group in the Klang Valley region, structural equation modeling (SEM) using AMOS version 5.1 was carried out. Result of the survey has confirmed that attitude towards complex issues such as biotechnology should be seen as multi-faceted/ multidimensional process. The most important factors predicting encouragement of GM soybean are the specific application-linked perceptions about the benefits and acceptance of risk while moral concern, risk and familiarity are significant predictors of intermediate factors. Researchers, policy makers and industries interested in developing and marketing GM products in Malaysia should consider the various factors mentioned in this in order to gain public approval.
  11. Fulltext Malaysia-China bilateral relations, 1974-2018
    Md Nasrudin Md Akhir, Lee, Chee Leong, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir Ashraf
    International Journal of East Asian Studies, 2018;7(1):1-26.
    MyJurnal
    This paper analyzes the bilateral ties of Kuala Lumpur-Beijing over four decades in the political, economic and socio-cultural fields. Firstly, the paper discusses the historical background of Malaysia-China informal relations from the Kingdom of Malacca; the British era; the early stages of Malaysia's independence; as well as the Cold War era. Secondly, the paper examines the beginnings of Kuala Lumpur-Beijing diplomatic relations from 1974 until the demise of the Malayan Communist Party in 1989. Thirdly, this is followed by an examination of bilateral developments between 1990 and 2008. The section analyzes the extent to which the principle of openness in Malaysian foreign policies was followed, cooperation within the framework of regionalism as well as how the rise of China's economic power has had positive impact on bilateral relations. More significantly, the paper then extends the discussion to Malaysia-China relations under Mohd Najib Abdul Razak which began in 2008 and ended with the advent of the new government of Pakatan Harapan in Malaysia in May 2018. Presently, Malaysia's foreign policy towards China is facing a revamp under Dr. Mahathir Mohamad’s leadership. Yet the paper argues that the current government’s action enhances comprehensive cooperation, particularly in the political and economic spheres.
  12. When a teaspoonful is not a teaspoonful: Accuracy of a teaspoon in drug dosaging
    Liow TS, Azian H, Shoba P, Md Shajahan MY
    Family Physician, 1994;6:7-8.
    The range of teaspoon volume was from 2.42 to 7.71 mls with the majority below 5mls. The assumption that the volume of a teaspoon is exactly 5 mls is not true. From this wide range, 2.42 to 7.71 mls, there can be underdosaging by 51.6% or overdosaging by 64.2%. Thus if Paracetamol (250mg/5ml) was prescribed, the actual dose may vary from 121.0 mg to 385.5 mg. This is especially of significance for drugs with a narrow therapeutic index (eg. Digoxin, Theophylline). The use of teaspoons in drug dosaging of liquid medication is therefore not accurate. The use of the plastic cup in Banting District Hospital is also not accurate especially for 5 mls. As the volume dispensed increases, the accuracy also improves. To overcome this problem, it may be wise to use the 'pharmacy spoon' or a syinge. The 'pharmacy spoon' is a good substitute for a teaspoon in the paediatrics age group. The syringe is probably better as it ensures not only accuracy but also that all of the medication administered goes in as it is less likely to spill out when the child struggles. And for children who can take tablets, it is better to give medication in tablet form. Though we have not done a study on tablespoons, we feel a similar problem also exists with the use of tablespoons. Limitations of this study are 2 types. First is in pouring of the syrup Paracetamol into the teaspoons. Second, the level of the liquid was inconsistent, ie sometimes over the brim, at other times just at the brim.
  13. Alcohol and fatal road traffic accidents in Kuala Lumpur: A preliminary study
    Shahrom AW, Md Azman AB, Hasnah H, Md Yusof M
    Family Physician, 1991;3:28-29.
    Blood alcohol levels from 155 UKM forensic postmortem cases of various causes of death from August 1988 to mid-September 1989 were studied. 59 cases (38%) were related to fatal road traffic accidents. 13 of these 59 cases (22%) showed blood alcohol levels of more than 50 mg/dl. 11 of these 13 cases (84.6%) revealed blood alcohol levels of more than 100 mg/dl after correction. Further analysis showed 53.8% were Indian, 76.9% aged between 20 and 40 years, 84.6% of the accidents occurred between 8.00 p.m. and 4.00 a.m. and all the alcohol related fatal road traffic accident victims studied in this series were males. This study provides helpful information.
  14. Diurnal activity of four species of thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) and efficiencies of three nondestructive sampling techniques for thrips in mango inflorescences
    Aliakbarpour H, Rawi CS
    J Econ Entomol, 2010 Jun;103(3):631-40.
    PMID: 20568607
    Thrips cause considerable economic loss to mango, Mangifera indica L., in Penang, Malaysia. Three nondestructive sampling techniques--shaking mango panicles over a moist plastic tray, washing the panicles with ethanol, and immobilization of thrips by using CO2--were evaluated for their precision to determine the most effective technique to capture mango flower thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in an orchard located at Balik Pulau, Penang, Malaysia, during two flowering seasons from December 2008 to February 2009 and from August to September 2009. The efficiency of each of the three sampling techniques was compared with absolute population counts on whole panicles as a reference. Diurnal flight activity of thrips species was assessed using yellow sticky traps. All three sampling methods and sticky traps were used at two hourly intervals from 0800 to 1800 hours to get insight into diurnal periodicity of thrips abundance in the orchard. Based on pooled data for the two seasons, the CO2 method was the most efficient procedure extracting 80.7% adults and 74.5% larvae. The CO2 method had the lowest relative variation and was the most accurate procedure compared with the absolute method as shown by regression analysis. All collection techniques showed that the numbers of all thrips species in mango panicles increased after 0800 hours, reaching a peak between 1200 and 1400 hours. Adults thrips captured on the sticky traps were the most abundant between 0800-1000 and 1400-1600 hours. According to results of this study, the CO2 method is recommended for sampling of thrips in the field. It is a nondestructive sampling procedure that neither damages flowers nor diminishes fruit production. Management of thrips populations in mango orchards with insecticides would be more effectively carried out during their peak population abundance on the flower panicles at midday to 1400 hours.
  15. Fulltext Enhancement of Hevea brasiliensis properties through chemical application
    Kadir R, Jantan MD
    An Acad Bras Cienc, 2016 Oct-Dec;88(4):2081-2092.
    PMID: 27991952 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201620150650
    The effects of four different types of bleaching agents (hydrogen peroxide, sodium hypochlorite, sodium chlorite and oxalic acid) mixed together with 2% boron-based preservative (Celbor SP) were studied on green sawn rubberwood. Two concentration levels (1% and 2%) of were used. Whitish values (W) and colour changes (ΔE) of sawn rubberwood were assessed before and after chemical treatment using a colour meter. Preliminary observation indicated that timber treated with 1% and 2% hydrogen peroxide produced better and more homogeneous colour properties. Hydrogen peroxide treated timber gave higher whitish values (6.23 and 9.91 for 1% and 2% solution, respectively) and lower colour changes (8.49 and 5.51 for 1% and 2% solution, respectively) when compared to the other three chemicals. Evaluation on the effects of bleaching (hydrogen peroxide with a higher level of concentration) on physical, mechanical and biological properties of rubberwood also have been determined in this study.
  16. Fulltext How COVID 19 effect Malaysian paddy industry? Adoption of green fertilizer a potential resolution
    Adnan N, Nordin SM
    Environ Dev Sustain, 2021;23(6):8089-8129.
    PMID: 33020694 DOI: 10.1007/s10668-020-00978-6
    The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in more than 4.3 million confirmed cases and more than 2,90,000 deaths worldwide. It has also given rise to fears of an imminent economic crisis and recession. Social distance, self-isolation, and travel restrictions have led to a reduction in the workforce across all economical sectors and have led to a loss of many jobs. Schools have closed down, and the need for commodities and manufactured goods has decreased. On the other hand, the need for medical supplies has increased significantly. The food sector is also facing increased demand as a result of panic buying and storing food products. In response to this global outbreak, we summarize the socioeconomic effects of COVID-19 on the various aspects of the world economy. In Malaysia, the COVID-19 epidemic has checked the resilience of the agriculture sector. Especially the Malaysian paddy industry as country imports 30% of its overall consumption from different parts of the world. The real price of rice triplicating for the consumers, which was alarming for nations in this pandemic situation. The Government of Malaysia introduced the National Agrofood Policy 2011-2020 (NAP4) in 2010 as a guidance document for the implementation of agricultural sector development programs and projects in Malaysia. The NAP4 's 10-year term is to be finished by the end of 2020. Several sectors demonstrate substantial success after approximately 8 years of introduction, while the other classes often lag behind the goal and progress quite slowly. Agricultural sector performance is affected by many problems and challenges. In acknowledgment of the poor success of this field, the Ministry of Agriculture and Agri-Based Industry has launched new approaches, policies, and programs that can change the agricultural sector more rapidly. The new direction is aimed at ensuring national food security and boosting farm and revenues. The authorized government agency needs to revise the policy formulation where Malaysia needs to set stages to revolutionize and modernize the rice farming to address the problem faced by the paddy sector in this pandemic situation to adopt GF. In this study, the researcher focuses on the improvisation of the policy to increase the paddy production sustainably.
  17. Fulltext Effect of taking chicken essence on stress and cognition of human volunteers
    Zain AM, Syedsahiljamalulail S
    Malays J Nutr, 2003 Mar;9(1):19-29.
    PMID: 22692529
    Stress is a common phenomenon. Every individual experiences it. There are many ways of combating stress. Stress is necessary for preparation against challenging situations and danger. It is necessary to have stress before a test so that we are prepared. For instance, stress actually motivates students to prepare for examination but excessive stress can lead to poor performance. This study evaluates the effect of a commercial essence of chicken (CEC) on the various parameters related to stress and cognition of human volunteers. CEC is produced by a hot-water extraction process from chicken meat under high pressure condition. It contains concentrated amounts of proteins, amino acids and peptides such as carnosine compared to homemade traditional chicken soup. Due to the unique extraction process, it has been postulated that readily absorbed amino acids and bioactive peptides are present in CEC. In this experiment, we evaluated the effect of CEC in comparison with a placebo and carageenan on a group of stressed medical students before their examinations. Students were divided into three groups at random and given either CEC, placebo or a carageenan drink daily for two weeks. Before and after the two weeks, the students were given a series of tests to assess their mental and physical well-being as well as attention and memory. The tests were the general health questionnaire (GHQ), SF36, digit span, construction of figures, 3-min memory test, comprehension and mental arithmetic. The students who ingested essence of chicken fared significantly better than the other two groups of students. The ability of essence of chicken to control anxiety by distraction and promoting attention and memory is discussed.
  18. COVID-19 vaccination in South Asia: a call for responsible leadership among SAARC countries
    Haque A, Islam MS
    Leadersh Health Serv (Bradf Engl), 2021 Dec 03;ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print).
    PMID: 34854657 DOI: 10.1108/LHS-09-2021-0077
    PURPOSE: Coronavirus, also known as COVID-19, has presented an opportunity to set aside traditional regional collaborations and take responsible leadership to overcome difficult times. This paper aims to explore the current COVID-19 vaccination progress and pandemic status for the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) countries and suggests responsible leadership to combat the COVID-19 pandemic and to think beyond.

    DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: This paper offers a viewpoint of the current COVID-19 vaccination among eight SAARC nations. It scrutinises the recent COVID-19 vaccination statistics for the eight South Asian countries based on Web-based analytics and comparative analysis until 28 August 2021.

    FINDINGS: This paper calls for collaborative decisions and responsible actions for policymakers in the SAARC countries to deal with the COVID-19 vaccination crisis. When South Asian countries are fraught with the increasing number of populations with COVID-19 cases, deaths and acute shortage of life-saving vaccines, it is time for their national and SAARC leaders to strengthen regional cooperations and initiate collaborative actions. The paper demonstrates that implementing responsible leadership can result in favourable outcomes for individuals, organisations, regions and the world. Moreover, this paper suggests SAARC, through responsible actions, has the potentiality to overcome the current crisis of COVID-19 vaccination and enhance the regional sustainability of the South Asian nations.

    ORIGINALITY/VALUE: This paper delivers information about the present developing situation of COVID-19 vaccination in SAARC countries, how the governments and regional leadership are handling and future challenges that have been raised and can be overcome effectively. This paper can be helpful for the policymakers and SAARC leaders for effective public health interventions in the region and to develop a recovery roadmap for the sustainable economic zone.

  19. Fulltext Effect of Step Gate Work Function on InGaAs p-TFET for Low Power Switching Applications
    Azam SMT, Bakibillah ASM, Hasan MT, Kamal MAS
    Nanomaterials (Basel), 2021 Nov 23;11(12).
    PMID: 34947514 DOI: 10.3390/nano11123166
    In this study, we theoretically investigated the effect of step gate work function on the InGaAs p-TFET device, which is formed by dual material gate (DMG). We analyzed the performance parameters of the device for low power digital and analog applications based on the gate work function difference (∆ϕS-D) of the source (ϕS) and drain (ϕD) side gate electrodes. In particular, the work function of the drain (ϕD) side gate electrodes was varied with respect to the high work function of the source side gate electrode (Pt, ϕS = 5.65 eV) to produce the step gate work function. It was found that the device performance varies with the variation of gate work function difference (∆ϕS-D) due to a change in the electric field distribution, which also changes the carrier (hole) distribution of the device. We achieved low subthreshold slope (SS) and off-state current (Ioff) of 30.89 mV/dec and 0.39 pA/µm, respectively, as well as low power dissipation, when the gate work function difference (∆ϕS-D = 1.02 eV) was high. Therefore, the device can be a potential candidate for the future low power digital applications. On the other hand, high transconductance (gm), high cut-off frequency (fT), and low output conductance (gd) of the device at low gate work function difference (∆ϕS-D = 0.61 eV) make it a viable candidate for the future low power analog applications.
  20. Fulltext Patients' Intention to Adopt Fintech Services: A Study on Bangladesh Healthcare Sector
    Hassan MS, Islam MA, Sobhani FA, Hassan MM, Hassan MA
    Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2022 Nov 19;19(22).
    PMID: 36430018 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192215302
    Advancement in technology has facilitated the shift toward new financial services. Numerous industries have undergone a digital transformation because of the expansion of cashless payment systems and other cutting-edge technologies. This study aimed to identify the factors that stimulate the patient's intention to adopt fintech services in the Bangladesh healthcare sector. To facilitate the study, data were collected through survey questionnaires from different hospitals and diagnostic centers patients. A total of 279 patients responded to the survey. The study employed structural equation modelling to analyze the data using SMART PLS 3.2.9. The results revealed that a significant relationship exists between perceived ease of use, social influence, facilitating conditions, personal innovativeness, and perceived trust in fintech services, and the adoption intention of the patients. The results of the study are beneficial to the healthcare sector and fintech companies who wish to make necessary arrangements to advance the growth of cashless fintech-based transactions.
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