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  1. Fulltext Zika outbreak emergency preparedness and response of Malaysian private healthcare professionals: are they ready?
    Rajiah K, Maharajan MK, Yin PY, Yee YW, Lin WW, Kean CH
    Microorganisms, 2019;7.
    DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7030087
    Zika virus has been declared as a public health emergency of international concern. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention has issued guidelines reminding healthcare workers about the importance of taking steps to prevent the spread of Zika virus, how to test and isolate patients suspected of carrying the Zika virus, and how to protect themselves from infection. Therefore, it is of utmost importance for healthcare professionals to be fully aware of Zika virus preparedness, and response measures should an outbreak occur in Malaysia in order to quickly and efficiently contain the outbreak, ensure the safety of individual or healthcare personnel safety, as well as to prevent further spreading of the disease. This research aims to show how prepared Malaysian healthcare professionals are against Zika virus and how well can they respond during an outbreak. In total, 504 healthcare professionals (128 general practitioners, 215 community pharmacists, 161 nurses) from private health clinics were the target population of the four states of Malaysia where Zika cases suspected. The sample size of each category was calculated by using a formula for estimating the population proportion. An additional 10% of the calculated sample size was added to compensate the non-response rate. The Center For Disease Control and Prevention and World Health Organisation provided a checklist to assess how prepared healthcare professionals are for an Zika outbreak. This checklist was modified to a questionnaire in order to assess health care professionals' preparedness and response to the Zika outbreak. Community pharmacists are still lacking in their preparedness and perceived response to the Zika outbreak compared to the general practitioners in the private sector. Hence community pharmacists should attend training given by the Ministry of Health Malaysia as a continuing education, which may help them to respond during a Zika outbreak.
  2. Fulltext Honey Dressing in Managing Malignant Fungating Wound: A Case Report
    Edith, J., Anantha K. R., Karenita K. S., Surayah M., Filzah M. K., Farhana H., et al.
    Borneo Journal of Medical Sciences, 2018;12(101):77-78.
    MyJurnal
    Honey dressing has been used to treat wounds since thousand years ago, however, it has been vanished of it usage on wounds management. Lately, it resurfaces again and has been used widely by clinicians in managing hard-to-heal ulcers. With the extensive study and research been carried out by scientists, a better understanding on the usage in managing non-healing ulcers has been widely accepted nowadays.
  3. Duration of oxygen therapy and exchange transfusion as risk factors associated with retinopathy of prematurity in very low birthweight infants
    Teoh SL, Boo NY, Ong LC, Nyein MK, Lye MS, Au MK
    Eye (Lond), 1995;9 ( Pt 6):733-7.
    PMID: 8849541
    One hundred and thirteen consecutive infants with a very low birthweight of less than 1500 g were followed prospectively for 6 months to determine the incidence of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and associated risk factors. Of this group, 36 (31.9%) infants developed ROP (13 infants had stage 1 ROP, nine had stage 2, six had stage 3, six had stage 4, and two had cicatricial stage ROP). Stepwise logistic regression analysis of various potential risk factors (birthweight, gestation, duration of oxygen therapy, duration of ventilation, highest documented PaO2 and exchange transfusion) showed that only two risk factors were significantly associated with the development of ROP. These risk factors were: the duration of oxygen therapy (p = 0.0005) and exchange transfusion during the neonatal period (odds ratio 5.754, 95% confidence interval 1.002 to 32.997, p = 0.049). The equation of the regression model is: log (odds of developing ROP) = -0.8395 + 0.1447 (OXY)- 0.8750 (ET), where OXY is the duration of oxygen therapy in days, ET = -1 when there was a history of exchange transfusion, and ET = 1 when there was no history of exchange transfusion.
  4. Fulltext Early results of metal on metal articulation total hip arthroplasty in young patients
    Mohamad JA, Kwan MK, Merican AM, Abbas AA, Kamari ZH, Hisa MK, et al.
    Med J Malaysia, 2004 Dec;59 Suppl F:3-7.
    PMID: 15941153
    We report our early experience of 20 cases of metal on metal articulation total hip arthroplasty in 19 young patients. Avascular necrosis of the femoral head (63%) was the commonest diagnosis for patients undergoing this procedure, followed by osteoarthritis (21%). In general, most of the patients were young and physically active with an average age of 43.1 years (range, 25 to 58 years). The average follow-up period was 18 months (range, 7 to 46 months). The mean total Harris Hip Score preoperatively and at final follow-up was 31 points and 89 points respectively. The mean total Pain Score improved from an average of 11.5 to 41.1 points at final follow-up. Sixteen (84%) of the patients had a good to excellent hip score. There was one dislocation, which stabilized after reduction and conservative management. One case of early infection underwent a two-staged revision.
  5. Fulltext A protocol for assessing the adhesion potential of lactic acid bacteria on various cell types
    Jayaram L, Ramu R, Puttegowda D, M K J, Kumari V B C, Goh KW
    STAR Protoc, 2025 Mar 21;6(1):103619.
    PMID: 39913288 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2025.103619
    Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are a large group produced during carbohydrate fermentation, resulting in lactic acid. Here, we present a protocol for probiotic adhesion and interaction into buccal epithelial cells, chicken epithelial cells, and HT-29 cells, as well as for autoaggregation and coaggregation. We describe steps for visualizing LAB adhesion by imaging cell adhesion using a light microscope. We then detail procedures for performing an adhesion assay. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Kumari et al.1.
  6. Fulltext Characterization of Lactobacillus spp. as Probiotic and Antidiabetic Potential Isolated from Boza, Traditional Fermented Beverage in Turkey
    Kumari V B C, Huligere S, M K J, Goh KW, Desai SM, H L K, et al.
    Int J Microbiol, 2024;2024:2148676.
    PMID: 38962395 DOI: 10.1155/2024/2148676
    Boza, a cereal-based beverage popular in southeast Europe, is fortified with probiotics and is believed to positively impact the composition of the gut microflora. This investigation focused on fermented cereal-based beverage boza to identify strains of probiotic Lactobacillus spp. capable of inhibiting carbohydrate-hydrolysing enzymes α-glucosidase (AG) and α-amylase (AA). The isolated bacterial strains underwent a comprehensive assessment, including biochemical, molecular, and probiotic trait analyses such as tolerance survivability, adhesion, safety, and health-promoting attributes. We evaluated the inhibitory potential of the supernatant, cell lysate, and intact cells of Lactobacillus spp. Molecular analysis has revealed that isolates RAMULAB30 and RAMULAB29 exhibit a significant genetic similarity (>97%) to Lacticaseibacillus paracasei and Limosilactobacillus fermentum, respectively. These findings are documented in the NCBI database. They exhibited significant resistance to gastrointestinal and intestinal fluids, also indicating their potential for adhesion. Additionally, the isolates showed a significant antibacterial activity, particularly against Micrococcus luteus. They showed resistance to vancomycin and methicillin antibiotics but were more susceptible to streptomycin and ampicillin. Furthermore, the strains demonstrated antioxidant properties. To ensure their safety, a haemolytic assay was conducted despite their general recognition as safe (GRAS) status. The study primarily aimed to evaluate the inhibitory effects of the extract on enzymes AG and AA. Bacterial isolates demonstrated a significant inhibitory activity against both enzyme AG (32%-67% inhibition) and enzyme AA (18%-46% inhibition) in different forms, including supernatant (CS), lysed extract (CE), and intact cell (IC). These findings underscore the potential of bacterial isolates to inhibit the enzyme activity effectively. Furthermore, the L. fermentum RAMULAB29 and L. paracasei RAMULAB30 strains exhibit remarkable antidiabetic potential. Food products incorporating these strains have promising prospects as nutraceuticals, providing improved health benefits.
  7. Fabrication and biocompatibility evaluation of hydroxyapatite-polycaprolactone-gelatin composite nanofibers as a bone scaffold
    Aminatun, Sujak M K A, Izak R D, Hadi S, Sari YW, Gunawarman, et al.
    RSC Adv, 2024 Aug 05;14(34):24815-24827.
    PMID: 39135975 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra02485k
    One approach to addressing bone defects involves the field of bone tissue engineering, with scaffolds playing an important role. The properties of the scaffold must be similar to those of natural bone, including pore size, porosity, interconnectivity, mechanical attributes, degradation rate, non-toxicity, non-immunogenicity, and biocompatibility. The primary goals of this study are as follows: first, to evaluate hydroxyapatite (HA)/polycaprolactone (PCL)/gelatin nanofiber scaffolds based on functional groups, fibre diameter, porosity, and degradation rate; second, to investigate the interaction between HA/PCL/gelatin scaffolds and osteoblast cells (specifically, the ATCC 7F2 cell line) using in vitro assays, including cell viability and adhesion levels. The fibre samples were fabricated using an electrospinning technique with a 15 kV voltage, a spinneret-collector distance of 10 cm, and a flow rate of 0.3 mL hour-1. The process was applied to five different HA/PCL/gelatin concentration ratios: 50 : 40 : 10; 50 : 30 : 20; 50 : 25 : 25; 50 : 20 : 30; 50 : 35 : 15 (in %wt). Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrum analysis and tests revealed no differences in functional groups across the five compositions. The identified functional groups include PO4 3-, OH-, CO3 2- and C[double bond, length as m-dash]O stretching. Notably, an increase in PCL concentrations resulted in larger fiber diameters, ranging from 369-1403 nm with an average value of 929 ± 175 nm. The highest porosity percentage was (77.27 ± 11.57) %, and a sufficient degradation rate of up to 3.5 months facilitated the proliferation process of osteoblast cells. Tensile strength assessments revealed a significant increase in tensile strength with the addition of PCL, reaching a peak of 1.93 MPa. The MTT assay demonstrated a discernible increase in cell proliferation, as evidenced by increased cell viability percentages on days 1, 3, and 5. Concurrently, the fluorescence microscopy examination indicated an increase in cell numbers, which was especially noticeable on days 1 and 5. The SEM analysis confirmed the biocompatibility of the HA/PCL/gelatin nanofiber scaffold, as osteoblast cells attached and dispersed successfully five days after seeding. Based on these findings, the HA/PCL/gelatin nanofiber scaffold emerges as a very promising candidate for treating bone damage.
  8. Fulltext Sauerkraut-derived LAB strains as potential probiotic candidates for modulating carbohydrate digestion attributing bacterial organic acid profiling to antidiabetic activity
    Huligere SS, Kumari V B C, Patil SM, M K J, Wong LS, Kijsomporn J, et al.
    Food Sci Nutr, 2024 Nov;12(11):9682-9701.
    PMID: 39620004 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.4444
    Sauerkraut-derived lactic acid bacterial (LAB) strains have gained attention due to their potential health benefits. This study focuses on evaluating seven Sauerkraut-derived RAMULAB strains isolated from sauerkraut, aiming to identify promising candidates for modulating α-glucosidase (AG) and α-amylase (AM) enzymatic functions. RAMULAB strains with remarkable probiotic potential can contribute to the digestive health and manage conditions like diabetes. Identifying robust candidates from sauerkraut, a fermented food, holds promise for natural and cost-effective probiotic sources. The RAMULAB strains underwent extensive characterization, including identification through 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequencing. Their tolerance to harsh conditions, adherence properties, antimicrobial activity, antioxidant potential, and inhibition of AG and AM were assessed. In silico analyses explored their molecular interactions, particularly with hydroxycitric acid, a potential antidiabetic compound. Among the RAMULAB strains, RAMULAB48 emerged as a standout candidate. It displayed exceptional resilience to acidic bile (≥97%), and simulated gastrointestinal conditions (≥95%), highlighting its suitability for probiotic applications. RAMULAB48 exhibited robust adherence properties, including cell-surface hydrophobicity (80%), autoaggregation (42%), coaggregation with pathogens (≥33%), and adhesion to epithelial cells. Additionally, all seven isolates demonstrated gamma-hemolysis and resistance to antibiotics (Kanamycin, Methicillin, and Vancomycin), while displaying strong antibacterial properties against foodborne pathogens. These RAMULAB strains also exhibited varying degrees of antioxidant activity, with RAMULAB48 displaying the highest potential (≥41%). In terms of antidiabetic activity, cell-free supernatant (CS) obtained from RAMULAB48 expressed the highest inhibition levels, notably inhibiting yeast AG by an impressive 59.55% and AM being by a remarkable 67.42%. RAMULAB48 produced organic acids, including hydroxycitric acid (28.024 mg/mL), which showed promising antidiabetic properties through in silico analyses, indicating favorable interactions with the target enzymes. This study identifies Lacticaseibacillus paracasei RAMULAB48, a Sauerkraut-derived RAMULAB strain, as a promising probiotic candidate with exceptional tolerance, adherence properties, antimicrobial activity, antioxidant potential, and antidiabetic effects. The presence of hydroxycitric acid further underscores its potential in managing diabetes.
  9. Specialisation in Primary Health Care: Training for the New General Practice in Malaysia
    Rajakumar MK, Ahmad MD, Balasundaram R, Low BT, Tan FEH, Wan KC, et al.
    Citation: Rajakumar MK, Ahmad MD, Balasundaram R, Low BT, Tan FEH, Wan KC, Catterall RA. Specialisation in Primary Health Care: Training for the New General Practice in Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur: College of General Practitioners Malaysia, 1986
  10. Production and characterization of the defatted oil palm shell nanoparticles
    Abdul Khalil HPS, Md. Sohrab Hossain, Nur Amiranajwa AS, Nurul Fazita MR, Mohamad Haafiz MK, Suraya N, et al.
    Sains Malaysiana, 2016;45:833-839.
    This present study was conducted to produce defatted oil palm shell (OPS) nanoparticles. Wherein, the OPS nanoparticles
    were defatted by solvent extraction method. Several analytical methods including transmission electron microscope (TEM),
    X-ray diffraction (XRD), particle size analyzer, scanning electron microscope (SEM), SEM energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX)
    and thermal gravimetric analyzer (TGA) were used to characterize the untreated and defatted OPS nanoparticles. It was
    found that 75.3% OPS particles were converted into nanoparticles during ball milling. The obtained OPS nanoparticles had
    smaller surface area with angular, irregular and crushed shapes under SEM view. The defatted OPS nanoparticles did not
    show any agglomeration during TEM observation. However, the untreated OPS nanoparticles had higher decomposition
    temperature as compared to the defatted OPS nanoparticles. Based on the characterization results of the OPS nanoparticles,
    it is evident that the defatted OPS nanoparticles has the potentiality to be used as filler in biocomposites
  11. Fulltext Cholinesterase-based biosensor for preliminary detection of toxic heavy metals in the environment and agricultural-based products
    Sabullah, M. K., Khalidi, S. A. M., Abdullah, R., Sani, S. A., Gansau, J. A., Ahmad, S. A., et al.
    International Food Research Journal, 2020;27(4):597-609.
    MyJurnal
    Heavy metals with high chemical activity from sludge and waste release, agriculture, and
    mining activity are a major concern. They should be carefully managed before reaching the
    main water bodies. Excessive exposure to heavy metal may cause toxic effect to any types of
    organism from the biomolecular to the physiological level, and ultimately cause death. Monitoring is the best technique to ensure the safety of our environment before a rehabilitation is
    needed. Nowadays, enzyme-based biosensors are utilised in biomonitoring programmes as
    this technique allows for a real-time detection and rapid result. It is also inexpensive and easy
    to handle. Enzyme-based biosensors are an alternative for the preliminary screening of
    contamination before a secondary screening is performed using high-performance technology.
    This review highlights the current knowledge on enzyme-based biosensors, focusing on
    cholinesterase for toxic metal detection in the environment.
  12. Reproductive biology of Nemipterus japonicus (Bloch, 1791) from the coastal waters of Bintulu (South China Sea), Sarawak, Malaysia
    Nettely T, Rajaee AH, Denil NA, Idris MH, Nesarul MH, Amin SMN, et al.
    J Environ Biol, 2016 07;37(4 Spec No):715-24.
    PMID: 28779731
    Samples of threadfin breams Nemipterus japonicus were collected from a village in Kuala Nyalau and a fish landing centre at Bintulu from April 2013 to March 2014. A total of 360 individuals of N. japonicus (214 male and 146 female) were used in this reproductive study.? The total length (TL) of individuals were measured to the nearest 0.1 cm and body weight (BW) was recorded to the nearest 0.1 g. Month-wise distribution of the sexes was significantly higher for males in September and March, while in the month of May the number of females was significantly higher (X(2) = 6.53; P < 0.05). Males showed a preponderance in the size-class of 19.0-20.9 cm (X(2) = 80.24; P < 0.001), 21.0 -22.9 cm (X(2) = 56.39; P < 0.001) and 23.0 -24.9 cm (X(2) = 17; P < 0.001). The gonadosomatic index (GSI) values of N. japonicus ranged from 0.07 to 0.19 for males and 0.34 to 4.99 for females. Females had higher GSI than males throughout the study period. For males, a higher GSI (0.11-0.19) was observed during January to February, while it was found to be higher (2.73-4.99) for females during January to March, indicating the spawning season. The present study revealed that ovarian maturity based on histological analysis of N. japonicus was classified into seven stages namely, immature (I), immature (II), maturing (III), mature (IV), ripe (V), spawning (VI) and spent (VII). The fecundity of N. japonicus was estimated to be within a range of 19221 to 85923 with higher GSI (3.08-6.78) from the coastal waters of Bintulu, Sarawak.
  13. Immunohistochemical expression of NANOG in urothelial carcinoma of the bladder
    Md Akhir MKA, Hussin H, Veerakumarasivam A, Choy CS, Abdullah MA, Abd Ghani F
    Malays J Pathol, 2017 Dec;39(3):227-234.
    PMID: 29279584 MyJurnal
    Urothelial carcinoma is a common malignant neoplasm that has a poor prognosis and a high frequency of recurrence and metastasis. Constant disease surveillance with periodic and long term cystoscopy examination is necessary for management of the disease. However, the monitoring and therapy regimen is expensive, incurring a massive burden to patients and the government. Therefore, the development of specific biomarkers for urothelial carcinoma at an early stage and recurrence detection becomes a priority. Homeobox genes are a family of genes that are involved in tumourigenesis. They might be potential prognostic markers for urothelial carcinoma. The study investigated the expression pattern of NANOG which is one of a homeobox gene in different stages and grades of urothelial carcinoma. NANOG expressions were also correlated with patient demographic factors and clinicopathological parameters. The expression of NANOG in 100 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded urothelial carcinoma tissues was determined by immunohistochemistry. Immunohistochemistry showed positive expression of NANOG in all specimens with detection in the cytoplasm, nuclei and the nuclear membrane of the cancer cells. The immunohistochemical expression of NANOG increased across stages and grades of the tumour. The expression of NANOG was not significantly associated with demographic factors; gender (p = 0.376), race (p = 0.718) and age (p = 0.058) as well as with most of the clinicopathological parameters; pathological stage (p = 0.144), grade (p = 0.625), lymph node involvement (p = 0.174) and distant metastasis (p = 0.228). However, NANOG expression showed significant correlation with tumour invasion (p = 0.019). We concluded that NANOG might be a potential biomarker for early diagnosis of urothelial carcinoma of the bladder.
  14. Field-Effect Transistor-Integration with TiO2 Nanoparticles for Sensing of Cardiac Troponin I Biomarker
    Arshad MKM, Adzhri R, Fathil MFM, Gopinath SCB, N M NM
    J Nanosci Nanotechnol, 2018 Aug 01;18(8):5283-5291.
    PMID: 29458578 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2018.15419
    The development of electrical biosensor towards device miniaturization in order to achieve better sensitivity with enhanced electrical signal has certain limitations especially complexity in fabrication process and costs. In this paper, an alternative technique with minor modification in the device structure is presented for signal amplification by implementing ambipolar conduction in the biosensor itself. We demonstrated the field-effect transistor (FET)-based biosensor coupled back-gate for attaining a higher sensitivity with the detection of lower target abundance. To utilize the coupled back-gate as a pre-amplifier, silicon-on-insulator wafer with thicknesses of top-silicon and buried oxide (BOX) layers of 70 nm and 145 nm, respectively were desired. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanomaterial was deposited using sol-gel method on the channel which acts as a transducer. Surface functionalization on TiO2 thin film allowed an effective immobilization of anti-cardiac troponin I antibody to interact cardiac troponin I (cTnI). Binding events at each step was validated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. Further, electrical characterization (Id-Vd) confirms the potentiality of FET-based biosensor to detect cTnI (represents acute myocardial infarction disease) with the concentration ranges from 10 μg/ml down to 1 fg/ml. The sensitivity of 459.2 nA (g/ml)-1 and lower detection limit of 1 fg/ml were achieved at Vbg = -5 V and Vd = 5 V. The designed device demonstrates its ability to detect lower level of cTnI with pre-amplified electrical signal by back-gate biasing.
  15. Fulltext Detection of Adherence of Enterococcus faecalis in Infected Dentin of Extracted Human Teeth Using Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope: An In vitro Study
    Nair VS, Nayak M, Ramya MK, Sivadas G, Ganesh C, Devi SL, et al.
    J Pharm Bioallied Sci, 2017 Nov;9(Suppl 1):S41-S44.
    PMID: 29284934 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.JPBS_92_17
    AIM: The aim of this study is to detect in vitro adherence of Enterococcus faecalis to the infected dentinal tubules of human extracted teeth using confocal laser scanning microscope.

    SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Roots from human premolar teeth (n = 40) were infected with E. faecalis strain the American Type Culture Collection 29212 in brain heart infusion for 21 days. After the experimental period, specimens were divided into two groups, Group A (n = 20), Group B (n = 20), and Group A specimens were stained with fluorescein diacetate dye for the detection of viability and adherence Group B were stained with acridine orange dye for detection of metabolic activity and adherence. Samples were washed, thoroughly sectioned and examined by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Computer-assisted determinants of fluorescence, bacterial viability, metabolic activity, and adherence were compared statistically.

    RESULTS: E. faecalis was able to invade the dentinal tubules to a depth of 1-400 μm and adhere to 1-200 μm depth. Adherence (90%) was significantly higher in 1-100 μm using fluorescein diacetate and acridine orange dye.

    CONCLUSION: Adherence of E. faecalis as evaluated by confocal laser scanning microscope was highest at the depth of 1-100 μm which may have an impact on the shaping and cleaning procedures on the root canal.

  16. Fulltext Crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis of (2E)-3-(3-chloro-phen-yl)-1-(3,4-di-meth-oxy-phen-yl)prop-2-en-1-one
    Sheshadri SN, Atioğlu Z, Akkurt M, Chidan Kumar CS, Quah CK, Siddaraju BP, et al.
    Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun, 2018 Jul 01;74(Pt 7):935-938.
    PMID: 30002889 DOI: 10.1107/S205698901800837X
    In title compound, C17H15ClO3, the dihedral angle between the benzene and chloro-phenyl rings is 18.46 (7)°. In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked by C-H⋯O hydrogen contacts, enclosing an R22(14) ring motif, and by a further C-H⋯O hydrogen contact, forming a two-dimensional supra-molecular structure extending along the direction parallel to the ac plane. Hirshfeld surface analysis shows that van der Waals inter-actions constitute the major contribution to the inter-molecular inter-actions, with H⋯H contacts accounting for 36.2% of the surface.
  17. Fulltext Crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis of (2E)-3-(2,4-di-chloro-phen-yl)-1-(2,5-di-chloro-thio-phen-3-yl)prop-2-en-1-one
    Murthy TNS, Atioğlu Z, Akkurt M, Chidan Kumar CS, Veeraiah MK, Quah CK, et al.
    Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun, 2018 Sep 01;74(Pt 9):1201-1205.
    PMID: 30225099 DOI: 10.1107/S2056989018010976
    The mol-ecular structure of the title compound, C13H6Cl4OS, consists of a 2,5-di-chloro-thio-phene ring and a 2,4-di-chloro-phenyl ring linked via a prop-2-en-1-one spacer. The dihedral angle between the 2,5-di-chloro-thio-phene ring and the 2,4-di-chloro-phenyl ring is 12.24 (15)°. The mol-ecule has an E configuration about the C=C bond and the carbonyl group is syn with respect to the C=C bond. The mol-ecular conformation is stabilized by intra-molecular C-H⋯Cl contacts, producing S(6) and S(5) ring motifs. In the crystal, the mol-ecules are linked along the a-axis direction through face-to-face π-stacking between the thio-phene rings and the benzene rings of the mol-ecules in zigzag sheets lying parallel to the bc plane along the c axis. The inter-molecular inter-actions in the crystal packing were further analysed using Hirshfield surface analysis, which indicates that the most significant contacts are Cl⋯H/ H⋯Cl (20.8%), followed by Cl⋯Cl (18.7%), C⋯C (11.9%), Cl⋯S/S⋯Cl (10.9%), H⋯H (10.1%), C⋯H/H⋯C (9.3%) and O⋯H/H⋯O (7.6%).
  18. Fulltext Crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis of (E)-3-(2-chloro-4-fluoro-phen-yl)-1-(2,5-di-chloro-thio-phen-3-yl)prop-2-en-1-one
    Sanjeeva Murthy TN, Naveen S, Chidan Kumar CS, Veeraiah MK, Quah CK, Siddaraju BP, et al.
    Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun, 2018 Aug 01;74(Pt 8):1134-1137.
    PMID: 30116578 DOI: 10.1107/S2056989018010216
    In the title chalcone-thio-phene derivative, C13H6Cl3FOS, the aromatic rings are inclined to one another by 12.9 (2)°, and the thio-phene ring is affected by π-conjugation. In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked by C-H⋯F hydrogen bonds, forming an R22(8) ring motif. A Hirshfeld surface analysis was conducted to verify the contribution of the different inter-molecular inter-actions. The shape-index surface clearly shows that the two sides of the mol-ecules are involved in the same contacts with neighbouring mol-ecules and the curvedness plots show flat surface patches characteristic of planar stacking.
  19. Fulltext Crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis of (2E)-3-(3-bromo-4-fluoro-phen-yl)-1-(3,4-di-meth-oxy-phen-yl)prop-2-en-1-one
    Sheshadri SN, Atioğlu Z, Akkurt M, Veeraiah MK, Quah CK, Chidan Kumar CS, et al.
    Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun, 2018 Aug 01;74(Pt 8):1063-1066.
    PMID: 30116562 DOI: 10.1107/S2056989018009416
    In the mol-ecule of the title compound, C17H14BrFO3, the aromatic rings are tilted with respect to the enone bridge by 13.63 (14) and 4.27 (15)°, and form a dihedral angle 17.91 (17)°. In the crystal, centrosymmetrically related mol-ecules are linked by pairs of C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds into dimeric units, forming rings of R22(14) graph-set motif. The dimers are further connected by weak C-H⋯O hydrogen inter-actions, forming layers parallel to (10). Hirshfeld surface analysis shows that van der Waals inter-actions constitute the major contribution to the inter-molecular inter-actions, with H⋯H contacts accounting for 29.7% of the surface.
  20. Fulltext Morbidity patterns and healthcare utilisation among older people in Malaysia: 1996-2015
    NoorAni A, Rajini S, Balkish MN, Noraida MK, SMaria A, Fadhli MY, et al.
    Public Health, 2018 Aug 16;163:105-112.
    PMID: 30121437 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2018.06.018
    OBJECTIVE: This article examines the trends in morbidities and healthcare utilisation in Malaysian older people aged 60 years and above.
    STUDY DESIGN: This is a repeated cross-sectional study.
    METHODS: Data from three nation-wide community-based surveys, which were conducted in 1996, 2006, and 2015 were analysed. Multivariate analysis was performed for 2015 data to identify factors associated with healthcare utilisation.
    RESULTS: Analysis noted increasing trends in the prevalence of diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia and obesity from 1996 to 2015. Decreasing trends were noted in the prevalence of current smokers and drinkers over this 20-year period, whereas health service utilisation increased with age in all surveys. In 2015, both inpatient and outpatient care are significantly associated with increasing age and diabetes.
    CONCLUSIONS: Increasing trends of health problems and healthcare utilisation were observed among older people in Malaysia. Policymakers should plan for appropriate resources to meet the challenges of an ageing population in Malaysia.
    Study name: National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS-1996, NHMS-2006, NHMS-2015)
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