Displaying publications 321 - 340 of 394 in total

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  1. Fulltext A rapid and sensitive Loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for detection of pork DNA based on porcine tRNA lys and ATPase 8 genes
    Abdullahi, U.F., Igwenagu, E., Aliyu, S., Mu’azu, A., Naim, R., Wan-Taib, W.R.
    International Food Research Journal, 2017;24(4):1357-1361.
    MyJurnal
    This study describes the development of a rapid and sensitive Loop-mediated isothermal
    amplification assay for detection of swine DNA in adulterated meat and meat products. The
    need to protect consumer’s right to eat foods of their choices, has made it imperative for
    researchers to develop efficient means of screening and certification of food products. Six sets
    of LAMP primers designed based on porcine tRNA lysine gene and ATPase subunit 8 genes
    were used for the assay. Amplification was carried out under constant temperature (630C), using
    a simple laboratory water bath. Average time spent in amplification and detection of results was
    25 min. All results were visually detected and confirmed by electrophoresis. Detection limit of
    the assay was 0.03 femtogram (fg) much high than the PCR assay, and detection probability of
    the assay was 100%. Detection of 0.5% of pork spiked with 99.5% of cattle beef is indicative
    of the sensitivity and robustness of the assay. This could serve as a prototype for development
    of a sensitive and inexpensive Swine DNA LAMP detection kit.
    Matched MeSH terms: Swine
  2. Fulltext Needs of exploring the burden of recent onset seizures due to neurocysticercosis and challenges in southeast Asia focusing on scenario in Malaysia
    Sahu PS, Lim YAL, Mahmud R, Somanath SD, Tan CT, Ramachandran CP
    Asian Pac J Trop Med, 2017 Apr;10(4):332-340.
    PMID: 28552103 DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtm.2017.03.024
    Seizures due to neurocysticercosis (NCC) is a neglected human-to-human transmitted disorder and an emerging problem worldwide. A substantial portion of recent onset seizures is known to be attributed to NCC in Taenia solium (T. solium) endemic areas where populations which neither raise pigs nor eat pig meat are also at risk. High prevalence of NCC causing epilepsy has been reported in the underdeveloped areas of Southeast Asia (SEA) however, only fragmentary information on its incidence is available in countries like Malaysia. In Malaysia T. solium infection was previously thought to be infrequent due to Muslim population majority and the religious prohibition of consuming pork, but it is not totally absent. There is an evident lack of knowledge and awareness of the actual burden, routes of transmission, and the impact of NCC in this region. The problem is assumed to be more prevalent particularly in cities because of the frequent inflow of possibly T. solium infected individuals or carriers among those who migrate from neighboring endemic countries to Malaysia. The issue of imported cases that are likely to be emerging in Malaysia is highlighted here. An accurate quantification of regional burdens of epilepsy due to NCC in Malaysia is warranted considering the disease emergence in its neighboring countries. It is suggested that the importance of NCC be recognized through quantification of its burden, and also to collect epidemiological data for its subsequent elimination in line of World Health Organization's mission for control of cysticercosis as a neglected tropical disease. In this review the need as well as a strategy for neuro-care center screening of epilepsy cases, and various issues with possible explanations are discussed. It is also proposed that NCC be declared as a reportable disease which is one of the eradicable public health problems in SEA.
    Matched MeSH terms: Swine
  3. Molecular beacon-based real-time PCR method for detection of porcine DNA in gelatin and gelatin capsules
    Mohamad NA, Mustafa S, Khairil Mokhtar NF, El Sheikha AF
    J Sci Food Agric, 2018 Sep;98(12):4570-4577.
    PMID: 29505123 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8985
    BACKGROUND: The pharmaceutical industry has boosted gelatin consumption worldwide. This is supported by the availability of cost-effective gelatin production from porcine by-products. However, cross-contamination of gelatin materials, where porcine gelatin was unintentionally included in the other animal sources of gelatin, has caused significant concerns about halal authenticity. The real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has enabled a highly specific and sensitive animal species detection method in various food products. Hence, such a technique was employed in the present study to detect and quantify porcine DNA in gelatin using a molecular beacon probe, with differences in performance between mitochondrial (cytochrome b gene) and chromosomal DNA-(MPRE42 repetitive element) based porcine-specific PCR assays being compared.

    RESULTS: A higher sensitivity was observed in chromosomal DNA (MPRE-PCR assay), where this assay allows the detection of gelatin DNA at amounts as as low as 1 pg, whereas mitochondrial DNA (CBH-PCR assay) can only detect at levels down to 10 pg of gelatin DNA. When an analysis with commercial gelatin and gelatin capsule samples was conducted, the same result was observed, with a significantly more sensitive detection being provided by the repetitive element of chromosomal DNA.

    CONCLUSION: The present study has established highly sensitive DNA-based porcine detection systems derived from chromosomal DNA that are feasible for highly processed products such as gelatin and gelatin capsules containing a minute amount of DNA. This sensitive detection method can also be implemented to assist the halal authentication process of various food products available on the market. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.

    Matched MeSH terms: Swine
  4. Fulltext A VLP-based vaccine provides complete protection against Nipah virus challenge following multiple-dose or single-dose vaccination schedules in a hamster model
    Walpita P, Cong Y, Jahrling PB, Rojas O, Postnikova E, Yu S, et al.
    NPJ Vaccines, 2017;2:21.
    PMID: 29263876 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-017-0023-7
    Nipah virus is a highly lethal zoonotic paramyxovirus that was first recognized in Malaysia during an outbreak in 1998. During this outbreak, Nipah virus infection caused a severe febrile neurological disease in humans who worked in close contact with infected pigs. The case fatality rate in humans was approximately 40%. Since 2001, NiV has re-emerged in Bangladesh and India where fruit bats (Pteropus spp.) have been identified as the principal reservoir of the virus. Transmission to humans is considered to be bat-to-human via food contaminated with bat saliva, or consumption of contaminated raw date palm sap, although human-to-human transmission of Nipah virus has also been documented. To date, there are no approved prophylactic options or treatment for NiV infection. In this study, we produced mammalian cell-derived native Nipah virus-like particles composed of Nipah virus G, F and M proteins for use as a novel Nipah virus vaccine. Previous studies demonstrated that the virus-like particles were structurally similar to authentic virus, functionally assembled and immunoreactive. In the studies reported here, purified Nipah virus-like particles were utilized either alone or with adjuvant to vaccinate golden Syrian hamsters with either three-dose or one-dose vaccination regimens followed by virus challenge. These studies found that Nipah virus-like particle immunization of hamsters induced significant neutralizing antibody titers and provided complete protection to all vaccinated animals following either single or three-dose vaccine schedules. These studies prove the feasibility of a virus-like particle-based vaccine for protection against Nipah virus infection.
    Matched MeSH terms: Swine
  5. Fulltext Anti-pancreatic lipase and anti-adipogenic effects of 5, 7, 3',4',5' -pentamethoxy and 6, 2',4'-trimethoxy flavone - An In vitro study
    Ahmad B, Friar EP, Taylor E, Vohra MS, Serpell CJ, Garrett MD, et al.
    Eur J Pharmacol, 2023 Jan 05;938:175445.
    PMID: 36473593 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175445
    In this study, the anti-obesity effects of 5,7,3',4',5-pentamethoxyflavone (PMF) and 6,2',4'-trimethoxyflavone (TMF) were evaluated through two distinct mechanisms of action: inhibition of crude porcine pancreatic lipase (PL), and inhibition of adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes. Both flavones show dose dependent, competitive inhibition of PL activity. Molecular docking studies revealed binding of the flavones to the active site of PL. In 3T3-L1 adipocytes, both flavones reduced the accumulation of lipids and triglycerides. PMF and TMF also lowered the expression of adipogenic and lipogenic genes. They both reduced the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α and β (C/EBP α and β), sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBF 1), fatty acid synthase (FASN), adipocyte binding protein 2 (aP2), and leptin gene. In addition, these flavones enhanced adiponectin mRNA expression, increased lipolysis and enhanced the expression of lipolytic genes: adipose triglycerides lipase (ATGL), hormone sensitive lipase (HSL) and monoglycerides lipase (MAGL) in mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Overall, PMF was seen to be a more potent inhibitor of both PL activity and adipogenesis versus TMF. These results suggest that PMF and TMF possess anti-obesity activities and can be further evaluated for their anti-obesity effects.
    Matched MeSH terms: Swine
  6. A voltammetric immunosensor based on a nanoporous alumina millirod for detection of porcine serum albumin
    Mahmud AH, Salahuddin NM, Md Jani AM, Abu Bakar NF, Zainal Abidin SAS, Mohd Zain Z, et al.
    Food Chem, 2023 Jun 15;411:135493.
    PMID: 36689871 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135493
    A voltammetric immunosensor was developed for detection of porcine serum albumin (PSA) to identify raw meat products adulterated with pork. A novel strategy to fabricate multiple individual nanoporous alumina (NPA) millirods (length, 5.0 mm; diameter, 1.0 mm) as the biorecognition platform is described. Each NPA millirod was covalently bioconjugated with anti-PSA capturing antibodies (α-PSAC). Following immunocapture, the PSA bound to the α-PSAC/NPA millirod bioconjugate were tagged with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) functionalized with anti-PSA detection antibodies as the signaling probe. Subsequently, the AuNPs were voltammetrically analyzed to quantify the target PSA. The immunosensor exhibited 100 % specificity and high sensitivity to PSA with a limit of detection (LoD) of 50 (range, 0-1000) pg/mL (R2 = 0.9907). Real-world applicability was successfully validated using pork/beef adulterated mixtures with a LoD of 0.05 % (w/w). Overall, the detection performance of the proposed immunosensor was excellent and, thus, is suitable for surveillance of food safety and quality.
    Matched MeSH terms: Swine
  7. Chiral liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method development for the detection of salbutamol in urine samples
    Chan SH, Lee W, Asmawi MZ, Tan SC
    J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci, 2016 Jul 01;1025:83-91.
    PMID: 27232053 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.05.015
    A sequential solid-phase extraction (SPE) method was developed and validated using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) for the detection and quantification of salbutamol enantiomers in porcine urine. Porcine urine samples were hydrolysed with β-glucuronidase/arylsulfatase from Helix pomatia and then subjected to a double solid-phase extraction (SPE) first using the Abs-Elut Nexus SPE and then followed by the Bond Elut Phenylboronic Acid (PBA) SPE. The salbutamol enantiomers were separated using the Astec CHIROBIOTIC™ T HPLC column (3.0mm×100mm; 5μm) maintained at 15°C with a 15min isocratic run at a flow rate of 0.4mL/min. The mobile phase constituted of 5mM ammonium formate in methanol. Salbutamol and salbutamol-tert-butyl-d9 (internal standard, IS) was monitored and quantified with the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. The method showed good linearity for the range of 0.1-10ng/mL with limit of quantification at 0.3ng/mL. Analysis of the QC samples showed intra- and inter-assay precisions to be less than 5.04%, and recovery ranging from 83.82 to 102.33%.
    Matched MeSH terms: Swine
  8. Fulltext Antimicrobial susceptibility of Leptospira spp. isolated from environmental, human and animal sources in Malaysia
    Benacer D, Zain SN, Ooi PT, Thong KL
    Indian J Med Microbiol, 2017 Jan-Mar;35(1):124-128.
    PMID: 28303833 DOI: 10.4103/ijmm.IJMM_15_458
    Leptospirosis is a zoonosis with worldwide distribution caused by pathogenic spirochetes of the genus Leptospira. The aim of this study was to evaluate the susceptibility of isolates obtained from different hosts. A total of 65 Leptospira isolates from humans (n = 1), zoonoses (rat, n = 60; dog, n = 1; swine, n = 1) and environment (n = 2) were tested against six antibiotics. All the isolates were resistant to trimethoprim and sulphamethoxazole and had high MIC toward chloramphenicol (MIC90: 6.25 μg/ml). All except one environment isolate were sensitive to ampicillin, doxycycline and penicillin G.
    Matched MeSH terms: Swine
  9. Emergence of equine-like G3 and porcine-like G9 rotavirus strains in Sarawak, Malaysia: 2019-2021
    Tahar AS, Ong EJ, Rahardja A, Mamora D, Lim KT, Ahmed K, et al.
    J Med Virol, 2023 Aug;95(8):e28987.
    PMID: 37501648 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28987
    Rotavirus is the leading causative viral agent of pediatric acute gastroenteritis globally, infecting mostly children 5 years old and below. Data on rotavirus prevalence in Malaysia is scarce, despite the WHO's recommendation for continuous rotavirus surveillance, and has underestimated the need for national rotavirus vaccination. Characteristics of the current rotavirus strains in Malaysia have to be determined to understand the rotavirus epidemiology and vaccine compatibility. This study sought to determine the genetic relatedness of Sarawak rotavirus strains with global strains and to determine the antigenic coverage and epitope compatibility of Rotarix and RotaTeq vaccines with the Sarawak rotavirus strains via in silico analysis. A total of 89 stool samples were collected from pediatric patients (<5 years old) with acute gastroenteritis at private hospitals in Kuching, Sarawak. Rotavirus was detected using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Positive amplicons were analyzed using nucleotide sequencing before phylogenetic analyses and assessment of epitope compatibility. Genotyping revealed G1P[8] (1/13; 7.7%), G3P[8] (3/13; 23%), G9P[4] (1/13; 7.7%), and G9P[8] (3/13; 23%), G9P[X] (1/13; 7.7%), GXP[4] (1/13; 7.7%), and GXP[8] (3/13; 23%) in samples. All wild-type Sarawak rotavirus strains, with the exception of G1, showed variations in their phylogenetic and antigenic epitope characteristics.
    Matched MeSH terms: Swine
  10. Bromophenol blue binding to mammalian albumins and displacement of albumin-bound bilirubin
    Kim BB, Abdul Kadir H, Tayyab S
    Pak J Biol Sci, 2008 Oct 15;11(20):2418-22.
    PMID: 19137852
    Interaction of bromophenol blue (BPB) with serum albumins from different mammalian species, namely, human (HSA), bovine (BSA), goat (GSA), sheep (SSA), rabbit (RbSA), porcine (PSA) and dog (DSA) was studied using absorption and absorption difference spectroscopy. BPB-albumin complexes showed significant differences in the spectral characteristics, i.e., extent of bathochromic shift and hypochromism relative to the spectral features of free BPB. Absorption difference spectra of these complexes also showed variations in the position of maxima and absorption difference (deltaAbs.) values. Absorption difference spectra of different bilirubin (BR)-albumin complexes showed a significant blue shift accompanied by decrease in deltaAbs. values in presence of BPB which were indicative of the displacement of bound BR from its binding site in BR-albumin complexes. These changes in the difference spectral characteristics of BR-albumin complexes were more marked at higher BPB concentration. However, the extent of these changes was different for different BR-albumin complexes. Taken together, all these results suggest that BPB partially shares BR binding site on albumin and different mammalian albumins show differences in the microenvironment of the BR/BPB binding site.
    Matched MeSH terms: Swine
  11. Fulltext The Application of Molecular Spectroscopy in Combination with Chemometrics for Halal Authentication Analysis: A Review
    Rohman A, Windarsih A
    Int J Mol Sci, 2020 Jul 21;21(14).
    PMID: 32708254 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21145155
    Halal is an Arabic term used to describe any components allowed to be used in any products by Muslim communities. Halal food and halal pharmaceuticals are any food and pharmaceuticals which are safe and allowed to be consumed according to Islamic law (Shariah). Currently, in line with halal awareness, some Muslim countries such as Indonesia, Malaysia, and Middle East regions have developed some standards and regulations on halal products and halal certification. Among non-halal components, the presence of pig derivatives (lard, pork, and porcine gelatin) along with other non-halal meats (rat meat, wild boar meat, and dog meat) is typically found in food and pharmaceutical products. This review updates the recent application of molecular spectroscopy, including ultraviolet-visible, infrared, Raman, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopies, in combination with chemometrics of multivariate analysis, for analysis of non-halal components in food and pharmaceutical products. The combination of molecular spectroscopic-based techniques and chemometrics offers fast and reliable methods for screening the presence of non-halal components of pig derivatives and non-halal meats in food and pharmaceutical products.
    Matched MeSH terms: Swine
  12. Fulltext Porcine placenta hydrolysate as an alternate functional food ingredient: In vitro antioxidant and antibacterial assessments
    Laosam P, Panpipat W, Yusakul G, Cheong LZ, Chaijan M
    PLoS One, 2021;16(10):e0258445.
    PMID: 34695136 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258445
    The production of bioactive peptides from animal-based raw materials highly depends on enzymatic hydrolysis. Porcine placenta is an underutilized biomass in Thailand's pig farms, yet it is still a source of proteins and beneficial compounds. Porcine placenta could be used as a protein substrate for the production of enzymatic hydrolysate, which could be employed as a functional food ingredient in the future. The goal of this study was to enzymatically produce porcine placenta hydrolysates (PPH) using three commercial enzymes (Alcalase, Flavouzyme, and papain) and evaluate their in vitro antioxidant and antibacterial activity. The degree of hydrolysis (DH) increased as the enzyme load and hydrolysis time increased, but the DH was governed by the enzyme class. The maximum DH was found after using 10% enzyme for 20 min of hydrolysis (36.60%, 31.40%, and 29.81% for Alcalase, Flavouzyme, and papain). Depending on the enzyme type and DH, peptides of various sizes (0.40-323.56 kDa) were detected in all PPH. PPH created with Alcalase had an excellent reducing capacity and metal chelating ability (p < 0.05), whereas PPH made with Flavourzyme and Papain had higher DPPH• and ABTS•+ inhibitory activities (p < 0.05). Papain-derived PPH also had a strong antibacterial effect against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, with clear zone values of 17.20 mm and 14.00 mm, respectively (p < 0.05). When PPH was transported via a gastrointestinal tract model system, its antioxidative characteristics were altered. PPH's properties and bioactivities were thus influenced by the enzyme type, enzyme concentration, and hydrolysis time used. Therefore, PPH produced from porcine placenta can be categorized as an antioxidant and antibacterial alternative.
    Matched MeSH terms: Swine
  13. Fulltext A meta-analysis of livestock brucellosis prevalence in Indonesia
    Ridlo MR, Andityas M, Primatika RA, Widantara H, Loong SK, Nuraini DM
    Vet Q, 2024 Dec;44(1):1-14.
    PMID: 39162149 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2024.2390945
    Indonesia has a long history of livestock brucellosis, but the overall pooled prevalence remains unclear. This study aims to determine the pooled estimated prevalence of livestock brucellosis in Indonesia using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Five databases were searched and screened using predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data from included studies were extracted and analyzed using a random effects model in R 4.3.0 for pooled estimated prevalence, subgroup meta-analysis, and meta-regression. Publication bias and sensitivity tests were conducted using Egger's test, funnel plot, trim and fill plot, and leave-one-out. The screening process identified 46 included studies, representing 47,057 samples for brucellosis testing. The pooled estimated prevalence for livestock brucellosis was 3.25% (95% CI, 1.81%-5.78%) with high heterogeneity (Q = 2130.91, p = 0, I2=98%). Subgroup meta-analysis indicated no significant difference in the prevalence of livestock brucellosis across the main islands in Indonesia (p = 0.44) and across provinces in Sulawesi Island (p = 0.83), but significant differences were found among provinces in Java (p 
    Matched MeSH terms: Swine
  14. Emerging and re-emerging epidemic encephalitis: a tale of two viruses
    Wong KT
    Neuropathol. Appl. Neurobiol., 2000 Aug;26(4):313-8.
    PMID: 10931364
    Two major epidemics of viral encephalitis occurred in Asia in 1997 and 1998. The first was a re-emergence of neurovirulent strains of enterovirus 71, which caused severe encephalomyelitis in children in Malaysia, Taiwan and Japan, on a background of hand, foot and mouth disease. Necropsy studies of patients who died of enterovirus 71 infection showed severe perivascular cuffing, parenchymal inflammation and neuronophagia in the spinal cord, brainstem and diencephalon, and in focal areas in the cerebellum and cerebrum. Although no viral inclusions were detected, immunohistochemistry showed viral antigen in the neuronal cytoplasm. Inflammation was often more extensive than neuronal infection, suggesting that other factors, in addition to direct viral cytolysis, may be involved in tissue damage. The second epidemic of viral encephalitis was the result of a novel paramyxovirus called Nipah, which mainly involved pig handlers in Malaysia and Singapore. Pathological evidence suggested that the endothelium of small blood vessels in the central nervous system was particularly susceptible to infection. This led to disseminated endothelial damage and syncytium formation, vasculitis, thrombosis, ischaemia and microinfarction. However, there was also evidence of neuronal infection by the virus and this may also have contributed to the neurological dysfunction in Nipah encephalitis. Some patients who seemed to recover from the acute symptoms have been re-admitted with clinical findings suggestive of relapsing encephalitis. As these two epidemics indicate, the emergence and re-emergence of viral encephalitides continue to pose considerable challenges to the neuropathologist, in establishing the diagnosis and unravelling the pathogenesis of the neurological disease.
    Matched MeSH terms: Swine/virology
  15. Emerging viral diseases
    Nichol ST, Arikawa J, Kawaoka Y
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2000 Nov 07;97(23):12411-2.
    PMID: 11035785
    Matched MeSH terms: Swine/virology
  16. [Molecular-genetic analysis of the genomes of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and porcine circovirus type 2 circulating in the area of Russian Federation]
    Bulgakov AD, Grebennikova TV, Iuzhakov AG, Aliper TI, Nepoklonov EA
    Mol. Gen. Mikrobiol. Virusol., 2014.
    PMID: 25845139
    The molecular genetic analysis of the genomes of the virus of porcine reproductive respiratory syndrome (VPRRS) and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV-2) circulating in the area of the Russian Federation was discussed. The results of this work showed the circulation of the strains of the European genotype VPRRS similar to those found in France and Denmark from 1998 to 2001. The homology of the fragment of one of the genes between the Russian isolates and the vaccine strain Porcilis PRRS (Intervet) was found. It requires further study. The strains representing the North American genotype VPRRS were not found. The PCV-2 genomes fall into three separate goups. One (genotype 2b) is formed by isolates in Malaysia, Brazil, Switzerland, China, Slovakia, UK, USA, isolated during the period from 2004 to the present time. The second group consists of sequences of the viruses isolated in 2000-2012 in Canada, the U.S., China, and South Korea (genotype 2a). The third group is formed by highly pathogenic isolates in 2013 from China (highly pathogenic genotype 2c). The circulation of all three known genotypes of PCV-2: 2a, 2b, and 2c in Russian Federation was demonstrated.
    Matched MeSH terms: Swine
  17. Composition and thermal analysis of lard stearin and lard olein
    Yanty NA, Marikkar JM, Man YB, Long K
    J Oleo Sci, 2011;60(7):333-8.
    PMID: 21701095
    Lard being an edible fat could be used in different forms in food systems. In this study, composition and thermal analysis of lard stearin (LS) and lard olein (LO) were undertaken to determine some common parameters which would enable their detection in food. A sample of native lard was partitioned into LS and LO using acetone as solvent and the fractions were compared to the original sample with respect to basic physico-chemical parameters, fatty acid and triacylglycerol (TAG) composition, and thermal characteristics. Although LS and LO displayed wider variations in basic physico-chemical parameters, thermal properties and solidification behavior, they do possess some common characteristic features with regard to composition. In spite of the proportional differences in the major fatty acids, both LS and LO are found to possess extremely high amount of palmitic (C16:0) acid at the sn-2 positions of their TAG molecules. Similar to native lard, both LS and LO contained approximately equal proportions of TAG molecules namely, linoleoyl-palmitoyl-oleoyl glycerol (LPO) and dioleoyl-palmitoyl glycerol (OPO). Hence, the calculated LPO/OPO ratio for LS and LO are comparably similar to that of native lard.
    Matched MeSH terms: Swine
  18. Nanoparticle sensor for label free detection of swine DNA in mixed biological samples
    Ali ME, Hashim U, Mustafa S, Man YB, Yusop MH, Bari MF, et al.
    Nanotechnology, 2011 May 13;22(19):195503.
    PMID: 21430321 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/22/19/195503
    We used 40 ± 5 nm gold nanoparticles (GNPs) as colorimetric sensor to visually detect swine-specific conserved sequence and nucleotide mismatch in PCR-amplified and non-amplified mitochondrial DNA mixtures to authenticate species. Colloidal GNPs changed color from pinkish-red to gray-purple in 2 mM PBS. Visually observed results were clearly reflected by the dramatic reduction of surface plasmon resonance peak at 530 nm and the appearance of new features in the 620-800 nm regions in their absorption spectra. The particles were stabilized against salt-induced aggregation upon the adsorption of single-stranded DNA. The PCR products, without any additional processing, were hybridized with a 17-base probe prior to exposure to GNPs. At a critical annealing temperature (55 °C) that differentiated matched and mismatched base pairing, the probe was hybridized to pig PCR product and dehybridized from the deer product. The dehybridized probe stuck to GNPs to prevent them from salt-induced aggregation and retained their characteristic red color. Hybridization of a 27-nucleotide probe to swine mitochondrial DNA identified them in pork-venison, pork-shad and venison-shad binary admixtures, eliminating the need of PCR amplification. Thus the assay was applied to authenticate species both in PCR-amplified and non-amplified heterogeneous biological samples. The results were determined visually and validated by absorption spectroscopy. The entire assay (hybridization plus visual detection) was performed in less than 10 min. The LOD (for genomic DNA) of the assay was 6 µg ml(-1) swine DNA in mixed meat samples. We believe the assay can be applied for species assignment in food analysis, mismatch detection in genetic screening and homology studies between closely related species.
    Matched MeSH terms: Swine
  19. Display of the antigenic region of Nipah virus nucleocapsid protein on hepatitis B virus capsid
    Yap WB, Tey BT, Alitheen NB, Tan WS
    J Biosci Bioeng, 2012 Jan;113(1):26-9.
    PMID: 22024533 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2011.09.007
    The C-terminal domain of Nipah virus (NiV) nucleocapsid protein (NP₄₀₁₋₅₃₂) was inserted at the N-terminus and the immunodominant loop of hepatitis B core antigen (HBc). The stability of NP₄₀₁₋₅₃₂ increased tremendously when displayed on the HBc particles. These particles reacted specifically with the swine anti-NiV and the human anti-HBc antisera.
    Matched MeSH terms: Swine
  20. Curcumin-containing chitosan nanoparticles as a potential mucoadhesive delivery system to the colon
    Chuah LH, Billa N, Roberts CJ, Burley JC, Manickam S
    Pharm Dev Technol, 2013 May-Jun;18(3):591-9.
    PMID: 22149945 DOI: 10.3109/10837450.2011.640688
    In the present study, we investigate the mucoadhesive characteristics and release of the anticancer agent curcumin, contained in chitosan nanoparticles (CS-NPs). Such a system has potential therapeutic benefits in the treatment of colon cancer through prolonged retention and delivery. The CS-NPs were ionically gelled with tripolyphosphate (TPP) and registered an isoelectric pH of 6.2 (z-average diameter of 214 nm ± 1.0 nm). pH variations around the isoelectric point caused a reduction in CS-NPs electrical charge which correspondingly increased the z-average due to agglomeration. Curcumin release from CS-NPs was slowest at chitosan to TPP weight ratio of 3:1, with a significant retention (36%) at the end of 6 h. Adsorption isotherms of mucin on CS-NPs fitted both the Freundlich and Langmuir models, suggesting a monolayer-limited adsorption on heterogeneous sites with varied affinities. Encapsulated curcumin exerted an influence on the adsorption of mucin due to H-bonding as well as π-π interactions between the phenolic moieties of curcumin and mucin.
    Matched MeSH terms: Swine
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