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Fulltext Therapeutic potential of bixin on inflammation: a mini review

Shadisvaaran S, Chin KY, Mohd-Said S, Leong XF

Front Nutr, 2023;10:1209248.
PMID: 37781110 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1209248

Chronic inflammation is the underlying mechanism for many diseases. Thus, inflammatory signaling pathways are valuable targets for new treatment modalities. Natural products have gained interest as a potential source of bioactive compounds which provide health benefits in combating inflammatory-related diseases. Recent reports have linked the medicinal values of Bixa orellana L. with its anti-inflammatory activities. Therefore, this review aims to examine the therapeutic potential of bixin, a major bioactive constituent found in the seeds of B. orellana, on inflammatory-related diseases based on existing in vitro and in vivo evidence. Additionally, the anti-inflammatory mechanism of bixin via signaling pathways is explored and possible toxic effects are addressed. The findings suggest that bixin may ameliorate inflammation via inhibition of toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor-kappa B (TLR4/NF-κB), phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) and thioredoxin-interacting protein/NOD-like receptor protein 3 (TXNIP/NLRP3) inflammasome mechanisms. More well-planned clinical studies should be performed to verify its effectiveness and safety profile.
Fulltext Clinical benefits and adverse effects of siwak (S. persica) use on periodontal health: a scoping review of literature

Ramli H, Mohd-Dom TN, Mohd-Said S

BMC Oral Health, 2021 Dec 03;21(1):618.
PMID: 34861857 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01950-0

BACKGROUND: Siwak is a chewing stick used as an oral hygiene aid associated with Muslim communities across the globe since more than 1500 years ago. Used either exclusively or in conjunction with a regular toothbrush, there is evidence supporting its clinical effectiveness in plaque control, but adverse effects on periodontal health remains inconclusive.
OBJECTIVE: This study aims to systematically review the wide range of data and literatures related to siwak practice and its effect on periodontal health.
METHOD: The review was conducted based on scoping review techniques, searching literature in EBSCOHOST, PubMed, SCOPUS and Google scholar databases using the following search terms: "siwak' or 'miswak' or 'chewing stick" for intervention, and "periodontium or 'periodontal' or 'periodontal health' or 'periodontal disease" for outcome. Articles published between January 1990 to March 2021 and written in English language were included.
RESULTS: A total of 721 articles collected from the search and 21 of them were eligible for the final analysis. Results of this study was described based on clinical and antibacterial reporting of siwak, method of siwak practice and its adverse effect on oral health. Siwak was found effective at removing dental plaque and improving periodontal health over time although its effect on subgingival microbiota was inconclusive. Presence of gingival recession and clinical attachment loss were much more commonly reported in siwak users, attributable to variations in the methods employed for tooth cleaning using the siwak.
CONCLUSION: There is substantial evidence that the lack of standardised reporting for effective siwak use may have resulted in contradictory findings about its oral hygiene benefits and adverse effects. As such, future work on safe and effective siwak practice is to be advocated among its users.
Fulltext Authentication of Marantodes pumilum (Blume) Kuntze: A Systematic Review

Ibrahim IS, Mohd Said M, Mohammad Zainoor N, Jamal JA

Front Pharmacol, 2022;13:855384.
PMID: 35754509 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.855384

Botanical drug products consist of complex phytochemical constituents that vary based on various factors that substantially produce different pharmacological activities and possible side effects. Marantodes pumilum (Blume) Kuntze (Primulaceae) is one of the most popular Malay traditional botanical drugs and widely recognized for its medicinal use. Many studies have been conducted focusing on the identification of bioactive substances, pharmacological and toxicological activities in its specific varieties but less comprehensive study on M. pumilum authentication. Lack of quality control (QC) measurement assessment may cause different quality issues on M. pumilum containing products like adulteration by pharmaceutical substances, substitution, contamination, misidentification with toxic plant species, which may be detrimental to consumers' health and safety. This systematic literature review aims to provide an overview of the current scenario on the quality control of botanical drug products as determined by pharmacopoeia requirements specifically for M. pumilum authentication or identification. A systematic search for peer-reviewed publications to document literature search for M. pumilum authentication was performed using four electronic databases: Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus and ScienceDirect for related studies from January 2010 to December 2021. The research studies published in English and related articles for identification or authentication of M. pumilum were the main inclusion criteria in this review. A total 122 articles were identified, whereby 33 articles met the inclusion criteria. Macroscopy, microscopy, chemical fingerprinting techniques using chromatography, spectroscopy and hyphenated techniques, and genetic-based fingerprinting using DNA barcoding method have been used to identify M. pumilum and to distinguish between different varieties and plant parts. The study concluded that a combination of approaches is necessary for authenticating botanical drug substances and products containing M. pumilum to assure the quality, safety, and efficacy of marketed botanical drug products, particularly those with therapeutic claims.
Enhancement of thermoelectric properties of Yb0.25Co4Sb12 skutterudites through Ni substitution

Mohamed Bashir Ali Bashir, Suhana Mohd Said, Mohd Faizul Mohd Sabri, Dhafer Abdul Ameer Shnawah

Sains Malaysiana, 2018;47:181-187.

In this work, we investigate the effects of Ni doping on the thermoelectric (TE) properties of Yb0.25Co4Sb12 sample. Yb0.25Co4-xNixSb12 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5) samples were prepared by mechanical alloying and subsequently consolidated by spark plasma sintering. The morphology of consolidated samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). The thermoelectric properties of bulk samples were measured from room temperature to 800 K. The XRD analysis confirmed that, the successful formation of the Co4Sb12 skutterudite phase and Ni is substituted into Co site of the skutterudite crystal lattice. Moreover, the electrical resistivity decreased to 14.6 μΩm at 785 K for Yb0.25Co3.5Ni0.5Sb12 sample, due to increase of the electron concentration by Ni-addition. The absolute Seebeck coefficient reached the highest value of 223 μV/K at 592 K for Yb0.25Co3.7Ni0.3Sb12 sample, thus yielding a maximum value of power factor of 2.41 × 10-3 W/mK2 at 592 K. The highest dimensionless thermoelectric figure of merit value ZT of 0.49 at 692 K has been achieved for the Yb0.25Co3.7Ni0.3Sb12 sample, compared to ZT=0.06 for the Yb0.25Co4Sb12 sample at same temperature. This work indicates a strategy to improve the thermoelectric performance by Ni substitution of Co sites in the Yb0.25Co4Sb12 skutterudite through simultaneous improvement of its electrical conductivity, Seebeck coefficient and reduction of its thermal conductivity.
Fulltext Validation of inventory responses-oMR (IR-oMR) towards the self-assesment instrument of outdoor competency (OCL-oMR) among the co-curriculum center coaches in Malaysia

Omar Firdaus Mohd Said, Md Amin Md Taff, Ahmad Hashim, Jaffry Zakaria

Jurnal Sains Sukan & Pendidikan Jasmani, 2020;9(2):47-55.
MyJurnal

This study is fundamental in looking to validate the agreement of Self-Assesment Instrument of Outdoor Competency (OCL-oMR) among the Co-curriculum Center Coaches in Malaysia. The instrument are newly developed by the researcher . The Inventory Responses –oMR (IR-oMR) are purposely to evaluate and determine the goodness of self-assesement instrument of outdoor competency (OCL-oMR) among co-curriculum center coaches in Malaysia. By using the correlation & percentage, the analysis were used. N=10 of head coaches of co-curriculum Center were selected to be a sampels. These data is a secondary data that researcher used in the main research. But as a secondary data, its really important to researcher to identify and justify the newly instrument of self assesment of outdoor competency (OCL-oMR). Findings shown contents validity r=.82 were recorded and the language validity were shown r=.83. Meanwhile, anothers supporting data were used percentage of agreement of Inventory Responses –Omr (IR-oMR) toward the Self-Assesment Instrument of Outdoor Competency (OCL-oMR) among the Co-curriculum Center Coaches in Malaysia. Overall, from these findings, researcher found that’s the Inventory Responses – oMR (IR-oMR) shown that the Self-Assesment Instrument of Outdoor Competency (OCL-oMR) among the Co-curriculum Center Coaches in Malaysia are valid instrument to measure the competency level of outdoor education coaches in co-curriculum center in Malaysia and the Inventory Responses – oMR (IR-oMR) are significantly toward the outdoor competency (OCL-oMR).
Fulltext The use of simulation technique among undergraduate nursing student

Mohd Said Nurumal, Mohammad Syafiq Mohamad Azizi, Muhammad Kamil Che Hasan

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2020;16(105):10-0.
MyJurnal

Introduction: Simulation is widely practiced as learning strategies in many disciplines including nursing. It is con- sidered an updated technological approach towards providing safe and sound patients care. Thus, this study was conducted to assess the level of knowledge among nursing students using a simulated mannequin for cardiovascular assessment. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study design focusing Year 4 nursing students at Kulliyyah of Nurs- ing, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM). A simulation mannequin was used for students performing a cardiovascular assessment. Level of knowledge was tested using an adapted questionnaire. The study was approved by the Kulliyyah of Nursing Postgraduate Research Committee (Ref: IIUM/313/DDAA/20/4/10) and IIUM Research Ethics Committee (Ref: IREC 2018-024). Results: A total of 57 nursing students involved in this study revealing good cardiovascular assessment knowledge. Majority of them reported that simulation exercise is one of the good learning strategies to enhance their capabilities and increase their confidence level. Conclusions: The results from this study could indicate that using technological simulation approach could provide a similar effect in performing cardiovas- cular assessment among nursing student IIUM. Future larger scale is needed including for any other disciplines in nursing to facilitate students’ preparation towards the real clinical setting.
Fulltext A Study of Postural Safety and Low-Cost Electromyography (EMG) Device Towards Grocery Workers in Kota Samarahan, Sarawak

Mohd Azrin Mohd Said, Brian Egan Jackson Tubam, Nor Kamaliana Khamis, Aishah Arsad

Journal of Engineering and Science Research, 2020;4(4):1-5.
MyJurnal

Body posture is one of the most important parts when lifting an object as it can causes injury if the wrong technique and body posture were used. A worker will injure their low back if a bad posture is not in consideration. A good body posture is recommended among workers to reduce the chance of injury while lifting and improve their postural safety. The main objectives of this study are to observe the body posture of the worker during lifting and study the comparison of using lower back support when lifting. It also investigates the muscle activity of the worker during heavy lifting using EMG and simulates the worker's movement using CATIA Software for Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) results. The selected grocery was chosen in Kota Samarahan, Sarawak with 7 male respondents are identified to undergo this study. The results show that the worker with lower back support tends to show raw EMG signal with lower muscle activity compared to without using lower back support. Thus, using belt support can reduce muscle activity by up to 67.4% compare to not wearing back support. Raw EMG signals also show 3010 amplitude (mV) muscle activity if postural safety of the workers improved by following the NIOSH lifting Recommendations.
Fulltext Decision making of patients with end-stage chronic kidney disease for hemodialysis

Wa Ode Rahmadania, Dwi Wulandar, Asbath, Ruma Poddar, Faridah Mohd Said

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2020;16(110):30-33.
MyJurnal

Introduction: Chronic kidney disease is a public health problem in the world which is increasing every year. Hemo- dialysis is one of the methods commonly used for patients with end-stage chronic kidney disease. However, hemo- dialysis does not cure the disease and requires long term therapy. So, the patient's decision whether to undergo he- modialysis, is crucial. Methods: This study is aimed to identify the factors associated with decision making in patients with end-stage chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis in the Bahteramas General Hospital of Southeast Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. This study is a descriptive-analytic study using a cross-sectional design to observe the relationship between patients' decision making for hemodialysis. Results: A total of 34 patients with end-stage chron- ic kidney disease were chosen by accidental sampling technique. Analysis of the data was done by the Chi-Square test. The results of this study showed that age, level of knowledge, and family support have a significant relationship with the patient's decision for hemodialysis. The distance of home and economic status showed no relationship with the patient's decision to undergo hemodialysis. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study it can be concluded that age, level of knowledge and family support is related to the patient's decision to hemodialysis in the Bahteramas General Hospital of Southeast Sulawesi Province.
Fulltext Health education on the knowledge of first aid in traffic accidents in students at Tunas Husada High School Kendari, Indonesia

Islaeli Islaeli, Anisa Purnamasari, Ari Nofitasari, Faridah Mohd Said, Hafizah Che Hassan

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2020;16(110):38-42.
MyJurnal

Introduction: Accidents including traffic accidents can occur anywhere, anytime. Around the world, 1.2 million die each year from accidents, and 50 million are injured. Indonesia has the fifth highest rate of accidents. The conse- quences of unexpected accidents can be life threatening, on an average one traffic accident occurs every 0.5 minutes. Cardiac Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) is an individual's skill to save a person's life. This is very important in the first five minutes in a victim's life in many emergency situations. In an emergency, bystander including children in the high school is expected to perform a core role in carrying out CPR. The aim of this study is to determine CPR knowl- edge in High School. Methods: The type of research is a pre-experimental research by approaching the One Group Pre and Post Test Design. Intervention study using pre and post-test validated questionnaire was conducted among 40 students of Tunas Husada high school that were randomly selected. Data analysis was performed with the Macnemar test. Results: The results of the study obtained p= 0.000 which is less than 0.05, so result of the study reveal significant difference in knowledge before and after health education. Thus, there is an effect of health education in increasing knowledge of first aid in traffic accidents among students at Tunas Husada high school, Kendari. Conclusion: This study identify that majority students has poor knowledge on CPR. Therefore, implementation of basic life-support training for all school children is recommenced.
Fulltext Oral health awareness and status among Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia first year dental students

Zamirah Zainal Abidin, Shahida Mohd Said, Irma Shida Abu Samah, Mohd Yufi Ariandi Mohd Yusoff

Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia, 2005;3(1):1-16.
MyJurnal

The oral health awareness and status among the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia first year dental students were studied. Seventy-three subjects underwent two components of assessment: questionnaire assessing oral health awareness and behaviour, and clinical examination of oral health status. Indices used including Plaque, Calculus, Community Periodontal Index for Treatment Needs (CPITN) and total score of Decayed, Missing, Filled and teeth indicated for Extraction (DMFX[T]). More than 90% of the subjects were reported to brush their teeth twice or more daily and used supplemental cleaning tools. They also knew the importance of healthy oral condition, the various causes and prevention of tooth decay and gum diseases. Although 70.3% felt they need dental treatment, the majority (81.9%) visited the dentist only when they feel it is necessary to do so. Clinical examination showed low scores of 0.99 and 0.40 for mean plaque and calculus indices, respectively, while 80.8% of the subjects have mild calculus accumulation. Code 2 of the CPITN Index was the highest (70.3%) among the subjects. The total DMFX was 291, with mean score of 0.14 per subject and the decayed component was the highest (D=186 teeth). These findings suggest that the subjects have acceptable oral health awareness, and also good existing oral health status.
Fulltext Knowledge, attitude and practice of Breast Self- Examination among nurses in tertiary hospitals in Malaysia

Raja Lexshimi, R. G., Zaleha, M.I., Wahida Daud, Mohd Said Nurumal, Syed Zulkifli, S.Z.

Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 2014;14(3):0-0.
MyJurnal

Breast self-examination (BSE) is recommended globally as one of the methods in early detection of breast cancer. Little is known about nurses screening behavior related to BSE. A cross-sectional study was conducted to examine the knowledge, attitude and practice of Breast Self Examination (BSE) among nurses. A self-administered questionnaire was sent to a total of 114 nurses working in Obstetrics & Gynaecology wards and clinics of two tertiary hospitals. Among the 114 participants, 111(97.4%) practiced BSE. The mean age of the participants was 34.97(±9.104) years. The mean score of knowledge was 11.07(±1.020) and 81.1% had high knowledge of BSE. Majority (98.2%) of respondents showed good attitude towards BSE. Barriers was found to be a significant predictor and self confidence proved to be an influencing factor on BSE performance. Despite practicing BSE, the number of nurses that examined their breast monthly was only 35.1%. Age, working experience and marital status showed no significant relationship with knowledge and practice of BSE. However, BSE taught during their undergraduate programme was found to have a significant relationship with practice of BSE. Majority of nurses in this study were not complying with MOH recommendation for BSE in terms of frequency. Thus, intervention strategies should focus on educating nurses on performing BSE monthly, in accordance with the Ministry of Health guidelines. This is important as nurses play a primary role in promoting health behaviors in BSE practice and breast cancer awareness among women in this country.
Fulltext Clinical audit: the quality of intraoral periapical radiographic films

Yap, Yee Wooi, Azillah Mohd Al, Nur’Adilah Ahmad Othman, Siti Norhazlin Mohd Said

International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2017;16(21):1-1.
MyJurnal

Intraoral periapical radiographic film is essential and aids in diagnosis, treatment
planning, monitoring treatment and monitoring lesion development. A poor image quality of
radiographic film and poor record keeping of these radiographs can affect the clinician's decision
making. This first audit was to evaluate the quality of radiographic images and the compliance in
following the standard of recording and labeling of radiographic films. The objectives of this audit
were; firstly to highlight any potential problems involving quality of radiographic films within the
department. Second, to assess the compliance of record keeping and labeling of intraoral
radiographs. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in a retrospective manner in the
year 2017 with a sample of 100 intraoral periapical radiographic films from the year 2015 to 2016 in
Hospital Sultanah Bahiyah. Results: This first audit cycle demonstrated: Good quality of
radiographic films: 13% (n= 13/100), Good compliance of record keeping and labeling of radiograph: 32% (n= 32/100).
Fulltext Analysis of the anticancer phytochemicals in Andrographis paniculata Nees. under salinity stress

Talei D, Valdiani A, Maziah M, Sagineedu SR, Saad MS

Biomed Res Int, 2013;2013:319047.
PMID: 24371819 DOI: 10.1155/2013/319047

Salinity causes the adverse effects in all physiological processes of plants. The present study aimed to investigate the potential of salt stress to enhance the accumulation of the anticancer phytochemicals in Andrographis paniculata accessions. For this purpose, 70-day-old plants were grown in different salinity levels (0.18, 4, 8, 12, and 16 dSm(-1)) on sand medium. After inducing a period of 30-day salinity stress and before flowering, all plants were harvested and the data on morphological traits, proline content and the three anticancer phytochemicals, including andrographolide (AG), neoandrographolide (NAG), and 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide (DDAG), were measured. The results indicated that salinity had a significant effect on the aforementioned three anticancer phytochemicals. In addition, the salt tolerance index (STI) was significantly decreased, while, except for DDAG, the content of proline, the AG, and NAG was significantly increased (P ≤ 0.01). Furthermore, it was revealed that significant differences among accessions could happen based on the total dry weight, STI, AG, and NAG. Finally, we noticed that the salinity at 12 dSm(-1) led to the maximum increase in the quantities of AG, NAG, and DDAG. In other words, under salinity stress, the tolerant accessions were capable of accumulating the higher amounts of proline, AG, and NAG than the sensitive accessions.
Knowledge and practice on medication adherence among Type II diabetes mellitus patients

Jamaludin TSS, Mohammad NM, Hassan M, Nurumal MS

Enferm Clin, 2021 04;31 Suppl 2:S372-S376.
PMID: 33849203 DOI: 10.1016/j.enfcli.2020.09.028

This study aimed to survey the level of knowledge and practice on medication adherence among Type II diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. A cross-sectional study was conducted with a total of 220 DM patients by using a convenience sampling method. It was found that 64.5% of studied participants have a high level of knowledge with good practice toward medication adherence. There was a significant association between sociodemographic characteristics with the level of knowledge and practice toward medication adherence. This study finding provides information to health care providers to improve their patient's care by playing their important role in promoting the importance of knowledge on medication adherence for a better quality of life to the DM patients. Not only a physician but also the nurse could enhance health education for their patient on medication adherence during the follow-up appointment.
Fulltext A Snapshot of Pre- and Post-intervention Changes Among Cardiovascular Disease Patients Participating in the New Smoking Cessation Program

Azmi J, Nurumal MS, Mohamed MHN, Rahman NSA

Int J Prev Med, 2020;11:6.
PMID: 32089806 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.IJPVM_83_19

Background: The study evaluates the changes of pre and post stages of behavioral change, motivation level, and smoking status among cardiovascular disease patients, participating in the new smoking cessation program in Hospital Tengku Ampuan Afzan, Kuantan.
Methods: A total of 65 adult cardiac patients were randomly distributed into two groups, i.e., intervention and control group, who were baseline smokers and assessed in three phases. Initially, the first, second, and third phase collected the information about their demographic details, their smoking status, and smoking status using cotinine amylase strip, respectively.
Results: It showed that behavioral change was significant for the control group (P value = 0.031), while motivation level improved for both groups (i.e., control, P value = 0.000 and intervention group, P value = 0.001). The smoke quitting status percentage was higher for intervention group 41.9% and lower for control group 20.6%; however, the P value was insignificant for both control group (1.000) and intervention group (0.250).
Conclusions: This study suggests a need for more personal testimonial videos to focus on other smoking-related diseases.
Effectiveness of School-Based Smoking Prevention Education Program (SPEP) Among Nonsmoking Adolescents: A Quasi-Experimental Study

Nurumal MS, Zain SHM, Mohamed MHN, Shorey S

J Sch Nurs, 2021 Oct;37(5):333-342.
PMID: 31455149 DOI: 10.1177/1059840519871641

Preventing smoking among adolescents is critical. This study evaluated the effectiveness of the Smoking Prevention Education Program among nonsmoking adolescents. A quasi-experimental study design was used. Data were collected from Year 5 students (n = 140) from four government primary schools in the Kuantan and Pahang districts of Malaysia. The participating schools were randomly assigned into the intervention and control groups. Questionnaires and exhaled carbon monoxide (CO) levels were used to collect data at the baseline and at 3 months postintervention. At 3 months postintervention, the percentage of nonsmokers remained 100% in the intervention group, while 2.9% of the participants in the control group reported to have smoked in past 7 days. Comparatively, the mean scores of attitudes, subjective norms, and nonsmoking intentions of the intervention group improved significantly. The intervention was effective in preventing smoking initiations among Malaysian adolescents; however, further evaluation of this intervention is needed among varied populations.
The role of electrolyte fluidity on the power generation characteristics of thermally driven electrochemical cells

Ahmad Shuhaimi Abu Bakar, Hasan Abbas Jaffery, Mohd. Faizul Mohd. Sabri, Syed Waqar Hasan, Suhana Mohd Said

Sains Malaysiana, 2018;47:403-408.

Thermally driven electrochemical cells (thermocells) are able to convert thermal gradient applied across redox electrolyte
into electricity. The performance of the thermocells heavily depends on the magnitude and integrity of the applied thermal
gradient. Herein, we study the iodide/triiodide (I–/I3
–) based 1-Ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium Ethylsulfate ([EMIM][EtSO4])
solutions in a thermocell. In order to comprehend the role of fluidity of the electrolyte, we prepared set of solutions by
diluting [EMIM][EtSO4] with 0.002, 0.004, and 0.010 mol of Acetonitrile (ACN). We realized a significant improvement
in ionic conductivity (σ) and electrochemical Seebeck (Se) of diluted electrolytes as compared to base [EMIM][EtSO4]
owing to the solvent organization. However, the infra-red thermography indicated faster heat flow in ACN-diluted-[EMIM]
[EtSO4] as compared to the base [EMIM][EtSO4]. Therefore, the maximum power density of base [EMIM][EtSO4] (i.e.
118.5 µW.m-2) is 3 times higher than the ACN-diluted-[EMIM][EtSO4] (i.e. 36.1 µW.m-2) because of the lower thermal
conductivity. Hence this paper illustrates the compromise between the fast mass/flow transfer due to fluidity (of diluted
samples) and the low thermal conductivity (of the pure [EMIM][EtSO4]).
Fulltext Islamic moral judgement on resuscitation issue: nursing perspective.

Mohamad Firdaus bin M. Ismail, Mohd Said bin Nurumal,, Muhammad Lokman bin Md Isa, Abdurezak A. Hashi

IIUM Medical Journal Malaysia, 2018;17(102):81-90.
MyJurnal

The primary goals of resuscitation are to preserve life, restore health, relieve suffering and limit disability. As nurses, executing the cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) to a patient experiencing cardio-pulmonary arrest is essential in preserving life. However nurses face a dilemma in the decision making to either preserve the patient’s life or let the patient die naturally, if the patient’s autonomy as well as his family’s wish for a “do not resuscitate (DNR)” order. In this dilemma, the sanctity of life and the right to die is the main concern of this discussion. Islamic moral judgment, as the major concern here, should be studied as an alternative to analyse and provide a guideline that is in accordance with the Islamic teaching. Thus, this research is to provide the Islamic moral judgment on the resuscitation issue and its implication in nursing practices. The western ethics that represent the current practices on resuscitation is not included. The comparison was then made with the ultimate origin of Islamic teaching iethe Qur’an and Sunnah, as well as the notions of Muslim scholars on the subject. As the physician opines that CPR is to be beneficial to rescue a life, therefore refusing it may be considered as immoral. However, the DNR order is entirely acceptable if the doctor believes that CPR is futile and gives no benefit to the patient. The doctor has the authority to issue a DNR order if he is certain that the patient would not benefit from CPR without getting consent from the patient or his relative. Nursing implications: As nurses facilitate patients and family members in forming a decision about end of life hence engaging a comprehensive view of DNR based on Islamic teaching would provide an informed choice when advising a Muslim patient and family. The area to investigate would be on the degree of knowledge among nurses regarding the Islamic moral judgement on this matter is highly recommended for future management.
Persistent hypertension in lupus nephritis and the associated risk factors

Shaharir SS, Mustafar R, Mohd R, Mohd Said MS, Gafor HA

Clin Rheumatol, 2015 Jan;34(1):93-7.
PMID: 25373448 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-014-2802-0

Arterial hypertension (HPT) burden up to two third of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients and contributes to accelerated atherosclerosis and cardiovascular (CV) risk. We aim to determine the prevalence of HPT among lupus nephritis (LN) patients who were in complete remission (CR) for a minimum of 6 months, with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of >60 mL/min/1.73 m(2). This is a cross-sectional study of 64 LN patients who attended Nephrology/SLE Clinic at The National University of Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC). Persistent hypertension (blood pressure (BP) ≥140/90 mmHg for at least two occasions), CR for a minimum of 6 months and eGFR of >60 mL/min/1.73 m(2) were identified. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine the demographic and disease characteristics associated with HPT. Thirty-four of them (53.1 %) were hypertensive. Persistent HPT was associated with disease duration, acute kidney injury and high BP at the onset of LN, longer duration interval to achieve CR, number of relapses and cyclosporine A (CyA) use. There were no associations between histological classes, nephrotic range proteinuria, body mass index and waist circumference with HPT. Factors independently associated with HPT were disease duration OR 1.06 [95 %CI (0.91-1.24)], longer duration interval to achieve CR OR 1.104 [95 %CI (1.02-1.19)], number of relapses OR 2.53 [95 % CI (1.01-6.3)] and CyA use OR 5.3 [95 % CI (1.14-23.9)]. The prevalence of HPT among LN is high despite in remission. Aggressive treatment is important to achieve early CR and to prevent relapses.
Study site: Nephrology/SLE clinics, Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (PPUKM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Fulltext Modeling of a high force density fishbone shaped electrostatic comb drive microactuator

Megat Hasnan MM, Mohd Sabri MF, Mohd Said S, Nik Ghazali NN

ScientificWorldJournal, 2014;2014:912683.
PMID: 25165751 DOI: 10.1155/2014/912683

This paper presents the design and evaluation of a high force density fishbone shaped electrostatic comb drive actuator. This comb drive actuator has a branched structure similar to a fishbone, which is intended to increase the capacitance of the electrodes and hence increase the electrostatic actuation force. Two-dimensional finite element analysis was used to simulate the motion of the fishbone shaped electrostatic comb drive actuator and compared against the performance of a straight sided electrostatic comb drive actuator. Performances of both designs are evaluated by comparison of displacement and electrostatic force. For both cases, the active area and the minimum gap distance between the two electrodes were constant. An active area of 800 × 300 μm, which contained 16 fingers of fishbone shaped actuators and 40 fingers of straight sided actuators, respectively, was used. Through simulation, improvement of drive force of the fishbone shaped electrostatic comb driver is approximately 485% higher than conventional electrostatic comb driver. These results indicate that the fishbone actuator design provides good potential for applications as high force density electrostatic microactuator in MEMS systems.

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