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Fulltext Cavernous hemangioma mimicking anterior jugular vein phlebectesia

Irfan M, Idayu MY, Venkatesh RN

Med J Malaysia, 2010 Mar;65(1):68-9.
PMID: 21265254 MyJurnal

Cavernous hemangioma is a vascular tumor composed of large dilated blood vessels and containing large blood-filled spaces. The formation is due to dilation and thickening of the walls of the capillary loops. Most cavernous hemangiomas present at birth or soon after. On the other hand, jugular phlebectasia is an abnormal benign sacculofusiform dilatation of jugular veins. It should be considered as one of the differential diagnosis of neck swelling. Majority of the reported cases occurred in a young child. We reported a case of an elderly woman who was diagnosed clinically as anterior jugular vein phlebectesia. Histologically the mass turned out to be a cavernous hemangioma.
Fulltext The dilemma of a lateral pharyngeal mass causing stridor in a neonate

Dipak RN, Kailesh P, Sherry MJ, Anindya C

Med J Malaysia, 2005 Oct;60(4):520-2.
PMID: 16570723

Neonatal stridor resulting from intrinsic or extrinsic aberration in the upper respiratory tract often poses not only a diagnostic problem, but also a difficult airway and a dilemma as to the necessity / timing of surgical intervention. A 45 day old female child with increasing stridor since birth was managed by emergency intubation and CT scan followed by excision biopsy of the cystic left sided parapharyngeal mass via a transcervical approach. On histopathology, the excised specimen was reported as cystic salivary choristoma.
Some of the properties of flame retardant medium density fiberboard made from rubberwood and recycled containers containing aluminum trihydroxide

Hashim R, How LS, Kumar RN, Sulaiman O

Bioresour Technol, 2005 Nov;96(16):1826-31.
PMID: 16051090

The flame retardancy of medium density fiberboard (MDF) made from mixture of rubberwood fibers and recycled old corrugated containers was studied. Aluminum trihydroxide (ATH) was used as a fire retardant additive and mixed with the fibers to manufacture experimental MDF panels using wet process. Phenol formaldehyde (PF) resin in liquid, 2% based on oven dry weight of fibers, was used along with 0%, 10%, 15% and 20% of ATH. The flame retardant test was done using the limiting oxygen index (LOI) test. The other properties investigated include internal bond strength, thickness swelling and water absorption. The results showed that ATH loading increased as the LOI of MDF increased. This demonstrated that ATH could improved the fire retardant property of MDF at sufficient loading. An increase in concentration of ATH showed an increase in the IB values of MDF made without resin. MDF panels made without resin showed a progressive increase in internal bond as the composition of recycled old corrugated containers fiber increased. Addition of resin improved internal bond strength and reduced thickness swelling, and water absorption. Thickness swelling of panel increased as the composition of recycled old corrugated containers fiber increased. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX) showed that there is indication of ATH and resin filling the void space in between fibers.
In vitro evaluation of cefepime and other broad-spectrum beta-lactams for isolates in Malaysia and Singapore medical centers. The Malaysia/Singapore Antimicrobial Resistance Study Group

Biedenbach DJ, Lewis MT, Jones RN

Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis, 1999 Dec;35(4):277-83.
PMID: 10668586

The degree of activity of several beta-lactam antimicrobial agents was assessed in Malaysia (four medical centers) and Singapore (two medical centers) tested against 570 clinical isolates. The organisms were tested locally by the Etest (AB BIODISK, Solna, Sweden) method, validated by concurrent use of quality assurance strains (94.1% accurate performance overall). Ten groups of bacteria were tested against cefepime, cefpirome, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, piperacillin/tazobactam, oxacillin, and imipenem. Among the tested Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp., the occurrence of extended spectrum beta-lactamase-producing phenotypes was 5.6-7.0% and 36.7-38.0%, respectively. These strains remained most susceptible (97.5-100.0%) to cefepime and imipenem. Ceftazidime-resistant Enterobacter spp. (21.4% resistant), Citrobacter spp. (15.0%), indole-positive Proteus spp. (6.0%), and Serratia spp. (9.7%) were not resistant to cefepime, and only one strain was resistant to imipenem. Imipenem was generally most potent against non-fermentative Gram-negative bacilli such as Acinetobacter spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. All tested beta-lactams were active against the oxacillin-susceptible staphylococci, except ceftazidime (MIC90, 12 micrograms/mL; 63.2-84.8% susceptibility rates). Overall spectrums of activity (rank by % resistance) favored imipenem (3.5%) > cefepime (7.7%) > cefpirome (8.9%) > piperacillin/tazobactam (13.2%) > ceftriaxone (14.7%) > ceftazidime (16.9%). No significant differences in resistance patterns were noted between monitored nations, and these results indicate emerging, elevated rates of resistance versus the studied broad-spectrum beta-lactams in Malaysia and Singapore. Results provide benchmark data for future studies using quantitative methods to determine antimicrobial resistance in these geographic areas.
Differences in the virulence of Plasmodium knowlesi for Macaca irus (fascicularis) of Philippine and Malayan origins

Schmidt LH, Fradkin R, Harrison J, Rossan RN

Am J Trop Med Hyg, 1977 Jul;26(4):612-22.
PMID: 407808

This report summarizes the results of a comparative study of the virulence of the "S-M," H, and C strains of P. knowlesi for Indian rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) and cynomolgus monkeys [M. irus (fascicularis)] of Malayan (West Malaysia) and Philippine origins. Each of the above strains produced fulminating, uniformly fatal infections in the rhesus monkey and mild, chronic infections, characterized by relatively low level parasitemias in cynomolgus monkeys of Philippine origin. In striking contrast, the H and C strains produced infections in cynomolgus monkeys of Malayan origin which were indistinguishable in severity from infections produced in M. mulatta. The circumstances of the study precluded evaluation of the virulence of the "S-M" strain for M. irus of Malayan origin. Even so, the available data make it necessary to qualify the long-held belief that infections with P. knowlesi in M. irus invariably follow a benign course.
Central nervous system prophylaxis in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: CT brain appearance after 3 years continuous complete remission in 36 Malaysian children

Nuruddin RN, Daud AB, Lin HP

Australas Radiol, 1988 Feb;32(1):44-9.
PMID: 3165633
Antidiuretic and antinatriuretic response to high salt load in normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats: Role of alpha-1A-adrenoreceptors

Kazi RN, Sattar MA, Johns EJ

Auton Autacoid Pharmacol, 2017 Jan;37(1):13-18.
PMID: 28332265 DOI: 10.1111/aap.12053

Altered renal adrenergic responses have been recognized as pathophysiological responses to high salt intake. This study aims to investigate the influence of 6 weeks of high salt diet on α1A -adrenoceptor regulation of renal tubular antinatriuretic and antidiuretic response in normal Wistar Kyoto rats. To achieve the above objective, antinatriuretic and antidiuretic response to phenylephrine was measured in the absence and presence of 5-methylurapidil (5-MeU) using the inulin clearance method. Systemic mean arterial blood pressure and renal haemodynamics were also measured simultaneously. Six weeks of high salt intake in Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats did not bring any significant increase in mean arterial blood pressure. WKY rat on high salt diet (WKYHNa) showed an exaggerated increase in absolute and fractional sodium excretion. There was a significant involvement of α1A -adrenoceptor in carrying out renal tubular antinatriuretic and antidiuretic response in Wistar Kyoto rats on normal sodium diet (WKYNNa). However, α1A -adrenoceptor played a minimal role in handling the tubular reabsorptive response in WKY rats on high salt diet.
Fulltext Predictors for caesarean delivery and neonatal admission after trial of labour in women with one previous lower segment caesarean scar

Tan PC, Subramaniam RN, Omar SZ

Singapore Med J, 2008 Mar;49(3):188-92.
PMID: 18362998

Caesarean delivery rates are still increasing, and reliable predictors of adverse outcomes at a subsequent trial of scar are important as they guide decision-making on the best mode of delivery. We aimed to evaluate whether there are any predictors for caesarean delivery and neonatal admission, following trial of labour after one lower transverse caesarean section.
Fulltext Impact of a Supplementation Policy (STOP) on Prescribing Pattern and Cost in a Rural Referral Hospitals of Sabah

S. Raman, Rohani R. N., Shamsuddin A. L., Saharun M. R.

Borneo Journal of Medical Sciences, 2019;2(101):21-22.
MyJurnal

In Malaysia, there is an increase in both demand and prescribing of supplements. Such trend raises the likelihood of adverse events and treatment costs. Numerous prescribing policies have been suggested for better utilization of resources. However, the adherence and improvement from such policies are yet to be fully characterized.
The antifungal properties of chlorhexidine digluconate and cetylpyrinidinium chloride on oral Candida

Fathilah AR, Himratul-Aznita WH, Fatheen AR, Suriani KR

J Dent, 2012 Jul;40(7):609-15.
PMID: 22521700 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2012.04.003

C. tropicalis and C. krusei have emerged as virulent species causing oral infections. Both have developed resistance to commonly prescribed azole antifungal agents.
Microsatellite instability and loss of heterozygosity in oral squamous cell carcinoma in Malaysian population

Ashazila MJ, Kannan TP, Venkatesh RN, Hoh BP

Oral Oncol, 2011 May;47(5):358-64.
PMID: 21450513 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2011.03.005

Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and microsatellite instability (MSI) have been documented as important events in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Five microsatellite markers D3S192, D3S966, D3S647, D3S1228 and D3S659 were selected on chromosome 3p because of high frequency of alterations reported in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and the involvement of von Hippel Lindau (VHL) at 3p25-26 and the fragile histidine triad (FHIT) at 3p14.2 genes proven in many tumour types. A total of 50 archival tissue samples of OSCC and corresponding normal samples were analyzed for LOH and MSI status. The overall LOH for the markers selected on 3p was 56 out of 189 informative cases (29.6%). The most frequent LOH was identified for the marker D3S966 which was 18/42 (42.8%) of informative cases suggesting the presence of putative tumour suppressor genes (TSGs) in this loci. In this study, high frequency of microsatellite instability was found in D3S966 which was 28.6% of informative cases; this reveals the possibility of mutations of MMR genes in this region. Frequent microsatellite alterations (MA) were observed in 3 markers D3S966 (71.4%), D3S1228 (56.7%) and D3S192 (41.0%). There was no significant association between LOH with gender, tumour stages and differentiation grades. However, there was a significant association between tumour stage and differentiation grades with MSI status in OSCC in Malaysian population with p values of 0.002 and 0.035, respectively. There was also a significant association between MA and differentiation grades (p=0.041).
Fulltext Trichomoniasis in cosmopolitan Malaysia: is it under control or is it under diagnosed?

Amal RN, Aisah MY, Fatmah MS, Hayati MI

Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 2010 Nov;41(6):1312-5.
PMID: 21329303

In a prospective, observational study, 380 women attending a family planning (LPPKN) clinic and Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD) clinic in Kuala Lumpur between January 2008 and November 2008 were enrolled. Patient information was obtained from the medical records and patients voluntarily completed questionnaires. Three vaginal swabs from the posterior fornix were taken from each patient examined. Different staining methods and cultivation in Diamonds medium were performed on the collected samples. Study subjects recruited in this survey were mostly young, with a geometric mean ages of 37.31 years (LPPKN clinic) and 32.06 years (STD clinic). Malay, Chinese, Indians and others ethnic groups accounted for 91, 4, 2 and 3%, respectively, at the LPPKN clinic. At the STD clinic, almost all subjects were Chinese. The prevalence rate of trichomoniasis was 0.36% at the LPPKN clinic and 0.0% at the STD clinic. Our findings suggested no association between contraceptive methods used and trichomoniasis infection at the LPPKN clinic. At the STD clinic, it was found a high risk for STD acquisition was not associated with trichomoniasis positivity. The data demonstrated the prevalence of trichomoniasis was very low at LPPKN clinic and absent at STD clinic. The high prevalence rates of other STD among sex workers found in this survey suggest the need for more active interventions focused on this group.
Potential of patulin production by Penicillium expansum strains on various fruits

Reddy KR, Spadaro D, Lore A, Gullino ML, Garibaldi A

Mycotoxin Res, 2010 Nov;26(4):257-65.
PMID: 23605488 DOI: 10.1007/s12550-010-0064-5

In this study, we investigated the pathogenicity and patulin production by ten strains of Penicillium expansum on various fruits (apples, apricots, kiwis, plums and peaches) at two (4°C and 25°C) different temperature regimes. All strains caused the infectious rots on all fruits at 4 and 25°C except one strain (PEX 09) at 4°C. Two strains (PEX 20 and PEX 12) out of ten produced the highest amounts of patulin on all fruits tested. The patulin production by P. expansum is high at 25°C compared to 4°C. All strains of P. expansum accumulated patulin ranging from 100-13,200 μg/kg and nine strains ranging from 100-12,100 μg/kg in all fruits at 25°C and 4°C, respectively. Among ten strains of P. expansum, strain PEX 20 produced the greatest amount of patulin on apricots (13,200 μg/kg of rotten fruit) and on apples (12,500 μg/kg) at 25°C after 9 days of incubation. At 4°C, this strain produced 12,100, 12,000, 2,100 and 1,200 μg/kg of patulin on apricots, apples, plums and peaches, respectively, after 45 days of incubation. Strain PEX 12 produced the highest amount of patulin on kiwis (10,700 μg/kg) at 25°C and 10,300 μg/kg at 4°C. Patulin production by P. expansum on peaches and plums at both temperatures were lower than other fruits. The results of this study showed that careful removal of rotten fruits is essential to produce patulin-free fruit juice, since high patulin levels in apricots, apples and kiwis could result in a level greater than 50 μg/kg of this mycotoxin in finished fruit juices, when one contaminated fruit occurs in 264, 250 and 214 fruits, respectively. So, the fruit processors should take care in not using rotten fruits for juice production to avoid the patulin problem worldwide, since this study proved that most important fruits being used for juice production and direct human consumption are susceptible to P. expansum and subsequent patulin production even at low temperatures. This is the first comprehensive report regarding patulin production by different strains of P. expansum on various fruits from Italy at different temperature regimes.
Cloning and expression of a novel lipase gene from Bacillus sphaericus 205y

Rahman RN, Chin JH, Salleh AB, Basri M

Mol Genet Genomics, 2003 May;269(2):252-60.
PMID: 12756537

A Bacillus sphaericus strain (205y) that produces an organic solvent-tolerant lipase was isolated in Port Dickson, Malaysia. The gene for the lipase was recovered from a genomic library and sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis was performed based on an alignment of thirteen microbial lipase sequences obtained from the NCBI database. The analysis suggested that the B. sphaericus lipase gene is a novel gene, as it is distinct from other lipase genes in Families I.4 and I.5 reported so far. Expression in Escherichia coli under the control of the lacZ promoter resulted in an eight-fold increase in enzyme activity after a 3-h induction with 1 mM IPTG. The crude enzyme thus obtained showed a slight (10%) enhancement in activity after a 30-min incubation in 25% (v/v) n-hexane at 37 degrees C, and retained 90% of its activity after a similar period in 25% (v/v) p-xylene.
Analysis of the breath hydrogen test for carbohydrate malabsorption: validation of a pocket-sized breath test analyser

Lee WS, Davidson GP, Moore DJ, Butler RN

J Paediatr Child Health, 2000 Aug;36(4):340-2.
PMID: 10940167

OBJECTIVE: To assess the validity and clinical application of a hand-held breath hydrogen (H2) analyzer (BreatH2, Europa Scientific, Crewe, UK).
METHODOLOGY: Breath samples of patients referred to the Gastroenterology Unit, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, South Australia, for confirmation of the diagnosis of carbohydrate malabsorption were analysed with the Quintron microlyzer (Quintron Instrument Co., Milwaukee, USA) and the BreatH2 analyser, using the Quintron microlyzer as the gold standard.
RESULTS: Twenty-nine breath H2 tests (BHT) were performed in 29 patients aged 2 months to 61 years. The sensitivity and specificity of the BreatH2 analyser in detecting a positive BHT using the Quintron microlyser as the gold standard were 0.90 and 0.95 with positive and negative predictive values of 0.90 and 0.95, respectively. There was one false positive and one false negative reading. Bland-Altman plots showed a high degree of agreement between the values obtained with two different methods.
CONCLUSIONS: The diagnosis of carbohydrate malabsorption, using a portable breath H2 analyser (BreatH2), achieved an acceptable degree of sensitivity and specificity, enabling it to be used where no alternative is available.
Intracranial angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma with Hodgkin lymphoma

Gunness VRN, Munoz I, González-López P, Alshafai N, Mikalkova A, Spears J

Med J Malaysia, 2019 Jun;74(3):234-236.
PMID: 31256181

Angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma (AFH) is a rare soft tissue tumour of uncertain differentiation and low metastatic potential, which occurs predominantly in children and young adults. It occurs mostly within the extremities, trunk, head and neck. We report the case of a 32-year-old female that was operated in our hospital in 2016 and twice in 2017. The patient had headaches and neck pain initially in 2016. We discuss the radiographic and histologic features initially found and the findings that ultimately led to the diagnosis of AFH. The patient had a past history of Hodgkin lymphoma.
Impact of gender on sexual problems and perceptions among urban Malay elderly in Malaysia

Minhat HS, Mat Din H, Vasudevan R, Raja Adnan RNE, Ibrahim R

Arch Gerontol Geriatr, 2019 01 08;81:240-244.
PMID: 30669017 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2019.01.001

BACKGROUND: Physical and pathological changes associated with advancing age affect sexual behaviours of the elderly. The aim of this study was to explore the impact of gender on sexual problems and perceptions among the urban Malay elderly.
METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 160 Malaysian elderly participants aged 60 years and older who live in Kuala Lumpur. Twelve neighbourhood associations were randomly selected using multi-stage cluster sampling. Data was collected using standardized and validated questionnaire by face-to-face interview technique with which was conducted by trained interviewers.
RESULTS: Mean age of the participants was 65.33 (5.87) year old with majority were still married. Female (55.7%) reported more sexual problems as evidenced by the higher proportion of those with lacked interest in having sex (72.5%), find sex is unpleasant (34.8%) and unable to come to orgasm (55.1%). Gender was found to have significant impact on every model obtained in the analysis for both sexual problems and perceptions. Female elderly were 10.6 times more likely to have sexual problem compared to male elderly (OR = 10.64, P
Morphological identification of foodborne pathogens colonizing rice grains in south Asia

Reddy KR, Farhana NI, Wardah AR, Salleh B

Pak J Biol Sci, 2010 Aug 15;13(16):794-801.
PMID: 21850929

The aim of this study was to identify the foodborne pathogens mainly, Aspergillus sp. colonizing rice grains using cultural and microscopic methods. Four differential media (Czapek Dox Agar (CZA), Czapek Yeast Agar (CYA), Malt Extract Agar (MEA) and Czapek yeast 20% sucrose agar (CYA20S)) were used for differentiation of five Aspergillus sp., colonizing rice grains comparing with standard cultures. We studied macroscopic (colony color and diameter, conidia color, exudates, sclerotia and colony texture) and microscopic (conidiophore color, length and breadth, conidia size, shape and surface texture, vesicle diameter and phialides length and breadth) characteristics for identification of 110 isolates of Aspergillus sp. isolated from 65 rice grain samples collected from various countries in South Asia (Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand). According to morphological characters, all these isolates were belonging to Aspergillus flavus (45), A. fumigatus (8), A. ochraceus (7), A. niger (42) and A. tamarii (8). This is the first report on identification of large number of Aspergillus strains isolated from rice grains in South Asia.
Fulltext Molecular characterization of pathogenic Fusarium species in cucurbit plants from Kermanshah province, Iran

Chehri K, Salleh B, Yli-Mattila T, Reddy KR, Abbasi S

Saudi J Biol Sci, 2011 Oct;18(4):341-51.
PMID: 23961146 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2011.01.007

Fusarium is one of the important phytopathogenic genera of microfungi causing serious losses on cucurbit plants in Kermanshah province, the largest area of cucurbits plantation in Iran. Therefore, the objectives in this study were to isolate and identify disease-causing Fusarium spp. from infected cucurbit plants, to ascertain their pathogenicity, and to determine their phylogenetic relationships. A total of 100 Fusarium isolates were obtained from diseased cucurbit plants collected from fields in different geographic regions in Kermanshah province, Iran. According to morphological characters, all isolates were identified as Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium proliferatum, Fusarium equiseti, Fusarium semitectum and Fusarium solani. All isolates of the five Fusarium spp. were evaluated for their pathogenicity on healthy cucumber (Cucumis sativus) and honeydew melon (Cucumis melo) seedlings in the glasshouse. F. oxysporum caused damping-off in 20-35 days on both cucurbit seedlings tested. Typical stem rot symptoms were observed within 15 days after inoculation with F. solani on both seedlings. Based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis, the five Fusarium species were divided into two major groups. In particular, isolates belonging to the F. solani species complex (FSSC) were separated into two RFLP types. Grouping among Fusarium strains derived from restriction analysis was in agreement with criteria used in morphological classification. Therefore, the PCR-ITS-RFLP method provides a simple and rapid procedure for the differentiation of Fusarium strains at species level. This is the first report on identification and pathogenicity of major plant pathogenic Fusarium spp. causing root and stem rot on cucurbits in Iran.
Use of principal component analysis for differentiation of gelatine sources based on polypeptide molecular weights

Nur Azira T, Che Man YB, Raja Mohd Hafidz RN, Aina MA, Amin I

Food Chem, 2014 May 15;151:286-92.
PMID: 24423534 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.11.066

The study was aimed to differentiate between porcine and bovine gelatines in adulterated samples by utilising sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) combined with principal component analysis (PCA). The distinct polypeptide patterns of 6 porcine type A and 6 bovine type B gelatines at molecular weight ranged from 50 to 220 kDa were studied. Experimental samples of raw gelatine were prepared by adding porcine gelatine in a proportion ranging from 5% to 50% (v/v) to bovine gelatine and vice versa. The method used was able to detect 5% porcine gelatine added to the bovine gelatine. There were no differences in the electrophoretic profiles of the jelly samples when the proteins were extracted with an acetone precipitation method. The simple approach employing SDS-PAGE and PCA reported in this paper may provide a useful tool for food authenticity issues concerning gelatine.

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