Displaying publications 21 - 40 of 51 in total

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  1. Correlation data of (Z)-1-[4-(trifluoromethyl)benzylidene]thiosemicarbazide via spectroscopic methods and Density Functional Theory studies
    Osman UM, Farizal ASN, Kadir MA, Razali MH, Rozaini MZH, Arshad S
    Data Brief, 2019 Dec;27:104673.
    PMID: 31720328 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2019.104673
    New compound, namely (Z)-1-[4-(trifluoromethyl)benzylidene]thiosemicarbazide was successfully synthesized using thiosemicarbazide with 4-(trifluoromethyl)-benzaldehyde in ethanol solution. The data presented in this articles is related to our research articles entitled "Crystal Structure of (Z)-1-[4-(Trifluoromethyl)benzylidene]thiosemicarbazide" (Osman et al., 2017) [1]. This work shows the continue data from experimental spectroscopic measurement which are Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (13C NMR). Assessment on the correlation with theoretical computational data was also carried out through GaussView 5.0.9 and Gaussian09 software. Molecular Electrostatic Potential (MEP) and Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital-Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital (HOMO-LUMO) were also illustrated.
    Matched MeSH terms: Benzaldehydes
  2. Fulltext Determination of the Major Component of Water Fraction of Katuk (Sauropus androgynous (L.) Merr.) Leaves by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
    Mustarichie R, Salsabila T, Iskandar Y
    J Pharm Bioallied Sci, 2019 Dec;11(Suppl 4):S611-S618.
    PMID: 32148372 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.JPBS_205_19
    Background: The katuk leaf (Sauropus androgynous (L.) Merr.) is one of the plants that are used to overcome baldness by the people of Kampung Mak Kemas, Malaysia. It is suspected that secondary metabolites contained in katuk leaves play a key role in stimulating hair growth.

    Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study was to identify the optimum method to obtain one of the chemical compounds in the water fraction and to identify the hypothesized chemical isolates in the water fraction katuk leave's ethanol extract.

    Materials and Methods: The methods used in this study included the collection and determination of the katuk plant, the processing of the katuk, phytochemical filtrating, extracting with ethanol 96%, and fractionation using the liquid-liquid extraction method with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and water solvents The water fraction of katuk leaves was analyzed by its components by thin-layer chromatography using the stationary phase of silica gel 60 F254, developer of n-butanol:acetic acid:water (4:1:5), and detection under ultraviolet (UV) light at a wavelength of 366 and 254nm, as well as with vanillin-sulfuric acid reagent. To isolate the compounds from water fraction of katuk leaves, it was then eluted with a vacuum column chromatography by eluent with a level polarity that would get 11 subfractions. Each subfraction was checked by two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography to see subfraction purity characterized by the appearance of a spot on the chromatogram plate. The isolate was analyzed using spot test, ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer, infrared spectrophotometer, and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.

    Results: The isolate was an alkaloid compound with a molecular mass of 406.3131 m/z with the molecular formula C21H39N6O2 as S, S-5, 5'-amino-4,4'-dihexyl-propyldihydropyrazol-3, 3-one.

    Conclusion: One of the chemical compounds contained in the water fraction of the ethanol extract of the katuk leaf was an alkaloid group.

    Matched MeSH terms: Benzaldehydes
  3. Nanocrystalline k-f zeolite from rice husk silica as an eco-friendly solid base catalyst for the synthesis of jasminaldehyde under microwave irradiation
    Wong SF, Lee HL, Farook Adam, Ng EP, Krittanun Deekamwong, Jatuporn Wittayakun, et al.
    Sains Malaysiana, 2018;47:337-345.
    Nanocrystalline aluminosilicate F-type zeolite (K-F, EDI-type structure) was synthesized in an organic template-free system
    using rice husk ash (RHA) silica source and microwave energy. The morphology, crystallite size, chemical composition,
    crystallographic and basicity properties of the nanocrystals were studied by using various characterization techniques.
    The results showed that fully crystalline K-F zeolite (Si/Al ratio = 1.26) with flattened cuboid-like shaped could be
    obtained within 2 min of crystallization which was considerably very fast. In addition, K-F zeolite nanocrystals was also
    tested as a solid base catalyst in the microwave-enhanced Aldol condensation reaction of heptanal with benzaldehyde
    and the six catalytic parameters were studied and optimized. The nanosized K-F zeolite crystals showed good catalytic
    performance in the studied reaction with 77.1% heptanal conversion and 69.5% jasminaldehyde selectivity under optimum
    reaction condition. The nanocatalyst was reusable and no significant loss in its catalytic reactivity was observed even
    after five consecutive reaction cycles.
    Matched MeSH terms: Benzaldehydes
  4. Fulltext A Novel Hydrazinecarbothioamide as a Potential Corrosion Inhibitor for Mild Steel in HCl
    Al-Amiery AA, Kadhum AAH, Mohamad AB, Junaedi S
    Materials (Basel), 2013 Apr 02;6(4):1420-1431.
    PMID: 28809218 DOI: 10.3390/ma6041420
    2-(1-methyl-4-((E)-(2-methylbenzylidene)amino)-2-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-3(2H)-ylidene)-hydrazineecarbothioamide (HCB) was synthesized as a corrosion inhibitor from the reaction of 4-aminoantipyrine, thiosemicarbazide and 2-methylbenzaldehyde. The corrosion inhibitory effects of HCB on mild steel in 1.0 M HCl were investigated using potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results showed that HCB inhibited mild steel corrosion in acidic solution and inhibition efficiency increased with an increase in the concentration of the inhibitor. The inhibition efficiency was up to 96.5% at 5.0 mM. Changes in the impedance parameters suggested that HCB adsorbed on the surface of mild steel, leading to the formation of a protective film. The novel corrosion inhibitor synthesized in the present study was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectral data.
    Matched MeSH terms: Benzaldehydes
  5. Design of separable magnetic chitosan grafted-benzaldehyde for azo dye removal via a response surface methodology: Characterization and adsorption mechanism
    Arni LA, Hapiz A, Abdulhameed AS, Khadiran T, ALOthman ZA, Wilson LD, et al.
    Int J Biol Macromol, 2023 Jul 01;242(Pt 4):125086.
    PMID: 37247708 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125086
    In this study, a magnetic chitosan grafted-benzaldehyde (CS-BD/Fe3O4) was hydrothermally prepared using benzaldehyde as a grafting agent to produce a promising adsorbent for the removal of acid red 88 (AR88) dye. The CS-BD/Fe3O4 was characterized by infrared spectroscopy, surface area analysis, scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray, vibrating sample magnetometry, powder X-ray diffraction, CHN elemental analysis, and point of zero charge (pHPZC). The Box-Behnken design (BBD) was adopted to study the role of variables that influence AR88 dye adsorption (A: CS-BD/Fe3O4 dose (0.02-0.1 g), B: pH (4-10), and time C: (10-90 min)). The ANOVA results of the BBD model indicated that the F-value for the AR88 removal was 22.19 %, with the corresponding p-value of 0.0002. The adsorption profiles at equilibrium and dynamic conditions reveal that the Temkin model and the pseudo-first-order kinetics model provide an adequate description of the isotherm results, where the maximum adsorption capacity (qmax) with the AR88 dye was 154.1 mg/g. Several mechanisms, including electrostatic attraction, n-π interaction, π-π interaction, and hydrogen bonding, regulate the adsorption of AR88 dyes onto the CS-BD/Fe3O4 surface. As a result, this research indicates that CS-BD/Fe3O4 can be utilized as an effective and promising bio-adsorbent for azo dye removal from contaminated wastewater.
    Matched MeSH terms: Benzaldehydes
  6. Functionalization of chitosan biopolymer with SiO2 nanoparticles and benzaldehyde via hydrothermal process for acid red 88 dye adsorption: Box-Behnken design optimization
    Wu R, Abdulhameed AS, Yong SK, Li H, ALOthman ZA, Wilson LD, et al.
    Int J Biol Macromol, 2023 Aug 30;247:125806.
    PMID: 37453635 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125806
    An effective hydrothermally prepared chitosan-benzaldehyde/SiO2 adsorbent (CTA-BZA/SiO2) employed functionalization of a CTA biopolymer with SiO2 nanoparticles and BZA. CTA-BZA/SiO2 is an adsorbent that was utilized for the adsorption of an acidic dye (acid red 88, AR88) from synthetic wastewater. The fundamental adsorption variables (A: CTA-BZA/SiO2 dosage (0.02-0.1 g); B: pH (4-10); and C: duration (10-60)) were optimized via the Box-Behnken design (BBD). The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms (coefficients of determination R2 = 0.99) agreed well with empirical data of AR88 adsorption by CTA-BZA/SiO2. The pseudo-first-order model showed reasonable agreement with the kinetic data of AR88 adsorption by CTA-BZA/SiO2. The maximal AR88 adsorption capacity (qmax) for CTA-BZA/SiO2 was identified to be 252.4 mg/g. The electrostatic attractions between both the positively charged CTA-BZA/SiO2 adsorbent and the AR88 anions, plus the n-π, π-π, and H-bond interactions contribute to the favourable adsorption process. This study reveals that CTA-BZA/SiO2 has the capacity to be a suitable adsorbent for the removal of a wider range of organic dyes from industrial effluents.
    Matched MeSH terms: Benzaldehydes
  7. Fulltext The Effect of 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde on the γ-aminobutyric Acid Type A Receptor
    Zhang J, Mohamad H, Wong JH, Bilal M, Ismail AHB, Lloyd AJ, et al.
    Malays J Med Sci, 2017 Mar;24(2):94-99.
    PMID: 28894409 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2017.24.2.12
    The α1β2γ2 subtype of GABAA receptors is the most commonly found GABAA receptor subtype in the mammalian cortex and hippocampus. It is expressed heterologously in the Xenopus laevis oocyte as a α1β2γ2S/L subtype for application as an in vitro model for the screening of compounds that modulate receptor activities. In fact, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (4-HB) has been identified as one of the major components in Dendrocalamus asper bamboo shoots in our previous study, and the current study showed that at 101.7 μM, 4-HB significantly reduced the GABA-induced chloride current of GABAA receptors expressed on Xenopus oocytes, indicating a possible GABAergic antagonistic effect at high concentrations.
    Matched MeSH terms: Benzaldehydes
  8. Fulltext A large response range reflectometric urea biosensor made from silica-gel nanoparticles
    Alqasaimeh M, Heng LY, Ahmad M, Raj AS, Ling TL
    Sensors (Basel), 2014 Jul 22;14(7):13186-209.
    PMID: 25054632 DOI: 10.3390/s140713186
    A new silica-gel nanospheres (SiO2NPs) composition was formulated, followed by biochemical surface functionalization to examine its potential in urea biosensor development. The SiO2NPs were basically synthesized based on sol-gel chemistry using a modified Stober method. The SiO2NPs surfaces were modified with amine (-NH2) functional groups for urease immobilization in the presence of glutaric acid (GA) cross-linker. The chromoionophore pH-sensitive dye ETH 5294 was physically adsorbed on the functionalized SiO2NPs as pH transducer. The immobilized urease determined urea concentration reflectometrically based on the colour change of the immobilized chromoionophore as a result of the enzymatic hydrolysis of urea. The pH changes on the biosensor due to the catalytic enzyme reaction of immobilized urease were found to correlate with the urea concentrations over a linear response range of 50-500 mM (R2 = 0.96) with a detection limit of 10 mM urea. The biosensor response time was 9 min with reproducibility of less than 10% relative standard deviation (RSD). This optical urea biosensor did not show interferences by Na+, K+, Mg2+ and NH4+ ions. The biosensor performance has been validated using urine samples in comparison with a non-enzymatic method based on the use of p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde (DMAB) reagent and demonstrated a good correlation between the two different methods (R2 = 0.996 and regression slope of 1.0307). The SiO2NPs-based reflectometric urea biosensor showed improved dynamic linear response range when compared to other nanoparticle-based optical urea biosensors.
    Matched MeSH terms: Benzaldehydes/chemistry
  9. Fulltext Headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-olfactometry analysis of volatile compounds in pineapple breads
    Ying S, Lasekan O, Naidu KR, Lasekan S
    Molecules, 2012 Nov 22;17(12):13795-812.
    PMID: 23174897 DOI: 10.3390/molecules171213795
    Sensorial analysis of pineapple breads (conventionally baked, Cpb; fully baked frozen, Fpb and partially baked, Ppb) showed no significant differences in terms of aroma and taste. On the contrary, the scores for the overall quality between the partially baked and conventionally baked breads showed significant (p < 0.05) differences. At the same time, headspace analysis using a solid-phase microextraction (SPME) method identified 59 volatile compounds. The results of the aroma extracts dilution analysis (AEDA) revealed 19 most odour-active compounds with FD factors in the range of 32-128 as the key odourants of the pineapple breads. Further analysis of the similarities and differences between the pineapple breads in terms of the key odourants were carried out by the application of PLS-DA and PLS-regression coefficients. Results showed that Ppb exhibited strong positive correlations with most of the volatile- and non-volatile compounds, while the Cpb showed significant positive correlations with hexanal and 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone, and the Fpb had strong positive correlations with lactic acid, benzoic acid, benzaldehyde and ethyl propanoate.
    Matched MeSH terms: Benzaldehydes/analysis
  10. 3-Iodobenzaldehyde: XRD, FT-IR, Raman and DFT studies
    Kumar CS, Parlak C, Tursun M, Fun HK, Rhyman L, Ramasami P, et al.
    Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc, 2015 Jun 15;145:90-7.
    PMID: 25767992 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2015.02.079
    The structure of 3-iodobenzaldehyde (3IB) was characterized by FT-IR, Raman and single-crystal X-ray diffraction techniques. The conformational isomers, optimized geometric parameters, normal mode frequencies and corresponding vibrational assignments of 3IB were examined using density functional theory (DFT) method, with the Becke-3-Lee-Yang-Parr (B3LYP) functional and the 6-311+G(3df,p) basis set for all atoms except for iodine. The LANL2DZ effective core basis set was used for iodine. Potential energy distribution (PED) analysis of normal modes was performed to identify characteristic frequencies. 3IB crystallizes in monoclinic space group P21/c with the O-trans form. There is a good agreement between the theoretically predicted structural parameters, and vibrational frequencies and those obtained experimentally. In order to understand halogen effect, 3-halogenobenzaldehyde [XC6H4CHO; X=F, Cl and Br] was also studied theoretically. The free energy difference between the isomers is small but the rotational barrier is about 8kcal/mol. An atypical behavior of fluorine affecting conformational preference is observed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Benzaldehydes/chemistry*
  11. Cinnamic acid, coumarin and vanillin: Alternative phenolic compounds for efficient Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of the unicellular green alga, Nannochloropsis sp
    Cha TS, Chen CF, Yee W, Aziz A, Loh SH
    J Microbiol Methods, 2011 Mar;84(3):430-4.
    PMID: 21256888 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2011.01.005
    The use of acetosyringone in Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer into plant hosts has been favored for the past few decades. The influence of other phenolic compounds and their effectiveness in Agrobacterium-mediated plant transformation systems has been neglected. In this study, the efficacy of four phenolic compounds on Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of the unicellular green alga Nannochloropsis sp. (Strain UMT-M3) was assessed by using β-glucuronidase (GUS) assay. We found that cinnamic acid, vanillin and coumarin produced higher percentages of GUS positive cells as compared to acetosyringone. These results also show that the presence of methoxy group in the phenolic compounds may not be necessary for Agrobacterium vir gene induction and receptor binding as suggested by previous studies. These findings provide possible alternative Agrobacterium vir gene inducers that are more potent as compared to the commonly used acetosyringone in achieving high efficiency of Agrobacterium-mediated transformation in microalgae and possibly for other plants.
    Matched MeSH terms: Benzaldehydes/metabolism*
  12. Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activity of norfloxacin based acetohydrazides
    Walayat K, Ahmad M, Rasul A, Aslam S, Anjum MN, Sultan S, et al.
    Pak J Pharm Sci, 2020 Mar;33(2(Supplementary)):855-860.
    PMID: 32863262
    The drug resistance phenomenon in microbes is resulting in the ineffectiveness of available drugs to treat the infections. Thus, there is a continued need to discover new molecules to combat the drug resistance phenomenon. Norfloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic that is used for the treatment of urinary tract infections. In this research work, norfloxacin is structurally modified by hybridizing with a range of substituted acetohydrazidic moieties through a multistep reaction. The first step involves the coupling of norfloxacin 1 with methyl chloroacetate followed by the treatment with hydrazine hydrate to result in corresponding acetohydrazide 3. A range of substituted benzaldehydes were reacted with the acetohydrazide to form the targeted series of norfloxacin derivatives 4a-i. The final compounds were screened for antimicrobial activity. Among the tested compounds, 4c, 4d, 4e and 4f displayed better antifungal activity against F.avenaceum, while compound 4c and 4e were active against F. bubigeum.
    Matched MeSH terms: Benzaldehydes/chemistry
  13. Bioengineering of the Plant Culture of Capsicum frutescens with Vanillin Synthase Gene for the Production of Vanillin
    Chee MJ, Lycett GW, Khoo TJ, Chin CF
    Mol Biotechnol, 2017 Jan;59(1):1-8.
    PMID: 27826796 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-016-9986-2
    Production of vanillin by bioengineering has gained popularity due to consumer demand toward vanillin produced by biological systems. Natural vanillin from vanilla beans is very expensive to produce compared to its synthetic counterpart. Current bioengineering works mainly involve microbial biotechnology. Therefore, alternative means to the current approaches are constantly being explored. This work describes the use of vanillin synthase (VpVAN), to bioconvert ferulic acid to vanillin in a plant system. The VpVAN enzyme had been shown to directly convert ferulic acid and its glucoside into vanillin and its glucoside, respectively. As the ferulic acid precursor and vanillin were found to be the intermediates in the phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathway of Capsicum species, this work serves as a proof-of-concept for vanillin production using Capsicum frutescens (C. frutescens or hot chili pepper). The cells of C. frutescens were genetically transformed with a codon optimized VpVAN gene via biolistics. Transformed explants were selected and regenerated into callus. Successful integration of the gene cassette into the plant genome was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction. High-performance liquid chromatography was used to quantify the phenolic compounds detected in the callus tissues. The vanillin content of transformed calli was 0.057% compared to 0.0003% in untransformed calli.
    Matched MeSH terms: Benzaldehydes/metabolism*
  14. Comparative efficacy of vanilloids in inhibiting toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4)/myeloid differentiation factor (MD-2) homodimerisation
    Mai CW, Kang YB, Hamzah AS, Pichika MR
    Food Funct, 2018 Jun 20;9(6):3344-3350.
    PMID: 29808897 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo00136g
    Vanilloid (4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl benzenoid) containing foods are reported to possess many biological activities including anti-inflammatory properties. Homodimerisation of the Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4)/Myeloid differentiation factor 2 (MD-2) complex results in life-threatening complications in inflammatory disorders. In this study, we report activity of vanilloids in inhibition of TLR-4/MD-2 homodimersization and their molecular interactions with the receptor. The inhibitory activities of vanilloids were assessed in vitro by determining their antagonistic actions of lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli (LPSEc) in activation of TLR-4/MD-2 homodimerisation in TLR-4/MD-2/CD-14 transfected HEK-293 cells. The in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of vanilloids was also determined using RAW 264.7 cells. All the vanilloids were found to be active in the inhibition of TLR-4/MD-2 homodimersiation and nitric oxide production in RAW 264.7 cells. Rigid and flexible molecular docking studies were performed to gain insight into interactions between vanilloids and the binding site of the TLR-4/MD-2 complex.
    Matched MeSH terms: Benzaldehydes/pharmacology*
  15. Fulltext Synthesis of novel bisindolylmethane Schiff bases and their antibacterial activity
    Imran S, Taha M, Ismail NH, Khan KM, Naz F, Hussain M, et al.
    Molecules, 2014;19(8):11722-40.
    PMID: 25102118 DOI: 10.3390/molecules190811722
    In an effort to develop new antibacterial drugs, some novel bisindolylmethane derivatives containing Schiff base moieties were prepared and screened for their antibacterial activity. The synthesis of the bisindolylmethane Schiff base derivatives 3-26 was carried out in three steps. First, the nitro group of 3,3'-((4-nitrophenyl)-methylene)bis(1H-indole) (1) was reduced to give the amino substituted bisindolylmethane 2 without affecting the unsaturation of the bisindolylmethane moiety using nickel boride in situ generated. Reduction of compound 1 using various catalysts showed that combination of sodium borohydride and nickel acetate provides the highest yield for compound 2. Bisindolylmethane Schiff base derivatives were synthesized by coupling various benzaldehydes with amino substituted bisindolylmethane 2. All synthesized compounds were characterized by various spectroscopic methods. The bisindolylmethane Schiff base derivatives were evaluated against selected Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains. Derivatives having halogen and nitro substituent display weak to moderate antibacterial activity against Salmonella typhi, S. paratyphi A and S. paratyphi B.
    Matched MeSH terms: Benzaldehydes/chemical synthesis; Benzaldehydes/chemistry
  16. Fulltext Efficacy of the Aqueous Extract of Azadirachta indica Against the Marine Parasitic Leech and Its Phytochemical Profiling
    Venmathi Maran BA, Josmeh D, Tan JK, Yong YS, Shah MD
    Molecules, 2021 Mar 29;26(7).
    PMID: 33805254 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26071908
    Zeylanicobdella arugamensis (Hirudinea), a marine parasitic leech, not only resulted in the mortality of the host fish (Groupers) but also caused economic losses. The current study aimed to elucidate the antiparasitic efficacy of the aqueous extract of the Azadirachta indica leaves against Z. arugamensis and to profile the composition via LC-Q Exactive HF Orbitrap mass spectrometry. Different concentrations (25, 50 and 100 mg/mL) of A. indica extract were prepared and tested on the parasitic leeches. The total mortality of leeches was noticed with an exposure to the A. indica aqueous extract. The average times required for the aqueous extract at concentrations of 25, 50 and 100 mg/mL to kill the leeches were 42.65 ± 9.20, 11.69 ± 1.11 and 6.45 ± 0.45 min, respectively, in a dose-dependent manner. The Orbitrap mass spectrometry analysis indicated the presence of five flavonoids (myricetin 3-O-galactoside, trifolin, isorhamnetin, quercetin and kaempferol), four aromatics (4-methoxy benzaldehyde, scopoletin, indole-3-acrylic acid and 2,4-quinolinediol), three phenolics (p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid and phloretin) and two terpenoids (pulegone and caryophyllene oxide). Thus, our study indicates that A. indica aqueous extract is a good source of metabolites with the potential to act as a biocontrol agent against the marine parasitic leech in aquaculture.
    Matched MeSH terms: Benzaldehydes
  17. Fulltext Effect of gamma-radiation on major aroma compounds and vanillin glucoside of cured vanilla beans (vanilla planifolia)
    Salmah Moosa, Seri Chempaka Mohd. Yusof, Ruzalina Bahrin, Maizatul Akmam Md. Nasir
    Jurnal Sains Nuklear Malaysia, 2014;26(1):18-24.
    MyJurnal
    Radiation processing of food materials by gamma-radiation is a well-established method for
    microbial decontamination and insect disinfestation. Irradiation of spices at doses ranging from
    10 to 30 kGy has been reported to result in complete elimination of microorganisms with
    negligible changes in the flavour quality. The effect of gamma-radiation on microflora and
    vanillin content of cured vanilla beans in the dose range of 5 - 50 kGy has been investigated, but
    its effect on other major aroma compounds and vanillin glucoside (vanillin aroma precursor)
    remaining after curing have not been studied so far. Vanillin (4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde)
    is one such compound used as a flavouring agent and as a dietary component. It is the major
    component of natural vanilla, which is one of the most widely used and important flavouring
    materials throughout the world. Vanillin is an antioxidant capable of protecting membrane
    against lipid peroxidation and DNA against strand breaks induced by reactive oxygen species.
    The present work was aimed to study the effect of gamma-radiation processing on the major
    aroma compounds of cured vanilla beans and also to investigate possible enhancement in vanillin
    content by the radiolytic breakdown of vanillin glucoside present already. Cured vanilla beans
    were irradiated (5, 10, 15, 20 and 30 kGy) and the vanillin content of control and irradiated
    samples were analysed, respectively for possible enhancement of vanillin content by radiolysis of
    vanillin glucoside. Radiolytic breakdown of glycosidic precursors of aroma constituents and
    consequent release of free aroma was shown to result in the enhancement of aroma quality of
    these products. Since a considerable amount of vanillin exists as its glycosidic precursor in cured
    vanilla pods, a possible enhancement in yield of vanillin by radiation processing is thus expected.
    Hence the highly stable oxygen–carbon linkage between vanillin and glucose limits the possible
    enhancement of aroma quality of irradiated beans.
    Matched MeSH terms: Benzaldehydes
  18. Fulltext Potential New H1N1 Neuraminidase Inhibitors from Ferulic Acid and Vanillin: Molecular Modelling, Synthesis and in Vitro Assay
    Hariono M, Abdullah N, Damodaran KV, Kamarulzaman EE, Mohamed N, Hassan SS, et al.
    Sci Rep, 2016 12 20;6:38692.
    PMID: 27995961 DOI: 10.1038/srep38692
    We report the computational and experimental efforts in the design and synthesis of novel neuraminidase (NA) inhibitors from ferulic acid and vanillin. Two proposed ferulic acid analogues, MY7 and MY8 were predicted to inhibit H1N1 NA using molecular docking. From these two analogues, we designed, synthesised and evaluated the biological activities of a series of ferulic acid and vanillin derivatives. The enzymatic H1N1 NA inhibition assay showed MY21 (a vanillin derivative) has the lowest IC50 of 50 μM. In contrast, the virus inhibition assay showed MY15, a ferulic acid derivative has the best activity with the EC50 of ~0.95 μM. Modelling studies further suggest that these predicted activities might be due to the interactions with conserved and essential residues of NA with ΔGbind values comparable to those of oseltamivir and zanamivir, the two commercial NA inhibitors.
    Matched MeSH terms: Benzaldehydes/chemical synthesis*; Benzaldehydes/pharmacology*; Benzaldehydes/chemistry
  19. Synthesis, X-ray crystal and monoamine oxidase inhibitory activity of 4,6-dihydrobenzo[c]pyrano[2,3-e][1,2]thiazine 5,5-dioxides: In vitro studies and docking analysis
    Ahmad S, Jalil S, Zaib S, Aslam S, Ahmad M, Rasul A, et al.
    Eur J Pharm Sci, 2019 Apr 01;131:9-22.
    PMID: 30735822 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2019.02.007
    We report the synthesis and biological evaluation of two new series of 2-amino-6-benzyl-4-phenyl-4,6-dihydrobenzo[c]pyrano[2,3-e][1,2]thiazine-3‑carbonitrile 5,5-dioxides and 2-amino-6-methyl-4-phenyl-4,6-dihydrobenzo[c]pyrano[2,3-e][1,2]thiazine-3‑carbonitrile 5,5-dioxides. The synthetic methodology involves a multistep reaction starting with methyl anthranilate which was coupled with methane sulfonyl chloride. The product of the reaction was subjected to N-benzylation and N-methylation reactions followed by ring closure with sodium hydride resulting in the formation of respective 2,1-benzothiazine 2,2-dioxides. These 2,1-benzothiazine precursors were subjected to multicomponent reaction with malononitrile and substituted benzaldehydes for the synthesis of two new series of pyranobenzothiazines (6a-r and 7a-r). The synthesized compounds were screened as selective inhibitors of monoamine oxidase A and monoamine oxidase B. The in vitro results suggested that compound 6d and 7q are the selective inhibitors of monoamine oxidase A, however, the selective and potent inhibitors of monoamine oxidase B included compounds 6h and 7r. Moreover, some dual inhibitors were noticed like 7l having more inhibitory activity towards both the isozymes. Moreover, the binding modes of the selective and potent inhibitors of monoamine oxidase A and B were investigated by molecular docking analysis. The results suggested that the synthetic derivatives may be potential towards the monoamine oxidase isozymes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Benzaldehydes
  20. Fulltext Compounds from the antioxidant active fraction of M. Platytyrea
    Nur Fadhilah Mohamad Haris, Mohd Kamal Nik Hasan, Mizaton Hazizul Hasan, Ibtisam Abdul Wahab
    Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia, 2016;14(1):23-29.
    MyJurnal
    This article discusses on the natural compounds from the ant plant (Myrmecodia species, family: Rubiaceae). The ethyl
    acetate (EtOAc) extract from the tuber of M. platytyrea was fractionated by using medium pressure liquid chromatography,
    giving eight fractions (F1-F8). Those fractions were evaluated using the 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)
    assay. Fraction F5 was recorded as potent (EC50 = 21.57 ± 1.40 µg/mL). Then, it was purified by using column
    chromatography (CC) (mobile phase = chloroform: EtOAc). From the CC, ten fractions (F5F1-F5F10) were obtained
    and compound (1) was isolated from F5F3 via preparative thin layer chromatography (TLC). After spraying with
    anisaldehyde-sulphuric reagent, compound (1) gave a green TLC spot (Rf
    = 0.65, 100% CHCl3
    , multiple development).
    The 1
    H-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy (500 MHz, CDCl3
    ) was performed to determine the chemical
    framework of (1). This compound was identified as morindolide, having an iridoid structure. Meanwhile, the mass
    spectra for compounds (2) and (3) were analysed. The data presented the molecular ion at m/z 375 [M-H]- and 255,
    suggesting the formulation of 2-(2-methylbutyryl)phloroglucinol glucoside and a flavanone, respectively. From the
    literature, compound (1) was firstly isolated from a Chinese natural medicine, the dried root of Morinda officinalis
    (family: Rubiaceae). The flavonoids are also included as the biologically active compounds from Myrmecodia. In
    short, this is the first occurrence of morindolide from the ant plant.
    Matched MeSH terms: Benzaldehydes
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