Displaying publications 21 - 40 of 103 in total

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  1. Alkylbenzenes in mussels from South and South East Asian coasts as a molecular tool to assess sewage impact
    Tsutsumi S, Yamaguchi Y, Nishida I, Akiyama K, Zakaria MP, Takada H
    Mar Pollut Bull, 2002;45(1-12):325-31.
    PMID: 12398403
    Alkylbenzenes, molecular markers of sewage, were measured in 34 green mussels collected from India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, and the Philippines together with blue mussels collected from Tokyo Bay, Japan. Linear alkylbenzene (LAB) concentrations in South and South East Asian countries ranged from 10 to 1,640 ng-sigmaLAB/g-dry tissue. In some populous cities, LAB concentrations were similar or higher than those found in northern Tokyo Bay which is heavily impacted by sewage effluents. I/E ratios (a ratio of internal to external isomers of LABs) in the South and South East Asian countries (1-3) were much lower than those in Tokyo Bay (3-8), indicating sewage discharged in the coastal zone is poorly treated (e.g., raw sewage and/or primary effluents). Alkylbenzenes with branched alkyl chains, tetrapropylene-based alkylbenzenes, were also detected in mussels from Indonesia and Philippines. This "tell-tale" sign indicates that poorly degradable detergents are still in use in this area, although they have long been phased-out in many industrialized countries.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bivalvia*
  2. Characterisation of 12 microsatellite loci in the Vietnamese commercial clam Lutraria rhynchaena Jonas 1844 (Heterodonta: Bivalvia: Mactridae) through next-generation sequencing
    Thai BT, Tan MH, Lee YP, Gan HM, Tran TT, Austin CM
    Mol Biol Rep, 2016 May;43(5):391-6.
    PMID: 26922181 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-016-3966-2
    The marine clam Lutraria rhynchaena is gaining popularity as an aquaculture species in Asia. Lutraria populations are present in the wild throughout Vietnam and several stocks have been established and translocated for breeding and aquaculture grow-out purposes. In this study, we demonstrate the feasibility of utilising Illumina next-generation sequencing technology to streamline the identification and genotyping of microsatellite loci from this clam species. Based on an initial partial genome scan, 48 microsatellite markers with similar melting temperatures were identified and characterised. The 12 most suitable polymorphic loci were then genotyped using 51 individuals from a population in Quang Ninh Province, North Vietnam. Genetic variation was low (mean number of alleles per locus = 2.6; mean expected heterozygosity = 0.41). Two loci showed significant deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) and the presence of null alleles, but there was no evidence of linkage disequilibrium among loci. Three additional populations were screened (n = 7-36) to test the geographic utility of the 12 loci, which revealed 100 % successful genotyping in two populations from central Vietnam (Nha Trang). However, a second population from north Vietnam (Co To) could not be successfully genotyped and morphological evidence and mitochondrial variation suggests that this population represents a cryptic species of Lutraria. Comparisons of the Qang Ninh and Nha Trang populations, excluding the 2 loci out of HWE, revealed statistically significant allelic variation at 4 loci. We reported the first microsatellite loci set for the marine clam Lutraria rhynchaena and demonstrated its potential in differentiating clam populations. Additionally, a cryptic species population of Lutraria rhynchaena was identified during initial loci development, underscoring the overlooked diversity of marine clam species in Vietnam and the need to genetically characterise population representatives prior to microsatellite development. The rapid identification and validation of microsatellite loci using next-generation sequencing technology warrant its integration into future microsatellite loci development for key aquaculture species in Vietnam and more generally, aquaculture countries in the South East Asia region.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bivalvia/genetics*
  3. Fulltext Incidence and antibiogram of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in processed and frozen bivalve mollusks in Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
    Tang, J.Y.H., Wan-Rosli, W.F., Abdul-Razak, N.H., Yeo, C.C., Abu Bakar, C.A., Son, R.
    International Food Research Journal, 2014;21(4):1349-1353.
    MyJurnal
    This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and antibiogram of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in processed bivalve molluscs in Kuala Terengganu. A total of 80 seafood samples, namely mussels (n=20), carpet clams (n=20), cockles (n=20) and scallops (n=20), were subjected to PCR and conventional plating method for the detection of V. parahaemolyticus. V. parahaemolyticus was found in green mussels (55%), carpet clam (80%), cockles (40%) and scallops (55%). Fifty-five V. parahaemolyticus isolates were subjected to 9 types antibiotic sensitivity test using discs diffusion method. All isolates were susceptible to Tetracycline and Gentamycin. Isolates showed high resistance towards Vancomycin (52.73%), Penicillin (45.45%) and Amplicillin (32.73%). Resistance towards Amikacin, Ciprofloxacin and Norfloxacin were found to be 1.82%. It can be concluded that local bivalve molluscs were contaminated with V. parahaemolyticus and isolates showed resistance towards certain antibiotics. Therefore, consumption of raw or semi-cooked bivalve molluscs is not advisable.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bivalvia
  4. Effects of bivalve aquaculture on plankton and benthic community
    Tan K, Xu P, Huang L, Luo C, Huang J, Fazhan H, et al.
    Sci Total Environ, 2024 Mar 01;914:169892.
    PMID: 38211869 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.169892
    Global human population has increased dramatically over the past 50 years. As a result, marine fisheries and finfish aquaculture have become increasingly unsustainable, driving bivalve aquaculture to become an important food industry for the production of marine animal protein to support the growing market demand for animal protein. It is projected that the rate of bivalve aquaculture expansion will be greatly accelerated in the near future as the human population continues to increase. Although it is generally believed that unfed bivalve aquaculture has less impact on the environment than finfish aquaculture, the rapid expansion of bivalve aquaculture has raised concerns about its potential negative impact, especially on plankton and benthic community. Therefore, there is an urgent need to update the potential effects of bivalve aquaculture on plankton and benthic community. This article reviews the present state of knowledge on environmental issues related to bivalve aquaculture, and discusses potential mitigation measures for the environmental impacts induced by expansion of bivalve aquaculture. This review provides guidance for scientists and farm managers to clarify the current state of research and identify priority research needs for future bivalve aquaculture research. Therefore, specific management strategies can be formulated for the sustainable development and expansion of bivalve aquaculture.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bivalvia*
  5. Fulltext Prevalence and antibiotic resistance patterns of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from different types of seafood in Selangor, Malaysia
    Tan CW, Rukayadi Y, Hasan H, Thung TY, Lee E, Rollon WD, et al.
    Saudi J Biol Sci, 2020 Jun;27(6):1602-1608.
    PMID: 32489301 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.01.002
    Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a foodborne bacterial pathogen that may cause gastroenteritis in humans through the consumption of seafood contaminated with this microorganism. The emergence of antimicrobial and multidrug-resistant bacteria is another serious public health threat worldwide. In this study, the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility test of V. parahaemolyticus in blood clams, shrimps, surf clams, and squids were determined. The overall prevalence of V. parahaemolyticus in seafood was 85.71% (120/140), consisting of 91.43% (32/35) in blood clam, 88.57% (31/35) in shrimps, 82.86% (29/35) in surf clams, and 80% (28/35) in squids. The majority of V. parahaemolyticus isolates from the seafood samples were found to be susceptible to most antibiotics except ampicillin, cefazolin, and penicillin. The MAR indices of V. parahaemolyticus isolates ranged from 0.04 to 0.71 and about 90.83% of isolates were found resistant to more than one antibiotic. The high prevalence of V. parahaemolyticus in seafood and multidrug-resistant isolates detected in this study could pose a potential risk to human health and hence appropriate control methods should be in place to minimize the potential contamination and prevent the emergence of antibiotic resistance.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bivalvia
  6. Integrating mechanistic models and climate change projections to predict invasion of the mussel, Mytilopsis sallei, along the southern China coast
    Tan ALS, Cheng MCF, Giacoletti A, Chung JX, Liew J, Sarà G, et al.
    Sci Total Environ, 2021 Mar 25;762:143097.
    PMID: 33139009 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143097
    Species invasion is an important cause of global biodiversity decline and is often mediated by shifts in environmental conditions such as climate change. To investigate this relationship, a mechanistic Dynamic Energy Budget model (DEB) approach was used to predict how climate change may affect spread of the invasive mussel Mytilopsis sallei, by predicting variation in the total reproductive output of the mussel under different scenarios. To achieve this, the DEB model was forced with present-day satellite data of sea surface temperature (SST) and chlorophyll-a concentration (Chl-a), and SST under two warming RCP scenarios and decreasing current Chl-a levels, to predict future responses. Under both warming scenarios, the DEB model predicted the reproductive output of M. sallei would enhance range extension of the mussel, especially in regions south of the Yangtze River when future declines in Chl-a were reduced by less than 10%, whereas egg production was inhibited when Chl-a decreased by 20-30%. The decrease in SST in the Yangtze River may, however, be a natural barrier to the northward expansion of M. sallei, with colder temperatures resulting in a strong decrease in egg production. Although the invasion path of M. sallei may be inhibited northwards by the Yangtze River, larger geographic regions south of the Yangtze River run the risk of invasion, with subsequent negative impacts on aquaculture through competition for food with farmed bivalves and damaging aquaculture facilities. Using a DEB model approach to characterise the life history traits of M. sallei, therefore, revealed the importance of food availability and temperature on the reproductive output of this mussel and allowed evaluation of the invasion risk for specific regions. DEB is, therefore, a powerful predictive tool for risk management of already established invasive populations and to identify regions with a high potential invasion risk.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bivalvia*
  7. Asia-Pacific mussel watch: monitoring of butyltin contamination in coastal waters of Asian developing countries
    Sudaryanto A, Takahashi S, Monirith I, Ismail A, Muchtar M, Zheng J, et al.
    Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 2002 Oct;21(10):2119-30.
    PMID: 12371488
    Butyltin compounds (BTs) including mono-, di-, and tributyltin and total tin (sigmaSn), were determined in green mussels (Perna viridis) from various Asian developing countries, such as Cambodia, China (Hong Kong and southern China), Malaysia, India, Indonesia, the Philippines, and Vietnam, to elucidate the contamination status, distribution, and possible sources and to assess the risks on aquatic organisms and humans. Butyltin compounds were detected in green mussels collected from all the sampling location investigated, suggesting widespread contamination of BTs along the coastal waters of Asian developing countries. Among butyltin derivatives, tributyltin (TBT) was the predominant compound, indicating its ongoing usage and recent exposures in Asian coastal waters. Higher concentrations of BTs were found in mussels collected at locations with intensive maritime activities, implying that the usage of TBT as a biocide in antifouling paints was a major source of BTs. In addition, relatively high concentrations of BTs were observed in mussels from aquaculture areas in Hong Kong and Malaysia, as it has been reported in Thailand. With the recent improvement in economic status in Asia, it is probable that an increase in TBT usage will occur in aquaculture. Although contamination levels were generally low in mussel samples from most of the Asian developing countries, some of those from polluted areas in Hong Kong, India, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Thailand revealed levels comparable to those in developed nations. Furthermore, the concentrations of TBT in some mussels from polluted areas exceeded the threshold for toxic effects on organisms and estimated tolerable average residue levels as seafoods for human consumption. A significant correlation was observed between the concentrations of sigmaBTs and sigmaSn in mussels, and sigmaBTs were made up mostly 100% of sigmaSn in mussels taken from locations having intensive maritime/human activities. This suggests that anthropogenic BTs represent the major source of tin accumulation in mussels. To our knowledge, this is a first comprehensive report on butyltin pollution monitoring in developing countries in the Asia-Pacific region.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bivalvia/chemistry*
  8. Contamination of butyltin compounds in Malaysian marine environments
    Sudaryanto A, Takahashi S, Iwata H, Tanabe S, Ismail A
    Environ Pollut, 2004 Aug;130(3):347-58.
    PMID: 15182968
    Concentration of butyltin compounds (BTs), including tributyltin (TBT), dibutyltin (DBT) and monobutyltin (MBT) and total tin (SigmaSn) were determined in green mussel (Perna viridis), 10 species of muscle fish and sediment from coastal waters of Malaysia. BTs were detected in all these samples ranging from 3.6 to 900 ng/g wet wt., 3.6 to 210 ng/g wet wt., and 18 to 1400 ng/g dry wt. for mussels, fish and sediments, respectively. The concentrations of BTs in several locations of this study were comparable with the reported values from some developed countries and highest among Asian developing nations. Considerable concentration of BTs in several locations might have ecotoxicological consequences and may cause concern to human health. The parent compound TBT was found to be highest than those of its degradation compounds, DBT and MBT, suggesting recent input of TBT to the Malaysian marine environment. Significant positive correlation (Spearman rank correlation: r2=0.82, P<0.0001) was found between BTs and SigmaSn, implying considerable anthropogenic input of butyltin compounds to total tin contamination levels. Enormous boating activities may be a major source of BTs in this country, although aquaculture activities may not be ignored.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bivalvia/metabolism*
  9. The protective effect of nano calcium produced from freshwater clam shells on the histopathological overview of the liver and kidneys of mice exposed to mercury toxins
    Srie Rahayu SY, Aminingsih T, Fudholi A
    J Trace Elem Med Biol, 2022 May;71:126963.
    PMID: 35231878 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2022.126963
    BACKGROUND AND AIM: Freshwater clam shells nanoparticles powder is one of the uses of freshwater clams that can manufacture instant granular mineral supplements. This product can be used as a supplement to detoxify heavy metal toxins, such as Mercury. Mercury is an element that is detectable in all environmental media. Adults and children receive the most Mercury from food, air, and water intake. The majority of Mercury in the environment comes from the waste from mining activities and the metal industry. Mercury was found widely in the biosphere and is known as a dangerous hepatotoxicant. This study aimed to describe the hepatoprotective role of nano minerals (Ca, Mg, and Zn) produced from freshwater clam shells against mercury acetate poisoning in mice.

    MATERIAL AND METHODS: The mice were divided randomly into a control group (aqua bidest and mercury acetate) and an experimental group for this purpose. The experimental mice group was given orally nano Ca supplementation in three dose groups (9 mg, 18 mg, and 27 mg/200 g animal body weight) once a day for 21 consecutive days. The mice are then given mercury acetate (1300 µg/200 g animal body weight intraperitoneally) on the 21st day. One hour after giving the nano Ca supplement, the mice's blood was taken. Liver and kidney were autopsied two days later to check quantitative and qualitative changes caused by mercury concentrations in liver and kidney histopathologies.

    RESULTS: The results demonstrated the importance of nano Ca supplementation before mercury acetate induction, which has been shown to reduce necrotic depletion and hepatocyte degeneration.

    CONCLUSION: Nano Ca supplementation has decreased the concentration of Hg in the blood of mice so that it can be used as a potential health supplement to detoxify mercury toxins.

    Matched MeSH terms: Bivalvia*
  10. Impact of anthropogenic global hypoxia on the physiological response of bivalves
    Song J, Farhadi A, Tan K, Lim L, Tan K
    Sci Total Environ, 2024 May 20;926:172056.
    PMID: 38552980 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172056
    Dissolved oxygen (DO) is an important parameter that affects the biology, physiology, and immunology of aquatic animals. In recent decades, DO levels in the global oceans have sharply decreased, partly due to an increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide, temperature, and anthropogenic nutrient loads. Although there have been many reports on the effects of hypoxia on the survival, growth, behavior, and immunity of bivalves, this information has not been well organized. Therefore, this article provides a comprehensive review of the effects of hypoxia on bivalves. In general, hypoxia negatively impacts the food consumption rate and assimilation efficiency, as well as increasing respiration rates in many bivalves. As a result, it reduces the energy allocation for bivalve growth, shell formation, and reproduction. In severe cases, prolonged exposure to hypoxia can result in mass mortality in bivalves. Moreover, hypoxia also has adverse effects on the immunity and response of bivalves to predators, including decreased burial depths, sensitivity to predators, impairment of byssus production, and negatively impacts on the integrity, strength, and composition of bivalve shells. The tolerance of bivalves to hypoxia largely depends on size and species, with larger bivalves being more susceptible to hypoxia and intertidal species being relatively more tolerant to hypoxia. The information in this article is very useful for elucidating the current research status of hypoxia on bivalves and determining future research directions.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bivalvia*
  11. Study on optical properties of cadmium sulphide quantum dots in various ph values and surface modification by thioglycolic acid
    Siti Aisyah Shamsudin, Jenniver Junas
    Sains Malaysiana, 2018;47:2841-2849.
    Pengimejan tradisi mempunyai banyak kekurangan seperti mempunyai jangka hayat yang pendek serta bersaiz besar
    kerana sifat pendafluornya tidak tahan lama atau berlakunya pelunturanfoto. Melalui kajian ini, nanohablur kadmium
    sulfida dihasilkan dan berfungsi sebagai pengimejan titik kuantum yang sesuai dengan sifat optiknya yang pelbagai
    mengikut saiz zarahnya. Sifat optik titik kuantum kadmium sulfida (TK CdS) boleh dipengaruhi oleh saiz dan juga
    komposisi kimia TK seperti perubahan pH. Dalam kajian ini, sifat optik TK CdS dikaji terhadap perubahan nilai pH
    dengan menghasilkan TK CdS melalui kaedah koloidal. Kadmium asetat dihidrat (C4
    H6
    CdO4
    .2H2
    O) dan natrium sulfida
    (Na2
    S) digunakan sebagai sebagai bahan pemula bagi menghasilkan TK CdS. Nilai pH diubah suai dengan menitiskan
    natrium hidroksida (NaOH) ke dalam larutan TK CdS. Lima jenis larutan disediakan iaitu pada nilai pH5, pH7, pH8,
    pH9 dan pH10. Masalah penggumpalan sering berlaku semasa proses sintesis CdS. Oleh itu, kajian ini menggunakan
    asid tioglikolik (HSCH2
    CO2
    H) sebagai agen penstabil kepada TK CdS. Spektra keserapan UV memberi anjakan biru
    apabila TK CdS pada pH alkali kerana saiz nanohablur mengecil. Hasil daripada spektroskopi pendarfluor mendapati
    larutan yang mempunyai nilai pH8 memberi puncak yang tertinggi. Hal ini adalah kerana pada pH ini nanohablur
    mampu berubah pada posisi yang tepat dan membentuk TK CdS pada kehabluran yang tinggi. Oleh itu, mekanisme ini
    dapat membentuk perangkap lubang dan seterusnya eksiton terbentuk.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bivalvia
  12. Kepekatan logam di Tasik Bukit Merah, Perak
    Shuhaimi-Othman M, Ahmad A, Norziana G
    Sains Malaysiana, 2010;39.
    Kajian kepekatan logam dalam air di Tasik Bukit Merah telah dijalankan pada April 2009. Lima belas stesen persampelan telah dipilih dan sampel air permukaan bagi penentuan logam telah diambil. Beberapa parameter kualiti air seperti suhu, konduktiviti, oksigen terlarut, pH dan keliatan air telah ditentukan di setiap stesen. Sebanyak 11 jenis logam iaitu kadmium, zink, plumbum, kuprum, nikel, ferum, kobalt, aluminium, barium, kromium dan mangan (Mn) telah ditentukan dalam sampel air. Keputusan menunjukkan kepekatan semua logam kajian berada di bawah kepekatan maksimum yang dicadangkan oleh piawaian Malaysia dan antarabangsa bagi melindungi hidupan akuatik kecuali bagi logam Fe dan Al. Bagi parameter kualiti air, kajian menunjukkan semua parameter berada dalam julat kepekatan semula jadi (kelas I) berdasarkan Piawaian Kualiti Air Kebangsaan (NWQS Malaysia) kecuali oksigen terlarut dan pH di beberapa stesen persampelan terutama di bahagian timur tasik yang didapati dipengaruhi oleh faktor-faktor semula jadi dan antropogenik.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bivalvia
  13. Fulltext Written asthma action plan in emergency department improves knowledge and asthma control among adult acute asthma patients
    Shamsuriani, M.J., Norhidayah, M.S.
    Medicine & Health, 2020;15(1):218-224.
    MyJurnal
    Pengurusan kendiri asma menggunakan pelan tindakan asma secara bertulis (WAAP) penting dalam memastikan pengurusan asma yang berkesan kerana ia mengurangkan kadar kehadiran ke hospital. Kajian ini menilai peningkatan pengetahuan dan kawalan asma menggunakan WAAP di kalangan pesakit asma di Jabatan Kecemasan. Kajian cubaan kawalan rawak ini dijalankan selama 19 bulan di Jabatan Perubatan Kecemasan sebuah hospital universiti. Kajian ini melibatkan pesakit dewasa serangan asma ringan dan sederhana. Pesakit dibahagikan secara rawak kepada dua kumpulan iaitu kumpulan intervensi dan kawalan. Soal selidik pengetahuan penyakit asma diberikan pada pesakit. Pesakit dari kedua kumpulan menerima kaunseling tentang penyakit asma berdasarkan risalah asma yang telah disediakan. Kumpulan intervensi, kemudiannya menerima kaunseling WAAP mengikut keperluan individu tersebut. Kumpulan kawalan menerima kaunseling lisan berdasarkan perawatan. Susulan kajian dijalankan pada 1 dan 3 bulan. Pengetahuan penyakit asma dan kawalan penyakit asma dinilai melalui tinjauan telefon. Lima puluh pesakit telah dibahagikan secara rawak kepada kumpulan intervensi dan kawalan. Setiap kumpulan menerima 25 pesakit. Skor pengetahuan kumpulan intervensi jauh lebih tinggi daripada kawalan (16.88+0.44 vs 13.36+3.72; p19) pada 1 bulan berbanding kumpulan kawalan (20.64+3.26 vs 17.72+4.17). Kedua-dua kumpulan mencapai kawalan yang baik pada 3 bulan. Pengurusan kendiri asma dengan menggunakan WAAP di Jabatan Kecemasan meningkatkan pengetahuan dan kawalan asma di kalangan pesakit yang mendapat serangan asma ringan dan sederhana.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bivalvia
  14. Pengambilan logam berat Fe, Mn dan Cu oleh Melastoma malabathricum dalam tanih bekas lombong Pelepah Kanan, Kota Tinggi, Johor
    Sahibin Md. Rahim, Tukimat Lihan, Wan Mohd. Razi Idris, Chao LC
    Sains Malaysiana, 2006;35:23-30.
    Tumbuhan yang mempunyai kelimpahan tinggi dan boleh mengumpul logam berat dengan banyak boleh digunakan sebagai bio-penunjuk. Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk melihat kesesuaian Melastoma malabathricum sebagai bio-penunjuk bagi pencemar logam berat dalam tanih bekas lombong. Dalam kajian ini, lima belas sampel Melastoma malabathricum dan tanih telah diambil di tapak bekas lombong besi dan timah Pelepah Kanan Kota Tinggi, Johor. Tiga bahagian tumbuhan (akar, batang, daun) telah dianalisis untuk mengkaji penyerapan kandungan logam berat Cu, Fe dan Mn. Parameter tanih yang dikaji meliputi parameter fizikal dan kimia. Hasil kajian taburan saiz partikel tanih menunjukkan kebanyakan tanih di kawasan kajian adalah jenis berpasir dan bertekstur pasir berlom. Kandungan bahan organik adalah sekitar 1.45 hingga 5.91%. Nilai pH bagi tanih di kawasan kajian adalah sekitar 3.55 hingga 5.68 iaitu bersifat sangat asid ke asid. Kekonduksian elektrik tanih adalah antara 2.14 hingga 2.58 mS/cm. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa, kepekatan logam-logam berat dalam tanih ialah 12070 hingga 65545 mg/kg bagi Fe, 1070.3 hingga 11956.3 mg/kg bagi Mn dan 386.5 hingga 4753.2 mg/kg bagi Cu. Kandungan logam-logam berat dalam bahagian-bahagian tumbuhan pula adalah mengikut turutan seperti berikut; Fe>Mn>Cu. Didapati bahawa spesies tumbuhan Melastoma malabathricurn adalah sesuai sebagai penunjuk biologi logam berat Fe dan Mn.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bivalvia
  15. Kandungan logam berat terpilih dalam tanih dan tumbuhan Arundina graminifolia dari kawasan Lombong Pelepah Kanan, Kota Tinggi, Johor, Malaysia
    Sahibin Abd. Rahim, Zulfahmi Ali Rahman, Wan Mohd Razi Idris, Azman Hashim, Tukimat Lihan, Muhd Barzani Gasim, et al.
    Sains Malaysiana, 2009;38.
    Kajian kandungan logam berat Cd, Co, Cr, Ni, Pb, dan Zn telah dilakukan ke atas tumbuhan Arundina graminifolia daripada kawasan Lombong Pelepah Kanan, Kota Tinggi, Johor. Kandungan logam berat yang sama turut ditentukan ke atas substrata tanih di tempat di mana tumbuhan itu diambil. Kandungan logam berat dalam tiga bahagian tumbuhan iaitu akar, batang dan daun telah diekstrak secara penghadaman basah manakala kandungan logam berat tersedia dan resistan dalam tanih diekstrak dengan kaedah pengekstrakan berjujukan. Kandungan logam berat jumlah didapati dengan menjumlahkan logam berat tersedia dengan logam berat resistant. Kandungan logam berat di dalam larutan ekstrak tanih dan tumbuhan ditentukan menggunakan Spektrofotometer Serapan Atom Nyalaan. Kandungan logam berat Cd, Cr, Ni dan Pb adalah setara kandungannya dalam semua bahagian tumbuhan manakala kepekatan Co dan Zn adalah tiga hingga lima kali lebih tinggi berbanding tumbuhan kawalan. Bagi kandungan logam berat di dalam bahagian tumbuhan yang berbeza didapati kepekatan Cd adalah lebih tinggi dalam akar (2.03 mg/kg) diikuti oleh daun (1.67 mg/kg) dan batang (1.49 mg/kg). Kepekatan Co adalah lebih tinggi dalam daun (9.26 mg/kg) diikuti oleh akar (9.18 mg/kg) dan batang (6.94 mg/kg). Kepekatan Cr mengikut susunan menurun adalah akar (0.46 mg/kg) > daun (0.19 mg/kg) > batang (0.08 mg/kg). Kepekatan Ni adalah lebih tinggi dalam daun (2.78 mg/kg) diikuti oleh akar (2.71 mg/kg) dan batang (1.66 mg/kg). Kepekatan Pb mengikut susunan menurun adalah akar (10.34 mg/kg) > daun (4.18 mg/kg) > batang (3.75 mg/kg). Kepekatan Zn lebih tinggi dalam daun (44.03 mg/kg) diikuti oleh akar (32.30 mg/kg) dan batang (13.21 mg/kg). Kandungan logam berat jumlah dalam tanih adalah masing-masing 2.07-5.59 mg/kg, 8.72-39.93 mg/kg, 1.81-2.14 mg/kg, 2.66-6.87 mg/kg, 23.02-51.56 mg/kg and 0.64-2.61 mg/kg bagi Ni, Zn, Cd, Pb, Co dan Cr. Didapati bahawa kandungan fraksi tersedia dalam tanih adalah 21.9% bagi Ni, 15.3% bagi Zn, 49.9% bagi Cd, 19.3% bagi Pb, 45.7% bagi Co and 0% bagi Cr. Koefisien penyerapan biologi tumbuhan ke atas logam berat yang dikaji adalah rendah keculai bagi Zn yang nilainya lebih daripada 1. Tumbuhan ini tidak sesuai digunakan sebagai agen fitoremediasi untuk logam-logam di atas.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bivalvia
  16. Pengambilan logam berat oleh pokok daun kari (Murraya koenigi) dalam tanih ultrabes dari Felda Rokan Barat, Kuala Pilah, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
    Sahibin A, Wanmohd Razi I., Zulfahmi A, Tukimat L, Akjalaludin A, Azman H, et al.
    Sains Malaysiana, 2013;42:289-299.
    Kajian ini telah dijalankan di kawasan tanih ultrabes di Felda Rokan Barat, Kuala Pilah, Negeri Sembilan. Sebanyak lima belas sampel tumbuhan dan substratnya telah diambil dari kawasan kajian dengan kaedah berkelompok. Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk menentukan kandungan logam berat Fe, Ni, Cr, Mn, Co, Zn, Cu, Cd dan Pb di dalam tanih dan bahagian akar, batang dan daun tumbuhan. Koefisien penyerapan biologi (BAC) ditentukan secara perkiraan. Kandungan logam berat di dalam tumbuhan diekstrak secara penghadaman basah manakala kandungan di dalam tanih diekstrak dengan kaedah pengekstrakan berjujukan. Kandungan logam berat di dalam larutan ekstrak tanih dan tumbuhan ditentukan menggunakan spektrofotometer penyerapan atom kaedah nyalaan (FAAS). Hasil kajian menunjukkan kepekatan logam berat paling tinggi dalam substrat pokok daun kari Murraya koenigi adalah Fe, diikuti oleh Mn, Cr, Co, Ni, Zn, Cu, Cd dan Pb dengan purata kepekatan masing-masing sebanyak 1699.64 mg/kg, 532.59 mg/kg, 212.43 mg/kg, 195.02 mg/kg, 174.97 mg/kg, 48.11 mg/kg, 43.86 mg/kg, 3.65 mg/kg dan 0.48 mg/kg. Kepekatan logam berat tersedia bagi Mn dan Pb
    adalah lebih tinggi berbanding logam berat tersedia yang lain berdasarkan peratus. Kandungan Fe dan Mn adalah tinggi di dalam semua bahagian tumbuhan. Walau bagaimanapun, berdasarkan nilai purata kumulatif BAC, hanya logam Pb menunjukkan nilai penimbunan yang agak tinggi dalam tumbuhan. Kajian ini menunjukkan pokok daun kari (Murraya koenigi) bukan tumbuhan penumpuk logam berat berdasarkan kepada nilai BACnya yang rendah.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bivalvia
  17. Fulltext Pembangunan ujian teks bacaan perkataan berkait bahasa melayu Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
    Rokiah Omar, Noorhaililah Bauri, Zainora Mohammed
    Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia, 2015;13(1):0-0.
    MyJurnal
    Ujian teks bacaan Bahasa Melayu telah dibangunkan untuk menilai prestasi membaca kanak-kanak sekolah rendah.
    Seramai 120 pelajar Tahap 1 (purata umur 8.5 ± 0.5 tahun) dan Tahap 2 (purata umur 10.5 ± 0.5 tahun) berpenglihatan
    normal telah dipilih secara rawak. Subjek diminta membaca lima teks bacaan secara rawak dengan kuat. Masa selesai
    membaca setiap teks bacaan diukur dan sebarang kesalahan menyebut perkataan direkodkan. Purata kelajuan membaca
    dan kadar membaca diukur sebagai perkataan per minit (ppm). Kelajuan membaca Tahap 1 adalah 88.81 ± 1.95 {ralat
    piawai (RP)} ppm dan kadar membaca pula adalah 87.20 ± 1.98 (RP) ppm. Bagi Tahap 2, kelajuan membaca adalah
    108.12 ± 1.66 (RP) ppm manakala kadar membaca adalah 107.22 ± 1.67 (RP) ppm. Kelajuan dan kadar membaca di
    antara subjek bagi setiap teks bacaan menunjukkan tiada perbezaan yang signifi kan (p > 0.05) dengan nilai p bagi
    kedua-duanya adalah 0.91 manakala bagi tahap 2 pula nilai p adalah 0.57. Perbandingan di antara teks bacaan juga
    menunjukkan tiada perbezaan yang signifi kan (p > 0.05). Semua teks bacaan adalah homogen secara statistik maka teks
    bacaan yang dibangunkan boleh dipilih secara rawak semasa ujian dan tidak akan memberi kesan kepada penilaian
    prestasi membaca di kalangan kanak-kanak sekolah rendah.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bivalvia
  18. Fulltext Gangguan penglihatan dan kualiti hidup warga emas di pusat jagaan
    Rokiah Omar, Knight, Victor Feizal, Nur Zakiah Mohd Saat, Sazlina Kamaralzaman, Sharifah N. Syed Alwi
    Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia, 2011;9(1):23-27.
    MyJurnal
    Fungsi penglihatan dipengaruhi oleh proses penuaan dan tanpa intervensi yang bersesuaian boleh mengakibatkan kemerosotan tahap penglihatan. Keadaan ini jika berterusan akan mengakibatkan kesukaran melakukan aktiviti kehidupan seharian dan memberi kesan kepada kualiti hidup kepada warga emas. Kajian ini mengkaji kesan gangguan penglihatan terhadap aktiviti harian dan kualiti hidup warga emas. Ukuran yang dilakukan ialah tahap penglihatan jauh menggunakan carta LogMAR untuk menilai gangguan penglihatan. Ujian kualiti hidup dilaksanakan menggunakan soalan kualiti hidup penglihatan terhad (LVQOL) dan ujian keupayaan melakukan aktiviti harian menggunakan indeks Barthel (BI). Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa gangguan fungsi penglihatan bertambah teruk dengan peningkatan umur, begitu juga didapati bahawa BI berkurangan apabila fungsi penglihatan merosot. Skor kualiti hidup LVQOL pula berkurangan bersama-sama kemerosotan tahap penglihatan. Tiga puluh lima peratus warga emas dalam kajian ini memerlukan intervensi optometri dan penglihatan terhad, Kesimpulannya, kemerosotan tahap fungsi penglihatan di kalangan warga emas boleh menyebabkan penurunan keupayaan dalam melakukan aktiviti harian. Di samping itu, akuiti visual yang tidak dibetulkan akan menyebabkan penurunan kualiti hidup warga emas.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bivalvia
  19. Asian Mussel Watch Program: contamination status of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and organochlorines in coastal waters of Asian countries
    Ramu K, Kajiwara N, Sudaryanto A, Isobe T, Takahashi S, Subramanian A, et al.
    Environ Sci Technol, 2007 Jul 01;41(13):4580-6.
    PMID: 17695900
    Mussel samples were used in this study to measure the levels of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and organochlorines (OCs) in the coastal waters of Asian countries like Cambodia, China, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Vietnam. PBDEs were detected in all the samples analyzed, and the concentrations ranged from 0.66 to 440 ng/g lipid wt. Apparently higher concentrations of PBDEs were found in mussels from the coastal waters of Korea, Hong Kong, China, and the Philippines, which suggests that significant sources of these chemicals exist in and around this region. With regard to the composition of PBDE congeners, BDE-47, BDE-99, and BDE-100 were the dominant congeners in most of the samples. Among the OCs analyzed, concentrations of DDTs were the highest followed by PCBs > CHLs > HCHs > HCB. Total concentrations of DDTs, PCBs, CHLs, and HCHs in mussel samples ranged from 21 to 58 000, 3.8 to 2000, 0.93 to 900, and 0.90 to 230 ng/g lipid wt., respectively. High levels of DDTs were found in mussels from Hong Kong, Vietnam, and China; PCBs were found in Japan, Hong Kong, and industrialized/urbanized locations in Korea, Indonesia, the Philippines, and India; CHLs were found in Japan and Hong Kong; HCHs were found in India and China. These countries seem to play a role as probable emission sources of corresponding contaminants in Asia and, in turn, may influence their global distribution.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bivalvia/metabolism*
  20. Ciri-ciri panggilan katak Borneo (genus: Hylarana) daripada populasi Sarawak, Malaysia
    Ramlah Zainudin, Badrul Munir Mohd Zain, Shukor Mohd Nor, Norhayati Ahmad, Mustafa Abdul Rahman, Inger. RF
    Sains Malaysiana, 2009;38.
    Rakaman panggilan katak Borneo daripada genus Hylarana telah dijalankan di tujuh lokasi kajian di Sarawak, Malaysia. Sebanyak 12 individu daripada lima spesies katak Borneo telah berjaya dirakam dan dianalisis. Daripada 38 pembolehubah panggilan, hanya 27 daripadanya dapat menerangkan ciri-ciri panggilan daripada katak Hylarana Borneo. Saiz katak jantan mempengaruhi secara signifikan tenaga panggilan antara 90:50% amplitud puncak, tempoh nadi di antara 50%, nisbah tempoh panggilan untuk mencapai setengah modulasi frekuensi dan kadar ulangan not. Saiz katak Hylarana Borneo sedikit mempengaruhi frekuensi asas dan dominan panggilan. Di samping itu, taburan pembolehubah panggilan katak dan dendogram Euclid menyokong identiti taksonomi bagi setiap spesies katak Borneo Hylarana.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bivalvia
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