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The supplementation of levothyroxine among indigenous people in endemic goitre areas: The impact of therapy

Zaleha MI, Osman A, Iskandar ZA, Sazali S, Ali MM, Roslan I, et al.

Asia Pac J Clin Nutr, 1998 Jun;7(2):138-50.
PMID: 24393641

In order to study the effect of levothyroxine in the treatment of endemic goitre, a longitudinal study was conducted among the Aborigines in Lanai Post and Sinderut Post, situated in an iodine-deficient area located in the district of Kuala Lipis, Pahang. All subjects in the treatment group (Lanai Post) were given 100 µg of levothyroxine per day and were followed for 1 1/2 years. A total of 311 subjects were examined at baseline, 323 on the first, 256 on the second, 239 on the third and 184 on the fourth visit following levothyroxine supplementation. Goitre prevalence, thyroid hormones, thyroid volume, nutritional status, urinary iodine levels, arterial blood pressure and mental performance were determined. Following the intervention, goitre prevalence was significantly reduced in the treatment group (baseline 42.8% vs final visit 13.0%, p<0.0001); however, no significant difference was noted in the control group. Total T4 levels were increased in the treatment group (p<0.0001), while a significant reduction was noted in the control group (p<0.0001). Thyroid-stimulating hormone levels increased significantly in the treatment group following 1 year of intervention, while no significant changes were observed in the control group. As for the thyroid volume, both groups showed a significant increment following the intervention (p<0.0001). With respect to the nutritional status, the treatment group showed a significant increase in body weight following the intervention (p<0.05). In addition, the mid-arm circumference and body mass index also increased after 1 year of intervention. However, the control group showed a reduction in the waist-hip ratio (p<0.0001). Although there was no statistical difference in the waist-hip ratio in the treatment group, there has been a significant reduction observed after 1 year of intervention. At 1 year, a reduction in skinfold thickness was noted in the treatment group while only the triceps and subscapular were increased in the control group. The body fat was decreased in the treatment group following 1 year of intervention (p<0.0001). No particular trend was noted in the urinary iodine excretion in the treatment group, but surprisingly, the levels were increased in the control group (p<0.0001). A significant increase in both systolic and diastolic blood pressures was observed in the treatment group following 1 year of intervention, but the controls showed a reduction in the systolic blood pressure (p<0.0001). Both groups showed a remarkable increase in mental performance, with a more pronounced effect in the treatment group (p<0.05). The correction of iodine deficiency by levothyroxine supplementation has a short-term beneficial effect in reducing the prevalence of goitre and improving the mental ability among the Aborigines in endemic areas; however, proper monitoring and close supervision are needed to maintain compliance.

Matched MeSH terms: Control Groups
Fulltext The prevalence of hand arm vibration syndrome among automobile assembly workers

Shamsul Bahri Mohd Tamrin, Nor MaizuraYusoff, Anita Abd Rahman, Dayana Hazwani, M.S.N., Mansour A. Balkhyour

Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 2016;16(20):128-136.
MyJurnal

The objectives of this study are to determine the prevalence of hand-arm vibration (HAVS) among the automobile
assembly workers and the associated risks. A cross sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of
HAVS and also ascertain the association between HAVS and reduction in VPT among workers using vibration hand held
tool in automobile industry. Aim of this study was to determine the prevalence Hand Arm Vibration Syndrome
(HAVS) among vibrating hand held tool exposed workers. A cross sectional study design using structured
questionnaire and invasive measurement of vibrotactile perception threshold (VPT) at the fingertips was conducted
in one of the automobile company in Klang Valley. All the respondents were hand arm vibration exposed workers. A
total 109 assembly line workers with at least one year job tenure participated in this study. The finding revealed
that 27.5% of workers reported HAVS through questionnaire. This study consisted of 109 respondents. All of them
were male. The mean age was 32.9 years. The mean daily vibration exposure for 8-hours was 1.41m/s2. There was
11% of the tools measured were above the Action Level recommended by European Union Directive 2002. The overall
prevalence of HAVS based on reported symptom through questionnaire was 27.5%. None of the respondent reported
any whiteness at their fingers due to exposure to vibration. However, 36.7% of the respondent reported tingling
sensation and 57.8 % reported the feeling of numbness in their hands. Only 10.1% claim that the pain was
persistence. Since this study was done among exposed workers without control group, the thresholds were measured
by comparing the observed VPT with the VPT of healthy population provided by ISO 13091-2. The result showed that
98.2% of the respondent in this study having positive threshold which indicate the percentage of respondent that
having deterioration in finger tactile perception. The positive threshold from comparison above showed that the
respondent of this study was affected with the vibration exposure. The value proven that the exposure has caused
the deterioration of tactile sensitivity in 98.2% of respondent in this study which showed by having positive threshold
compared to healthy population. The result also showed that there was a significant correlation between daily
vibration exposure A (8) and VPT at both frequency tested which was 31.5Hz (r = 0.417, p = 0.002) and 125Hz (r =
0.480, p = 0.001). Even though the mean daily vibration exposure for 8-hours was low and below the recommended
level, the workers still exposed to the effect of hand arm vibration.

Matched MeSH terms: Control Groups
Fulltext The prevalence of bronchopulmonary infection among patients with rheumatoid arthritis versus non rheumatoid arthritis patients

Arshad A, Rashid R

Malays J Med Sci, 2008 Apr;15(2):24-8.
PMID: 22589621

A high frequency of bronchopulmonary infections complicating rheumatoid arthritis has been described in reports of case series. This study was undertaken to confirm and compare these finding in patients with RA and control. 117 patients with RA and 103 patients with OA/soft tissue rheumatism as controls. Study subjects were studied using their medical records available from hospitals' casenotes and GP data base. Details of all documented bronchopulmonary infections for the preceding year including lower and upper respiratory tract infections were recorded. Details of hospital admissions due to bronchopulmonary infection, antibiotic usage and functional capacity were also recorded. Mean age for RA was 56 and 59 for control. There were 34 males and 83 females in RA group, however, 14 males and 55 females in control group. There were at least 1 episodes of BPI in 66.7% (p<0.05) patients with RA and 48.5% in control. 69.2% (p<0.05) of subgroup patients with RA were noted to have poorer functional capacity compared to 50% in control. More RA patients with BPI (15%) (p<0.05) were admitted to hospital compared to control (3.8%). Significance findings were noted in terms of prevalence of BPI in RA patients compared to controls as well as patients with RA have severe course of BPI warranting hospitalization. RA patients with poorer functional capacity also noted to have high incidence of BPI.
Study site: Rheumatology clinic, Hospital Alor Setar, Kedah, Malaysia

Matched MeSH terms: Control Groups
The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in patients with oesophageal stenosis

Ylmaz Ö, Temur A, Almal N, Dülger AC, Sasmaz MI

Trop Biomed, 2018 Dec 01;35(4):1148-1153.
PMID: 33601862

Oesophageal strictures often occur following esophagectomy which is performed for cases of oesophageal cancer. These patients require repeated dilation procedures. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of dietary regimens, which are changed because of stenosis, caused by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). In this retrospective study, 28 patients who had operation for oesophageal cancer and underwent dilation due to development of stricture were studied. 30 female and 30 male patients who were admitted to the Gastroenterology Clinic with complaints of dyspepsia and did not receive treatment for the eradication of H. pylori were randomly selected and included in this study as a control group. Patients' histopathological records on the hemogram, biochemistry, and endoscopic biopsy were analysed. There were 26 H. pylori (+) cases (92.8 %) in the stenosis group consisting of 28 patients, and 37 H. pylori (+) cases (61.6%) in the control group consisting of 60 patients. These results were found to be statistically significant (P=0.003). The albumin level in the stenosis group was reported to be statistically low (P=0.002). The incidence of H. pylori was found to be significantly higher in patients with stenosis. We ascribed this outcome due to changes in dietary regimens. Our findings showed that the dietary regimens of all patients who underwent esophagectomy should be regulated during the postoperative period considering H. pylori. The relationship between H. pylori and stenosis was significant, there is a need for further research with a larger sample size to enrich the findings.

Matched MeSH terms: Control Groups
Fulltext The positive expression of genotype VII Newcastle disease virus (Malaysian isolate) in Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica)

Mazlan LF, Bachek NF, Mahamud SNA, Idris LH, Wei TS, Omar AR, et al.

Vet World, 2017 May;10(5):542-548.
PMID: 28620260 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2017.542-548

AIM: Genotype VII Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is the most predominant NDV strains that circulating in Malaysia; thus, this study was aimed to determine the susceptibility of Japanese quails toward genotype VII NDV. Clinical signs, gross pathological lesions of organs, positive detection of virus in organs and cloacal swabs, as well as the expression of the antibody titer, were used as parameters to assess the susceptibility of Japanese quails following infection of genotype VII NDV.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: About 20 quails were divided into three groups (n=8 for Groups A and B; n=4 for the control group). The quails in the Groups A and B were infected via intraocular route with 0.03 ml of 103.5 ELD50 and 107.0 ELD50 of NDV strain IBS 002, respectively, while the control group received 1× phosphate-buffered saline. Cloacal swabs and necropsy were taken on day 7 post-infection for all quails were subjected to one-step reverse transcription real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) for detection of virus and examination for gross pathological lesion, respectively. Blood serums of infected quails were taken on day 10, 14, and 21 post-day infections and were subjected for hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay.
RESULTS: Depression and ruffled feathers, trachea rales, leg paralysis, and torticollis were shown in some of the quails in both infected groups. Based on statistical analysis, there was no significant difference (p>0.05) in clinical signs between the infected groups. The results for RT-qPCR were found to be negative for all groups, and no gross pathological lesions of organs observed for quails in both infected groups. Trachea, proventriculus, and cecal tonsil were taken for the detection of NDV by RT-qPCR, and some of the organ samples showed positive detection of virus in both infected groups. HI assay showed an increase in mean titers of antibody across time and between infected groups.
CONCLUSION: In summary, Japanese quails are susceptible to genotype VII NDV based on parameters assessed.

Matched MeSH terms: Control Groups
Fulltext The polycystic ovarian syndrome and infertility: a metabolic disorder that needs early diagnosis and treatment

Arumugam, K., Majeed, N.A.

JUMMEC, 2011;14(1):6-9.
MyJurnal

We investigated the association between polycystic ovarian syndrome, dyslipidemia and glucose intolerance in a cross sectional analysis comparing 50 patients with polycystic ovary syndrome and 50 patients without the disease (control group) who were attending the Infertility clinic. Variables of interest were their body-mass index (Kg/m2), fasting and blood glucose levels after a 75 gram oral glucose tolerance test and their total cholesterol (mmol/L), total triglycerides (mmol/L), high density cholesterol lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (mmol/L) and, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (mmol/L) levels. Except for HDL where significantly lower values were observed, significantly higher levels were detected in patients with PCOS than that of the control group. The difference persisted even when the obesity index were adjusted and matched. We conclude that both glucose intolerance and dyslipidemia were significantly associated with PCOS irrespective of the obesity index.

Matched MeSH terms: Control Groups
Fulltext The influence of the bowel and bladder preparation protocol for radiotherapy of prostate cancer using kilo-voltage cone beam CT: Our experience

Heng SP, Low SH, Sivamany K

Indian J Cancer, 2015 Oct-Dec;52(4):639-44.
PMID: 26960504 DOI: 10.4103/0019-509X.178386

The purpose of this study is to determine the influence of bladder and bowel preparation protocols on the dose-volume histograms (DVHs) of these organs using the cone beam computed tomography (CBCT)-based intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) treatment planning for prostate cancer patients. The pelvic DVHs of 12 prostate cancer patients were studied using CBCT images obtained immediately before each treatment. Six patients had bladder and bowel preparation protocol whilst the other six patients were the control group. Contoured bladder and rectal volumes on CBCT images were compared with planning computed tomography. All patients were treated with IMRT with 7800 cGy in 39 fractions over 8 weeks. Compared with the patient with bladder preparation protocol, patients without bladder preparation instruction had higher bladder volume and dose variation. The maximum variation in bladder volume was as high as 98% in the control group. Without bowel preparation protocol, the rectal volumes were more variability. Owing to changes in rectal filling on the day of treatment, the maximum variation in rectal volume was as high as + 96%. With bowel preparation protocol, the maximum rectum volume variations were less than 25%. The changes in prostate target dose compared with planning dose were minimal as would be expected from positioning with daily image guidance and gold seed implanted.

Matched MeSH terms: Control Groups
The impact of adult trauma triage training on decision-making skills and accuracy of triage decision at emergency departments in Malaysia: A randomized control trial

Ghazali SA, Abdullah KL, Moy FM, Ahmad R, Hussin EOD

Int Emerg Nurs, 2020 07;51:100889.
PMID: 32622225 DOI: 10.1016/j.ienj.2020.100889

INTRODUCTION: Patients who visit emergency departments need to undergo a precise assessment to determine their priority and accurate triage category to ensure they receive the right treatment.
AIM: To identify the effect of triage training on the skills and accuracy of triage decisions for adult trauma patients.
METHOD: A randomized controlled trial design was conducted in ten emergency department of public hospitals. A total of 143 registered nurses and medical officer assistants who performed triage roles were recruited for the control group (n = 74) and the intervention group (n = 69). The skill and accuracy of triage decisions were measured two weeks and four weeks after the intervention group were exposed to the intervention.
RESULTS: There was a significant effect on the skill of triage decision-making between the control and the intervention group p control group and the intervention group p

Matched MeSH terms: Control Groups
Fulltext The impact of a multifaceted intervention to reduce potentially inappropriate prescribing among discharged older adults: a before-and-after study

Akkawi ME, Nik Mohamed MH, Md Aris MA

J Pharm Policy Pract, 2020;13:39.
PMID: 32695426 DOI: 10.1186/s40545-020-00236-0

Background: Potentially inappropriate prescribing (PIP) is associated with the incidence of adverse drug reactions, drug-related hospitalization and other negative outcomes in older adults. After hospitalization, older adults might be discharged with several types of PIPs. Studies have found that the lack of healthcare professionals' (HCPs) knowledge regarding PIP is one of the major contributing factors in this issue. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of a multifaceted intervention on physicians' and clinical pharmacists' behavior regarding potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) and potential prescribing omission (PPO) among hospitalized older adults.
Methods: This is a before-and-after study that took place in a tertiary Malaysian hospital. Discharge medications of patients ≥65 years old were reviewed to identify PIMs/PPOs using version 2 of the STOPP/START criteria. The prevalence and pattern of PIM/PPO before and after the intervention were compared. The intervention targeted the physicians and clinical pharmacists and it consisted of academic detailing and a newly developed smartphone application (app).
Results: The study involved 240 patients before (control group) and 240 patients after the intervention. The prevalence of PIM was 22% and 27% before and after the intervention, respectively (P = 0.213). The prevalence of PPO in the intervention group was significantly lower than that in the control group (42% Vs. 53.3%); P = 0.014. This difference remained statistically significant after controlling for other variables (P = 0.015). The intervention was effective in reducing the two most common PPOs; the omission of vitamin D supplements in patients with a history of falls (P = 0.001) and the omission of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor in patients with coronary artery disease (P = 0.03).
Conclusions: The smartphone app coupled with academic detailing was effective in reducing the prevalence of PPO at discharge. However, it did not significantly affect the prevalence or pattern of PIM.

Matched MeSH terms: Control Groups
The excretion and environmental effects of amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin, and doxycycline residues in layer chicken manure

Peng PC, Wang Y, Liu LY, Zou YD, Liao XD, Liang JB, et al.

Poult Sci, 2016 May;95(5):1033-41.
PMID: 26944981 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew013

The excretion rates and ecological risk to the environment of three commonly used veterinary antibiotics (VAs), amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin, and doxycycline, in layer hen manure during the application and withdrawal periods were investigated in a study consisting of a control group fed with VA-free basal diet and nine treatment groups consisted of three levels (200 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, and 50 mg/kg) of amoxicillin (AMX), ciprofloxacin (CIP), or doxycycline (DOC). Each treatment group was replicated seven times with three layer hens per replication. Results of the study showed that the average excretion rates of AMX in the 200, 100, and 50 mg/kg groups were 67.88, 55.82, and 66.15%, respectively, while those for CIP and DOC were 47.84, 51.85, and 44.87% and 82.67, 94.39, and 95.72%, respectively. The concentrations of the above veterinary drugs in manure decreased sharply in the withdrawal period (7, 28, and 10 d, respectively), for AMX, DOC, and CIP. Neither AMX nor DOC was detected in the manure after the withdrawal period. In contrast to AMX and DOC, the excretion rate of CIP was significantly lower and thus had a longer residence time. Ecological risk study, estimated using hazard quotient values, showed that AMX in the 100 and 50 mg/kg groups posed no risk to the environment after d 1 of withdrawal, while CIP in the 50 mg/kg group posed no risk to the environment from d 5 of withdrawal. CIP in the 200 and 100 mg/kg groups required 10 d withdrawal in order to pose no risk to the environment. In contrast, DOC residue during withdrawal in the manure posed no risk to the environment, thus making it more environmentally safe.

Matched MeSH terms: Control Groups
The efficacy of pulsed radiofrequency intervention of the lumbar dorsal root ganglion in patients with chronic lumbar radicular pain

Marliana A, Yudianta S, Subagya DW, Setyopranoto I, Setyaningsih I, Tursina Srie C, et al.

Med J Malaysia, 2020 03;75(2):124-129.
PMID: 32281592

INTRODUCTION: In recent years, pulsed radiofrequency (PR) has been used as a minimally invasive pain intervention. However, various studies on the efficacy of PR as modalities for the treatment of radicular pain in lumbar disc herniation have had varied results.
OBJECTIVE: This study aims to determine the efficacy of PR in reducing radicular pain among lumbar disc herniation patients compared with conservative treatment.
METHODS: This study was conducted using the before-andafter quasi experimental design. There were 50 subjects that fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria and they were divided into an intervention group (n=25) and control group (n=25). The intervention group was given once PR in the dorsal root ganglion. All subjects were assessed for Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) before treatment, at 1- , 2- and 4-week after treatment.
RESULTS: At1-, 2- and 4-week, the VAS reduction in the intervention group was statistically significant compared to the control group. Four weeks after the intervention, the VAS score decreased in the intervention group (mean VAS -78.5, SD 16.8) more significantly compared to the control group (p<0.001). The ODI score decreased in the intervention group (mean ODI -61.8, SD 20.1) more significantly than in the control group (p<0.001).
CONCLUSION: Finding showed that at1- , 2- and 4-weekPR was more efficacious in reducing radicular pain among lumbar disc herniation patients compared to the conservative therapy.

Matched MeSH terms: Control Groups
Fulltext The effects of virgin coconut oil on bone oxidative status in ovariectomised rat

Abujazia MA, Muhammad N, Shuid AN, Soelaiman IN

Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2012;2012:525079.
PMID: 22927879 DOI: 10.1155/2012/525079

Virgin coconut oil (VCO) was found to have antioxidant property due to its high polyphenol content. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the virgin coconut oil on lipid peroxidation in the bone of an osteoporotic rat model. Normal female Sprague-Dawley rats aged 3 months old were randomly divided into 4 groups, with 8 rats in each group: baseline, sham, ovariectomised (OVX) control group, and OVX given 8% VCO in the diet for six weeks. The oxidative status of the bone was assessed by measuring the index of lipid peroxidation, which is malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, as well as the endogenous antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the tibia at the end of the study. The results showed that there was a significant decrease in MDA levels in the OVX-VCO group compared to control group. Ovariectomised rats treated with VCO also had significantly higher GPX concentration. The SOD level seemed to be increased in the OVX-VCO group compared to OVX-control group. In conclusion, VCO prevented lipid peroxidation and increased the antioxidant enzymes in the osteoporotic rat model.

Matched MeSH terms: Control Groups
The effects of prebiotic, probiotic, and synbiotic supplementation on blood parameters of renal function: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials

Firouzi S, Haghighatdoost F

Nutrition, 2018 02 06;51-52:104-113.
PMID: 29626749 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2018.01.007

OBJECTIVES: Recent studies have demonstrated promising results regarding possible improvements in renal function after prebiotic, probiotic, and synbiotic supplementation. The aim of this review was to demonstrate whether such supplementation will improve renal profile indexes including glomerular filtration rate (GFR), creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), uric acid (UA), and urea.
METHOD: The meta-analysis included all studies that examined the effect of prebiotic, probiotic, and synbiotic supplements on one or more renal function parameters and had a control group. We searched July 1967 through to March 2016 MEDLINE, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases.
RESULTS: Of 437 studies, 13 were eligible for inclusion in the meta-analysis. GFR levels tended to be reduced; whereas creatinine levels increased in the intervention group compared with the placebo group, both in a non-significant manner. The pooled effect on BUN demonstrated a significant decline compared with the placebo group (MD, -1.72 mmol/L; 95% confidence interval [CI], -2.93 to -0.51; P = 0.005). Urea significantly decreased after intervention (-0.46 mmol/L; 95% CI, -0.60 to -0.32; P <0.0001). The UA levels significantly increased in the intervention group compared with the placebo group (12.28 µmol/L; 95% CI, 0.85-23.71; P = 0.035).
CONCLUSION: This study showed a significant increase in UA and a decrease in urea and BUN. The use of prebiotic, probiotic, and synbiotic supplements among those with compromised renal function or those at risk for renal failure should be limited until large-scale, well-designed randomized controlled trials prove the safety and efficacy of these supplements in improving renal function.

Matched MeSH terms: Control Groups
Fulltext The effects of plyometric training on the muscle physical changes among long jumpers

Prabhu Ragawan, Ruaibah Yazani Tengah

Jurnal Sains Sukan & Pendidikan Jasmani, 2018;7(1):62-70.
MyJurnal

This study aim to examine the effectiveness of plyometric training on muscle physical changes. 24 long jumpers under 12 year old from Cameron Highland were involved in this study. 12 participants were in the control group and another 12 were assigned into treatment group. The training program was conducted twice a week for six weeks. Girth of thigh and calf muscles measurement were conducted during pre-test and post-test. The data were analyzed using descriptive analysis and two-way ANOVA test to determine the mean differences between groups, trial period and interaction of group and trial period. The findings showed that calf and thigh circumference show an improvement for both treatment and control group, in which the treatment group had gained significantly higher achievement. The two-way ANOVA test showed significant differences in enlargement of thigh muscle and calf muscle diameter between groups and trial period. As a conclusion, the plyometric exercises increased circumference of the thigh muscles and calf muscles among long jumpers. The implication of the study is that the proper plyometric training with an appropriate load for primary school athletes need to be implemented to achieve peak performance.

Matched MeSH terms: Control Groups
Fulltext The effects of plyometric training on speed, agility and power components among under-16 athletes

Yusop Ahmad, Nur Fifie Shakilla Diekin

Jurnal Sains Sukan & Pendidikan Jasmani, 2020;9(2):63-69.
MyJurnal

This study was conducted to determine the effects of plyometric training on power, speed and agility on under 16 athletes. Thirty-two males from various background of sports were randomly selected as subjects. Subjects were divided into two groups which are intervention (N=16) and control (N=16). Subjects performed training for five weeks. Test batteries used includes 30-m sprint, 30 feet shuttle run and vertical jump to look at the effects of plyometric training given. Data that were obtained was analysed using T-test. Analysis showed that treatment group manage to improve performance in all the three tests while no significant differences between pre and post-test among control group for all the three tests. Based on the result, plyometric training that were given could improve power, speed and agility.

Matched MeSH terms: Control Groups
Fulltext The effects of palm vitamin E supplementation on glycemic control and lipid profile in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Siti Balkis Budin, Abdul Gapor Mohd Top, Wan Nazaimoon Wan Mohamud, Mokhtar Abu Bakar, Khairul Osman, Yau, Monica Swee Eng, et al.

Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia, 2005;3(1):1-12.
MyJurnal

In this study, the effects of palm vitamin E (PV) supplementation on glycemic control and lipid profile in diabetic-induce Sprague-Dawley rats have been evaluated. Diabetes in the rats was induced by a single intravenous streptozotocin (50 mg/kg body weight). The diabetic rats were divided into two groups; supplemented with 200 mg/kg body weight/day of PV and non-supplemented with PV (No PV group). Non-diabetic rats (NDM) formed the control group and only received saline injection. After eight weeks of daily supplementation, PV significantly lowered the fasting blood glucose (FBG) and glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels (p

Matched MeSH terms: Control Groups
Fulltext The effects of modality imagery training on overhead skill performance in volleyball game

Yusop Ahmad, Nur Haziyanti Mohamad Khalid, Trevor Glen Philip

Jurnal Sains Sukan & Pendidikan Jasmani, 2012;1(1):82-88.
MyJurnal

This study aimed to test the effect of modality imagery training via video tapes and audio tapes to improve the performance of overhead service skills in volleyball. 45 subjects who followed the volleyball professional course in Sultan Idris University of Education (UPSI) were selected for this test and they were randomly divided into three groups: video, audio group and control group. Russel-Lange Volleyball Test was used to obtain data on the overhead service performance. The results showed significant differences in overhead service performance before and after participants were exposed to the methods of video and audio tapes. There were also significant differences in overhead service performance among the video, audio, and control group. The study should that the introduction of audio and video imagery method may helps improve the overhead service skills performance in volley ball.

Matched MeSH terms: Control Groups
Fulltext The effects of high intensity progressive resistance training on psychological stress and biochemicals parameters

Lau, Hui Jin, Suhaniza Sairan, Arimi Fitri Mat Ludin, Mahadir Ahmad, Nor Farah Mohd Fauzi

Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia, 2015;13(2):53-60.
MyJurnal

Stress is a common problem among university students and studies showed that involvement in exercise could help in reducing stress. However, information regarding the effect of high intensity progressive resistance training (PRT) using a resistant tube on stress among inactive and moderate active young male university students is limited. Hence, the aim of this study is to examine the effect of high intensity PRT using a resistant tube on psychological stress level, cortisol, DHEA and physical fitness in this population. A total of 30 male university students were participated in this quasi-experiment study. Intervention group (n = 14, age: 21.50 ± 1.37 yr) was participaned to carry out high intensity PRT by using resistant tube 3 times per week for 10 weeks; control group (n = 16, age: 21.29 ± 1.86 yr) was asked to continue their current lifestyle as usual. Before and after 10 weeks of intervention, psychological stress was measured by using PSS and SLSI questionnaires; cortisol and DHEA level were measured by using ELISA method. Timed up-and-go (TUG) used to examine dynamic balance and handgrip strength test used to measure muscle strength. Findings showed that the increased of DHEA level after 10 weeks of intervention was significantly difference between control and intervention groups (p < 0.05). There was no significant group difference in changes over time in anthropometric and body composition measurements, stress scores, cortisol level and physical fitness. High intensity PRT using resistant tube may be beneficial in increasing DHEA level among young male adults, which can act as a stress biochemical indicator.

Matched MeSH terms: Control Groups
Fulltext The effects of external and internal focus on the Press Behind Neck lift among Weightlifters

Ahmad Fazlan Ghazalli, Mahamad Yusof Abdul Rani, Lee, Jeffrey Low Fook

Jurnal Sains Sukan & Pendidikan Jasmani, 2016;5(2):53-60.
MyJurnal

Journal of Sports Science and Physical Education 5(2): 53-60, 2016 – Many previous studies
focus on attention has consistently demonstrated that an external focus (movement effect)
enhances motor performance and learning relative to an internal focus (body movements).
However, the effectiveness of the external focus direction and internal focus on the press
behind neck lift not yet again compared among the weightlifter. Therefore, the aim of this
study was to identify the three conditions (external focus, internal focus and control) that
brings the best performance in the press behind neck. Besides that, a total of 30 athletes
Selangor weightlifters performed the pre-test before they are divided into treatment groups
(external focus and internal focus) and a control group. There are changes in the score in
force between the test scores (pre, post and retention test) and the group will be analyzed
using Two Way ANOVA Repeated Measure. The results showed that, there are the main
effect of testing, F(2, 54) = 1671.065 p = 0.001 means there is a significant difference
between pre-test and post-test . There is a main effect for group, F (2, 27) = 16,646, p =
0.001. Meanwhile, there was a significant interaction between the test group f (4. 54) =
378,732 p = 0.001. There are no significant differences between the three groups during the
pre-test. However, in the post-test found an external focus groups (M = 51.5 kg, SP = 7.4)
and an internal focus group (M = 49.5kg, SP = 6.6) is better and has significant differences to
the control group (M = 30.5kg, SP= 6.9). Besides that, the external focus group retention test
(M= 59.5 kg, SP=6.0) is better and has a significant difference compared with internal focus
(M= 43.2kg, SP = 5.9) and the control group (M= 30.1, SP = 6.3). Therefore, the overall
direction of a focus of external forces show better performance compared to focus on internal
and groups are not given any specific instructions for long term programme.

Matched MeSH terms: Control Groups
Fulltext The effects of eight weeks physical training program on physical fitness level among Malaysian national service trainee

Norkhalid Salimin, Gunathevan Elumalai, Md Amin Md Taff, Yusop Ahmad, Nuzsep Almigo

Jurnal Sains Sukan & Pendidikan Jasmani, 2015;4(1):41-49.
MyJurnal

This quasi experimental study is aimed to determine the effect of 8 weeks physical exercise training program among 219 obese an overweight National Service Training Program (NSTP). It is a purposive sampling and divide to experimental group (n = 110) and control group (n = 109). Body fat (BFP) measured using Omron Karada Scan HBF 375 with Height Scale. The experimental group underwent 8 weeks physical exercise program using the NSTP wellness module. The module contains 18 low intensity training, 40 moderate intensity training and 14 high intensity training with 8 psychological sessions. Analysis showed a significant difference between pre-test and post-test after 8 weeks in experimental group. There was a greater decrease BFP (-1.44%) and weight (-2.03%). The control group showed slightly increase in BFP (+2.97%) but decrease weight (-0.28%). This means the intervention program very effective and manage to reduce the BFP and weight among 18 years old obese and overweight NSTP in Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Control Groups

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