Displaying publications 21 - 40 of 346 in total

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  1. Significance of herbal medicine in removing excessive iron content in human
    Wbin-Wan-Ibrahim WA, Mirza EH, Akbar Ali SF
    Pak J Pharm Sci, 2013 Jul;26(4):823-6.
    PMID: 23811465
    Heavy metals in cigarette tobacco such as iron may cause a serious damage on human health. Surveys showed that the accumulation of certain toxic heavy metals like cadmium, mercury, iron is very often due to the effect of smoking. This work involved 15 volunteers in two randomly divided groups having the habit of cigarette smoking over 15 cigarettes / day. Concentration level of iron in blood and urine before and after treatment using the herbal medicine, widely used in Europe, is analyzed. Determination of Iron concentration in blood and urine was calculated by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES) according to the procedure DIN EN ISO 11885 ("E22" from April 1998). The analysis shows that the concentration of iron in blood and urine samples in both groups increased in some volunteers instead of decrease. The independent T-test shows that the mean of iron concentration in the group A and group B had no significant difference (p>0.05). The results suggested that the herbal medicine under test does not have significant influence on reduction of iron concentration levels.
    Matched MeSH terms: Spectrophotometry, Atomic
  2. Fulltext Design and develop a nondestructive infrared spectroscopy instrument for assessment of mango (Mangifera indica) quality
    Izneid BA, Fadhel MI, Al-Kharazi T, Ali M, Miloud S
    J Food Sci Technol, 2014 Nov;51(11):3244-52.
    PMID: 26396317 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-012-0880-z
    A portable infrared spectroscopy system has been designed and developed for assessment of quality of mango fruit. This paper describes the design and development of a fruit quality grading device using reflectance mode optical sensor. The experiment was conducted to obtain the best results from the system and the device was correlated according to the measured output. In the experiment, several samples of mango fruits have been monitored for six days to study the relation how fruit quality increases with time as fruit ripens. Between the unripe mango fruit and the ripest one, a range of 3.5 V to 4.2 V was measured by the developed system. The rate of quality increase was calculated as an average of 6.7 mV per day. These results were used to correlate the final hardware and software development of the device. The results demonstrate that, portable near infrared spectroscopy is feasible for evaluating mango quality non-destructively.
    Matched MeSH terms: Spectrophotometry, Infrared
  3. Spectrophotometric evaluation of the efficacy of natural versus commercial bleaching agents
    Kohli S, Al-Haddad A, Siew AY, Nam WL, Hamdan HD, Roslan QA
    Am J Dent, 2021 04;34(2):75-79.
    PMID: 33940663
    PURPOSE: To compare the bleaching efficacy of in-office (Opalescence), professional home (LumiBrite), over the counter (WhiteLight) and natural (strawberry extract) bleaching agents.

    METHODS: 80 teeth were selected and divided into two groups which were stained with black coffee and red wine respectively. The stained specimens were subdivided into four subgroups to be bleached with Opalescence, LumiBrite, WhiteLight and strawberry extract. Color measurements were made using spectrophotometer at baseline level, after staining, after bleaching and 1 week after bleaching. The ΔE₀₀ was calculated post bleaching (ΔE₀₀1), after 1-week follow up (ΔE₀₀2) and color changes between 1-week follow up and baseline (ΔE₀₀3). Data were analyzed by paired t-test and ANOVA with a significant difference of P< 0.05.

    RESULTS: Paired t-test showed significant differences in ΔE₀₀1 and ΔE₀₀2 for both stained specimens (P< 0.001). For black coffee stained specimens, Whitelight had significantly higher ΔE₀₀2 compared to the other bleaching agents (P< 0.05). For red wine stain, Whitelight also showed the significantly lowest ΔE₀₀1 (P< 0.001) and the highest ΔE₀₀2 (P< 0.001) compared to other groups. LumiBrite showed the significantly lowest ΔE₀₀3 for red wine stained specimens (P< 0.05). Whitelight had the poorest bleaching efficacy with deterioration effect after 1-week follow up. Opalescence, LumiBrite and strawberry extract had clinically perceptible and comparable bleaching efficacy. Strawberry extract appeared to be a potential natural bleaching agent with a desirable effect.

    CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Commercial tooth bleaching agents can cause several undesirable side effects such as damage to enamel, hypersensitivity and even affecting the pulp. Strawberry extract is a natural, effective bleaching agent that may have reduced side effects.

    Matched MeSH terms: Spectrophotometry
  4. Synthesis and characterization of mixed ligand complexes of caffeine, adenine and thiocyanate with some transition metal ions
    Shaker SA, Yang Farina, Mahmmod S, Eskender M
    Sains Malaysiana, 2010;39.
    An ethanolic solution of caffeine was added to an aqueous solution of metal salts and followed by adding ethanolic solution of adenine and an aqueous solution of potassium thiocyanate to give complexes with general formula [M(CA)2(Ad)X2] where CA is caffeine, Ad is adenine, X is thiocyanate ion and M is Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II). The resulting products were characterized using UV-visible and infrared spectroscopies. Elemental analyses were performed using C, H, N analysis and atomic absorption techniques. The magnetic susceptibility and the conductivity were also measured. The results suggested that the complexes have octahedral geometry.
    Matched MeSH terms: Spectrophotometry, Infrared
  5. Kandungan logam berat terpilih dalam tanih ultrabes dan mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia) dari Kuala Pilah, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
    Sahibin Abd. Rahim, Wan Mohd. Razi Idris, Zulfahmi Ali Rahman, Kadderi Md. Desa, Tukimat Lihan, Azman Hashim, et al.
    Sains Malaysiana, 2009;38.
    This study was carried out at an ultrabasic area, Selaru (S1 & S2) dan Felda Rokan Barat (S3), Kuala Pilah, Negeri Sembilan. Eighteen samples of plant and their substrates were collected from study area. The purpose of this study was to determine heavy metal such as Ni, Cr, Mn, Co, Fe and Zn contents in soils and different parts of the plant, such as leaf, stem, root and fruit. Biologal Absorption Coefficient (BAC) of the plant was obtained by calculation. Heavy metals content in the plant were extracted by digestion method whereas in soil the heavy metals were extracted by sequential extraction. Heavy metals content in soil and plant extract was determined using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. It was found that heavy metal concentrations in soil substrate for mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia) were high for Fe followed by Cr, Ni, Mn, Zn and Co with average concentration of 1208.5, 583.4, 352.4, 352.4, 70.7 and 53.6 mg.kg-1, respectively. Available Mn and Zn concentrations were higher than the other heavy metals in term of percentage. Fe and Mn were dominant in all parts of plants however in terms of BAC average, Co showed the highest enrichment value in all parts of the plants.
    Matched MeSH terms: Spectrophotometry, Atomic
  6. Integrating spectrophotometric and XRD analyses in the investigation of burned dental remains
    Rahmat RA, Humphries MA, Austin JJ, Linacre AMT, Raven M, Self P
    Forensic Sci Int, 2020 May;310:110236.
    PMID: 32172179 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2020.110236
    Heat alters colour and crystallinity of teeth by destruction of the organic content and inducing hydroxyapatite crystal growth. The colour and crystallite changes can be quantified using spectrophotometric and x-ray diffraction analyses, however these analyses are not commonly used in combination to evaluate burned dental remains. In this study, thirty-nine teeth were incinerated at 300-1000 °C for 15 and 30 min and then measured using a spectrophotometer and an x-ray diffractometer. Response variables used were lightness, L*, and chromaticity a* and b* and luminance (whiteness and yellowness) for colour, and crystal size for crystallinity. Statistical analysis to determine the attribution of these variables revealed yellowness and crystal size were significantly affected by temperature (p < 0.05), whilst duration of heat-exposure showed no significant effect. This study suggests the inclusion of both spectrophotometric and x-ray diffraction in investigating thermal-heated teeth is useful to accurately estimate the temperature teeth are exposed to.
    Matched MeSH terms: Spectrophotometry
  7. Fulltext Dietary fiber and total phenolic content of selected raw and cooked beans and its combinations
    Tan, C.X., Azrina, A.
    International Food Research Journal, 2017;24(5):1863-1868.
    MyJurnal
    Beans are distinctive among a diverse and broad class of legumes. Certain health products claimed their products are high in dietary fibers and total phenolic content (TPC) because they applied bean combinations. This study aimed to determine the dietary fibers and TPC of raw and cooked beans and its combinations. Individual beans studied were kidney bean, mung bean and chickpea. Bean combinations were done by mixing each of the homogenized beans flour in the ratio of 1:1 (w/w) and 1:1:1 (w/w/w). Dietary fibers were determined using enzymaticgravimetrical method whereas TPC was determined spectrophotometrically. Results showed the insoluble dietary fiber (IDF), soluble dietary fiber (SDF), total dietary fiber (TDF) and TPC for individual raw beans varied from 20.52 to 26.61 g/100 g, 1.20 to 2.45 g/100 g, 22.08 to 27.81 g/100 g and 0.48 to 1.04 mg GAE/g, respectively. For raw bean combinations, the IDF, SDF, TDF and TPC varied from 20.74 to 23.96 g/100 g, 2.3 to 2.50 g/100 g, 23.05 to 26.46 g/100 g and 0.80 to 0.85 mg GAE/g, respectively. No significant different (p > 0.05) in IDF and SDF for raw bean combinations and individual raw beans. Meanwhile, certain raw bean combinations contained significant higher (p < 0.05) TDF and TPC than individual raw beans. The IDF, SDF, TDF and TPC for individual cooked beans varied from 14.49 to 26.30 g/100 g, 1.40 to 2.02 g/100 g, 15.88 to 28.31 g/100 g and 0.57 to 1.20 mg GAE/g, respectively. For cooked bean combinations, the IDF, SDF, TDF and TPC varied from 15.73 to 23.03 g/100 g, 1.73 to 2.36 g/100 g, 17.46 to 24.95 g/100 g and 0.61 to 1.08 mg GAE/g, respectively. After cooking, the IDF, SDF, TDF and TPC of certain beans combinations were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than individual beans. This study supports the proposal that bean combinations can possibly be used as a method to increase the amount of dietary fibers and TPC.
    Matched MeSH terms: Spectrophotometry
  8. Fulltext Characterization of toxic metals in tobacco, tobacco smoke, and cigarette ash from selected imported and local brands in Pakistan
    Ajab H, Yaqub A, Malik SA, Junaid M, Yasmeen S, Abdullah MA
    ScientificWorldJournal, 2014;2014:413614.
    PMID: 24672317 DOI: 10.1155/2014/413614
    In this study, concentrations of Cd, Ni, Pb, and Cr were determined in tobacco, tobacco smoke-condensate, and cigarette ash for selected brands used in Pakistan. Smoking apparatus was designed for metal extraction from cigarette smoke. Samples were digested through microwave digester and then analyzed by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer (FAAS). Higher concentration of Ni was detected in imported brands than the counterparts in the local brands. Pb levels were however higher in local brands while significant concentration of Cd was observed in both brands. For Cr, the level in tobacco of local brands was higher than their emitted smoke, whereas imported brands showed higher level in smoke than in tobacco. The cigarette ash retained 65 to 75% of the metal and about 25 to 30% went into the body. While this study revealed the serious requirement to standardize the manufacturing of tobacco products, more importantly is the urgent need for stronger enforcements to put in place to alert the general population about the hazardous effects of cigarettes and the health risks associated with these toxic metals.
    Matched MeSH terms: Spectrophotometry, Atomic
  9. Decolorization and degradation mechanism of Amaranth by Polyporus sp. S133
    Hadibarata T, Nor NM
    Bioprocess Biosyst Eng, 2014 Sep;37(9):1879-85.
    PMID: 24623464 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-014-1162-0
    Polyporus sp. S133 decolorized the Amaranth in 72 h (30 mg L(-1)) under static and shaking conditions. Liquid medium containing glucose has shown the highest decolorization of Amaranth by Polyporus sp. S133. When the effect of increasing inoculum concentration on decolorization of Amaranth was studied, maximum decolorization was observed with 15 % inoculum concentration. Significant increase in the enzyme production of laccase (102.2 U L(-1)) was observed over the period of Amaranth decolorization compared to lignin peroxidase and manganese peroxidase. Germination rate of Sorghum vulgare and Triticum aestivum was less with Amaranth treatment as compared to metabolites obtained after its decolorization. Based on the metabolites detected by GC-MS, it was proposed that Amaranth was bio-transformed into two intermediates, 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid and 1,4-naphthaquinone. Overall findings suggested the ability of Polyporus sp. S133 for the decolorization of azo dye and ensured the ecofriendly degradation of Amaranth.
    Matched MeSH terms: Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet
  10. Fulltext A laboratory investigation of colour changes in two contemporary resin composites on exposure to spices
    Yew HZ, Berekally TL, Richards LC
    Aust Dent J, 2013 Dec;58(4):468-77.
    PMID: 24320904 DOI: 10.1111/adj.12099
    The aim of this study was to evaluate colour stability upon exposure to spices of a nano-filled and a micro-hybrid resin composite finished either with Sof-Lex™ discs (SLD) or against plastic strips (PS).
    Matched MeSH terms: Spectrophotometry
  11. Fulltext Optical characterization of oligonucleotide DNA influenced by magnetic fields
    Banihashemian SM, Periasamy V, Mohammadi SM, Ritikos R, Rahman SA
    Molecules, 2013 Sep 25;18(10):11797-808.
    PMID: 24071986 DOI: 10.3390/molecules181011797
    UV-VIS spectroscopic analysis of oligonucleotide DNA exposed to different magnetic fields was performed in order to investigate the relationship between DNA extinction coefficients and optical parameters according to magnetic-field strength. The results with the oligonucleotides adenine-thymine 100 mer (AT-100 DNA) and cytosine-guanine 100 mer (CG-100 DNA) indicate that the magnetic field influences DNA molar extinction coefficients and refractive indexes. The imaginary parts of the refractive index and molar extinction coefficients of the AT-100 and CG-100 DNA decreased after exposure to a magnetic field of 750 mT due to cleavage of the DNA oligonucleotides into smaller segments.
    Matched MeSH terms: Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet
  12. Fulltext Characterization of CdTe films deposited at various bath temperatures and concentrations using electrophoretic deposition
    Daud MN, Zakaria A, Jafari A, Ghazali MS, Abdullah WR, Zainal Z
    Int J Mol Sci, 2012;13(5):5706-14.
    PMID: 22754325 DOI: 10.3390/ijms13055706
    CdTe film was deposited using the electrophoretic deposition technique onto an ITO glass at various bath temperatures. Four batch film compositions were used by mixing 1 to 4 wt% concentration of CdTe powder with 10 mL of a solution of methanol and toluene. X-ray Diffraction analysis showed that the films exhibited polycrystalline nature of zinc-blende structure with the (111) orientation as the most prominent peak. From the Atomic Force Microscopy, the thickness and surface roughness of the CdTe film increased with the increase of CdTe concentration. The optical energy band gap of film decreased with the increase of CdTe concentration, and with the increase of isothermal bath temperature. The film thickness increased with respect to the increase of CdTe concentration and bath temperature, and following, the numerical expression for the film thickness with respect to these two variables has been established.
    Matched MeSH terms: Spectrophotometry
  13. Quantitative analysis of sulphated glycosaminoglycans content of Malaysian sea cucumber Stichopus hermanni and Stichopus vastus
    Masre SF, Yip GW, Sirajudeen KN, Ghazali FC
    Nat Prod Res, 2012;26(7):684-9.
    PMID: 21859370 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2010.545354
    Stichopus hermanni and Stichopus vastus are sea cucumber species from the Stichopodidae family within the coastal waters of Malaysia. The integument of these invertebrates is hypothesised to contain abundant glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). GAGs are divided into non-sulphated and sulphated GAGs. Sulphated GAGs have various chemico-biological functions that are beneficial to humans. This study quantitatively analysed N-, O-sulphated and total sulphated GAG content from three different anatomical regions (integument, internal organs and coelomic fluid) of S. hermanni and S. vastus. The integument revealed the highest content of total, O- and N-sulphated GAGs, followed by the internal organs and the coelomic fluid for both species of sea cucumbers. The percentage division of O- and N-sulphated GAGs suggested that anatomical parts of both species showed higher levels of O-sulphated GAGs compared to N-sulphated GAGs. In conclusion, these findings indicate that the integument body wall of S. hermanni and S. vastus is a rich source of sulphated GAGs.
    Matched MeSH terms: Spectrophotometry
  14. Development of an Hg(II) fibre-optic sensor for aqueous environmental monitoring
    Ahmad M, Hamzah H, Sufliza Marsom E
    Talanta, 1998 Oct;47(2):275-83.
    PMID: 18967326
    An optical sensor for Hg(II) monitoring using a complex of zinc dithizonate immobilised on XAD 7 which is based on reflectance spectrophotometry has been developed in this study. Measurements were made using a kinetic approach whereby the reflectance signal is measured at a fixed time of 5 min. The sensor could be regenerated using a saturated solution of KCl in 1 M sulphuric acid. The sensor was found to have an optimum response at pH 3.0 with respective measurement repeatability and probe-to-probe reproducibility of 1.53% and 5.26%. A linear response was observed in the Hg(II) concentration range of 0.0-180.0 ppm with a calculated limit of detection (LOD) of 0.05 ppm. The results obtained for aqueous Hg(II) determination using this probe were found to be comparable with the well-established method of atomic absorption spectrometry.
    Matched MeSH terms: Spectrophotometry
  15. Kinetic coupled with UV spectral evidence for near-irreversible nonionic micellar binding of N-benzylphthalimide under the typical reaction conditions: an observation against a major assumption of the pseudophase micellar model
    Cheong MY, Ariffin A, Khan MN
    J Phys Chem B, 2007 Oct 25;111(42):12185-94.
    PMID: 17914797
    Pseudo-first-order rate constants (k(obs)) for alkaline hydrolysis of N-benzylphthalimide (1) show a nonlinear decrease with the increase in [C(m)E(n)]T (total concentration of Brij 58, m = 16, n = 20 and Brij 56, m = 16, n = 10) at constant [CH(3)CN] and [NaOH]. These nonionic micellar effects, within the certain typical reaction conditions, have been explained in terms of the pseudophase micellar (PM) model. The values of micellar binding constants (KS) of 1 are 1.04 x 10(3) M(-1) (at 1.0 x 10(-3) M NaOH) and 1.08 x 10(3) M(-1) (at 2.0 x 10(-3) M NaOH) for C(16)E(20) as well as 600 M(-1) (at 7.6 x 10(-4) M NaOH) and 670 M(-1) (at 1.0 x 10(-3) M NaOH) for C(16)E(10) micelles. The pseudo-first-order rate constants (kM) for hydrolysis of 1 in C(16)E(20) micellar pseudophase are approximately 90-fold smaller than those (kW) in water phase. The values of kM for hydrolysis of 1 in C(16)E(10) micelles are almost zero. Kinetic coupled with UV spectral data reveals significant irreversible nonionic micellar binding of 1 molecules in the micellar environment of nearly zero hydroxide ion concentration at >or=0.14 M C(16)E(20) and 1.0 x 10(-3) M NaOH while such observations could not be detected at or=3 x 10(-3) M C(16)E(10) and 7.6 x 10(-4) M NaOH, while the rate of hydrolysis of 1 is completely ceased at >or=0.05 M C(16)E(10) and 7.6 x 10(-4) M NaOH. The rate of hydrolysis of 1 at 5.0 x 10(-2) and 8.8 x 10(-2) M C(16)E(10) and 1.0 x 10(-3) M NaOH reveals the formation of presumably phthalic anhydride, whereas such observation was not observed in the C(16)E(20) micellar system under similar experimental conditions.
    Matched MeSH terms: Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet
  16. Heavy metals from agricultural soils from Cameron Highlands, Pahang, and Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
    Khairiah J, Lim KH, Ahmad-Mahir R, Ismail BS
    Bull Environ Contam Toxicol, 2006 Oct;77(4):608-15.
    PMID: 17123022 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-006-1106-8
    Matched MeSH terms: Spectrophotometry, Atomic
  17. Hexane-extracted spent bleaching earth as a sorbent for copper in aqueous solution
    Low KS, Lee CK, Lee TS
    Bull Environ Contam Toxicol, 1996 Mar;56(3):405-12.
    PMID: 8825962
    Matched MeSH terms: Spectrophotometry, Infrared
  18. Development of an optical fibre Al(III) sensor based on immobilised chrome azurol S
    Ahmad M, Narayanaswamy R
    Talanta, 1995 Sep;42(9):1337-44.
    PMID: 18966361
    Chrome azurol S immobilised on XAD-2 has been used in this study as a reagent phase for the development of an optical fibre Al(III) sensor. Using a kinetic approach, this sensor was able to give a linear response in the Al(III) concentration range of 1.3 x 10(-5)-2.0 x 10(-4) M with a limit of detection of 1.0 x 10(-4) M. The optimum responses were obtained at pH 6.0 and when the solution was stirred. The sensor response was found to have a repeatability and reproducibility of 1.6% and 5.8%, respectively. The results obtained for Al(III) determination in aqueous sample were in good agreement with those obtained using graphite furnace-atomic absorption spectrometry.
    Matched MeSH terms: Spectrophotometry, Atomic
  19. Lead concentrations in breast milk of Malaysian urban and rural mothers
    Huat LH, Zakariya D, Eng KH
    Arch. Environ. Health, 1983 7 1;38(4):205-9.
    PMID: 6614999
    This study was conducted to determine lead concentrations in breast milk among urban and rural mothers in Malaysia, and to determine if lead absorption among urban maternal populations in Malaysia poses a potential health hazard to infants through breastfeeding. Milk samples, which were collected from 89 urban and 91 rural mothers, were analyzed by flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The mean lead level in urban samples was 0.0253 microgram/ml, which was significantly higher than that of the rural samples (0.0211 microgram/ml). The estimated daily lead intake of breast-fed infants in Malaysia was well below proposed tolerable levels. There also appeared to be no specific pattern in the milk lead levels at different periods of lactation. The significance of the higher milk lead concentrations in urban mothers is also discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Spectrophotometry, Atomic
  20. Mercury, lead, and other heavy metals in Chinese medicines
    Wong MK, Koh LL
    Biol Trace Elem Res, 1986 Aug;10(2):91-7.
    PMID: 24254355 DOI: 10.1007/BF02795561
    Ninety-nine samples of common Chinese medicines were purchased from Chinese medical shops in Singapore and Malaysia and analyzed for mercury, lead, copper, cadmium, cobalt, iron, and nickel. The majority of these medicines were manufactured in China, Hong Kong, and Malaysia. A few of them were of Singapore and Taiwan origin. Atomic absorption method (both flame and flameless) was used for the analyses. Mercury was found to be present in high concentrations in several of the medicines that were for oral consumption.
    Matched MeSH terms: Spectrophotometry, Atomic
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