Displaying publications 21 - 40 of 51 in total

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  1. Fulltext Parallelogram linkage leg structure for stabilized walking gaits in humanoid robot
    Firdaus Sukarman, Mohd Ghazali Mohd Hamami, Mazleenda Mazni, Muhammad Amir Mat Shah, Ahmad Faidzal Khodori
    Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Sciences and Engineering Technology, 2017;9(1):22-31.
    MyJurnal
    The utilization of parallelogram structure in a small-sized humanoid robot consists of two parallel platforms that are linked serially in each leg. The thigh and shank of each leg consists of two servomotors as actuator and linked in parallel platform. By using parallel mechanism in leg structure, foot sole surface is always parallel to the walking surface at any point. Even it looks unnatural to human-like walking motion, the expected result is the robot can maintain it posture while walking and at the point foot sole touch the walking surface, unnecessary vibrates can be modulated at the certain level to remain its balance. The effectiveness and the performance of the proposed parallel platforms are experimented by using zero moment point (ZMP) method by taking various scenario data from pressure sensors attached at the footsole. Planned walking gait is introduced to be identical in terms of foot steps length and width of each leg swing. As the results, in terms of load in each actuator, required torque at servomotors can be reduced because two servomotors are used simultaneously in one parallel system. Stable walking gait can be predicted as the quantity of error falls within the error ranges from the published walking gait patterns.
    Matched MeSH terms: Thigh
  2. Fulltext The effects of plyometric training on the muscle physical changes among long jumpers
    Prabhu Ragawan, Ruaibah Yazani Tengah
    Jurnal Sains Sukan & Pendidikan Jasmani, 2018;7(1):62-70.
    MyJurnal
    This study aim to examine the effectiveness of plyometric training on muscle physical changes. 24 long jumpers under 12 year old from Cameron Highland were involved in this study. 12 participants were in the control group and another 12 were assigned into treatment group. The training program was conducted twice a week for six weeks. Girth of thigh and calf muscles measurement were conducted during pre-test and post-test. The data were analyzed using descriptive analysis and two-way ANOVA test to determine the mean differences between groups, trial period and interaction of group and trial period. The findings showed that calf and thigh circumference show an improvement for both treatment and control group, in which the treatment group had gained significantly higher achievement. The two-way ANOVA test showed significant differences in enlargement of thigh muscle and calf muscle diameter between groups and trial period. As a conclusion, the plyometric exercises increased circumference of the thigh muscles and calf muscles among long jumpers. The implication of the study is that the proper plyometric training with an appropriate load for primary school athletes need to be implemented to achieve peak performance.
    Matched MeSH terms: Thigh
  3. Elevational size variation and two new species of torrent frogs from Peninsular Malaysia (Anura: Ranidae: Amolops Cope)
    Onn CK, Abraham RK, Grismer JL, Grismer LL
    Zootaxa, 2018 Jun 15;4434(2):250-264.
    PMID: 30313185 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4434.2.2
    Previously, only one species of torrent frog (Amolops larutensis) was thought to occur throughout Peninsular Malaysia. However, genomic work has demonstrated that populations from eastern Peninsular Malaysia form two separate lineages that are genetically distinct from A. larutensis that is now restricted to the western half of Peninsular Malaysia. This study demonstrates that all three lineages can be morphologically distinguished from each other, thereby providing additional support for the recognition of the eastern lineages as two distinct species. These lineages are described herein as Amolops gerutu sp. nov. from the eastern states of Kelantan, Terengganu, and Pahang, and A. australis sp. nov. from the southern-most state of Johor. In general, these two new species form a clade that is sister to A. larutensis and can be readily distinguished from it by having: (1) considerably denser and more pronounced dorsal tubercles, and (2) the posterodorsal surface of thighs having dense, dark stippling as opposed to broad vermiculations. Although differences in other morphometric characters were detected, their utility as diagnostic characters should be applied with caution due to the large intraspecific variation that overlaps among different species in many of the characters we measured. As such, we advocate for the use of tuberculation and pattern of the posterodorsal portion of the thighs as primary diagnostic characters. These characters can readily distinguish A. larutensis from the two new species. To differentiate A. australis sp. nov. from A. gerutu sp. nov. and A. larutensis, body size can be a good diagnostic character as A. australis sp. nov. is significantly smaller in both males (mean = 31.04 ± 1.59 mm) and females (mean = 46.48 ± 3.2 mm). Additionally, we show a strong positive correlation between body size and elevation, with populations from montane forests (>900 m asl) being considerably larger than populations at lower elevations.
    Matched MeSH terms: Thigh
  4. Fulltext A rare cause of proximal thigh discomfort and weakness with type 2 diabetes mellitus
    Low QJ, Ng BHS, Cheo SW
    Borneo Journal of Medical Sciences, 2018;12(1):57-63.
    MyJurnal
    Diabetic amyotrophy also known as Bruns-Garland syndrome is diabetic neuropathy subtype affecting the lumbosacral nerve roots and peripheral nerves. There is an ongoing debate on the pathophysiology behind this condition whether is it ischaemic, metabolic (hyperglycaemia) or inflammatory. A 36-year-old man with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus complained of unprovoked weight lost and right proximal thigh discomfort with weakness for one week duration. In neurological examination, his right hip flexion was at medical research council (MRC) grade 3, right hip extension MRC grade 4, his knee and ankle flexion and extension are normal (MRC grade 5). The muscle tones and reflexes were normal. Sensation and proprioception were intact bilaterally. Nerve conduction study (NCS) showed markedly reduced amplitude of the compound muscle action potentials and sensory nerve action potentials, while conduction velocities show only mild slowing. He was started on a course of oral prednisolone 10 mg daily and improved gradually. At three months follow-up, his right lower limb power has recovered fully and he can walk without any assistance. Diabetic amyotrophy was confirmed by suggestive clinical features supported by electrophysiological findings of the affected nerves. This condition is due to metabolic derangement and vasculopathy or immune mediated nerve injury. So, the healthcare providers should be aware about this rare complication of diabetes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Thigh
  5. Fulltext Diabetic neuropathic cachexia in a young woman
    Yusof NA, Idris NS, Zin FM
    Korean J Fam Med, 2018 Nov 30.
    PMID: 30497111 DOI: 10.4082/kjfm.17.0127
    Profound weight loss with painful symmetrical peripheral neuropathy in diabetic patients was first described as diabetic neuropathic cachexia more than 4 decades ago. It is a distinct type of diabetic peripheral neuropathy that occurs in the absence of other microvascular and autonomic complications of diabetes. The mechanism and precipitating cause are unknown. It was reported to have good prognosis with spontaneous recovery within months to 2 years. However, it was frequently missed by clinicians because the profound weight loss is the most outstanding complaint, rather than the pain, numbness, or weakness. This often leads to extensive investigation to exclude more sinister causes of weight loss, particularly malignancy. We report a case of a young woman with well-controlled diabetes who presented with profound unintentional weight loss (26 kg), symmetrical debilitating thigh pain, and clinical signs of peripheral neuropathy. As the disease entity may mimic an inflammatory demyelinating cause of neuropathy, she was treated with a trial of intravenous immunoglobulin, which failed to give any significant benefit. However, she recovered after 6 months without any specific treatment, other than an antidepressant for the neuropathic pain and ongoing rehabilitation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Thigh
  6. Pulmonary embolism following histoacryl glue embolization for a large thigh arteriovenous malformation
    Harunarashid H, Lily S, Rozman Z, Azim MI, Das S
    Clin Ter, 2012;163(5):393-5.
    PMID: 23099967
    Arteriovenous malformation (AVM) are commonly congenital in origin. We hereby describe the case of a 24-year-old male who was diagnosed of left thigh intramuscular AVM at the time of 14 years old. The computerized tomography (CT) scan confirmed a large deep seated intramuscular AVM with the size of 20 x 15 cm, with dilated and distended feeding vessel from profunda femoris artery (PFA) and superficial femoral artery (SFA). He also had another AVM near the left supracondylar region adherent to the sciatic nerve. The main AVM lesion was earlier treated with surgical resection and it remained for asymptomatic for next seven years. Following this, the patient presented again to the clinic with recurring swelling, pain and occasional paraesthesia on the same site. He was then managed with a series of embolization (total of 6 attempts) with histoacryl glue. These attempts of embolization were successful. The interesting case of pulmonary embolism due histoacryl glue following embolization of an AVM is described.
    Matched MeSH terms: Thigh/blood supply*
  7. Biomechanical responses of thigh and lower leg during 10 consecutive soccer instep kicks
    Amiri-Khorasani M, Abu Osman NA, Yusof A
    J Strength Cond Res, 2011 Apr;25(4):1177-81.
    PMID: 20838249 DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181d6508c
    This study investigated the number of trials necessary to obtain optimal biomechanical responses in 10 consecutive soccer instep kicks. The kicking motions of dominant legs were captured from 5 experienced and skilled adult male soccer players (height: 184.60 ± 4.49 cm; mass: 80 ± 4.24 kg; and age: 25.60 ± 1.14 years) using a 3D infrared high-speed camera at 200 Hz. Some of the important kinematics and kinetics parameters are maximum thigh angular velocity, maximum lower leg angular velocity, maximum of thigh moment, maximum lower leg moment at forward and impact phases, and finally maximum ball velocity after impact selected to be analyzed. There was a significant decrease of ball velocity between the first and the fifth kick and the subsequent kicks. Similarly, the lower leg angular velocity showed a significant decrease after the fifth kick and thereafter. Compared with the first kick, the thigh angular velocity has been shown to decrease after the sixth kick and thereafter, and the thigh moment result of the sixth kick was significantly lower when compared with the first kick. Moreover, the lower leg moment result of the fourth kick was significantly lower in comparison with the first kick. In conclusion, it seems that 5 consecutive kicks are adequate to achieve high kinematics and kinetics responses and selecting more than 5 kicks does not result in any high biomechanical responses for analysis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Thigh/physiology*
  8. Fulltext The pudendal thigh fasciocutaneous flap for vaginal atresia reconstruction
    Azman WS, Halim AS, Samad IA
    Med J Malaysia, 2005 Oct;60(4):505-7.
    PMID: 16570718
    Vaginal defects can either be congenital or acquired due to tumor or trauma. The reconstructions are aimed in producing a good physical and functional result with the least donor site morbidity. The pudendal thigh flap is a sensate fasciocutaneous flap based on the terminal branch of the superficial perineal artery, the continuation of the internal pudendal artery. Although various flaps have been described for vaginal reconstruction, the pudendal thigh flap offers a very attractive alternative.
    Matched MeSH terms: Thigh/surgery*
  9. Fulltext Extended pedicle rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap for thigh reconstruction
    Halim AS, Zulmi W
    Med J Malaysia, 2005 Mar;60(1):109-11.
    PMID: 16250294
    A rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap can provide a large amount of tissue for defect coverage. Rarely a flabby and redundant abdominal tissue was used as a huge extended flap. We report a case of recurrence malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the thigh which was radically resected. The resultant massive defect was success reconstructed with an extended pedicle inferiorly based rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap.
    Matched MeSH terms: Thigh
  10. Fulltext Nerve compression due to an abnormal muscle
    Myint K
    Med J Malaysia, 1981 Dec;36(4):227-9.
    PMID: 7334958
    Matched MeSH terms: Thigh
  11. Innervation of the scrotum by the anterior division of the obturator nerve - a rare variation
    Nayak SB, Vasudeva SK
    Morphologie, 2021 Apr 16.
    PMID: 33875370 DOI: 10.1016/j.morpho.2021.03.005
    The scrotum is supplied by ilioinguinal, genital branch of genitofemoral, perineal branch of the posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh and the posterior scrotal branches of the pudendal nerve. We report an extremely rare innervation of the anterior part of the scrotum by the anterior division of the right obturator nerve. The genital branch of genitofemoral nerve did not reach the scrotum. The ilioinguinal nerve did not supply the scrotum. The anterior division of the obturator nerve gave a branch which ascended superomedially in the thigh, crossed superficial to the spermatic cord and communicated with the right ilioinguinal nerve. As it crossed the spermatic cord, it gave a scrotal branch which descended over the spermatic cord and ramified to supply the anterior part of the scrotum. Knowledge of this variation could be important to anaesthesiologists, urologists and surgeons in general.
    Matched MeSH terms: Thigh
  12. Fulltext Prevalence of Muscular Sarcosporidiosis in Slaughtered Domestic Pigs in Perak, Peninsular Malaysia
    Zainalabidin FA, Noorazmi MS, Bakri WN, Sathaya G, Ismail MI
    Trop Life Sci Res, 2017 Jan;28(1):161-166.
    PMID: 28228924 MyJurnal DOI: 10.21315/tlsr2017.28.1.12
    Sarcosporidiosis is a disease caused by intracellular protozoan parasites, namely, Sarcocystis spp. In pigs, three species of Sarcocystis spp. have been recognised, including Sarcocystis meischeriana, Sarcocystis porcifelis and Sarcocystis suihominis. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of muscular sarcosporidiosis in pigs using the pepsin digestion technique. A total of 150 fresh heart, oesophagus and thigh muscle samples from 50 Yorkshire and Landrace pigs were collected from two local abattoirs in Perak from May to August 2014. All the fresh muscle samples were thoroughly examined for macrocyst-forming Sarcocystis spp. and processed using the peptic digestion technique to detect bradyzoites. The results from the muscle samples showed that 58% (29 out of 50) of the pigs were positive for Sarcocystis spp. These findings highlight the importance of implementing stringent measures for screening pigs in abattoirs for Sarcocystis spp. infection because this infection in pigs is a public health concern.
    Matched MeSH terms: Thigh
  13. Stature Estimation from Lower Limb Anthropometry using Linear Regression Analysis: A Study on the Malaysian Population
    Abu Bakar SN, Aspalilah A, AbdelNasser I, Nurliza A, Hairuliza MJ, Swarhib M, et al.
    Clin Ter, 2017 Mar-Apr;168(2):e84-e87.
    PMID: 28383619 DOI: 10.7417/CT.2017.1988
    INTRODUCTION: Stature is one of the characteristics that could be used to identify human, besides age, sex and racial affiliation. This is useful when the body found is either dismembered, mutilated or even decomposed, and helps in narrowing down the missing person's identity.

    AIM: The main aim of the present study was to construct regression functions for stature estimation by using lower limb bones in the Malaysian population.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: The sample comprised 87 adult individuals (81 males, 6 females) aged between 20 to 79 years. The parameters such as thigh length, lower leg length, leg length, foot length, foot height and foot breadth were measured. They were measured by a ruler and measuring tape. Statistical analysis involved independent t-test to analyse the difference between lower limbs in male and female. The Pearson's correlation test was used to analyse correlations between lower limb parameters and stature, and the linear regressions were used to form equations. The paired t-test was used to compare between actual stature and estimated stature by using the equations formed.

    RESULTS: Using independent t-test, there was a significant difference (p< 0.05) in the measurement between males and females with regard to leg length, thigh length, lower leg length, foot length and foot breadth. The thigh length, leg length and foot length were observed to have strong correlations with stature with p= 0.75, p= 0.81 and p= 0.69, respectively. Linear regressions were formulated for stature estimation. Paired t-test showed no significant difference between actual stature and estimated stature.

    CONCLUSIONS: It is concluded that regression functions can be used to estimate stature to identify skeletal remains in the Malaysia population.
    Matched MeSH terms: Thigh
  14. Fulltext The relation of risk factors and musculoskeletal discomfort among manual material handling workers in Malaysian automotive industries
    Mirta Widia, Siti Zawiah Md Dawal, Nukman Yusoff
    Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 2016;16(10):0-0.
    MyJurnal
    Most studies have examined the association of ergonomic risk factors and musculoskeletal discomfort in developed countries. Meanwhile the data are still lacking in developing countries such as Malaysia. The aim of this study was to determine the relation between risk factors and musculoskeletal discomfort among manual material handling workers in Malaysian automotive industries. A total of211 manual material handling workers from automotive industries completed a set of questionnaire on the individual, physical and environmental factors and the prevalence of musculoskeletal discomfort. The Chi-Square test and logistics regression analysis were used to determine the relationship of the risk factors and musculoskeletal. The findings highlighted that job tenure was significantly correlated with musculoskeletal discomfort among the workers (OR=2.33-5.56). The most significant physical risk factor that was associated with musculoskeletal discomfort was bending the trunk forward slightly, hands above knee level, which was significantly related to lower back discomfort (OR=5.13, 95%CI=1.56-16.8), thigh discomfort (OR=5.1, 95%CI=1.01-25.53) and wrist discomfort (OR=3.65, 95%CI=1.06-12.53). Twisting of the trunk (over 45o) and bending sideways were significantly associated to lower back discomfort (OR=4.04, 95%CI=1.44-14.44), and thigh discomfort (OR=4.3, 95%CI=1.29-8.50). The findings also highlighted that environmental factors was associated with musculoskeletal discomfort (p < 0.05. Musculoskeletal discomfort can be reduced by lowering work-related risk factors among automotive manual material handling workers, particularly by focusing on significant factors, including job tenure, bending or twisting postures and environmental factors.
    Matched MeSH terms: Thigh
  15. Fulltext Infantile Myofibromatosis: A Case Report
    Hasniah, A.L., Rohana, J., Boo, N.Y., Thambidorai, C.R., Isa, M.R.
    International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2007;6(1):1-6.
    MyJurnal
    Case: A male infant was born at 36th week period of gestation with a birth weight of 1.99kg following an uneventful intrauterine period. At birth, he was noted to have multiple skin nodules. The largest nodule measuring 4.0 x 2.0 x 1.5 cm was at his pre-auricular area. It was initially fleshy and reddish in color. A few days later, it turned black and subsequently the black skin overlying the mass fell off, leaving a firm underlying mass with the appearance of a cauliflower. Other skin lesions, which were firm in consistency, were found on the medial aspect of his right supraorbital ridge, right mid-arm, right mid-thigh, plantar surface of his right big toe and his scalp. They were either skin-colored or reddish in colour, measuring between 1.0 and 2.0 cm in diameter. He also had hepatomegaly and splenomegaly palpable at 5 cm and 3 cm below the subcostal margins, respectively
    Matched MeSH terms: Thigh
  16. Fulltext Muscle bulk, strength and proprioceptive difference between anterior cruciate ligament deficient and normal knee
    Mokhtar A.H., Kalimuthu, M.
    JUMMEC, 2017;20(1):1-5.
    MyJurnal
    The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) deficient knee has been subjected to various research and many conclusions
    have been drawn to the loss of function in relation to it. ACL reconstruction is also very commonly done as
    this ligament damage is the most common injury in sports. Muscle strength and proprioception have been
    postulated to be affected alongside this injury. We conducted a cross sectional study in 19 patients who have
    ruptured their ACL. We measured their muscle strength, thigh muscle bulk and proprioception in comparison
    to their contralateral normal knee. The Biodex Isokinetic machine was used to measure the muscle strength
    and proprioception. The thigh circumference was measured manually using a measuring tape. There was
    significant reduction of muscle strength and thigh circumference in the ACL deficient limb as compared to the
    normal side, p
    Matched MeSH terms: Thigh
  17. Experimental infection of the leaf-monkey, Presbytis cristata, with subperiodic Brugia malayi
    Mak JW, Choong MF, Suresh K, Lam PL
    Parasitol Res, 1990;76(8):689-91.
    PMID: 2251244
    Presbytis cristata monkeys infected through the inoculation of between 200 and 400 subperiodic Brugia malayi infective larvae (L3) in the right thigh, in both thighs or in the dorsum of the right foot were followed up for varying periods of up to about 8 months after infection. All 148 inoculated animals became patent, with mean prepatent periods being between 66 and 76 days. In animals injected in the thigh, the patterns of microfilaraemia were similar, there being a rapid rise in the geometric mean counts (GMCs) of microfilariae during the first 10-12 weeks of patency, which then plateaued at levels of greater than 1000/ml. Adult worm recovery, expressed as the percentage of the infective dose, was significantly higher in animals injected with 100 L3 in each thigh, being 9.4% as compared with 2.8%-4.8% in other groups. It is therefore recommended that animals should be injected with 100 L3 in each thigh and that the testing of potential filaricides in this model be carried out during the phase of rapid increase in microfilaraemia to ensure that any microfilaricidal effect can easily be detected.
    Matched MeSH terms: Thigh
  18. Calcinosis of hand and axilla in polymyositis/dermatomyositis
    Zulkifli A
    Med J Malaysia, 1979 Jun;33(4):362-4.
    PMID: 522752
    Matched MeSH terms: Thigh
  19. Fulltext Predictors for Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Re-injury after Successful Primary ACL Reconstruction (ACLR)
    Gupta R, Singhal A, Malhotra A, Soni A, Masih GD, Raghav M
    Malays Orthop J, 2020 Nov;14(3):50-56.
    PMID: 33403062 DOI: 10.5704/MOJ.2011.009
    Introduction: Few authors have addressed risk factors related to an ipsilateral graft rupture and contralateral anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury after return to sports (RTS) following primary ACL reconstruction.

    Material and Methods: Patients with ACL re-injury to either knee after successful primary ACLR were included in Group I and those with no further re-injury were included in Group II. Variables including age, gender, side, body mass index (BMI), thigh atrophy, anterior knee laxity difference between both knees measured by KT-1000 arthrometer, mean time of return to sports (RTS), graft type, type of game, mode of injury, Tegner Activity Score, hormone levels, femoral tunnel length (FTL), posterior tibial slope (PTS) and notch width index (NWI) were studied. Binary logistic regression was used to measure the relative association.

    Results: A total of 128 athletes were included with 64 in each group. Mean age in Group I and II were 24.90 and 26.47 years respectively. Mean follow-up of Group I and Group II were 24.5 and 20.11 months respectively. Significant correlation was present between ACL re-injury and following risk factors; PTS of >10º, KT difference of >3.0mm, thigh atrophy of >2.50cm and time to RTS <9.50 months P value <0.05). No correlation was found with age, sex, BMI, type of game, Tegner Activity Score, mode of injury, NWI, size of graft, FTL and hormone levels.

    Conclusion: Possible risk factors include PTS of ≥ 10º, KT difference of ≥ 3.0mm at 1 year follow-up, thigh atrophy of ≥ 2.50cm at 1 year follow-up and RTS <9.5 months after primary ACLR.

    Matched MeSH terms: Thigh
  20. Fulltext Commando in locoregional recurrence of oropharyngeal carcinoma
    Abdul Azim Al-Abrar Ahmad Kailani, Ahmad Kusyairi Khalid, Mohd Razif Mohamad Yunus, Irfan Mohamad
    Journal of Clinical and Health Sciences, 2020;5(2):61-65.
    MyJurnal
    Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common malignant neoplasm of the upper aerodigestive
    tract, and presentation is usually at the late stages when the diagnosis is made. Recurrence
    after 1st therapy is common especially in the locoregional area of the tumour. For cancers
    affecting the oral cavity, oropharynx, and mandible, “COMMANDO” (Combined
    Mandibulectomy and Neck Dissection Operation) is one of the surgical approaches which
    constitutes of primary tumour resection, mandibulectomy and neck dissection. We describe a
    case of rapid locoregional recurrence following 1st surgical procedure of bilateral tonsillectomy
    and extended neck dissection of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma in a young healthy
    individual without history of alcohol and tobacco abuse involving the right buccal region which
    after positron emission tomography was done, showed involvement of right pterygoid muscles,
    right-sided tongue muscle, and right mandible. The patient underwent redo salvage surgery
    and reconstruction with anterolateral thigh flap.
    Matched MeSH terms: Thigh
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