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A school-based fluoride mouth rinsing programme in Sarawak: a 3-year field study

Chen CJ, Ling KS, Esa R, Chia JC, Eddy A, Yaw SL

Community Dent Oral Epidemiol, 2010 Aug;38(4):310-4.
PMID: 20560998 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0528.2010.00529.x

This study was undertaken to assess the impact of fluoride mouth rinsing on caries experience in a cohort of schoolchildren 3 years after implementation.

Matched MeSH terms: Food
Angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory activity and bioconversion of isoflavones by probiotics in soymilk supplemented with prebiotics

Yeo SK, Liong MT

Int J Food Sci Nutr, 2010 Mar;61(2):161-81.
PMID: 20085504 DOI: 10.3109/09637480903348122

Lactobacillus sp. FTDC 2113, L. acidophilus FTDC 8033, L. acidophilus ATCC 4356, L. casei ATCC 393, Bifidobacterium FTDC 8943 and B. longum FTDC 8643 were incorporated into soymilk supplemented with fructooligosaccharides (FOS), inulin, mannitol, maltodextrin and pectin. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of prebiotics on the bioactivity of probiotic-fermented soymilk. Proteolytic activity was increased in the presence of FOS, while the supplementation of inulin and pectin increased the angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory activity accompanied by lower IC(50) values. The beta-glucosidase activity was also enhanced in the presence of pectin. This led to higher bioconversion of glucosides to aglycones by probiotics, especially genistin and malonyl genistin to genistein. Results from this study indicated that the supplementation of prebiotics enhanced the in-vitro antihypertensive effect and production of bioactive aglycones in probiotic-fermented soymilk. Therefore, this soymilk could potentially be used as a dietary therapy to reduce the risks of hypertension and hormone-dependent diseases such as breast cancer, prostate cancer and osteoporosis.

Matched MeSH terms: Food, Fortified
Fulltext Red cell folate and predicted neural tube defect rate in three Asian cities

Green TJ, Skeaff CM, Venn BJ, Rockell JE, Todd JM, Khor GL, et al.

Asia Pac J Clin Nutr, 2007;16(2):269-73.
PMID: 17468082

Periconceptional folic acid reduces neural tube defect (NTD) risk. Red blood cell folate concentration is inversely associated with NTD risk. In many countries there is a lack of information on NTD rates. Red cell folate status in women of childbearing age may be a surrogate for NTD rates and may be helpful in identifying countries or regions most likely to benefit from improved folate status.

Matched MeSH terms: Food, Fortified
Fulltext Physicochemical and antioxidant properties of Malaysian honeys produced by Apis cerana, Apis dorsata and Apis mellifera

Moniruzzaman M, Khalil MI, Sulaiman SA, Gan SH

BMC Complement Altern Med, 2013;13:43.
PMID: 23433009 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-43

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the physicochemical and antioxidant properties of Malaysian monofloral honey samples-acacia, pineapple and borneo honey-and compare them with tualang honey. Acacia and pineapple honey are produced by Apis mellifera bees while borneo and tualang honey are produced by Apis cerana and Apis dorsata bees, respectively.

Matched MeSH terms: Food Microbiology
A nutrition education intervention for anthropometric and biochemical profiles of rural older Malays with metabolic syndrome

Shahar S, Adznam SN, Lee LK, Yusof NA, Salleh M, Mohamed Sakian NI

Public Health Nurs, 2013 Mar;30(2):140-9.
PMID: 23452108 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1446.2012.01051.x

This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of a nutrition education intervention package in improving anthropometric, clinical and biochemical indicators of rural older Malays with metabolic syndrome (MS).

Matched MeSH terms: Food Habits
Fasciolopsiasis: a first case report from Malaysia

Rohela M, Jamaiah I, Menon J, Rachel J

Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 2005 Mar;36(2):456-8.
PMID: 15916055

Fasciolopsiasis is a disease caused by the largest intestinal fluke, Fasciolopsis buski. The disease is endemic in the Far East and Southeast Asia. Human acquires the infection after eating raw freshwater plants contaminated with the infective metacercariae. There has been no report of fasciolopsiasis either in man or in animal in Malaysia. We are reporting the first case of fasciolopsiasis in Malaysia in a 39-year-old female farmer, a native of Sabah (East Malaysia). This patient complained of cough and fever for a duration of two weeks, associated with loss of appetite and loss of weight. She had no history of traveling overseas. Physical examination showed pallor, multiple cervical and inguinal lymph nodes and hepatosplenomegaly. Laboratory investigations showed that she had iron deficiency anemia. There was leukocytosis and a raised ESR. Lymph node biopsy revealed a caseating granuloma. Stool examination was positive for the eggs of Fasciolopsis buski. The eggs measure 140 x 72.5 microm and are operculated. In this case, the patient did not present with symptoms suggestive of any intestinal parasitic infections. Detection of Fasciolopsis buski eggs in the stool was an incidental finding. She was diagnosed as a case of disseminated tuberculosis with fasciolopsiasis and was treated with antituberculosis drugs and praziquantel, respectively.

Matched MeSH terms: Food Parasitology
Fulltext Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticle-Based Interdigitated Electrodes: A Novel Current to Voltage DNA Biosensor Recognizes E. coli O157:H7

Nadzirah Sh, Azizah N, Hashim U, Gopinath SC, Kashif M

PLoS One, 2015;10(10):e0139766.
PMID: 26445455 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139766

Nanoparticle-mediated bio-sensing promoted the development of novel sensors in the front of medical diagnosis. In the present study, we have generated and examined the potential of titanium dioxide (TiO2) crystalline nanoparticles with aluminium interdigitated electrode biosensor to specifically detect single-stranded E.coli O157:H7 DNA. The performance of this novel DNA biosensor was measured the electrical current response using a picoammeter. The sensor surface was chemically functionalized with (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES) to provide contact between the organic and inorganic surfaces of a single-stranded DNA probe and TiO2 nanoparticles while maintaining the sensing system's physical characteristics. The complement of the target DNA of E. coli O157:H7 to the carboxylate-probe DNA could be translated into electrical signals and confirmed by the increased conductivity in the current-to-voltage curves. The specificity experiments indicate that the biosensor can discriminate between the complementary sequences from the base-mismatched and the non-complementary sequences. After duplex formation, the complementary target sequence can be quantified over a wide range with a detection limit of 1.0 x 10(-13)M. With target DNA from the lysed E. coli O157:H7, we could attain similar sensitivity. Stability of DNA immobilized surface was calculated with the relative standard deviation (4.6%), displayed the retaining with 99% of its original response current until 6 months. This high-performance interdigitated DNA biosensor with high sensitivity, stability and non-fouling on a novel sensing platform is suitable for a wide range of biomolecular interactive analyses.

Matched MeSH terms: Food Microbiology
Reduction of postprandial blood glucose in healthy subjects by buns and flatbreads incorporated with fenugreek seed powder

Robert SD, Ismail AA, Rosli WI

Eur J Nutr, 2016 Oct;55(7):2275-80.
PMID: 26358163 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-015-1037-4

PURPOSE: This study aimed to determine whether fenugreek seed powder could reduce the glycemic response and glycemic index (GI) when added to buns and flatbreads.
METHODS: In a randomised, controlled crossover trial, ten healthy human subjects (five men, five women) were given 50 g glucose (reference food, twice); buns (0 and 10 % fenugreek seed powder); and flatbreads (0 and 10 % fenugreek seed powder) on six different occasions. Finger prick capillary blood samples were collected at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min after the start of the meal. The palatability of the test meals was scored using Likert scales.
RESULTS: The incremental areas under the glucose curve value of buns and flatbreads with 10 % fenugreek (138 ± 17 mmol × min/L; 121 ± 16 mmol × min/L) were significantly lower than those of 0 % fenugreek bun and flatbreads (227 ± 15 mmol × min/L; 174 ± 14 mmol × min/L, P = <0.01). Adding 10 % fenugreek seed powder reduced the GI of buns from 82 ± 5 to 51 ± 7 (P

Matched MeSH terms: Food Handling
Fulltext Vitamin Status among Breastfed Infants in Bhaktapur, Nepal

Ulak M, Chandyo RK, Thorne-Lyman AL, Henjum S, Ueland PM, Midttun Ø, et al.

Nutrients, 2016 Mar 08;8(3):149.
PMID: 27005657 DOI: 10.3390/nu8030149

Vitamin deficiencies are known to be common among infants residing in low- and middle-income countries but relatively few studies have assessed several biochemical parameters simultaneously. The objective of the study was to describe the status of vitamins (A, D, E, B₆, B12 and folate) in breastfed infants. We measured the plasma concentrations of trans retinol, 25 hydroxy vitamin D, α-tocopherol, pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, cobalamin, folate, methylmalonic acid, homocysteine, hemoglobin and C-reactive protein from 467 randomly selected infants. One in five (22%) was deficient in at least one vitamin. Mean (SD) plasma folate concentration was 73 (35) nmol/L, and no infant in the sample was folate deficient. Vitamin B₆ deficiency and vitamin B12 deficiency was found in 22% and 17% of the infants, respectively. Elevated plasma methylmalonic acid or total homocysteine concentration was found in 82% and 62% of infants, respectively. Fifteen percent of infants were vitamin A deficient and 65% were marginally deficient in vitamin A. Fewer than 5% of infants had low plasma vitamin D concentration or vitamin E concentration (α-tocopherol <9.3 µmol/L). Our results illustrate the importance of continued supplementation campaigns and support the expansion of food fortification and dietary diversification programs that target children and women in Nepal.

Matched MeSH terms: Food, Fortified
Fulltext Low physical activity and energy dense Malaysian foods are associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in centrally obese but not in non-centrally obese patients with diabetes mellitus

Chan WK, Tan AT, Vethakkan SR, Tah PC, Vijayananthan A, Goh KL

Asia Pac J Clin Nutr, 2015;24(2):289-98.
PMID: 26078246 DOI: 10.6133/apjcn.2015.24.2.15

To study the dietary intake and level of physical activity (PA) of patients with diabetes mellitus and the association with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

Matched MeSH terms: Food
Fulltext Evolution of diabetes management in the 21st century: the contribution of quality of life measurement in Asians

Goh SG, Rusli BN, Khalid BA

Asia Pac J Clin Nutr, 2015;24(2):190-8.
PMID: 26078234 DOI: 10.6133/apjcn.2015.24.2.04

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a complex and chronic disease with multiple complications leading to increased mortality and poor quality of life. Current studies have shown that lowering glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) confers protection against microvascular complications. However, with more intensive glucose control to achieve HbA1c of less than 6.5%, there seems to be a significant increased risk of mortality and cardiovascular events. The current recommendation worldwide is for "tailoring" of DM management to risk and also quality of Life (QOL) which is a crucial component in determining the success or failure of DM management. In Asia, DM has become a health crisis but there is a lack of QOL assessment tool that is specific for Asians with wide spectrum of ethnicity, languages, religions and socio-economic differences. In this review, we discuss the evolution of DM management over the decade and the issues pertaining to QOL among people living with diabetes in Asia.

Matched MeSH terms: Food Habits
Microbial analysis of Malaysian tempeh, and characterization of two bacteriocins produced by isolates of Enterococcus faecium

Moreno MR, Leisner JJ, Tee LK, Ley C, Radu S, Rusul G, et al.

J Appl Microbiol, 2002;92(1):147-57.
PMID: 11849339

Isolation of bacteriocinogenic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from the Malaysian mould-fermented product tempeh and characterization of the produced bacteriocin(s).

Matched MeSH terms: Food Microbiology
Eosinophilic meningitis beyond the Pacific Basin: the global dispersal of a peridomestic zoonosis caused by Angiostrongylus cantonensis, the nematode lungworm of rats

Kliks MM, Palumbo NE

Soc Sci Med, 1992 Jan;34(2):199-212.
PMID: 1738873 DOI: 10.1016/0277-9536(92)90097-A

The principal etiologic agent of human eosinophilic meningitis, Angiostrongylus cantonensis, was first detected in rats in Canton, China in 1933. The first human case was detected on Taiwan in 1944. Epidemic outbreaks were noted on Ponape (E. Caroline Is.) from 1944 to 1948. The disease may present as transient meningitis or a more severe disease involving the brain, spinal cord and nerve roots, with a characteristic eosinophilia of the peripheral blood and CSF. Since 1961 it has been known that human infections are usually acquired by purposeful or accidental ingestion of infective larvae in terrestrial mollusks, planaria and fresh-water crustacea. There is no effective specific treatment. The African land snail, Achatina fulica played an important role in the panpacific dispersal of the organism: it will be important in Africa in the future as well. Rats were, and will continue to be the principal agents of expansion of the parasite beyond the Indopacific area. During and just after WWII the parasite was introduced, and/or spread passively from South and Southeast Asia into the Western Pacific islands and eastward and southward through Micronesia, Melanesia, Australia and into Polynesia, sequestered in shipments of war material and facilitated by post-war commerce. In the 1950s numerous cases were identified for the first time on Sumatra, the Philippines, Taiwan, Saipan, New Caledonia, and as far east as Rarotonga and Tahiti. Then cases were detected in Vietnam, Thailand, Cambodia, Java, Sarawak, the New Hebrides, Guam and Hawaii during the 1960s. Subsequently in the Pacific Basin the disease has appeared on Okinawa, other Ryukyu islands, Honshu, Kyushu, New Britain, American Samoa and Western Samoa, Australia, Hong Kong, Bombay, India, Fiji and most recently in mainland China. The parasite in rats now occurs throughout the Indopacific Basin and littoral. Beyond the Indopacific region, the worm has been found in rodents in Madagascar (ca 1963), Cuba (1973), Egypt (1977), Puerto Rico (1984), New Orleans, Louisiana (1985) and Port Harcourt, Nigeria (1989). Human infections have now been detected in Cuba (1973), Réunion Island (1974) and Côte d'Ivoire (1979) and should be anticipated wherever infected rats of mollusks have been introduced. Caged primates became infected in zoos in Hong Kong (1978) and New Orleans and Nassau, Bahamas (1987). The use of mollusks and crustacea as famine foods, favored delicacies and medicines has resulted in numerous outbreaks and isolated infections. Economic and political instability, illicit trade, unsanitary peridomestic conditions and lack of health education promote the local occurrence and insidious global expansion of parasitic eosinophilic meningitis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Matched MeSH terms: Food Parasitology
Health risk assessment of heavy metal accumulation in the Buriganga and Turag River systems for Puntius ticto, Heteropneustes fossilis, and Channa punctatus

Baki MA, Shojib MFH, Sehrin S, Chakraborty S, Choudhury TR, Bristy MS, et al.

Environ Geochem Health, 2020 Feb;42(2):531-543.
PMID: 31376046 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-019-00386-4

This study aimed to assess the effects of major ecotoxic heavy metals accumulated in the Buriganga and Turag River systems on the liver, kidney, intestine, and muscle of common edible fish species Puntius ticto, Heteropneustes fossilis, and Channa punctatus and determine the associated health risks. K was the predominant and reported as a major element. A large concentration of Zn was detected in diverse organs of the three edible fishes compared with other metals. Overall, trace metal analysis indicated that all organs (especially the liver and kidney) were under extreme threat because the maximum permissible limit set by different international health organizations was exceeded. The target hazard quotient and target cancer risk due to the trace metal content were the largest for P. ticto. Thus, excessive intake of P. ticto from the rivers Buriganga and Turag could result in chronic risks associated with long-term exposure to contaminants. Histopathological investigations revealed the first detectable indicators of infection and findings of long-term injury in cells, tissues, and organs. Histopathological changes in various tissue structures of fish functioned as key pointers of connection to pollutants, and definite infections and lesion types were established based on biotic pointers of toxic/carcinogenic effects. The analysis of histopathological alterations is a controlling integrative device used to assess pollutants in the environment.

Matched MeSH terms: Food Contamination
Genetic characterization of Escherichia coli O157: H7/- strains carrying the stx2 gene but not producing Shiga toxin 2

Koitabashi T, Vuddhakul V, Radu S, Morigaki T, Asai N, Nakaguchi Y, et al.

Microbiol. Immunol., 2006;50(2):135-48.
PMID: 16490932

Nine Escherichia coli O157: H7/- strains isolated primarily from non-clinical sources in Thailand and Japan carried the stx(2) gene but did not produce Stx2 toxin in a reversed passive latex agglutination (RPLA) assay. A strain (EDL933) bearing a stx(2) phage (933W) was compared to a strain (Thai-12) that was Stx2-negative but contained the stx(2) gene. To study the lack of Stx2 production, the Thai-12 stx(2) gene and its upstream nucleotide sequence were analyzed. The Thai-12 stx(2) coding region was intact and Stx2 was expressed from a cloned stx(2) gene using a plasmid vector and detected using RPLA. A lacZ fusion analysis found the Thai-12 stx(2) promoter non-functional. Because the stx(2) gene is downstream of the late promoter in the stx(2) phage genome, the antitermination activity of Q protein is essential for strong stx(2) transcription. Thai-12 had the q gene highly homologous to that of Phi21 phage but not to the 933W phage. High-level expression of exogenous q genes demonstrated Q antitermination activity was weak in Thai-12. Replication of stx(2) phage was not observed in Stx2-negative strains. The q-stx(2) gene sequence of Thai-12 was well conserved in all Stx2-negative strains. A PCR assay to detect the Thai-12 q-stx(2) sequence demonstrated that 30% of O157 strains from marketed Malaysian beef carried this sequence and they produced little or no Stx2. These results suggest that stx(2)-positive O157 strains that produce little or no Stx2 may be widely distributed in the Asian environment.

Matched MeSH terms: Food Microbiology
Increased work pace is unprofitable: a beef-cutting case study

Vogel K, Karltun J, Yeow PH, Eklund J

Meat Sci, 2015 Jul;105:81-8.
PMID: 25828161 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2015.03.009

The beef industry worldwide is showing a trend towards increased cutting pace aimed at higher profits. However, prior research in the duck meat industry suggested that a higher cutting pace reduced quality and yield, leading to losses. This study aimed to test this hypothesis by investigating the effects of varying beef-cutting paces on yield, quality and economy. A field experiment was conducted on six workers cutting beef fillet, sirloin and entrecôte. Three types of paces were sequentially tested: Baseline (i.e., status quo), 'Quantity focus' (i.e., pace required to maximise quantity) and 'Quality focus' (i.e., pace required to minimise errors). The results showed a significant drop in yield, increased rate of quality deficiency and economic losses with the change to 'Quantity focus' (from Baseline and 'Quality focus') for all meat types. Workers supported these results and also added health problems to the list. The results confirmed that an increased cutting pace is unprofitable.

Matched MeSH terms: Food Quality
From farm to fork: identical clones and Tn6674-like elements in linezolid-resistant Enterococcus faecalis from food-producing animals and retail meat

Elghaieb H, Tedim AP, Abbassi MS, Novais C, Duarte B, Hassen A, et al.

J Antimicrob Chemother, 2020 01 01;75(1):30-35.
PMID: 31605129 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkz419

OBJECTIVES: Increasing numbers of linezolid-resistant Enterococcus carrying optrA are being reported across different niches worldwide. We aimed to characterize the first optrA-carrying Enterococcus faecalis obtained from food-producing animals and retail meat samples in Tunisia.
METHODS: Seven optrA-carrying E. faecalis obtained from chicken faeces (n=3, August 2017) and retail chicken meat (n=4, August 2017) in Tunisia were analysed. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by disc diffusion, broth microdilution and Etest against 13 antibiotics, linezolid and tedizolid, respectively (EUCAST/CLSI). optrA stability (∼600 bacterial generations), transfer (filter mating) and location (S1-PFGE/hybridization) were characterized. WGS (Illumina-HiSeq) was done for four representatives that were analysed through in silico and genomic mapping tools.
RESULTS: Four MDR clones carrying different virulence genes were identified in chicken faeces (ST476) and retail meat (the same ST476 clone plus ST21 and ST859) samples. MICs of linezolid and tedizolid were stably maintained at 8 and 1-2 mg/L, respectively. optrA was located in the same transferable chromosomal Tn6674-like element in ST476 and ST21 clones, similar to isolates from pigs in Malaysia and humans in China. ST859 carried a non-conjugative plasmid of ∼40 kb with an impB-fexA-optrA segment, similar to plasmids from pigs and humans in China.
CONCLUSIONS: The same chromosomal and transferable Tn6674-like element was identified in different E. faecalis clones from humans and animals. The finding of retail meat contaminated with the same linezolid-resistant E. faecalis strain obtained from a food-producing animal highlights the potential role of the food chain in the worrisome dissemination of optrA that can be stably maintained without selective pressure over generations.

Matched MeSH terms: Food Microbiology
Fulltext Antibacterial activity of different degree of hydrolysis of palm kernel expeller peptides against spore-forming and non-spore-forming bacteria

Tan YN, Ayob MK, Osman MA, Matthews KR

Lett Appl Microbiol, 2011 Nov;53(5):509-17.
PMID: 21848644 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765X.2011.03137.x

The goal of this study was to determine inhibitory effect of palm kernel expeller (PKE) peptides of different degree of hydrolysis (DH %) against spore-forming bacteria Bacillus cereus, Bacillus circulans, Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus stearothermophillus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus thuringiensis, Clostridium perfringens; and non-spore-forming bacteria Escherichia coli, Lisinibacillus sphaericus, Listeria monocytogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella Typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus.

Matched MeSH terms: Food Preservation
Optimization of protein extraction for proteomic analyses of fresh and frozen "Musang King" durian pulps

Tan XY, Misran A, Daim LDJ, Lau BYC

Food Chem, 2021 May 01;343:128471.
PMID: 33143964 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128471

Four different methods were evaluated to extract proteins from "Musang King" durian pulps and subsequently proteins with different abundance between fresh and long term frozen storage were identified using two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis coupled with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer analyses. The acetone-phenol method was found to produce good protein yields and gave the highest gel resolution and reproducibility. Differential protein analyses of the durian pulp revealed that 15 proteins were down-regulated and three other proteins were up-regulated after a year of frozen storage. Isoflavone reductase-like protein, S-adenosyl methionine synthase, and cysteine synthase isoform were up-regulated during frozen storage. The down-regulation of proteins in frozen durian pulps indicated that frozen storage has affected proteins in many ways, especially in their functions related to carbohydrate and energy metabolisms, cellular components, and transport processes. This study will enable future detailed investigations of proteins associated with quality attributes of durians to be studied.

Matched MeSH terms: Food Storage
Fulltext Artocarpus altilis extracts as a food-borne pathogen and oxidation inhibitors: RSM, COSMO RS, and molecular docking approaches

Ahmad MN, Karim NU, Normaya E, Mat Piah B, Iqbal A, Ku Bulat KH

Sci Rep, 2020 06 12;10(1):9566.
PMID: 32533034 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66488-7

Lipid oxidation and microbial contamination are the major factors contributing to food deterioration. Food additives like antioxidants and antibacterials can prevent food spoilage by delaying oxidation and preventing the growth of bacteria. Artocarpus altilis leaves exhibited biological properties that suggested its use as a new source of natural antioxidant and antimicrobial. Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) was used to optimize the extraction of bioactive compounds from the leaves using response surface methodology (yield and antioxidant activity). The optimum SFE conditions were 50.5 °C temperature, 3784 psi pressure and 52 min extraction time. Verification test results (Tukey's test) showed that no significant difference between the expected and experimental DPPH activity and yield value (99%) were found. Gas-chromatography -mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis revealed three major bioactive compounds existed in A. altilis extract. The extract demonstrated antioxidant and antibacterial properties with 2,3-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity, ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, tyrosinase mushrrom inhibition of 41.5%, 8.15 ± 1.31 (µg of ascorbic acid equivalents), 32%, 37% and inhibition zone diameter of 0.766 ± 0.06 cm (B. cereus) and 1.27 ± 0.12 cm (E. coli). Conductor like screening model for real solvents (COSMO RS) was performed to explain the extraction mechanism of the major bioactive compounds during SFE. Molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) shows the probability site of nucleophilic and electrophilic attack during bacterial inhibition. Based on molecular docking study, non-covalent interactions are the main interaction occurring between the major bioactive compounds and bacteria (antibacterial inhibition).

Matched MeSH terms: Food Microbiology

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