Displaying publications 21 - 40 of 44 in total

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  1. First Report of Soft Rot Disease Caused by Pectobacterium wasabiae on Sweet Potato, Tomato, and Eggplant in Malaysia
    Golkhandan E, Kamaruzaman S, Sariah M, Abidin MAZ, Nazerian E, Yassoralipour A
    Plant Dis, 2013 May;97(5):685.
    PMID: 30722205 DOI: 10.1094/PDIS-08-12-0759-PDN
    In August 2011, sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), and eggplant (S. melongena) crops from major growing areas of the Cameron highlands and Johor state in Malaysia were affected by a soft rot disease. Disease incidence exceeded 80, 75, and 65% in severely infected fields and greenhouses of sweet potato, tomato, and eggplant, respectively. The disease was characterized by dark and small water-soaked lesions or soft rot symptoms on sweet potato tubers, tomato stems, and eggplant fruits. In addition, extensive discoloration of vascular tissues, stem hollowness, and water-soaked, soft, dark green lesions that turned brown with age were observed on the stem of tomato and eggplant. A survey was performed in these growing areas and 22 isolates of the pathogen were obtained from sweet potato (12 isolates), tomato (6 isolates), and eggplant (4 isolates) on nutrient agar (NA) and eosin methylene blue (EMB) (4). The cultures were incubated at 27°C for 2 days and colonies that were emerald green on EMB or white to gray on NA were selected for further studies. All bacterial cultures isolated from the survey exhibited pectolytic ability on potato slices. These bacterial isolates were gram negative; rod shaped; N-acetylglucosaminyl transferase, gelatin liquefaction, and OPNG positive; and were also positive for acid production from D-galactose, lactosemelibiose, raffinose, citrate, and trehalose. They were negative for indol production, phosphatase activity, reducing substances from sucrose, and negative for acid production from maltose, sorbitol, inositol, inolin, melezitose, α-mathyl-D-glocoside, and D-arabitol. The bacteria did not grow on NA at 37°C. Based on these biochemical and morphological assays, the pathogen was identified as Pectobacterium wasabiae (2). In addition, DNA was extracted and PCR assay with two primers (16SF1 and 16SR1) was performed (4). Partial sequences of 16S rRNA (GenBank Accession Nos. JQ665714, JX494234, and JX513960) of sweet potato, tomato, and eggplant, respectively, exhibited a 99% identity with P. wasabiae strain SR91 (NR_026047 and NR_026047.1). A pathogenicity assay was carried out on sweet potato tubers (cv. Oren), tomato stems (cv. 152177-A), and eggplant fruits (cv. 125066x) with 4 randomly representative isolates obtained from each crop. Sweet potato tubers, tomato stems, and eggplant fruits (4 replications) were sanitized in 70% ethyl alcohol for 30 s, washed and rinsed in sterile distilled water, and needle punctured with a bacterial suspension at a concentration of 108 CFU/ml. Inoculated tubers, stems, and fruits were incubated in a moist chamber at 90 to 100% RH for 72 h at 25°C when lesions were measured. All inoculated tubers, stems, and fruits exhibited soft rot symptoms after 72 h similar to those observed in the fields and greenhouses and the same bacteria were consistently reisolated. Symptoms were not observed on controls. The pathogenicty test was repeated with similar results. P. wasabiae have been previously reported to cause soft rot on Japanese horseradish (3), and aerial stem rot on potato in New Zealand (4), the U.S. (2), and Iran (1). To our knowledge, this is the first report of sweet potato, tomato, and eggplant soft rot caused by P. wasabiae in Malaysia. References: (1) S. Baghaee-Ravari et al. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 129:413, 2011. (2) S. De Boer and A. Kelman. Page 56 in: Laboratory Guide for Identification of Plant Pathogenic Bacteria, 3rd ed. N. Schaad et al., eds. APS Press, St. Paul, 2001. (3) M. Goto et al. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 37:130, 1987. (4) A. R. Pitman et al. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 126:423, 2010.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ipomoea batatas
  2. Recycling of aquaculture wastewater and sediment for sustainable corn and water spinach production
    Van Tung T, Tran QB, Phuong Thao NT, Vi LQ, Hieu TT, Le S, et al.
    Chemosphere, 2020 Dec 15;268:129329.
    PMID: 33360937 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129329
    This study develops a method to reuse aquaculture wastewater and sediment from a catfish pond in order to increase agricultural productivity and protect the environment. Material flow analysis (MFA) is a central concept of this study that involves collecting catfish pond wastewater (CPW) and reusing it to irrigate five water spinach (Ipomoea aquatic) ponds before discharging it into a river. Typically, catfish pond sediment (CPS) was collected and composted to produce organic fertilizer for cornfields. The results revealed that pollutant removal efficiency of wastewater from CPW (by using water spinach) were total organic carbon (TOC) = 38.78%, nitrogen (N) = 27.07%, phosphorous (P) = 58.42%, and potassium (K) = 28.64%. By adding 20 tons of CPS compost per hectare of the cornfield, the corn yield boosted 15% compared to the control field. In addition, the water spinach grew and developed well in the medium of wastewater from the fish pond. Altogether, the results illustrate that catfish pond wastewater and sediment can act as organic fertilizers for crops meanwhile reduce environmental pollution from its reuse.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ipomoea
  3. Thermal Behavior of Selected Starches in Presence of Other Food Ingredients Studied by Differential Scanning Calorimetery (DSC)-Review
    Elgadir MA, Bakar J, Zaidul ISM, Rahman RA, Abbas KA, Hashim DM, et al.
    Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf, 2009 Jul;8(3):195-201.
    PMID: 33467796 DOI: 10.1111/j.1541-4337.2009.00078.x
      This review article highlights the thermal behaviors of selected starches that were studied using differential scanning calorimetery (DSC) with data shown in various research publications. The starches of sago, potato, sweet potato, cassava, yam, and corn are included in this overview. Our examinations indicate that thermal properties are highly affected by the type of starch, its amylose/amylopectin content, and the presence of other food ingredients such as sugar, sodium chloride, water, milk, hydrocolloids, and meat. When the heating temperatures of the starches were increased, the DSC measurements also showed an increase in the temperatures of the gelatinization (onset [To ], peak [Tp ], and conclusion [Tc ]). This may be attributed to the differences in the degree of crystallinity of the starch, which provides structural stability and makes the granule more resistant to gelatinization.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ipomoea batatas
  4. Fulltext Ipomea aquatica crude extract inhibits lipoxygenase, hyaluronidase and xanthine oxidase activities
    Muhammad Helmi Nadri, Kian, Kai Cheng, Pei, Ying Ong, Hong, Yeng L., Nor Zalina Othman, Nur Fashya Musa, et al.
    Journal of Academia Universiti Teknologi MARA Negeri Sembilan, 2020;8(2):9-14.
    MyJurnal
    Ipomea aquatica, locally known as water spinach, is one of the most common vegetable consumed by
    Malaysian. Based on previous studies, crude extract and phenolic compounds of I. aquatica exhibited
    several biological activities including antioxidant, anti-microbial and anti-proliferative. The presence
    of phenolic compounds in I. aquatica may contributed to their ability to inhibit enzymes, chelate
    metals and scavenge free radicals. Currently, no study reported on anti-inflammatory activity of I.
    aquatica with respect to lipoxygenase, hyaluronidase and xanthine oxidase enzymes. The present
    study aims to enhance current knowledge on biological properties of I. aquatica crude extract
    particularly on anti-inflammatory activity. Three enzymes that involve in inflammatory pathway were
    selected in this study including lipoxygenase, hyaluronidase and xanthine oxidase. I. aquatica was
    extracted in methanol and tested for lipoxygenase, hyaluronidase and xanthine oxidase at different
    concentrations using direct enzyme inhibition assay. Lipoxygenase, hyaluronidase and xanthine
    oxidase inhibitory activities of the methanol crude extract increased with increasing
    concentration. Highest inhibition activity against lipoxygenase, hyaluronidase and xanthine oxidase
    were observed at a concentration of 1000 µg/ml with inhibition of 87.18%, 95.36% and 78.38%,
    respectively. Our finding in this study indicates potential anti-inflammatory activity of I. aquatica
    crude extract through inhibition of lipoxygenase, hyaluronidase and xanthine oxidase.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ipomoea
  5. Fulltext Carotenoids retention in leafy vegetables based on cooking methods
    Chang, S.K., Nagendra Prasad, K., Amin, I.
    International Food Research Journal, 2013;20(1):457-465.
    MyJurnal
    Green leafy vegetables are good sources of carotenoids. Generally, food composition databases related to raw foods are available, but data on cooked foods in Malaysia are still lacking. Since carotenoids are prone to degradation during cooking processes, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the extent of nutrient loss in vegetables subjected to two conventional cooking methods, which were boiling and stir-frying with cooking durations of 4 and 8 minutes. The vegetables selected were Chinese cabbage (Brassica Pekinensis var. cephalata), swamp cabbage (Ipomoea aquatica), spinach (Spinacia oleracea), Ceylon spinach (Basella rubra), red spinach (Amaranthus gangeticus), white spinach (Amaranthus viridis) and tapioca shoots (Manihot utilissima). Percentage losses of nutrients after cooking treatment were calculated based on retention factors. Results obtained showed that stir-frying had reduced lutein content for all vegetables ranging from 8-89% while the effect of boiling for lutein varied (0-428%) with different vegetables at both cooking durations of 4 and 8 min. Boiling for 8 min increased retention of β carotene in all vegetables ranging from 18-380% except for Chinese cabbage and spinach compared with 4 min, while stir-frying generally increased the retention of β-carotene for all vegetables 2-3 times except for spinach. Cooked vegetables have variations in carotenoids composition brought by varying cooking conditions (time and temperature), type of vegetables and the interaction between cooking methods and type of vegetables.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ipomoea
  6. Fulltext Physico-chemical and flowability characteristics of a new variety of Malaysian sweet potato, VitAto Flour
    Mohd Hanim, A.B., Chin, N.L., Yusof, Y.A.
    International Food Research Journal, 2014;21(5):2099-2107.
    MyJurnal
    Proximate, functional and pasting properties of a new variety of sweet potato, VitAto, flour, known for its high vitamin A contents, were compared with two other commercial sweet potatoes, Bukit Naga and Okinawan, flour available in Malaysia. The recoveries of each sweet potato from milling were not significantly different at about 20% but in proximate analysis, the VitAto presented the highest protein (5.7%) and dietary fiber (14.8%) contents with more energy 399.6 kcal/100 g produced. The VitAto flour has average particle size of 132.04 μm. The pasting temperature of the VitAto flour was 65oC, with highest setback and trough viscosity values of 530.90 and 197.20 mPa.s, respectively. The flour is classified as easy flowing and stable powders. This study provides information which helps in the handling, packing and storage of sweet potato flours. It also shows that the VitAto flour has an array of functional, pasting and proximate properties that can facilitate its uses in many areas with better nutritional properties.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ipomoea batatas
  7. Fulltext The physicochemical properties of microwave-assisted encapsulated anthocyanins from Ipomoea batatas as affected by different wall materials
    Mohd Nawi N, Muhamad II, Mohd Marsin A
    Food Sci Nutr, 2015 Mar;3(2):91-9.
    PMID: 25838887 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.132
    This study focuses on the impact of different wall materials on the physicochemical properties of microwave-assisted encapsulated anthocyanins from Ipomoea batatas. Using the powder characterization technique, purple sweet potato anthocyanin (PSPAs) powders were analysed for moisture content, water activity, dissolution time, hygroscopicity, color and morphology. PSPAs were produced using different wall materials: maltodextrin (MD), gum arabic (GA) and a combination of gum arabic and maltodextrin (GA + MD) at a 1:1 ratio. Each of the wall materials was homogenized to the core material at a core/wall material ratio of 5 and were microencapsulated by microwave-assisted drying at 1100 W. Results indicated that encapsulated powder with the GA and MD combination presented better quality of powder with the lowest value of moisture content and water activity. With respect to morphology, the microcapsule encapsulated with GA + MD showed several dents in coating surrounding its core material, whereas other encapsulated powders showed small or slight dents entrapped onto the bioactive compound. Colorimetric analysis showed changes in values of L, a*, b*, hue and chroma in the reconstituted powder compared to the initial powder.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ipomoea batatas
  8. Fulltext Ipomoea aquatica extract shows protective action against thioacetamide-induced hepatotoxicity
    Alkiyumi SS, Abdullah MA, Alrashdi AS, Salama SM, Abdelwahab SI, Hadi AH
    Molecules, 2012;17(5):6146-55.
    PMID: 22617138 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17056146
    In the Indian system of traditional medicine (Ayurveda) it is recommended to consume Ipomoea aquatica to mitigate disorders like jaundice. In this study, the protective effects of ethanol extract of I. aquatica against liver damage were evaluated in thioacetamide (TAA)-induced chronic hepatotoxicity in rats. There was no sign of toxicity in the acute toxicity study, in which Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were orally fed with I. aquatica (250 and 500 mg/kg) for two months along with administration of TAA (i.p injection 200 mg/kg three times a week for two months). The results showed that the treatment of I. aquatica significantly lowered the TAA-induced serum levels of hepatic enzyme markers (ALP, ALT, AST, protein, albumin, bilirubin and prothrombin time). The hepatic content of activities and expressions SOD and CAT that were reduced by TAA were brought back to control levels by the plant extract supplement. Meanwhile, the rise in MDA level in the TAA receiving groups also were significantly reduced by I. aquatica treatment. Histopathology of hepatic tissues by H&E and Masson trichrome stains displayed that I. aquatica has reduced the incidence of liver lesions, including hepatic cells cloudy swelling, infiltration, hepatic necrosis, and fibrous connective tissue proliferation induced by TAA in rats. Therefore, the results of this study show that the protective effect of I. aquatica in TAA-induced liver damage might be contributed to its modulation on detoxification enzymes and its antioxidant and free radical scavenger effects. Moreover, it confirms a scientific basis for the traditional use of I. aquatica for the treatment of liver disorders.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ipomoea/chemistry*
  9. Fulltext Oviposition deterring and oviciding potentials of Ipomoea cairica L. leaf extract against dengue vectors
    Ahbirami R, Zuharah WF, Yahaya ZS, Dieng H, Thiagaletchumi M, Fadzly N, et al.
    Trop Biomed, 2014 Sep;31(3):456-65.
    PMID: 25382472
    Bioprospecting of plant-based insecticides for vector control has become an area of interest within the last two decades. Due to drawbacks of chemical insecticides, phytochemicals of plant origin with mosquito control potential are being utilized as alternative sources in integrated vector control. In this regard, the present study aimed to investigate oviposition deterring and oviciding potentials of Ipomoea cairica (L.) (Family: Convolvulaceae) crude leaf extract against dengue vectors, Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. Ipomoea cairica is an indigenous plant that has demonstrated marked toxicity towards larvae of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus. Leaves of I. cairica were extracted using Soxhlet apparatus with acetone as solvent. Oviposition deterrent activity and ovicidal assay was carried out in oviposition site choice tests with three different concentrations (50, 100, 450 ppm). Acetone extract of I. cairica leaf strongly inhibited oviposition with 100% repellence to Ae. aegypti at lower concentration of 100 ppm, while for Ae. albopictus was at 450 ppm. The oviposition activity index (OAI) values which ranged from -0.69 to -1.00 revealed that I. cairica demonstrated deterrent effect. In ovicidal assay, similar trend was observed whereby zero hatchability was recorded for Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus eggs at 100 and 450 ppm, respectively. It is noteworthy that I. cairica leaf extract had significantly elicited dual properties as oviposition deterrent and oviciding agent in both Aedes species. Reduction in egg number through oviposition deterring activity, reduction in hatching percentage and survival rates, suggested an additional hallmark of this plant to be integrated in Aedes mosquito control. Ipomoea cairica deserved to be considered as one of the potential alternative sources for the new development of novel plant based insecticides in future.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ipomoea/chemistry*
  10. Fulltext Sweet potato for type 2 diabetes mellitus
    Ooi CP, Loke SC
    Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2013 Sep 03.
    PMID: 24000051 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD009128.pub3
    BACKGROUND: Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) is among the most nutritious subtropical and tropical vegetables. It is also used in traditional medicine practices for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Research in animal and human models suggests a possible role of sweet potato in glycaemic control.

    OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects of sweet potato for type 2 diabetes mellitus.

    SEARCH METHODS: We searched several electronic databases, including The Cochrane Library (2013, Issue 1), MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, SIGLE and LILACS (all up to February 2013), combined with handsearches. No language restrictions were used.

    SELECTION CRITERIA: We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that compared sweet potato with a placebo or a comparator intervention, with or without pharmacological or non-pharmacological interventions.

    DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two authors independently selected the trials and extracted the data. We evaluated risk of bias by assessing randomisation, allocation concealment, blinding, completeness of outcome data, selective reporting and other potential sources of bias.

    MAIN RESULTS: Three RCTs met our inclusion criteria: these investigated a total of 140 participants and ranged from six weeks to five months in duration. All three studies were performed by the same trialist. Overall, the risk of bias of these trials was unclear or high. All RCTs compared the effect of sweet potato preparations with placebo on glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus. There was a statistically significant improvement in glycosylated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) at three to five months with 4 g/day sweet potato preparation compared to placebo (mean difference -0.3% (95% confidence interval -0.6 to -0.04); P = 0.02; 122 participants; 2 trials). No serious adverse effects were reported. Diabetic complications and morbidity, death from any cause, health-related quality of life, well-being, functional outcomes and costs were not investigated.

    AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: There is insufficient evidence about the use of sweet potato for type 2 diabetes mellitus. In addition to improvement in trial methodology, issues of standardization and quality control of preparations - including other varieties of sweet potato - need to be addressed. Further observational trials and RCTs evaluating the effects of sweet potato are needed to guide any recommendations in clinical practice.

    Matched MeSH terms: Ipomoea batatas/chemistry*
  11. Kodamaea transpacifica f.a., sp. nov., a yeast species isolated from ephemeral flowers and insects in the Galapagos Islands and Malaysia: further evidence for ancient human transpacific contacts
    Freitas LFD, Barriga EJC, Barahona PP, Lachance MA, Rosa CA
    Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, 2013 Nov;63(Pt 11):4324-4329.
    PMID: 24014626 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.052282-0
    Twenty-four yeast strains were isolated from ephemeral flowers of Ipomoea spp. and Datura sp. and their associated insects in the Galápagos Archipelago, Ecuador, and from Ipomoea spp. and associated insects in the Cameron Highlands, Malaysia. Sequences of the D1/D2 domains of the large subunit rRNA gene indicated that these strains belong to a novel yeast species of the Kodamaea clade, although the formation of ascospores was not observed. The closest relative is Candida restingae. The human-mediated dispersion of this species by transpacific contacts in ancient times is suggested. The name Kodamaea transpacifica f.a., sp. nov. is proposed to accommodate these isolates. The type strain is CLQCA-24i-070(T) ( = CBS 12823(T) = NCYC 3852(T)); MycoBank number MB 803609.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ipomoea/microbiology*
  12. Fulltext Water Spinach, Ipomoea aquatic (Convolvulaceae), Ameliorates Lead Toxicity by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis
    Dewanjee S, Dua TK, Khanra R, Das S, Barma S, Joardar S, et al.
    PLoS One, 2015;10(10):e0139831.
    PMID: 26473485 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139831
    BACKGROUND: Ipomoea aquatica (Convolvulaceae), an aquatic edible plant, is traditionally used against heavy metal toxicity in India. The current study intended to explore the protective role of edible (aqueous) extract of I. aquatica (AEIA) against experimentally induced Pb-intoxication.

    METHODS: The cytoprotective role of AEIA was measured on mouse hepatocytes by cell viability assay followed by Hoechst staining and flow cytometric assay. The effect on ROS production, lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation, intracellular redox status were measured after incubating the hepatocytes with Pb-acetate (6.8 μM) along with AEIA (400 μg/ml). The effects on the expressions of apoptotic signal proteins were estimated by western blotting. The protective role of AEIA was measured by in vivo assay in mice. Haematological, serum biochemical, tissue redox status, Pb bioaccumulation and histological parameters were evaluated to estimate the protective role of AEIA (100 mg/kg) against Pb-acetate (5 mg/kg) intoxication.

    RESULTS: Pb-acetate treated hepatocytes showed a gradual reduction of cell viability dose-dependently with an IC50 value of 6.8 μM. Pb-acetate treated hepatocytes exhibited significantly enhanced levels (p < 0.01) of ROS production, lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation with concomitant depletion (p < 0.01) of antioxidant enzymes and GSH. However, AEIA treatment could significantly restore the aforementioned parameters in murine hepatocytes near to normalcy. Besides, AEIA significantly reversed (p < 0.05-0.01) the alterations of transcription levels of apoptotic proteins viz. Bcl 2, Bad, Cyt C, Apaf-1, cleaved caspases [caspase 3, caspase 8 and caspase 9], Fas and Bid. In in vivo bioassay, Pb-acetate treatment caused significantly high intracellular Pb burden and oxidative pressure in the kidney, liver, heart, brain and testes in mice. In addition, the haematological and serum biochemical factors were changed significantly in Pb-acetate-treated animals. AEIA treatment restored significantly the evaluated-parameters to the near-normal position.

    CONCLUSION: The extract may offer the protective effect via counteracting with Pb mediated oxidative stress and/or promoting the elimination of Pb by chelating. The presence of substantial quantities of flavonoids, phenolics and saponins would be responsible for the overall protective effect.

    Matched MeSH terms: Ipomoea/chemistry*
  13. Effect of Ipomoea aquatica ethanolic extract in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats via1H NMR-based metabolomics approach
    Abu Bakar Sajak A, Mediani A, Maulidiani, Mohd Dom NS, Machap C, Hamid M, et al.
    Phytomedicine, 2017 Dec 01;36:201-209.
    PMID: 29157816 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2017.10.011
    BACKGROUND: Ipomoea aquatica (locally known as "kangkung") has previously been reported to have hypoglycemic activities on glucose level in diabetes patients. However, the effect of I. aquatica ethanolic extract on the metabolites in the body has remained unknown.

    PURPOSE: This study provides new insights on the changes of endogenous metabolites caused by I. aquatica ethanolic extract and improves the understanding on the therapeutic efficacy and mechanism of I. aquatica ethanolic extract.

    METHODS: By using a combination of 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) with multivariate analysis (MVDA), the changes of metabolites due to I. aquatica ethanolic extract administration in obese diabetic-induced Sprague Dawley rats (OB+STZ+IA) were identified.

    RESULTS: The results suggested 19 potential biomarkers with variable importance projections (VIP) above 0.5, which include creatine/creatinine, glucose, creatinine, citrate, carnitine, 2-oxoglutarate, succinate, hippurate, leucine, 1-methylnicotinamice (MNA), taurine, 3-hydroxybutyrate (3-HB), tryptophan, lysine, trigonelline, allantoin, formiate, acetoacetate (AcAc) and dimethylamine. From the changes in the metabolites, the affected pathways and aspects of metabolism were identified.

    CONCLUSION: I. aquatica ethanolic extract increases metabolite levels such as creatinine/creatine, carnitine, MNA, trigonelline, leucine, lysine, 3-HB and decreases metabolite levels, including glucose and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) intermediates. This implies capabilities of I. aquatica ethanolic extract promoting glycolysis, gut microbiota and nicotinate/nicotinamide metabolism, improving the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and reducing the β-oxidation rate. However, the administration of I. aquatica ethanolic extract has several drawbacks, such as unimproved changes in amino acid metabolism, especially in reducing branched chain amino acid (BCAA) synthesis pathways and lipid metabolism.

    Matched MeSH terms: Ipomoea/chemistry*
  14. Polyphenolic profiling of Ipomoea carnea Jacq. by HPLC-DAD and its implications in oxidative stress and cancer
    Khan MZI, Zahra SS, Ahmed M, Fatima H, Mirza B, Haq IU, et al.
    Nat Prod Res, 2019 Jul;33(14):2099-2104.
    PMID: 29873254 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2018.1482551
    Ipomoea carnea Jacq. is an important folklore medicinal plant, assessed for its underexplored biological potential. Antioxidant, cytotoxic, antiproliferative and polyphenolic profile of whole plant was evaluated using various techniques. Maximum extract recovery (29% w/w), phenolic [13.54 ± 0.27 μg GAE/mg dry weight (DW)] and flavonoid (2.11 ± 0.10 μg QE /mg DW) content were recorded in methanol-distilled water (1:1) flower extract. HPLC-DAD analysis quantified substantial amount of six different polyphenols ranging from 0.081 to 37.95 μg/mg extract. Maximum total antioxidant and reducing potential were documented in methanol-distilled water and acetone-distilled water flower extracts (42.62 ± 0.47 and 24.38 ± 0.39 μg AAE/mg DW) respectively. Ethanol-chloroform root extract manifested highest free radical scavenging (IC50 of 61.22 μg/mL) while 94.64% of the extracts showed cytotoxicity against brine shrimps. Ethanol leaf extract exhibited remarkable activity against THP-1 cell line (IC50 = 8 ± 0.05 μg/mL) and protein kinases (31 mm phenotype bald zone).
    Matched MeSH terms: Ipomoea/chemistry*
  15. Penghasilan Sirap Glukosa Berfruktosa Tinggi dari Kanji Ubi Keledek Msp94 (Production of High Fructose Glucose Syrup from Sweet Potato MSP94 Starch)
    Hasnah Haron, Osman Hassan, Mamot Said
    Sains Malaysiana, 2005;34.
    This study comprised of physicochemical characterizations of starch extracted from Msp94 sweet potato tuber and production of high fructose glucose syrup from the starch. Msp94 sweet potato starch consisted of 7.3% water, 0.2% protein, 0.4% fat, 1.3% total ash, 94.8% total carbohydrates, 83.0% starch and 20.6% apparent amylose. The starch granules were spherical, polygonal and irregular in shapes with the size of 13-14 mm. Enzymatic hydrolysis of Msp94 sweet potato starch for 24,48, 72 hours, using a mixture of amyglucosidase-pullulanase enzymes during saccharification process, produced starch hydrolysates with dextrose equivalent (DE) of 94.8, 99.1, 99.3 respectively. This is followed by reduction in viscosity of the starch hydrolysates. Conversion of the Msp94 starch to percent of glucose after hydrolysing for 24,48 and 72 hours were 97.1%, 109.5% and 103.2%, respectively. Msp94 starch hydrolysates was then purified using three types of ion exchange resins and isomerized to highfructose syrup using glucose isomerase enzyme (Sweetzyme T). Thefructose content in isomerized Msp94 syrup was (43.8-46.5%) was comparable to the fructose content (44%) in commercial High Fructose Corn Syrup (HFCS) 42.
    [Kajian ini merangkumi pencirian fizikokimia kanji yang diekstrak daripada ubi keledek Msp94 dan penghasilan sirap glukosa berfruktosa tinggi daripada kanji ini. Kanji ubi keledek Msp94 mengandungi 7.3% air, 0.2% protein, 0.4% lemak, 1.3% abu total, 94.8% karbohidrat total, 83.0% kanji dan 20.6% amilosa ketara. Purata saiz granul kanji adalah 13-14 mm, berbentuk bulat, poligon dan bentuk yang tidak tetap. Hidrolisis berenzim menggunakan gabungan enzim glukoamilase-pululanase dalam proses sakarifikasi, yang dijalankan ke atas kanji ubi keledek Msp94 selama 24, 48, 72 jam menghasilkan hidrolisat kanji dengan setaraan dekstrosa (DE) masing-masing pada 94.8, 99.1, 99.3. 1ni diikuti dengan kelikatan hidrolisat kanji yang semakin menurun. Penukaran kanji Msp94 kepada peratus glukosa adalah sebanyak 97.1 %, 109.5% dan 103.2% setelah dihidrolisis selama 24,48 dan 72 jam. Hidrolisat kanji Msp94 ditulenkan menggunakan tiga jenis resin penukar ion dan diisomer kepada sirap berfruktosa tinggi menggunakan enzim glukosa isomerase (Sweetzyme T). Kandungan fruktosa (43.8-46.5%) dalam sirap Msp94 yang telah diisomer adalah setara dengan kandunganfruktosa (44%) dalam sirap komersial, High Fructose Corn Syrup (HFCS) 42].
    Matched MeSH terms: Ipomoea batatas
  16. Two Groups of Phytoplasmas from Japan Distinguished on the Basis of Amplification and Restriction Analysis of 16S rDNA
    Okuda S, Prince JP, Davis RE, Dally EL, Lee IM, Mogen B, et al.
    Plant Dis, 1997 Mar;81(3):301-305.
    PMID: 30861775 DOI: 10.1094/PDIS.1997.81.3.301
    Phytoplasmas (mycoplasmalike organisms, MLOs) associated with mitsuba (Japanese hone-wort) witches'-broom (JHW), garland chrysanthemum witches'-broom (GCW), eggplant dwarf (ED), tomato yellows (TY), marguerite yellows (MY), gentian witches'-broom (GW), and tsu-wabuki witches'-broom (TW) in Japan were investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of DNA and restriction enzyme analysis of PCR products. The phytoplasmas could be separated into two groups, one containing strains JHW, GCW, ED, TY, and MY, and the other containing strains GW and TW, corresponding to two groups previously recognized on the basis of transmission by Macrosteles striifrons and Scleroracus flavopictus, respectively. The strains transmitted by M. striifrons were classified in 16S rRNA gene group 16SrI, which contains aster yellows and related phytoplasma strains. Strains GW and TW were classified in group 16SrIII, which contains phytoplasmas associated with peach X-disease, clover yellow edge, and related phytoplasmas. Digestion of amplified 16S rDNA with HpaII indicated that strains GW and TW were affiliated with subgroup 16SrIII-B, which contains clover yellow edge phytoplasma. All seven strains were distinguished from other phytoplasmas, including those associated with clover proliferation, ash yellows, elm yellows, and beet leafhopper-transmitted virescence in North America, and Malaysian periwinkle yellows and sweet potato witches'-broom in Asia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ipomoea batatas
  17. Starch from the Sago (Metroxylon sagu) Palm Tree-Properties, Prospects, and Challenges as a New Industrial Source for Food and Other Uses
    Karim AA, Tie AP, Manan DMA, Zaidul ISM
    Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf, 2008 Jul;7(3):215-228.
    PMID: 33467803 DOI: 10.1111/j.1541-4337.2008.00042.x
      The common industrial starches are typically derived from cereals (corn, wheat, rice, sorghum), tubers (potato, sweet potato), roots (cassava), and legumes (mung bean, green pea). Sago (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.) starch is perhaps the only example of commercial starch derived from another source, the stem of palm (sago palm). Sago palm has the ability to thrive in the harsh swampy peat environment of certain areas. It is estimated that there are about 2 million ha of natural sago palm forests and about 0.14 million ha of planted sago palm at present, out of a total swamp area of about 20 million ha in Asia and the Pacific Region, most of which are under- or nonutilized. Growing in a suitable environment with organized farming practices, sago palm could have a yield potential of up to 25 tons of starch per hectare per year. Sago starch yield per unit area could be about 3 to 4 times higher than that of rice, corn, or wheat, and about 17 times higher than that of cassava. Compared to the common industrial starches, however, sago starch has been somewhat neglected and relatively less attention has been devoted to the sago palm and its starch. Nevertheless, a number of studies have been published covering various aspects of sago starch such as molecular structure, physicochemical and functional properties, chemical/physical modifications, and quality issues. This article is intended to piece together the accumulated knowledge and highlight some pertinent information related to sago palm and sago starch studies.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ipomoea batatas
  18. Fulltext Effect of orange sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) flour on the physical properties of fried extruded fish crackers
    Cheow, C.S., Noorakmar, A.W., Norizzah, A.R., Mohd Zahid, A., Ruzaina, I.
    International Food Research Journal, 2012;19(2):657-664.
    MyJurnal
    The effects of orange sweet potato flour addition to tapioca starch on the expansion, oil absorption,
    bulk density, water absorption index (WAI), water solubility index (WSI), hardness and colour of fried extruded fish crackers were investigated. The microstructure properties were assessed by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) and the sensory properties of fried extruded fish crackers were determined by quantitative descriptive analysis method. The shape and texture of the product were similar to that of normal breakfast cereal. Light brownish and slightly harder texture was obtained with addition of orange sweet potato flour to tapioca starch in the fried extruded fish crackers. The bulk density and water solubility index (WSI) increased with the increase in orange sweet potato flour addition. However, water absorption index (WAI), linear expansion, expansion ratio, volume expansion and oil absorption decreased as the amount of orange sweet potato increased. The microstructure studies revealed that fried extruded fish crackers with high percentage of orange sweet potato flour had small air cells and thick cell wall. The fried extruded fish crackers with 30% fish, 14% orange sweet potato flour and 56% tapioca starch had high crispiness score and accepted by the trained panellists.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ipomoea batatas
  19. Fulltext Determination of Vitamin C, β-carotene and Riboflavin Contents in Five Green Vegetables Organically and Conventionally Grown
    Malays J Nutr, 2003;9(1):-.
    MyJurnal
    As consumer interest in organically grown vegetables is increasing in Malaysia, there is a need to answer whether the vegetables are more nutritious than those conventionally grown. This study investigates commercially available vegetables grown organically and conventionally, purchased from retailers to analyse â-carotene, vitamin C and riboflavin contents. Five types of green vegetables were selected, namely Chinese mustard (sawi) (Brassica juncea), Chinese kale (kailan) (Brassica alboglabra), lettuce (daun salad) (Lactuca sativa), spinach (bayam putih) (Amaranthus viridis) and swamp cabbage (kangkung) (Ipomoea aquatica). For vitamin analysis, a reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography was used to identify and quantify β-carotene, vitamin C and riboflavin. The findings showed that not all of the organically grown vegetables were higher in vitamins than that conventionally grown. This study found that only swamp cabbage grown organically was highest in β-carotene , vitamin C and riboflavin contents among the entire samples studied. The various nutrients in organically grown vegetables need to be analysed for the generation of a database on nutritional value which is important for future research.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ipomoea
  20. Rapid detection and enumeration of pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus in raw vegetables from retail outlets
    International Food Research Journal, 2011;18(1):67-78.
    MyJurnal
    This study aims to determine the frequency and density of potentially pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus, defined as those possessing thermostable-direct hemolysin (tdh) and/or tdh-related hemolysin (trh) genes, in raw salad vegetables at retail level in Selangor, Malaysia. A combination of Most Probable Number - Polymerase Chain Reaction (MPN-PCR) method was applied to detect the presence of tdh and/or trh gene-possessing V. parahaemolyticus and to enumerate their density in the samples. A total of 276 samples of vegetables commonly eaten raw in Malaysia (Cabbage = 30; Carrot = 31; Cucumber = 28; Four winged bean = 26; Indian pennywort = 17; Japanese parsley = 21; Lettuce = 16; Long bean = 32; Sweet potato = 29; Tomato = 38; Wild cosmos = 8) were analyzed. The samples were purchased from two supermarkets (A and B) and two wet markets (C and D). With the MPN-PCR technique, about 12.0% of the samples were positive for the presence of V. parahaemolyticus tdh-positive, with maximum densities of up to 39 MPN/g. The total frequency of V. parahaemolyticus trh-positive in the samples was 10.1%, with maximum concentration 15 MPN/g. V. parahaemolyticus tdh-positive was most prevalent in samples from Wet Market C (20.78%) and also in vegetable type Oenanthe stolonifera (Japanese parsley) with 19.0%, while V. parahaemolyticus trhpositive was predominant in samples from Wet Market D (16.7%) and was most frequent in both Oenanthe stolonifera (Japanese parsley) and Cucumis sativus (Cucumber) with 14.3% prevalence for each type. The results highlighted the fact that raw vegetables could be contaminated with virulent V. parahaemolyticus and could act as a transmission route, thus poses risk to consumers from the consumption of raw vegetables. To the author’s knowledge, this is the first assessment of V. parahaemolyticus carrying tdh and trh genes in raw
    vegetables from retail outlets in Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ipomoea batatas
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