MyMedR

Morphological analysis of various rugae patterns among Dravidian population

Selvamani M, Bindiya PK, Bhojaraju N, Bastian TS, Suhana HS, Mathew M

J Oral Maxillofac Pathol, 2019 9 14;23(2):295-299.

PMID: 31516240 DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.JOMFP_277_18

Aim: The aim of this study was to analyze and identify differences in the palatal rugae patterns and genderwise distributions in three different populations (Kerala, Mahe and Puducherry).

Materials and Methods: Ninety maxillary study models (30 from each group including males and females) were examined in the age group ranging from 18 to 25 years. The palatal rugae pattern was analyzed for shape.

Results: After analyzing the rugae patterns among the groups, the most common pattern was the wavy pattern (53.57%) followed by curved (18.22%) and straight (13.66%). The least was circular (1.3%). When compared between sex, the most common pattern was found to be wavy (male - 54.3% and female - 53.09%), while the curved pattern was more common among the females (21.09%) than males (13.97%). The straight pattern was more common among the males (18.8%) than females (10.18%). The least common pattern was found to be the circular in both sexes which accounted for around 1%.

Conclusion: This study shows no two palates are identical in terms of their rugae pattern. Palatal rugae possess unique characteristics as they are absolutely individualistic. Study also confirms that the "wavy" type of palatal rugae pattern was the most predominant among these three populations.

Matched MeSH terms: Palate

Fulltext Four siblings with congenital scoliosis and dysmorphism: a rare case of familial spondylocostal dysostosis

Sharina, M.K., Norliyana, M., Kamalnizat, I., Azmi, B., Mohd Hisam, M.A.

Medicine & Health, 2020;15(1):266-273.

MyJurnal

Skoliosis kongenital adalah perkembangan tulang belakang yang tidak normal yang merangkumi pembentukan sebahagian tulang sahaja, kurangnya pemisahan di antara tulang belakang atau kehilangan bahagian tertentu tulang belakang. Etiologi sebenar skoliosis kongenital masih tidak jelas. Walau bagaimanapun, ia dipengaruhi oleh kecenderungan genetik dan faktor persekitaran. Kami melaporkan siri kes skoliosis kongenital dengan ciri-ciri dismorfik dalam empat orang adik-beradik dan membincangkan mengenai sindrom spondylocostal dysostosis yang mempunyai kaitan dengan skoliosis kongenital. Ciri-ciri dismorfik termasuk hipertelorisme, ‘ptosis’ kedua-dua mata, 'high arch palate', langit-langit yang tinggi dan leher ‘webbed’. Pembedahan instrumentasi tulang belakang dilakukan dalam tiga adik beradik. Semua pesakit pulih dengan baik selepas pembedahan tanpa komplikasi kecederaan saraf. Rawatan susulan pada tahun pertama dan kedua selepas pembedahan menunjukkan tiada perubahan pada kadar lengkung dan tulang belakang telah bercantum.

Matched MeSH terms: Palate

Fulltext Orthodontic management of an erupted mesiodens: a case report

Noraini Abu Bakar

International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2017;16(21):65-65.

MyJurnal

Hyperdontia is the condition of having supernumerary tooth, or teeth, which appear
in addition to the regular number of teeth. It is a developmental anomaly and has been argued to
arise from multiple aetiologies. It may remain embedded in the alveolar bone or can erupt into the
oral cavity. Mesiodens is a supernumerary tooth located in the anterior maxilla, placed palatally or
in between the maxillary central incisors. (Copied from article).

Matched MeSH terms: Palate

The use of facial artery musculomucosal (FAMM) readvancement flap in closure of recurrent oronasal fistula

Ariffuddin I, Arman Zaharil MS, Wan Azman WS, Ahmad Sukari H

Med J Malaysia, 2018 04;73(2):112-113.

PMID: 29703876 MyJurnal

High failure rate for recurrent palatal fistulas closure pose a great challenge to plastic surgeons. Tongue and facial artery musculomucosal (FAMM) flaps are the more commonly used flaps for closure of these recurrent fistulas. We report a case of a formerly inset FAMM flap to effectively close a previously repaired oronasal fistula.

Matched MeSH terms: Palate

Congenital cleft lip and palate in Singapore

Fong PH, Yeap CL, Lee ST

Ann Acad Med Singap, 1983 Apr;12(2 Suppl):363-5.

PMID: 6625521

Cleft lip and palate is the most common congenital abnormality seen in the Department of Plastic Surgery, Singapore General Hospital. A total of 461 operative cases seen over a period of 5 years (1977 to 1981) is analysed. There is a relatively high incidence in the Singapore population of 2.0 per 1000 live births. In both cleft lip and cleft palate deformities, there is no significant difference in the sex distribution. The cleft patterns show that 78% of the cases are unilateral clefts, 53% are left sided, 25% are right sided and 22% of the cases are bilateral clefts.

Matched MeSH terms: Cleft Palate/epidemiology*; Palate/pathology

Multiple milia in a newborn with congenital malformations: oral-facial-digital syndrome type 1

Nanda A, Sharaf A, Alsaleh QA

Pediatr Dermatol, 2011 4 22;27(6):669-70.

PMID: 21510010

Oral-facial-digital syndrome type 1 (OMIM #311200) is an X-linked dominant, developmental disorder. Among the 13 described clinical variants of oral-facial-digital syndrome, oral-facial-digital syndrome type 1 is of significance to dermatologists due to presence of congenital milia and hypotrichosis, not described in other variants. Since oral-facial-digital syndrome type 1 is genetically a distinct entity, awareness of these features help to clinically delineate this from other variants.

Matched MeSH terms: Cleft Palate/pathology*

Modified palatal flap--a simpler approach for removal of palatal tori

Chacko JP, Joseph C

J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 2010 Apr;68(4):943-4.

PMID: 20307780 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2009.04.009

Matched MeSH terms: Palate, Hard/surgery*

Holoprosencephaly in neonates

Ram SP, Noor AR, Mahbar Z, Krishna TN

Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol, 1994 Mar;29(1):65-71.

PMID: 8169049

A single nostril associated with alobar holoprosencephaly is a rare congenital lesion. This paper reports two female term neonates with holoprosencephaly. The first neonate asphyxiated at birth had a single nostril, hypotelorism, posterior cleft palate, inferonasal coloboma of the iris and disc and persistent tunica vasculosa lentis. The other neonate had cleft lip and palate and recurrent convulsions. Both neonates had gross motor and developmental delay. Cranial sonography and CT scan showed features consistent with alobar holoprosencephaly. Karyotyping for the first neonate and her family members was normal. Both of them were treated conservatively and supervised.

Matched MeSH terms: Cleft Palate/pathology

Crouzon syndrome. A review of literature and case report

Majid ZA

Singapore Dent J, 1988 Dec;13(1):33-5.

PMID: 2979012

A sporadic case of Crouzon Syndrome without mental retardation is described. The patient, an 11 year old boy with grossly carious teeth and in severe pain was referred for dental treatment. A review of literature on Crouzon Syndrome is presented.

Matched MeSH terms: Palate/abnormalities

Fulltext Factors influencing the perception of mothers toward their children with cleft defect. [Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi persepsi ibu terhadap kanak-kanak dengan kecacatan klef]

Mohd Rohaizat Hassan, Mohd Hafiz Yahya, Normala Basiron, Zairizam Zakaria, Mohd Rizam Abdul Rahman, Hazlina Mohd Miskam, et al.

Int J Public Health Res, 2017;7(2):836-844.

MyJurnal

Introduction A study was conducted to determine the level of mothers' perception on children with cleft deformity and its associated factors
Methods This was a cross sectional study involving 110 mothers with children attending the Plastic And Reconstructive Surgery Clinic. Data was gathered from a face to face interview based on a questionnaire that assesses the level of perception and its associated factors. The level of perception was evaluated from a scoring method and divided into four domains namely psychosocial, care management, treatment and education.
Results The level of perception was high in all four domains ranged from 62% for treatment and 80% for education. Factors that were significantly associated with the level of perception were ethnicity, religion, type of cleft deformity and level of information.
Conclusions Information regarding cleft deformity must be tailored toward mothers’ personal characteristics and type of cleft deformity to improve mothers' perception on this problem.
Study site: Plastic And Reconstructive Surgery Clinic, Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Matched MeSH terms: Cleft Palate*

Haemangioma on the palate next to a maxillary tori in an edentulous patient: a challenge to the prosthodontist

Mayya A, Eachempati P, Nagraj SK, Kumar K

BMJ Case Rep, 2020 Jun 09;13(6).

PMID: 32522723 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-234297

Matched MeSH terms: Palate/pathology*

Fulltext Primary tuberculosis of palate

Chen I, Jamal S, Pua KC

Malays Fam Physician, 2015;10(3):32-4.

PMID: 27570606 MyJurnal

Primary tuberculosis (TB) of the hard palate is very rare. A 74-year-old man was presented with 6-month history of dysphagia along with an irregular mass in the hard and soft palate. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed thickened and increased signal intensity within hard and soft palate. Tissue biopsy showed focal caseating granulomatous-like lesion and the histochemical staining using Ziehl-Neelsen stain for acid-fast bacilli was positive. Positive histochemical studies provided evidences that the hard palate mass was most likely due to TB. Thus, the patient was started on antituberculous therapy.

Matched MeSH terms: Palate, Soft; Palate, Hard

Fulltext Hole on the palate, saliva in the nose: what is your diagnosis?

Irfan Mohamad, Shamina Sara Moses, Rose linda Abdul Rahman

Archives of Orofacial Sciences, 2013;8(1):44-45.

MyJurnal

A 69-year-old lady was diagnosed to have mucoepidermoid carcinoma of hard palate 3 years ago. She completed 20 cycles of external beam radiotherapy and 5 cycles of mould brachytherapy and remained asymptomatic until she again presented to us with the recurrence of a painless mass at the hard palate. The hard mass appeared as an ulcerated dimple measuring 2 x 1 cm located at the junction of the hard and soft palate, more towards the right. Excision biopsy of the mass was done with a 1cm circumferential margin deep to the periosteum, with the resulting exposed bony defect covered with a rotational flap from the soft palate. During follow-up, the patient complained that the saliva came up into the nose whenever she swallowed. Oral examination (Figure 1) and flexible nasopharyngolaryngoscopy (FNPLS) (Figure 2) were performed. What is your diagnosis?

Matched MeSH terms: Palate, Soft; Palate, Hard

Fulltext A study of cleft lip and palate in neonates born in a large Malaysian maternity hospital over a 2-year period

Boo NY, Arshad AR

Singapore Med J, 1990 Feb;31(1):59-62.

PMID: 2333547

Out of 52,379 babies delivered in the Maternity Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, over a 2-year period, 64 were born with cleft lip and/or palates. The rate of occurrence of cleft was 1.24 per 1000 livebirths or 1.20 per 1000 deliveries. The Chinese babies had the highest incidence (1.9 per 1000 deliveries) while the Malays had the lowest (0.98 per 1000 deliveries). The most common type was unilateral cleft of the primary and secondary palates. Among the Indian babies, cleft of the secondary palate was most common. 18.8 percent of all the affected babies had positive family history of cleft. 10.9% of the mothers of affected babies had positive history of drug ingestion especially Chinese herbs during pregnancy. Associated congenital abnormalities occurred in 15.6% of the babies with cleft lip and/or palate.

Matched MeSH terms: Cleft Palate/epidemiology*

Facilitators, barriers, and strategies of communication in Malaysian school-age children with non-syndromic cleft lip and palate: Results of in-depth online qualitative interviews

Yusof MS, Ibrahim H, Bressmann T, Hasbi AM

Clin Linguist Phon, 2025 Jan;39(1):79-97.

PMID: 38637977 DOI: 10.1080/02699206.2024.2341304

This study explores the perceptions of facilitators, barriers to communication and strategies in Malaysian school-aged children with non-syndromic cleft lip and palate (CL/P), parents, and teachers. Fourteen children with non-syndromic CL/P aged 7 to 12 years, their parents (n = 16), and their teachers (n = 10) were recruited via purposive sampling. Participants were selected based on resilience scores (RS-10; (Wagnild, 2015) distinguishing low (<34) from high resilience (35-40) (Wagnild, 2015). Individual in-depth interviews were conducted online and evaluated qualitatively. The analyses were conducted utilising the guidelines by Braun and Clarke (2006). Inductive thematic analysis was performed. Facilitators for communication identified by children, parents and teachers were the child's personal attributes, common interests, and helping others. Barriers that were identified were unfamiliar conversation partners, and insensitive comments or questions. Children used passive (e.g. ignored) and active (e.g. retorted, explained the condition) strategies to address social communication issues. Children with high resilience responded more actively than children with low resilience. Strategies that were described by the parents included accepting the child, empowering themselves, following the cleft management plan, and empowering the child. Teachers adopted general approaches such as giving encouragement, increasing confidence, and teaching empathy. The presence of face masks was perceived as both a facilitator and a barrier to communication. The study provides information on challenges encountered and coping mechanisms used by children with non-syndromic CL/P, their parents and their teachers. This knowledge may help the development of targeted interventions to support the communication of children with non-syndromic CL/P in school.

Matched MeSH terms: Cleft Palate*

Development of software for collecting cleft-specific data in Malaysia

Shahrul AI, Nik Mustapha NM, Ahmad MS, Kharbanda OP, Abd Rahman ANA

BMC Oral Health, 2025 Mar 04;25(1):333.

PMID: 40038561 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-025-05583-5

BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization (WHO) has recommended the development of a cleft-specific database for collecting and analyzing data on patients with cleft from birth to adulthood. However, such a database currently does not exist in Malaysia. The objective of this study was to develop a cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) database software for Malaysia to streamline data collection and support comprehensive research to enhance outcomes of care.

METHODS: The development of the database software involves several key stages, including determining the requirements, designing the software interface, implementing the system, conducting thorough testing, and completing comprehensive documentation. The database software was mainly developed internally within the research institution. The team involved in developing the clinical database includes cleft clinicians, software developers, software designers, members of the Cleft Lip and Palate Association Malaysia (CLAPAM), and experts in database development.

RESULTS: An online and offline database software has been developed to store information on patients with CL/P in Malaysia. It is designed to be user-friendly, accommodating multiple specialties and capable of storing photographs, radiology, and three-dimensional files. Various methods have been implemented to ensure data security. Additionally, documentation including video tutorials, consent forms, and hard copy versions has been developed to complement the database.

CONCLUSION: A specialized cleft-specific database software has been successfully developed for use in Malaysia to improve data management and support CL/P patient care.

Matched MeSH terms: Cleft Palate*

Assessment of patients' level of satisfaction with cleft treatment using the Cleft Evaluation Profile

Noor SN, Musa S

Cleft Palate Craniofac J, 2007 May;44(3):292-303.

PMID: 17477746

OBJECTIVES: Determination of the psychosocial status and assessment of the level of satisfaction in Malaysian cleft palate patients and their parents.
DESIGN: Cross-sectional study.
PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS: Sixty cleft lip and palate patients (12 to 17 years of age) from Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia and their parents were selected. The questionnaires used were the Child Interview Schedule, the Parents Interview Schedule, and the Cleft Evaluation Profile (CEP), administered via individual interviews.
RESULTS: Patients were teased because of their clefts and felt their self-confidence was affected by the cleft condition. They were frequently teased about cleft-related features such as speech, teeth, and lip appearance. Parents also reported that their children were being teased because of their clefts and that their children's self-confidence was affected by the clefts. Both showed a significant level of satisfaction with the treatment provided by the cleft team. There was no significant difference between the responses of the patients and their parents. The features that were found to be most important for the patients and their parents, in decreasing order of priority, were teeth, nose, lips, and speech.
CONCLUSIONS: Cleft lip and/or palate patients were teased because of their clefts, and it affected their self-confidence. The Cleft Evaluation Profile is a reliable and useful tool to assess patients' level of satisfaction with treatment received for cleft lip and/or palate and can identify the types of cleft-related features that are most important for the patients.

Matched MeSH terms: Cleft Palate/complications; Cleft Palate/psychology*; Cleft Palate/surgery

Bifid Tongue and Cleft Palate With and Without a Tessier 30 Facial Cleft: Cases of Rare Congenital Anomalies and a Review of Management and Literature

Lee JY, Mohd Zainal H, Mat Zain MAB

Cleft Palate Craniofac J, 2019 10;56(9):1243-1248.

PMID: 31092003 DOI: 10.1177/1055665619846772

Congenital bifid tongue with cleft palate is a very rare malformation with different variations. We are reporting 2 cases of rare congenital bifid tongue with cleft palate in our hospital setting and their surgical management. A multidisciplinary approach, well-planned staged operations, rehabilitation, and follow-up are needed to achieve favorable outcomes.

Matched MeSH terms: Cleft Palate

Fulltext Transtubular Transoral Surgery for Excision of a Dystrophic Os Odontoideum: A Case Report

Ariffin MH, Ashfaq MM, Kang E

Malays Orthop J, 2016 Mar;10(1):50-52.

PMID: 28435547 MyJurnal DOI: 10.5704/MOJ.1603.009

Transoral approach to the cervico-medullary junction is a well-established procedure. However oropharyngeal complications in the form of soft tissue morbidity postoperatively do occur. We report a case of a teenage boy with traumatic quadriparesis secondary to compression of the cervico-medullary junction by an os odontoideum. Decompression was done via transoral approach through a tubular retractor system, hence obviating the need for the splitting or separate retraction of the soft palate and minimised the damage and violation of surrounding soft tissues. His neurological status improved and he was able to ambulate with support on fourth post-operative day with no soft tissue morbidity in the oral cavity. To our knowledge this is the first case reported using this technique. We conclude that adoption of this method would improve the traditional transoral approach and reduce the oropharyngeal complications.

Matched MeSH terms: Palate, Soft

Fulltext Alveolar Bone Grafting Without Closure Of Oronasal Fistula In Cleft And Palate Patient

Abdul Rahman, Z.A.

Ann Dent, 2004;11(1):-.

MyJurnal

The standard procedure for alveolar cleft closure in cleft lip and palate patients is by alveolar bone grafting (ABG) where the residual opening of oronasal fistula in the palate is also closed simultaneously. Occasionally there is a situation of soft tissue inadequacy and attempt to close the fistula at the same procedure as ABG may compromise the result of the bone graft itself. An unforeseen leakage at the closure may cause graft infection leading to failure. This article reports on a technique where alveolar bone grafting was done without closure of residual palatal fistula to provide adequate soft tissue coverage for the grafted bone. This may reduce the risk of leakage at the oral mucosal coverage of the graft . The residual palatal fistula will be closed at later stage by muco-palatal flap or tongue flap. We reported on a case of a failed ABG which was reconstructed using this technique. Various other techniques to ensure success of ABG were also discussed. Conclusion: The alveolar bone grafting without closure of oro-nasal fistula reduced the risk of failure of ABG in a wide alveolar cleft.

Matched MeSH terms: Palate

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