Displaying publications 4021 - 4040 of 8285 in total

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  1. Fulltext Isolation and identification of gastrointestinal microbiota from the short-nosed fruit bat Cynopterus brachyotis brachyotis
    Daniel DS, Ng YK, Chua EL, Arumugam Y, Wong WL, Kumaran JV
    Microbiol Res, 2013 Oct 1;168(8):485-96.
    PMID: 23706760 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2013.04.001
    Studies on the microbial ecology of gut microbiota in bats are limited and such information is necessary in determining the ecological significance of these hosts. Short-nosed fruit bats (Cynopterus brachyotis brachyotis) are good candidates for microbiota studies given their close association with humans in urban areas. Thus, this study explores the gut microbiota of this species from Peninsular Malaysia by means of biochemical tests and 16S rRNA gene sequences analysis. The estimation of viable bacteria present in the stomach and intestine of C. b. brachyotis ranged from 3.06×10(10) to 1.36×10(15)CFU/ml for stomach fluid and 1.92×10(10) to 6.10×10(15)CFU/ml for intestinal fluid. A total of 34 isolates from the stomach and intestine of seven C. b. brachyotis were retrieved. A total of 16 species of bacteria from eight genera (Bacillus, Enterobacter, Enterococcus, Escherichia, Klebsiella, Pantoea, Pseudomonas and Serratia) were identified, Enterobacteriaceae being the most prevalent, contributing 12 out of 16 species isolated. Most isolates from the Family Enterobacteriaceae have been reported as pathogens to humans and wildlife. With the possibility of human wildlife transmission, the findings of this study focus on the importance of bats as reservoirs of potential bacterial pathogens.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bacteria/genetics; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
  2. No association between AKT1 gene variants and schizophrenia: a Malaysian case-control study and meta-analysis
    Loh HC, Chow TJ, Tang PY, Yong HS
    Psychiatry Res, 2013 Oct 30;209(3):732-3.
    PMID: 23747160 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2013.05.017
    We aim to replicate AKT1 gene variants studies using Malaysian samples. Seven AKT1 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were studied in 417 patients and 429 controls. Haplotype showed significant association (p=0.036) with schizophrenia, especially in Malays and Indians. Meta-analysis of rs2494732 showed significant association worldwide (p=0.018) and in Asians (p=0.023).
    Matched MeSH terms: Schizophrenia/genetics*; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/genetics*
  3. Fulltext Gene expression changes associated with the airway wall response to injury
    Yahaya B, McLachlan G, McCorquodale C, Collie D
    PLoS One, 2013;8(4):e58930.
    PMID: 23593124 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058930
    BACKGROUND: Understanding the way in which the airway heals in response to injury is fundamental to dissecting the mechanisms underlying airway disease pathology. As only limited data is available in relation to the in vivo characterisation of the molecular features of repair in the airway we sought to characterise the dynamic changes in gene expression that are associated with the early response to physical injury in the airway wall.

    METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We profiled gene expression changes in the airway wall using a large animal model of physical injury comprising bronchial brush biopsy in anaesthetised sheep. The experimental design featured sequential studies in the same animals over the course of a week and yielded data relating to the response at 6 hours, and 1, 3 and 7 days after injury. Notable features of the transcriptional response included the early and sustained preponderance of down-regulated genes associated with angiogenesis and immune cell activation, selection and differentiation. Later features of the response included the up-regulation of cell cycle genes at d1 and d3, and the latter pronounced up-regulation of extracellular matrix-related genes at d3 and d7.

    CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: It is possible to follow the airway wall response to physical injury in the same animal over the course of time. Transcriptional changes featured coordinate expression of functionally related genes in a reproducible manner both within and between animals. This characterisation will provide a foundation against which to assess the perturbations that accompany airway disease pathologies of comparative relevance.

    Matched MeSH terms: Microvilli/genetics; Wound Healing/genetics*
  4. First molecular identification of Entamoeba moshkovskii in Malaysia
    Anuar TS, Al-Mekhlafi HM, Ghani MK, Azreen SN, Salleh FM, Ghazali N, et al.
    Parasitology, 2012 Oct;139(12):1521-5.
    PMID: 22939193 DOI: 10.1017/S0031182012001485
    Entamoeba moshkovskii and Entamoeba dispar are microscopically indistinguishable from the pathogenic species Entamoeba histolytica. Although sporadic cases of human infection with E. moshkovskii have been reported, the amoeba is still considered primarily as a free-living amoeba. A cross-sectional study was carried out among Orang Asli communities in 3 different states of Peninsular Malaysia. Fecal samples were examined by formalin-ether sedimentation and trichrome staining techniques and then single-round PCR assay was used to detect E. moshkovskii. Out of 500 fecal samples examined microscopically, 93 (18·6%) samples were positive for E. histolytica/E. dispar/E. moshkovskii complex cysts and/or trophozoites. PCR products were detected in 106 fecal samples. E. moshkovskii isolates were detected in 13 (12·3%) fecal samples. Of the 13 E. moshkovskii-positive samples, 5 were of single isolation of E. moshkovskii, 6 were also positive for E. dispar, and only 2 samples were positive for E. dispar and E. histolytica. Moreover, 3 E. moshkovskii-positive samples were collected from symptomatic individuals while the remaining 10 samples were from asymptomatic subjects. This is the first report on the identification of E. moshkovskii in Malaysia. Further studies are needed to confirm the pathogenicity of E. moshkovskii infection and determine the epidemiology among Orang Asli communities in Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Entamoeba/genetics*; DNA, Protozoan/genetics
  5. Molecular investigation of virulence determinants between a virulent clinical strain and an attenuated strain of Burkholderia pseudomallei
    Puthucheary SD, Puah SM, Chai HC, Thong KL, Chua KH
    J. Mol. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 2012;22(3):198-204.
    PMID: 22846664 DOI: 10.1159/000338985
    Burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis. We initiated this investigation with a virulent and an attenuated strain of B. pseudomallei. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis was carried out initially for macrogenomic comparison of both strains of B. pseudomallei. However, the pulsotypes obtained were identical and therefore we applied a subtractive hybridization technique to distinguish and determine the possible differences between the two strains. Six virulence strain-specific DNA fragments were obtained and the encoding homolog proteins were identified as a xenobiotic-responsive element family of transcriptional regulator, a hypothetical protein, an unknown protein, a plasmid recombination enzyme, a regulatory protein and a putative hemolysin activator protein. A combination of at least three of these determinants was identified in 45 clinical isolates when screening was carried out with self-designed multiplex PCR targeting the six putative virulent determinants. Our data demonstrated that different combinations of the six putative virulence genes were present in the clinical isolates indicating their probable role in the pathogenesis of B. pseudomallei infections.
    Matched MeSH terms: DNA, Bacterial/genetics; Burkholderia pseudomallei/genetics*
  6. Fulltext Genotoxicity of Euphorbia hirta: an Allium cepa assay
    Yuet Ping K, Darah I, Yusuf UK, Yeng C, Sasidharan S
    Molecules, 2012 Jun 26;17(7):7782-91.
    PMID: 22735780 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17077782
    The potential genotoxic effects of methanolic extracts of Euphorbia hirta which is commonly used in traditional medicine to treat a variety of diseased conditions including asthma, coughs, diarrhea and dysentery was investigated using Allium cepa assay. The extracts of 125, 250, 500 and 1,000 µg/mL were tested on root meristems of A. cepa. Ethylmethanesulfonate was used as positive control and distilled water was used as negative control. The result showed that mitotic index decreased as the concentrations of E. hirta extract increased. A dose-dependent increase of chromosome aberrations was also observed. Abnormalities scored were stickiness, c-mitosis, bridges and vagrant chromosomes. Micronucleated cells were also observed at interphase. Result of this study confirmed that the methanol extracts of E. hirta exerted significant genotoxic and mitodepressive effects at 1,000 µg/mL.
    Matched MeSH terms: Meristem/genetics; Onions/genetics*
  7. Speciation and antimicrobial resistance of Enterococci isolated from recreational beaches in Malaysia
    Dada AC, Ahmad A, Usup G, Heng LY
    Environ Monit Assess, 2013 Feb;185(2):1583-99.
    PMID: 22592782 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-012-2653-6
    We report the first study on the occurrence of antibiotic-resistant enterococci in coastal bathing waters in Malaysia. One hundred and sixty-five enterococci isolates recovered from two popular recreational beaches in Malaysia were speciated and screened for antibiotic resistance to a total of eight antibiotics. Prevalence of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium was highest in both beaches. E. faecalis/E. faecium ratio was 0.384:1 and 0.375:1, respectively, for isolates from Port Dickson (PD) and Bagan Lalang (BL). Analysis of Fisher's exact test showed that association of prevalence of E. faecalis and E. faecium with considered locations was not statistically significant (p < 0.05). Chi-square test revealed significant differences (χ(2) = 82.630, df = 20, p < 0.001) in the frequency of occurrence of enterococci isolates from the considered sites. Resistance was highest to nalidixic acid (94.84 %) and least for chloramphenicol (8.38 %). One-way ANOVA using Tukey-Kramer multiple comparison test showed that resistance to ampicillin was higher in PD beach isolates than BL isolates and the difference was extremely statistically significant (p < 0.0001). Frequency of occurrence of multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) isolates were higher for PD beach water (64.29 %) as compared to BL beach water (13.51 %), while MAR indices ranged between 0.198 and 0.48. The results suggest that samples from Port Dickson may contain MAR bacteria and that this could be due to high-risk faecal contamination from sewage discharge pipes that drain into the sea water.
    Matched MeSH terms: Enterococcus/genetics*; Drug Resistance, Bacterial/genetics*
  8. Cloning and expression of tachykinins and their association with kisspeptins in the brains of zebrafish
    Ogawa S, Ramadasan PN, Goschorska M, Anantharajah A, Ng KW, Parhar IS
    J. Comp. Neurol., 2012 Sep 1;520(13):2991-3012.
    PMID: 22430310 DOI: 10.1002/cne.23103
    The tachykinins are a family of neuropeptides, including substance P (SP), neurokinin A (NKA), and neurokinin B (NKB), that are encoded by the tac1 (SP and NKA) or tac2/3 (NKB) genes. Tachykinins are widely distributed in the central nervous system and have roles as neurotransmitters and/or neuromodulators. Recent studies in mammals have demonstrated the coexpression of NKB and kisspeptin and their comodulatory roles over the control of reproduction. We have recently identified two kisspeptin-encoding genes, kiss1 and kiss2, in teleosts. However, such relationship between tachykinins and kisspeptins has not been demonstrated in non-mammalian species. To determine the involvement of tachykinins in the reproduction in teleosts, we identified tac1 and two tac2 (tac2a and tac2b) sequences in the zebrafish genome using in silico data mining. Zebrafish tac1 encodes SP and NKA, whereas the tac2 sequences encode NKB and an additional peptide homologous to NKB (NKB-related peptide). Digoxigenin in situ hybridization in the brain of zebrafish showed tac1 mRNA-containing cells in the olfactory bulb, telencephalon, preoptic region, hypothalamus, mesencephalon, and rhombencephalon. The zebrafish tac2a mRNA-containing cells were observed in the preoptic region, habenula, and hypothalamus, whereas the tac2b mRNA-containing cells were predominantly observed in the dorsal telencephalic area. Furthermore, we examined the coexpression of tachykinins and two kisspeptin genes in the brain of zebrafish. Dual fluorescent in situ hybridization showed no coexpression of tachykinins mRNA with kisspeptins mRNA in hypothalamic nuclei or the habenula. These results suggest the presence of independent pathways for kisspeptins and NKB neurons in the brain of zebrafish.
    Matched MeSH terms: Tachykinins/genetics; Kisspeptins/genetics
  9. Fulltext Flavone enhances dengue virus type-2 (NGC strain) infectivity and replication in vero cells
    Zandi K, Lani R, Wong PF, Teoh BT, Sam SS, Johari J, et al.
    Molecules, 2012;17(3):2437-45.
    PMID: 22374315 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17032437
    This study investigates the effects of 2-phenyl-1-benzopyran-4-one (flavone) on DENV-2 infectivity in Vero cells. Virus adsorption and attachment and intracellular virus replication were investigated using a foci forming unit assay (FFUA) and quantitative RT-PCR, respectively. Addition of flavone (100 μg/mL) significantly increased the number of DENV-2 foci by 35.66% ± 1.52 and 49.66% ± 2.51 when added during and after virus adsorption to the Vero cells, respectively. The average foci size after 4 days of infection increased by 33% ± 2.11 and 89% ± 2.13. The DENV-2 specific RNA copy number in the flavone-treated infected cells increased by 6.41- and 23.1-fold when compared to the mock-treated infected cells. Flavone (100 μg/mL) did not promote or inhibit Vero cell proliferation. The CC₅₀ value of flavone against Vero cells was 446 µg/mL. These results suggest that flavone might enhance dengue virus replication by acting antagonistically towards flavonoids known to inhibit dengue virus replication.
    Matched MeSH terms: Dengue Virus/genetics; RNA, Viral/genetics
  10. Fulltext A glutamic acid-producing lactic acid bacteria isolated from Malaysian fermented foods
    Zareian M, Ebrahimpour A, Bakar FA, Mohamed AK, Forghani B, Ab-Kadir MS, et al.
    Int J Mol Sci, 2012;13(5):5482-97.
    PMID: 22754309 DOI: 10.3390/ijms13055482
    l-glutamaic acid is the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain and an important intermediate in metabolism. In the present study, lactic acid bacteria (218) were isolated from six different fermented foods as potent sources of glutamic acid producers. The presumptive bacteria were tested for their ability to synthesize glutamic acid. Out of the 35 strains showing this capability, strain MNZ was determined as the highest glutamic-acid producer. Identification tests including 16S rRNA gene sequencing and sugar assimilation ability identified the strain MNZ as Lactobacillus plantarum. The characteristics of this microorganism related to its glutamic acid-producing ability, growth rate, glucose consumption and pH profile were studied. Results revealed that glutamic acid was formed inside the cell and excreted into the extracellular medium. Glutamic acid production was found to be growth-associated and glucose significantly enhanced glutamic acid production (1.032 mmol/L) compared to other carbon sources. A concentration of 0.7% ammonium nitrate as a nitrogen source effectively enhanced glutamic acid production. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report of glutamic acid production by lactic acid bacteria. The results of this study can be further applied for developing functional foods enriched in glutamic acid and subsequently γ-amino butyric acid (GABA) as a bioactive compound.
    Matched MeSH terms: RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics; Lactobacillus plantarum/genetics
  11. Fulltext Rational mutagenesis of cyclodextrin glucanotransferase at the calcium binding regions for enhancement of thermostability
    Goh PH, Illias RM, Goh KM
    Int J Mol Sci, 2012;13(5):5307-23.
    PMID: 22754298 DOI: 10.3390/ijms13055307
    Studies related to the engineering of calcium binding sites of CGTase are limited. The calcium binding regions that are known for thermostability function were subjected to site-directed mutagenesis in this study. The starting gene-protein is a variant of CGTase Bacillus sp. G1, reported earlier and denoted as "parent CGTase" herein. Four CGTase variants (S182G, S182E, N132R and N28R) were constructed. The two variants with a mutation at residue 182, located adjacent to the Ca-I site and the active site cleft, possessed an enhanced thermostability characteristic. The activity half-life of variant S182G at 60 °C was increased to 94 min, while the parent CGTase was only 22 min. This improvement may be attributed to the formation of a shorter α-helix and the alleviation of unfavorable steric strains by glycine at the corresponding region. For the variant S182E, an extra ionic interaction at the A/B domain interface increased the half-life to 31 min, yet it reduced CGTase activity. The introduction of an ionic interaction at the Ca-I site via the mutation N132R disrupted CGTase catalytic activity. Conversely, the variant N28R, which has an additional ionic interaction at the Ca-II site, displayed increased cyclization activity. However, thermostability was not affected.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bacillus/genetics; Glucosyltransferases/genetics*
  12. Fulltext Angiotensin-converting enzyme gene I/D dimorphism does not play a major role in the susceptibility of Malaysian systemic lupus erythematosus patients
    Lian LH, Lau TP, Ching AS, Chua KH
    Genet. Mol. Res., 2012;11(2):863-71.
    PMID: 22576914 DOI: 10.4238/2012.April.10.2
    Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that causes systemic damage, involving auto-reactive antibodies and over-deposition of immune complexes. Susceptibility to SLE is believed to be multifactorial, and genetics is one of the proven etiological factors; it can affect SLE development, severity and prognosis. We investigated a possible association between the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene and susceptibility to SLE in the Malaysian population. PCR was employed for the determination of I/D dimorphism of this gene. The I allele was more frequent than the D allele in both the SLE patients (N = 170) and healthy controls (N = 190). However, there was no significant difference in the distribution of these two alleles between both groups studied (χ(2) = 0.284, P > 0.05). Interestingly, the DD homozygous genotype scored notably higher in the healthy control group (χ(2) = 7.568, P < 0.05), while the ID heterozygote was observed to be significantly associated with SLE (χ(2) = 11.143, P < 0.05). In conclusion, with respect to the Malaysian population, the DD genotype might play a protective role in the development of SLE while in contrast, those who carry the ID genotype might be at potential risk for onset of this disease.
    Matched MeSH terms: Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/genetics*; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/genetics*
  13. Genome sequences of a novel HIV-1 CRF53_01B identified in Malaysia
    Chow WZ, Al-Darraji H, Lee YM, Takebe Y, Kamarulzaman A, Tee KK
    J Virol, 2012 Oct;86(20):11398-9.
    PMID: 22997419
    A novel HIV-1 genotype designated CRF53_01B was recently characterized from three epidemiologically unrelated persons in Malaysia. Here we announced three recently isolated full-length genomes of CRF53_01B, which is likely to be phylogenetically linked to CRF33_01B, circulating widely in Southeast Asia. The genome sequences may contribute to HIV-1 molecular surveillance and future vaccine development in the region.
    Matched MeSH terms: RNA, Viral/genetics; HIV-1/genetics*
  14. Phylogenetic analysis of dengue virus types 1 and 3 isolated in Jakarta, Indonesia in 1988
    Sjatha F, Takizawa Y, Yamanaka A, Konishi E
    Infect Genet Evol, 2012 Dec;12(8):1938-43.
    PMID: 22959957 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2012.08.006
    Dengue viruses are mosquito-borne viruses that cause dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever, both of which are globally important diseases. These viruses have evolved in a transmission cycle between human hosts and mosquito vectors in various tropical and subtropical environments. We previously isolated three strains of dengue type 1 virus (DENV1) and 14 strains of dengue type 3 virus (DENV3) during an outbreak of dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever in Jakarta, Indonesia in 1988. Here, we compared the nucleotide sequences of the entire envelope protein-coding region among these strains. The isolates were 97.6-100% identical for DENV1 and 98.8-100% identical for DENV3. All DENV1 isolates were included in two different clades of genotype IV and all DENV3 isolates were included in a single clade of genotype I. For DENV1, three Yap Island strains isolated in 2004 were the only strains closely related to the present isolates; the recently circulated Indonesian strains were in different clades. Molecular clock analyses estimated that ancestors of the genotype IV strains of DENV1 have been indigenous in Indonesia since 1948. We predict that they diverged frequently around 1967 and that their offspring distributed to Southeast Asia, the Western Pacific, and Africa. For DENV3, the clade containing all the present isolates also contained strains isolated from other Indonesian regions and other countries including Malaysia, Singapore, China, and East Timor from 1985-2010. Molecular clock analyses estimated that the common ancestor of the genotype I strains of DENV3 emerged in Indonesia around 1967 and diverged frequently until 1980, and that their offspring distributed mainly in Southeast Asia. The first dengue outbreak in 1968 and subsequent outbreaks in Indonesia might have influenced the divergence and distribution of the DENV1 genotype IV strains and the DENV3 genotype I strains in many countries.
    Matched MeSH terms: Dengue Virus/genetics; Viral Envelope Proteins/genetics
  15. Entomologic investigation of Plasmodium knowlesi vectors in Kuala Lipis, Pahang, Malaysia
    Jiram AI, Vythilingam I, NoorAzian YM, Yusof YM, Azahari AH, Fong MY
    Malar J, 2012;11:213.
    PMID: 22727041
    The first natural infection of Plasmodium knowlesi in humans was recorded in 1965 in peninsular Malaysia. Extensive research was then conducted and it was postulated that it was a rare incident and that simian malaria will not be easily transmitted to humans. However, at the turn of the 21st century, knowlesi malaria was prevalent throughout Southeast Asia and is life threatening. Thus, a longitudinal study was initiated to determine the vectors, their seasonal variation and preference to humans and macaques.
    Matched MeSH terms: Protozoan Proteins/genetics; Plasmodium knowlesi/genetics
  16. Differences in allele frequencies of autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia SNPs in the Malaysian population
    Alex L, Chahil JK, Lye SH, Bagali P, Ler LW
    J Hum Genet, 2012 Jun;57(6):358-62.
    PMID: 22534770 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2012.34
    Hypercholesterolemia is caused by different interactions of lifestyle and genetic determinants. At the genetic level, it can be attributed to the interactions of multiple polymorphisms, or as in the example of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), it can be the result of a single mutation. A large number of genetic markers, mostly single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) or mutations in three genes, implicated in autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia (ADH), viz APOB (apolipoprotein B), LDLR (low density lipoprotein receptor) and PCSK9 (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type-9), have been identified and characterized. However, such studies have been insufficiently undertaken specifically in Malaysia and Southeast Asia in general. The main objective of this study was to identify ADH variants, specifically ADH-causing mutations and hypercholesterolemia-associated polymorphisms in multiethnic Malaysian population. We aimed to evaluate published SNPs in ADH causing genes, in this population and to report any unusual trends. We examined a large number of selected SNPs from previous studies of APOB, LDLR, PCSK9 and other genes, in clinically diagnosed ADH patients (n=141) and healthy control subjects (n=111). Selection of SNPs was initiated by searching within genes reported to be associated with ADH from known databases. The important finding was 137 mono-allelic markers (44.1%) and 173 polymorphic markers (55.8%) in both subject groups. By comparing to publicly available data, out of the 137 mono-allelic markers, 23 markers showed significant differences in allele frequency among Malaysians, European Whites, Han Chinese, Yoruba and Gujarati Indians. Our data can serve as reference for others in related fields of study during the planning of their experiments.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II/genetics*; Asian Continental Ancestry Group/genetics*
  17. Fulltext RNA interference mediated inhibition of dengue virus multiplication and entry in HepG2 cells
    Alhoot MA, Wang SM, Sekaran SD
    PLoS One, 2012;7(3):e34060.
    PMID: 22457813 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034060
    Dengue virus-host cell interaction initiates when the virus binds to the attachment receptors followed by endocytic internalization of the virus particle. Successful entry into the cell is necessary for infection initiation. Currently, there is no protective vaccine or antiviral treatment for dengue infection. Targeting the viral entry pathway has become an attractive therapeutic strategy to block infection. This study aimed to investigate the effect of silencing the GRP78 and clathrin-mediated endocytosis on dengue virus entry and multiplication into HepG2 cells.
    Matched MeSH terms: RNA, Viral/genetics; Virus Replication/genetics
  18. RCL2, a potential formalin substitute for tissue fixation in routine pathological specimens
    Masir N, Ghoddoosi M, Mansor S, Abdul-Rahman F, Florence CS, Mohamed-Ismail NA, et al.
    Histopathology, 2012 Apr;60(5):804-15.
    PMID: 22320393 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2011.04127.x
    To investigate RCL2 as a fixative for tissue fixation in routine histopathological examination and to assess tissue suitability for ancillary investigations.
    Matched MeSH terms: DNA/genetics; Genome/genetics
  19. Comparative analysis of ITS1 nucleotide sequence reveals distinct genetic difference between Brugia malayi from Northeast Borneo and Thailand
    Fong MY, Noordin R, Lau YL, Cheong FW, Yunus MH, Idris ZM
    Parasitology, 2013 Jan;140(1):39-45.
    PMID: 22917270 DOI: 10.1017/S0031182012001242
    Brugia malayi is one of the parasitic worms which causes lymphatic filariasis in humans. Its geographical distribution includes a large part of Asia. Despite its wide distribution, very little is known about the genetic variation and molecular epidemiology of this species. In this study, the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) nucleotide sequences of B. malayi from microfilaria-positive human blood samples in Northeast Borneo Island were determined, and compared with published ITS1 sequences of B. malayi isolated from cats and humans in Thailand. Multiple alignment analysis revealed that B. malayi ITS1 sequences from Northeast Borneo were more similar to each other than to those from Thailand. Phylogenetic trees inferred using Neighbour-Joining and Maximum Parsimony methods showed similar topology, with 2 distinct B. malayi clusters. The first cluster consisted of Northeast Borneo B. malayi isolates, whereas the second consisted of the Thailand isolates. The findings of this study suggest that B. malayi in Borneo Island has diverged significantly from those of mainland Asia, and this has implications for the diagnosis of B. malayi infection across the region using ITS1-based molecular techniques.
    Matched MeSH terms: Brugia malayi/genetics*; DNA, Ribosomal Spacer/genetics*
  20. Fulltext mRNA expression of EgCHI1, EgCHI2, and EgCHI3 in oil palm leaves (Elaeis guineesis Jacq.) after treatment with Ganoderma boninense pat. and Trichoderma harzianum Rifai
    Naher L, Tan SG, Ho CL, Yusuf UK, Ahmad SH, Abdullah F
    ScientificWorldJournal, 2012;2012:647504.
    PMID: 22919345 DOI: 10.1100/2012/647504
    Basal stem rot (BSR) disease caused by the fungus Ganoderma boninense is the most serious disease affecting the oil palm; this is because the disease escapes the early disease detection. The biocontrol agent Trichoderma harzianum can protect the disease only at the early stage of the disease. In the present study, the expression levels of three oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) chitinases encoding EgCHI1, EgCHI2, and EgCHI3 at 2, 5, and 8 weeks inoculation were measured in oil palm leaves from plants treated with G. boninense or T. harzianum alone or both.
    Matched MeSH terms: RNA, Messenger/genetics*; Arecaceae/genetics*
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