Displaying publications 41 - 60 of 1490 in total

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  1. Irfan M, Hasme Zam H, Mohd Khairi M
    Malays Fam Physician, 2012;7(1):28-30.
    PMID: 25606242 MyJurnal
    The incidence of rhinolith is by far very low compared to the nasal foreign bodies, especially in adult. Foreign body (FB) in the nostril will lead to unilateral nasal symptom which can start with nasal obstruction or discomfort. In younger children, they may miss to report the problem to the parents but, later on, the FB will manifest itself with unilateral nasal discharge, which at most of the time fouls smells. We report a case of a healthy adult female who presented with unilateral foul smelly nasal discharge which later was diagnosed as rhinolith, with rubber-tip pencil eraser as the nidus of calcification.
    Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
  2. Mensa-Vilaró A, Bravo García-Morato M, de la Calle-Martin O, Franco-Jarava C, Martínez-Saavedra MT, González-Granado LI, et al.
    J Allergy Clin Immunol, 2019 Jan;143(1):359-368.
    PMID: 30273710 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.09.009
    BACKGROUND: Postzygotic de novo mutations lead to the phenomenon of gene mosaicism. The 3 main types are called somatic, gonadal, and gonosomal mosaicism, which differ in terms of the body distribution of postzygotic mutations. Mosaicism has been reported occasionally in patients with primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDs) since the early 1990s, but its real involvement has not been systematically addressed.

    OBJECTIVE: We sought to investigate the incidence of gene mosaicism in patients with PIDs.

    METHODS: The amplicon-based deep sequencing method was used in the 3 parts of the study that establish (1) the allele frequency of germline variants (n = 100), (2) the incidence of parental gonosomal mosaicism in families with PIDs with de novo mutations (n = 92), and (3) the incidence of mosaicism in families with PIDs with moderate-to-high suspicion of gene mosaicism (n = 36). Additional investigations evaluated body distribution of postzygotic mutations, their stability over time, and their characteristics.

    RESULTS: The range of allele frequency (44.1% to 55.6%) was established for germline variants. Those with minor allele frequencies of less than 44.1% were assumed to be postzygotic. Mosaicism was detected in 30 (23.4%) of 128 families with PIDs, with a variable minor allele frequency (0.8% to 40.5%). Parental gonosomal mosaicism was detected in 6 (6.5%) of 92 families with de novo mutations, and a high incidence of mosaicism (63.9%) was detected among families with moderate-to-high suspicion of gene mosaicism. In most analyzed cases mosaicism was found to be both uniformly distributed and stable over time.

    CONCLUSION: This study represents the largest performed to date to investigate mosaicism in patients with PIDs, revealing that it affects approximately 25% of enrolled families. Our results might have serious consequences regarding treatment and genetic counseling and reinforce the use of next-generation sequencing-based methods in the routine analyses of PIDs.

    Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
  3. Thong M, Lim C, Fatimah H
    Pediatr Surg Int, 1998 Jan;13(1):37-41.
    PMID: 9391202 DOI: 10.1007/s003830050239
    In a study of 1,002 consecutive Malaysian male newborns, 48 (4.8%) were found to have undescended testes (UDT). The rate and laterality of the UDT were associated with lower birth weight (P < 0.001) and prematurity (P < 0.001). Boys with UDT were also more likely to have other congenital abnormalities of the external genitalia, the commonest being hydrocele. No correlation between UDT and maternal age, birth order, social class, or mode of delivery was demonstrated in this study. Although 26/34 (76.5%) of UDT achieved full spontaneous descent by 1 year of age, 1.1% of all infants whose testes remained undescended required regular long-term follow-up with surgical referral and correction at an appropriate time. A premature infant with UDT is more likely to achieve full testicular descent at 1 year of age than a term infant.
    Study site: University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (University Malaya Medical Centre)
    Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
  4. Tan AE, Norizah WM, Rahman HA, Aziz BA, Cheah FC
    J Obstet Gynaecol Res, 2005 Aug;31(4):296-301.
    PMID: 16018775 DOI: 10.1111/j.1447-0756.2005.00291.x
    Aim: To determine the incidence of an abnormal umbilical artery resistance index (UARI) in diabetic pregnancies and the relation to fetal outcome and the development of neonatal septal hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

    Methods: A case-control study with subjects comprising 50 randomly selected diabetic mothers and a matched control group of 50 non-diabetic pregnancies. Doppler studies of the UARI were carried out at least once per week, beginning from 36 weeks' gestation for both groups. Within 48 h post delivery, echocardiograms were carried out on the newborn infants to identify those with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, particularly asymmetrical septal hypertrophy.

    Results: The numbers of patients with abnormal UARI were similar in both the diabetic and control groups. A higher proportion of operative deliveries for intrapartum fetal distress was seen in patients with an abnormal UARI in the diabetic group. However, the groups did not differ in the numbers of infants who were small for gestational age, who had low Apgar scores or umbilical artery acidosis, and who required admission to the special care nursery. Six infants of diabetic mothers (12%) had septal hypertrophy, but none of these were associated with abnormal antenatal UARI.

    Conclusion: Diabetic pregnancy is not associated with a significantly higher incidence of abnormal UARI on Doppler study than non-diabetic pregnancy. UARI is not a useful single indicator by which to predict subsequent fetal outcome or the development of neonatal septal hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in diabetic pregnancies.
    Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
  5. Teoh MK, Ramasamy D, Wong KP
    Aust N Z J Surg, 1992 Nov;62(11):862-5.
    PMID: 20169704
    Ultrasound examination of the abdominal aorta was performed on 100 patients with cardiovascular disease and a control group of 100 subjects. The objectives were to define the normal aortic size of Malaysians, to screen for aneurysms and to compare the aorta size of the different population groups. In the study group the mean anteroposterior (AP) diameter of the non-aneurysmal aortas at the level of the renal arteries was 1.82 cm (range 0.9-2.6 cm) in men and 1.83 cm (range 1.5-2.3 cm) in women. This compares with 1.61 cm (range 1.1-2.2 cm) in men and 1.50 cm (range 0.8-2.4 cm) in women in the control group. The dimensions of the infrarenal aorta show a similar relationship between the two groups. These AP diameters were significantly smaller than the published figures from studies done on Western populations and are consistent with the smaller stature of Malaysians. Five aneurysms and one ectasia were found (mean size 5 cm, range 3.5-6.0 cm), all in men aged 50-75 years in the study group, and none in the control group. All the aneurysms were easily palpable in these patients who were thinner than the average Caucasian. Given the lower incidence of aortic aneurysms in Malaysians there is no role for routine ultrasound screening of the population. High risk groups can be adequately screened by clinical examination alone.
    Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
  6. Aizatul Isla, A.L., Wan Rahiza, W.M., Azrin, M.A., Thohiroh, A.R., Nurlia, Y., Nadia, M.N.
    MyJurnal
    The tranversus abdominis plane (TAP) block for postoperative analgesia after caesarean section may confer potential benefits comparable to that of intrathecal opioids. We compared postoperative analgesia, and the incidence of nausea, vomiting, pruritus and sedation between the TAP block and intrathecal morphine (ITM) in patients undergoing Caesarean section. This was a prospective, randomised clinical study. Fifty American Society of Anaesthesiologists physical status I or II patients, planned for elective caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia, were randomly allocated to the TAP group (patients receiving spinal anaesthesia with bilateral TAP block without ITM) or ITM group (patients receiving spinal anaesthesia with ITM without a TAP block). Assessment for pain, postoperative nausea and vomiting, pruritus and sedation was done upon arrival and discharge from recovery, and at 6, 12 and 24 hours, postoperatively in the post natal ward. Results were analysed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). There was no pain at rest in either groups. Both groups experienced pain on movement at the 12th (p = 0.6) and 24th hour (p = 0.4). None of the patients in the TAP group experienced nausea, vomiting, pruritus or sedation. However, these incidences were found to be significantly higher in the ITM group. Ultrasound guided TAP block provided comparable postoperative analgesia to ITM without the side effects of the latter.
    Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
  7. Kachewar S, Kulkarni D
    Biomed Imaging Interv J, 2011 Oct;7(4):e27.
    PMID: 22279504 DOI: 10.2349/biij.7.4.e27
    This short case report discusses the various aspects of penile fracture, which is a rare entity. Nevertheless, the incidence of penile fractures is on the rise due to the increased use of performance-enhancing drugs. An individual with a penile fracture should seek immediate medical referral. Prompt diagnosis and management is necessary to prevent undesirable after-effects as discussed. Emphasis is made on how imaging with ultrasound enables a quick and complete assessment of this mishap.
    Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
  8. Sahilah, A.M., Rozeita, L., Umi Kalsum, M.S., Son, R.
    MyJurnal
    Ninety one leaf samples of Josapine pineapple cultivar (Kelantan, n=8; Pahang, n=20; Perak, n=11; Sabah, n=15; Johor, n=37) showing symptoms of heart rot disease were collected to determine the incidence of Erwinia chrysanthemi. Sixteen strains of E. chrysanthemi were isolated from 13 leaf samples from Pahang (n=4), Sabah (n=2) and Johor (n=7). All of the E. chrysanthemi strains displayed resistance to bacitracin with two strains showing resistance to sulfamethoxazole. None of the E. chrysanthemi strains were resistant toward ampicillin, carbenicillin, cephalothin, ceftriaxone, cefuroxime, gentamicin, kanamycin, nalidixic acid, penicillin G, streptomycin and tetracycline. All of the E. chrysanthemi strains were plasmidless. The dendrogram generated from the ERIC-PCR fingerprinting showed that the E. chrysanthemi strains formed 4 clusters and 7 single isolates at 80% similarity level. The restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis for 16 strains of E. chrysanthemi with HinfI and HaeIII endonuclease, 2 and 4 restriction profiles were obtained, respectively. The combinations of the four techniques were able to differentiate the 16 E. chrysanthemi strains into 14 genome types, suggesting a wide diversity of strains examined. ERICPCR fingerprinting method is found to be more discriminating and useful for the determination of the E. chrysanthemi strains relatedness.
    Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
  9. Malik AS, Malik RH
    Med J Malaysia, 2001 Dec;56(4):478-90.
    PMID: 12014769
    A prospective study of 102 children with bacteriologically confirmed typhoid fever, admitted to Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia over 5 years was conducted. The average age at presentation was 91.3 (range 6 - 159) months. Fever (900%), abdominal pain (56%) and diarrhoea (44%) were common symptoms. Findings included: hepatomegaly (85.3%), splenomegaly (27.5%), anaemia (31%), leukopenia (15%). thrombocytopenia (26%), positive Widal (62.5%) and Typhidot test (96%). Patients were treated with ampicillin (n = 54) or chloramphenicol (n = 49) and 1/3 developed complications like hepatitis (n = 19), bone marrow suppression (n = 8) and paralytic ileus (n = 7). A patient with splenomegaly, thrombocytopenia or leukopenia was at higher risk of developing complications.
    Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
  10. Nissapatorn V, Kuppusamy I, Josephine FP, Jamaiah I, Rohela M, Khairul Anuar A
    PMID: 17547073
    A total of 136 patients, 67 HIV, 69 diabetes mellitus (DM) with or without (+/-) end-stage renal disease (ESRD), were registered for tuberculosis treatment at the National Tuberculosis Center (NTBC) from May to December, 2003. Ages ranged from 21-78 years (median 57.7 years) in TB/DM patients, and 21-62 (mean 37.6 +/- 8.3 years) in TB/HIV patients. TB was significantly found in younger and single HIV patients, but in older and married DM patients (p<0.05). Male patients in both groups were strongly associated with TB, while females more commonly had TB with DM (p<0.05). The majority of these patients were Malays, unemployed, and resided in Kuala Lumpur territory; however, no statistically significant difference was found between the 2 groups. Smoking, IVDUs and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection were more significantly found in TB/HIV patients and further analysis showed that pulmonary TB was strongly associated with HCV infection in these patients (p<0.05). Pulmonary TB (62; 89.9%) was the most common type found in both groups and was a markedly more common disease location in TB/DM patients, while extrapulmonary TB (21; 31.3%) and miliary TB (14; 21%) were significantly higher in TB/HIV patients. Cough with or without sputum, fever and loss of appetite and/or weight were common clinical presentations in both groups. Nevertheless, fever (54; 80.6%) and lymphadenopathy (17; 25.4%) were significantly related to TB/HIV patients (p<0.05). Interestingly, the presence of BCG vaccination and positive tuberculin skin test were stronger in TB/HIV (27; 40.3%) and TB/DM (20; 29%) patients, respectively (p<0.05). Overall, regular 6-, 9- and 12-months' anti-tubercular therapy (ATT) were routine practice, and EHRZ+B6 was the most common regimen used. The highest percentage of patients with treatment success were in both groups with 6 months' ATT; however, a significantly higher percentage was found in TB/DM (24; 34.8%) than TB/HIV (13; 19.4%) (p<0.05). A success rate of 15 (21.7%) was noted for TB/DM patients with 9 months' ATT, which was similar to both groups with the 12-month regimen. A higher percentage failure rate (lost to follow-up) was seen in TB/HIV (19; 28.4%) patients. Nine patients were reported to have anti-tubercular-drug side-effects, such as drug-induced hepatitis, blurred vision, and skin rash. No cases of drug resistance or death were notified among these patients.
    Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
  11. Ong, C.K., Tan, W.C., Leong, K.N., Muttalif, A.R.
    MyJurnal
    The incidence of tuberculosis (TB) is currently increasing. HIV induced immuno-suppression modifies the clinical presentation of TB. Our aim is to determine the differences in clinical presentation of HIV-TB co-infection based on their CD4 counts. This retrospective study looked at cases of adult active TB and HIV-1 co-infection treated in Penang Hospital from January 2004 to December 2005. Of the 820 patients treated for active TB, HIV-1 seropositivity rate was 12.6% (103 patients). Majority of HIV-1 co-infected patients presented with prolonged insidious and non-specific symptoms like weight loss, fever and night sweats. The clinical presentation of TB depended on the stage of HIV-1 infection and associated degree of immunodeficiency. Compared to the less immuno-compromised HIV-1 and TB co-infected population (CD4 > 200/mm3 ), patients with CD4 counts ≤ 200 are more likely to have atypical chest radiographs (P = 0.009). During active TB, the Mantoux test was positive in 12 (14.5%) HIV-1 infected patients with a CD4 counts ≤ 200/mm3 and in 16 (80%) of those with CD4 counts > 200/mm3 (P = 0.0001). In our series, the AFB smear / AFB culture and type of TB did not show obvious correlation with CD4 counts. Therefore to diagnose TB in severely immuno-compromised HIV patients, we need to have a high index of suspicion.
    Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
  12. Dharmalingam M
    Tuberculosis (Edinb), 2004;84(1-2):24-8.
    PMID: 14670343 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2003.08.008
    A retrospective review of 33 patients with tuberculosis of the spine from January 2000 to April 2002 revealed that the mean age was 36.5 and peak incidence is in the second decade of life (27.3%). There were 24 males and 9 females. The majority of the lesions involved the thoracic spine (30.3%), followed by the lumbar spine (27.2%). Skip lesions was seen in 12.1% of cases. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate was normal in 9.1% of patients. Neurological involvement was seen in 51.5% of patients. Concomitant tuberculosis of the lung was 66.6%. The radical surgical debridement and grafting rate was 39.3%. The preferred surgical procedure was that of radical anterior debridement and fusion supplemented by anterior or posterior instrumentation if needed. Anti-tuberculous chemotherapy remained the mainstay of treatment. Surgery gives faster relief of pain and neurological recovery but is a major undertaking, and thus selection of patients is vital to avoid morbidity and mortality.
    Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
  13. Sivasamy P, Bajuri MY, Ghani AW
    Cureus, 2019 Nov 19;11(11):e6203.
    PMID: 31890405 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.6203
    The incidence of wrist tuberculosis is rare. Clinical features and radiographs are not conclusive in the beginning, happen to delay the achievement of the diagnosis, and thus result in poor treatment. We present a case report of wrist tuberculosis that had delayed diagnosis. Hence, the initiation of antituberculous treatment was delayed, as the initial investigations were not conclusive of tuberculous infection. The patient was treated surgically multiple times before tuberculosis was diagnosed. Antituberculous chemotherapy was started for the patient for one year until she became afebrile and infective markers returned to normal. However, the patient developed left wrist stiffness due to arthrofibrosis and bony destruction of the wrist joint.
    Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
  14. Aziah AM
    Med J Malaysia, 2004 Mar;59(1):1-3.
    PMID: 15535327 MyJurnal
    Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
  15. Nissapatorn V, Kuppusamy I, Sim BL, Quek KF, Khairul Anuar A
    PMID: 16295550
    This retrospective study was conducted at the National Tuberculosis Center (NTBC) where 252 HIV-positive patients coexisting with tuberculosis (TB/HIV) were examined. We found that patients with pulmonary (PTB) and extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPT) had similar mean age. A higher sex ratio between male to female (10.7:1) was observed in patients with PTB. The other characteristics of patients with pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis were not statistically different from each other. Cough (88%) and hemoptysis were the most common presenting symptoms, significantly related to patients with PTB. Lymphadenopathy (33.5%) was the most common sign in patients with EPT. The majority of patients with pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis had CD4 cell counts of less than 200 cells/mm3 (range 0-1,179 with a median of 57 cells/mm3). Lung (89%) and miliary (55.6%) forms were the most frequent disease locations in patients with PTB and EPT, respectively. A higher percentage of patients with PTB (42%) were treated successfully with short-course (6 months) therapy, whereas in patients with EPT (43%) needed a longer period (9 months) for successful treatment. Of the patients who defaulted treatment, a higher proportion (87%) had PTB. No MDR-TB or relapse cases were found in this study.
    Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
  16. Liew SM, Khoo EM, Ho BK, Lee YK, Mimi O, Fazlina MY, et al.
    Asia Pac J Public Health, 2019 01;31(1):61-71.
    PMID: 30541329 DOI: 10.1177/1010539518817980
    This study aims to determine tuberculosis incidence, all-cause mortality, and its associated factors among health care workers (HCWs) registered in 2012 to 2014 with the Malaysian National Tuberculosis (MyTB) Surveillance Registry. Regression analysis was used to determine factors associated with all-cause mortality. Incidence rates ranged from 135.18 to 156.50/100 000 and were higher for HCWs compared with the general population (risk ratio = 1.70-1.96). The mean age at notification was 34.6 ± 10.55 years; 68.9% were female. Most were paramedics (44.3%) followed by other HCWs (41.9%) and doctors (13.8%). Nearly a quarter (23.8%) had extrapulmonary tuberculosis. There were 23 deaths giving a case fatality rate of 2.4%. Factors associated with death were older age (odds ratio [OR] =1.05; confidence interval [CI] =1.01-1.10), diabetes (OR = 3.83; CI = 1.32-11.08), HIV positivity (OR = 18.16; CI = 4.60-71.68), and not receiving directly observed therapy (DOTS) (OR = 10.97; CI = 3.61-33.38). It is important for HCWs to be aware of these increased risks and for authorities to implement protective measures.
    Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
  17. Jeyakumar D
    Med J Malaysia, 1999 Dec;54(4):492-5.
    PMID: 11072468
    This retrospective study documents a strong correlation between tuberculin reactivity and the subsequent development of active tuberculosis in student nurses. 12% of the 25 student nurses with tuberculin reactions above 20 mm developed tuberculosis over a period of 2 years, compared to only 0.3% of the 341 student nurses with reactions of 20 mm or less. The implications of these findings for preventive therapy are discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
  18. Adams-Guppy J, Guppy A
    Ergonomics, 2003 Jun 20;46(8):763-79.
    PMID: 12745978 DOI: 10.1080/0014013021000056980
    As part of an organizational review of safety, interviews and questionnaire surveys were performed on over 700 commercial goods drivers and their managers within a series of related companies operating across 17 countries. The results examine the reported incidence of fatigue-related problems in drivers and their associations with near miss and accident experience as well as work and organizational factors. Experience of fatigue problems while driving was linked to time of day and rotation of shifts, though most associations were small. There were significant associations found between fatigue experiences and driver and management systems of break taking and route scheduling. The quantitative combined with qualitative information suggested that, where feasible, more flexible approaches to managing the scheduling and sequencing of deliveries assisted drivers in managing their own fatigue problems through appropriate break-taking. The results are interpreted within the overarching principles of risk assessment and risk control.
    Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
  19. Amal RN, Aisah MY, Fatmah MS, Hayati MI
    PMID: 21329303
    In a prospective, observational study, 380 women attending a family planning (LPPKN) clinic and Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD) clinic in Kuala Lumpur between January 2008 and November 2008 were enrolled. Patient information was obtained from the medical records and patients voluntarily completed questionnaires. Three vaginal swabs from the posterior fornix were taken from each patient examined. Different staining methods and cultivation in Diamonds medium were performed on the collected samples. Study subjects recruited in this survey were mostly young, with a geometric mean ages of 37.31 years (LPPKN clinic) and 32.06 years (STD clinic). Malay, Chinese, Indians and others ethnic groups accounted for 91, 4, 2 and 3%, respectively, at the LPPKN clinic. At the STD clinic, almost all subjects were Chinese. The prevalence rate of trichomoniasis was 0.36% at the LPPKN clinic and 0.0% at the STD clinic. Our findings suggested no association between contraceptive methods used and trichomoniasis infection at the LPPKN clinic. At the STD clinic, it was found a high risk for STD acquisition was not associated with trichomoniasis positivity. The data demonstrated the prevalence of trichomoniasis was very low at LPPKN clinic and absent at STD clinic. The high prevalence rates of other STD among sex workers found in this survey suggest the need for more active interventions focused on this group.
    Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
  20. Tan PC, Subramaniam RN, Omar SZ
    Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol, 2008 Sep;47(3):305-11.
    PMID: 18935994 DOI: 10.1016/S1028-4559(08)60129-1
    To evaluate the influences of mode of immediate preceding delivery and number of prior vaginal births on the risk of repeat cesarean and neonatal admission at attempted vaginal birth after cesarean.
    Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
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