Displaying publications 41 - 60 of 84 in total

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  1. Al-Kumaim NH, Alhazmi AK, Ramayah T, Shabbir MS, Gazem NA
    Front Psychol, 2021;12:637808.
    PMID: 33643168 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.637808
    Value Co-Creation (VCC) plays a major role in engaging knowledgeable individuals in a community via innovation, problem solving, and new service/product development. This study investigates the personal factors that influence individuals' engagement in value co-creation in Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) through the use of online platforms. Some higher education institutions have successfully established or used appropriate online platforms, such as online forums, web applications, and mobile applications to engage their community in ideation or crowdsourcing as a part of the value co-creation process. On the other hand, some HEIs have failed to engage their community in value co-creation activities, and even if they managed to engage some individuals in value co-creation once, they failed to sustain these individuals' engagement in value co-creation using online platforms. Using the Stimulus Organism Response (S-O-R) framework, this study examines the relationship between relevant personal factors (commitment and knowledge self-efficacy) and other motivational factors that provide perceived benefits with value co-creation engagement. Data was collected from 308 respondents at five Malaysian research universities. The software analysis tool Smart PLS is used for data analysis and validation. The results demonstrate that personal factors and perceived benefits as a motivational factor has a significant effect on individual engagement in value co-creation. However, the significance of these findings varies from one individual to another. The implications of these findings are discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Problem Solving
  2. Guangnan Z, Tao H, Rahman MA, Yao L, Al-Saffar A, Meng Q, et al.
    Work, 2021;68(3):871-879.
    PMID: 33612530 DOI: 10.3233/WOR-203421
    BACKGROUND: An isolated robot must take account of uncertainty in its world model and adapt its activities to take into account such as uncertainty. In the same way, a robot interaction with security and privacy issues (RISAPI) with people has to account for its confusion about the human internal state, as well as how this state will shift as humans respond to the robot.

    OBJECTIVES: This paper discusses RISAPI of our original work in the field, which shows how probabilistic planning and system theory algorithms in workplace robotic systems that work with people can allow for that reasoning using a security robot system. The problem is a general way as an incomplete knowledge 2-player game.

    RESULTS: In this general framework, the various hypotheses and these contribute to thrilling and complex robot behavior through real-time interaction, which transforms actual human subjects into a spectrum of production systems, robots, and care facilities.

    CONCLUSION: The models of the internal human situation, in which robots can be designed efficiently, are limited, and achieve optimal computational intractability in large, high-dimensional spaces. To achieve this, versatile, lightweight portrayals of the human inner state and modern algorithms offer great hope for reasoning.

    Matched MeSH terms: Problem Solving
  3. Chandran DS, Muthukrishnan SP, Barman SM, Peltonen LM, Ghosh S, Sharma R, et al.
    Adv Physiol Educ, 2020 Dec 01;44(4):709-721.
    PMID: 33125254 DOI: 10.1152/advan.00128.2020
    Active learning promotes the capacity of problem solving and decision making among learners. Teachers who apply instructional processes toward active participation of learners help their students develop higher order thinking skills. Due to the recent paradigm shift toward adopting competency-based curricula in the education of healthcare professionals in India, there is an emergent need for physiology instructors to be trained in active-learning methodologies and to acquire abilities to promote these curriculum changes. To address these issues, a series of International Union of Physiological Sciences (IUPS) workshops on physiology education techniques in four apex centers in India was organized in November 2018 and November 2019. The "hands-on" workshops presented the methodologies of case-based learning, problem-based learning, and flipped classroom; the participants were teachers of basic sciences and human and veterinary medicine. The workshop series facilitated capacity building and creation of a national network of physiology instructors interested in promoting active-learning techniques. The workshops were followed by a brainstorming meeting held to assess the outcomes. The aim of this report is to provide a model for implementing a coordinated series of workshops to support national curriculum change and to identify the organizational elements essential for conducting an effective Physiology Education workshop. The essential elements include a highly motivated core organizing team, constant dialogue between core organizing and local organizing committees, a sufficient time frame for planning and execution of the event, and opportunities to engage students at host institutions in workshop activities.
    Matched MeSH terms: Problem Solving
  4. Wang Y, Lim YY, He Z, Wong WT, Lai WF
    PMID: 33559482 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1882381
    The last decide has witnessed a growing research interest in the role of dietary phytochemicals in influencing the gut microbiota. On the other hand, recent evidence reveals that dietary phytochemicals exhibit properties of preventing and tackling symptoms of Alzheimer's disease, which is a neurodegenerative disease that has also been linked with the status of the gut microbiota over the last decade. Till now, little serious discussions, however, have been made to link recent understanding of Alzheimer's disease, dietary phytochemicals and the gut microbiota together and to review the roles played by phytochemicals in gut dysbiosis induced pathologies of Alzheimer's disease. Deciphering these connections can provide insights into the development and future use of dietary phytochemicals as anti-Alzheimer drug candidates. This review aims at presenting latest evidence in the modulating role of phytochemicals in the gut microbiota and its relevance to Alzheimer's disease and summarizing the mechanisms behind the modulative activities. Limitations of current research in this field and potential directions will also be discussed for future research on dietary phytochemicals as anti-Alzheimer agents.
    Matched MeSH terms: Problem Solving
  5. Devadas VV, Khoo KS, Chia WY, Chew KW, Munawaroh HSH, Lam MK, et al.
    Bioresour Technol, 2021 Apr;325:124702.
    PMID: 33487515 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.124702
    The accumulation of conventional petroleum-based polymers has increased exponentially over the years. Therefore, algae-based biopolymer has gained interest among researchers as one of the alternative approaches in achieving a sustainable circular economy around the world. The benefits of microalgae biopolymer over other feedstock is its autotrophic complex to reduce the greenhouse gases emission, rapid growing ability with flexibility in diverse environments and its ability to compost that gives greenhouse gas credits. In contrast, this review provides a comprehensive understanding of algae-based biopolymer in the evaluation of microalgae strains, bioplastic characterization and bioplastic blending technologies. The future prospects and challenges on the algae circular bioeconomy which includes the challenges faced in circular economy, issues regard to the scale-up and operating cost of microalgae cultivation and the life cycle assessment on algal-based biopolymer were highlighted. The aim of this review is to provide insights of algae-based biopolymer towards a sustainable circular bioeconomy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Problem Solving
  6. Copriady J, Zulnaidi H, Alimin M, Albeta SW
    Heliyon, 2021 May;7(5):e06995.
    PMID: 34027189 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06995
    This study aims to determine the level of collaboration, in-service training and teaching resource proficiency amongst Chemistry teachers by investigating the intermediary role of collaboration for training and teaching resources competency. A total of 184 Chemistry teachers in Riau, Indonesia, have participated in the survey. Using AMOS and SPSS 25.0 software to analyse the research data, we find a high level of collaboration, training and teaching resource proficiency amongst Chemistry teachers. Male teachers have higher proficiency level on all aspects than female teachers. The MANOVA test results show a significant difference in teacher resource competency based on gender. Male teachers are significantly more proficient than their female counterparts. However, they do not significantly differ in terms of collaboration and in-service training. The structural equation modelling test results show that collaboration has a significant role in Chemistry teachers' involvement in training and teaching resources. These research findings encourage relevant parties to design effective collaborations amongst Chemistry teachers. They also offer new insights for Chemistry teachers to keep on mastering teaching resources nationally and internationally.
    Matched MeSH terms: Problem Solving
  7. Rahima Dahlan, Siti Nor Aizah Ahmad
    MyJurnal
    Objective: This case report highlights on the challenges in the management of people with bipolar disorder. Method: We report a case of 36 year-old lady living with this disorder and her journey in a search for a meaningful life. Result: Adherence to treatment is a major determinant of outcome in bipolar patient like Ms WMY. Poor insight, negative attitudes towards treatment and poor understanding of medications and the illness can all lead to reduced adherence. Conclusion: This case demonstrates on how poverty of insight, poor social support, on-going stressors with significant life events and poor compliance to treatment create a series of stumbling blocks in recovery from bipolar disorder.
    Matched MeSH terms: Problem Solving
  8. Haidar, R.T., Ahmad Fareed, A.R., Jamsiah, M.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction : An organization performs well with proper management methods. Participation is a process involving cooperation and collaboration within all levels of individuals, groups or community for the purpose of organization improvement. Empowerment brings the organization further by delegation of power and responsibilities to others for better result.
    Methodology : This is a systematic review on various publications, articles and studies based on the findings and researches conducted by experts and scholars involved with participation and empowerment of organizations.
    Results : Participation and empowerment are crucial in every organization including healthcare. Its success depends on factors such as proper planning, mutual understanding, regular training and continuous education. They contribute towards better outcome in goal setting, decision making, problem solving and organizational development. There are also various levels of empowerment and participation depending on the type of activities, organisation’s performance and level of authority.
    Conclusion : The prerequisite for an organisation’s success is dependent upon holistic participation and appropriate empowerment. The benefits gained from these measures are indeed invaluable. It creates sense of ownership, increases motivation and satisfaction, optimizing resources, promote innovations, enhancing quality and improving efficiency.
    Matched MeSH terms: Problem Solving
  9. Lee HB, Ginting RT, Tan ST, Tan CH, Alshanableh A, Oleiwi HF, et al.
    Sci Rep, 2016 09 02;6:32645.
    PMID: 27587295 DOI: 10.1038/srep32645
    Anion passivation effect on metal-oxide nano-architecture offers a highly controllable platform for improving charge selectivity and extraction, with direct relevance to their implementation in hybrid solar cells. In current work, we demonstrated the incorporation of fluorine (F) as an anion dopant to address the defect-rich nature of ZnO nanorods (ZNR) and improve the feasibility of its role as electron acceptor. The detailed morphology evolution and defect engineering on ZNR were studied as a function of F-doping concentration (x). Specifically, the rod-shaped arrays of ZnO were transformed into taper-shaped arrays at high x. A hypsochromic shift was observed in optical energy band gap due to the Burstein-Moss effect. A substantial suppression on intrinsic defects in ZnO lattice directly epitomized the novel role of fluorine as an oxygen defect quencher. The results show that 10-FZNR/P3HT device exhibited two-fold higher power conversion efficiency than the pristine ZNR/P3HT device, primarily due to the reduced Schottky defects and charge transfer barrier. Essentially, the reported findings yielded insights on the functions of fluorine on (i) surface -OH passivation, (ii) oxygen vacancies (Vo) occupation and (iii) lattice oxygen substitution, thereby enhancing the photo-physical processes, carrier mobility and concentration of FZNR based device.
    Matched MeSH terms: Problem Solving
  10. Mohan, Jai
    MyJurnal
    The importance of incorporating medical (or health) informatics into the education of medical students and medical practitioners is being increasingly recognised. The advances in information and communication technology and the pervasion of the Internet into everyday life have important implications for healthcare services and medical education. Students and practitioners should learn to utilise biomedical information for problem solving and decision making based on evidence. The extensive introduction of electronic health information systems into hospitals and clinics and at the enterprise level in Malaysia and elsewhere is driving a demand for health professionals who have at least basic skills in and appreciation of the use of these technologies. The essential clinical informatics skills have been identified and should be incorporated into the undergraduate medical curriculum. It is recommended that these be introduced in stages and integrated into existing programmes rather than taught as a separate module. At the same time, medical schools should support the integration of e-learning in the educational process in view of the numerous potential benefits.
    Matched MeSH terms: Problem Solving
  11. Fahisham Taib, Nik Mohd Rizal Mohd Fakri
    MyJurnal
    Community and family case study (CFCS) is a community based educational (CBE) programme commenced in 1980 at School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia. It serves to help and resolve health needs of the individual patients, family and their community. This will help to develop generic skills such as organization, communication and problem solving in relation to local norms, beliefs and socio-cultural influences. Students should have good awareness, sensitivity and empathic response based on health needs and environment that they are living in. Knowledge, skills, attitudes, emotions and values are repeatedly exposed to inculcate optimal learning environment with the community, as well as triggered response by the student to give back to the community by volunteerism. CFCS activism can be revitalized within the individual and group context. This can be achieved by multi-dimensional learning, collaborative effort, effective leadership and supervision, creative programme initiation, effectual research activities and sustainable service to the community. It is hopeful with active community engagement, life experiences learning process, self-directed and reflective learning, students are able to acquire refined attributes such as skills, behaviour, knowledge and attitudes, towards successful personal growth and advancement.
    Matched MeSH terms: Problem Solving
  12. Ponnusamy V, Lines RLJ, Zhang CQ, Gucciardi DF
    PeerJ, 2018;6:e4778.
    PMID: 29780672 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4778
    Background: The majority of past work on athletes' use of psychological skills and techniques (PSTs) has adopted a variable-centered approach in which the statistical relations among study variables are averaged across a sample. However, variable-centered-analyses exclude the possibility that PSTs may be used in tandem or combined in different ways across practice and competition settings. With this empirical gap in mind, the purposes of this study were to identify the number and type of profiles of elite athletes' use of PSTs, and examine differences between these clusters in terms of their self-reported mental toughness.

    Methods: In this cross-sectional survey study, 285 Malaysian elite athletes (170 males, 115 females) aged 15-44 years (M = 18.89, SD = 4.49) completed measures of various PSTs and mental toughness. Latent profile analysis was employed to determine the type and number of profiles that best represent athletes' reports of their use of PSTs in practice and competition settings, and examine differences between these classes in terms of self-reported mental toughness.

    Results: Our results revealed three profiles (low, moderate, high use) in both practice and competition settings that were distinguished primarily according to quantitative differences in the absolute levels of reported use across most of the PSTs assessed in practice and competition settings, which in turn, were differentially related with mental toughness. Specifically, higher use of PSTs was associated with higher levels of mental toughness.

    Conclusion: This study provides one of the first analyses of the different configurations of athletes' use of PSTs that typify unique subgroups of performers. An important next step is to examine the longitudinal (in) stability of such classes and therefore provide insight into the temporal dynamics of different configurations of athletes' use of PSTs.

    Matched MeSH terms: Problem Solving
  13. Leong KH, Abdul-Rahman H, Wang C, Onn CC, Loo SC
    PLoS One, 2016;11(12):e0166064.
    PMID: 27930659 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166064
    Railway and metro transport systems (RS) are becoming one of the popular choices of transportation among people, especially those who live in urban cities. Urbanization and increasing population due to rapid development of economy in many cities are leading to a bigger demand for urban rail transit. Despite being a popular variant of Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP), it appears that the universal formula or techniques to solve the problem are yet to be found. This paper aims to develop an optimization algorithm for optimum route selection to multiple destinations in RS before returning to the starting point. Bee foraging behaviour is examined to generate a reliable algorithm in railway TSP. The algorithm is then verified by comparing the results with the exact solutions in 10 test cases, and a numerical case study is designed to demonstrate the application with large size sample. It is tested to be efficient and effective in railway route planning as the tour can be completed within a certain period of time by using minimal resources. The findings further support the reliability of the algorithm and capability to solve the problems with different complexity. This algorithm can be used as a method to assist business practitioners making better decision in route planning.
    Matched MeSH terms: Problem Solving
  14. Velayudhan Menon, Rifdy Mohideen
    MyJurnal
    Background: Clinical reasoning is the name given to
    the cognitive processes by which doctors evaluate and
    analyse information from patients. It is a skill developed
    by experiential learning and is difficult to assess
    objectively. The script concordance test, an assessment
    tool introduced into the health sciences about 15 years
    ago, is a way of assessing clinical reasoning ability in
    an objective manner and allows comparisons of the
    decisions made by medical students and experts in
    situations of uncertainty.

    Methods: Twenty-six final year medical students from
    the International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur,
    were tested on their decision making skills regarding a
    young febrile patient. The students evaluated different
    pieces of information in five different scenarios and
    made decisions on a five-point Likert scale in the
    standard format of the script concordance test. Their
    decisions were compared to the decisions of a panel of
    experienced clinicians in Internal Medicine.

    Results: The script concordance test scores for the
    different scenarios were calculated with higher scores
    being indicative of greater concordance between the
    reasoning of students and doctors. The students showed
    poor concordance with doctors in evaluating clinical
    information. Overall, only 20 percent of the choices
    made by students were the same as the choices made by
    the majority of doctors.

    Conclusion: Medical students vary in their ability to
    interpret the significance of clinical information. Using
    the script concordance test, this preliminary study looked
    at the ability of final year medical students to interpret
    information about a patient with a febrile illness. The
    results showed poor concordance between students and
    doctors in the way they interpreted clinical information.
    The script concordance test has the potential to be a
    tool for teaching and assessing clinical reasoning.
    Matched MeSH terms: Problem Solving
  15. Rabihah Md. Sum
    MyJurnal
    Risk management requires human judgements, from risk identification, assessment to response. Although automated tools are useful in handling large amounts of data and in performing complex calculations rapidly, humans undertake the entire risk management process. They bring to the process their intuitions, insights, previous experiences and skills. Therefore, creating a rich source of information of risks faced by an organisation. Ignoring human factors may impoverish information and limit risk management to only measurable factors. This study contributes to the field of decision-making and risk assessment by investigating and discussing in detail how to quantify subjective judgements using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). AHP is used to assess risk of an insurance company. It discusses how to do risk assessment by combining both intuition and analytic in the decision-making process. The study defines intuition as knowledge and experience, and analytic as the mathematics or quantitative analysis to derive the result. It demonstrates how Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) - a flexible multi-attribute or multi-criteria decision making tool, enables risk managers to use both intuition and analytic to do risk assessment. Risk assessment using AHP produces global priority weights representing the overall risk ranking of an insurance company. The study develops a risk assessment problem and uses AHP to organise and structure risks and sub-risks of the problem. It uses formative evaluation method with open-ended questionnaires to obtain feedbacks from risk managers on AHP. Three employees of a risk management department in a government agency assesses the risks using AHP. AHP strengths are easy to use and understand, improves risk assessment and useful for risk assessment problems that have scarce or no data. AHP limitation are the numbers and repetitiveness of the pairwise comparisons. The participants either ignore some of the pairwise questions or they answer randomly instead of deliberate judgements.
    Matched MeSH terms: Problem Solving
  16. Anna F, Sabariah S, Wong WK, Mariappan M
    The purpose of this study is to verify the constructs found in the technological problem solving instrument. The instrument used to measure the technological problem solving is the Technology Problem Solving Inventory (PSI-TECH), derived from the original instrument PSI-PSYCH which consists of three constructs. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA); KaiserMeyer-Olkin (KMO) and Barlett's analysis were applied for factor analysis in the validity and reliability of the PSI-TECH instrument. The minimum weighting factor is 0.60, used as the cut off value for factor loading. Meanwhile, the Cronbach alpha value 0.70 and above is considered reliable in this study. A total of 102 primary school students, 12 years old were randomly selected among Miri district primary school students in Sarawak. After the survey was carried out, the results of the analysis confirmed that there were three constructs that had been successfully extracted as described in the original PSI-TECH. However, 4 items were dropped from the list. The results of the analysis can provide guidance to researchers in developing this technological problem solving questionnaire, since demographics and geographies tested were diverse. As a result, the findings provide guidance to local researchers in using these instruments.
    Matched MeSH terms: Problem Solving
  17. Lee SWH, Saw PS
    Am J Pharm Educ, 2021 Sep;85(8):8464.
    PMID: 34615624 DOI: 10.5688/ajpe8464
    Objective. To conduct an innovative workshop activity using plastic building blocks to create a student-centric environment that encouraged development of creative thinking skills and self-reflection in undergraduate pharmacy students.Methods. Students were randomly allocated into small groups of four and assigned the role of either architect or team builder and tasked with creating a LEGO robot. Students were not allowed to speak during the activity. The architect was tasked with providing instructions to team builders on how to build the robot using nonverbal communication. After completion of the task, each group was asked to reflect on the exercise and share what they learned with the entire class. These discussions were video recorded and thematically analyzed.Results. The metaphorical models that students built served as a basis for discussion, problem-solving, and decision-making. Students described how this activity enabled them to mentally and visually link abstract concepts, such as decision-making and problem-solving, to actual practice. Three themes were identified from the qualitative study: thinking with hands, listening with eyes; linking theory to practice; and learning through reflection.Conclusion. This activity offered a non-confrontational way to support communication and the learning process. The use of an interactive game can be a useful teaching strategy to create an active-learning environment, helping pharmacy students improve their social and cognitive skills, such as decision-making, problem-solving, and communication.
    Matched MeSH terms: Problem Solving
  18. Abdollahi A, Talib MA, Yaacob SN, Ismail Z
    Issues Ment Health Nurs, 2014 Feb;35(2):100-7.
    PMID: 24502467 DOI: 10.3109/01612840.2013.843621
    Nursing is a stressful occupation, even when compared with other health professions; therefore, it is necessary to advance our knowledge about the protective factors that can help reduce stress among nurses. The present study sought to investigate the associations among problem-solving skills and hardiness with perceived stress in nurses. The participants, 252 nurses from six private hospitals in Tehran, completed the Personal Views Survey, the Perceived Stress Scale, and the Problem-Solving Inventory. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to analyse the data and answer the research hypotheses. As expected, greater hardiness was associated with low levels of perceived stress, and nurses low in perceived stress were more likely to be considered approachable, have a style that relied on their own sense of internal personal control, and demonstrate effective problem-solving confidence. These findings reinforce the importance of hardiness and problem-solving skills as protective factors against perceived stress among nurses, and could be important in training future nurses so that hardiness ability and problem-solving skills can be imparted, allowing nurses to have more ability to control their perceived stress.
    Matched MeSH terms: Problem Solving*
  19. Abdollahi A, Talib MA, Yaacob SN, Ismail Z
    PLoS One, 2015;10(4):e0122222.
    PMID: 25830229 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122222
    Recent evidence suggests that suicidal ideation is increased among university students, it is essential to increase our knowledge concerning the etiology of suicidal ideation among university students. This study was conducted to examine the relationships between problem-solving skills appraisal, hardiness, and suicidal ideation among university students. In addition, this study was conducted to examine problem-solving skills appraisal (including the three components of problem-solving confidence, approach-avoidance style, and personal control of emotion) as a potential mediator between hardiness and suicidal ideation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Problem Solving*
  20. Sahoo S, Mohammed CA
    Korean J Med Educ, 2018 Jun;30(2):109-118.
    PMID: 29860777 DOI: 10.3946/kjme.2018.86
    PURPOSE: This intervention was aimed to analyse the effect of academic writing and journal critiquing as educational approaches in improving critical thinking and collaborative learning among undergraduate medical students.

    METHODS: A research proposal writing format was created for the 4th year medical students of Melaka Manipal Medical College, Malaysia during their ophthalmology clinical postings. The students worked in small groups and developed research protocols through an evidence based approach. This was followed by writing reflective summaries in academic portfolios about the activity undertaken. A mixed methods study was designed to explore the possible role of collaborative research proposal writing in enhancing critical thinking and collaborative learning.

    RESULTS: Analysis of reflections submitted by 188 medical students after the intervention indicate that majority of them found an improvement in their skills of critical thinking and collaborative learning as a result of research protocol writing. All participants agreed that the model helped in applying concepts to new situations in the form of designing their own study, which reflected in enhanced higher order cognitive skills.

    CONCLUSION: This study shows that the introduction of a structured module in the core medical curriculum that focuses on research writing skills embedded with collaborative and reflective practices can enhance collaborative learning, critical thinking, and reasoning among medical students.

    Matched MeSH terms: Problem Solving*
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