MyMedR

An immunohistochemical study comparing clear cell sarcoma of the kidney and Wilms' tumor

Looi LM, Cheah PL

Pathology, 1993 Apr;25(2):106-9.

This study explores immunohistochemical characteristics that may be of diagnostic value in differentiating clear cell sarcoma of the kidney (CCSK) from Wilms' tumor (WT) and may provide some insight into the histogenesis of CCSK. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of 8 CCSK and 9 WT were stained, using the standard avidin-biotin peroxidase complex method, for vimentin (VIM), Factor-8 related antigen (F8A), epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), desmin (DES), S-100 protein and Mac 387. CCSK cells consistently exhibited moderate to strong diffuse cytoplasmic positivity for VIM and were negative for F8A, EMA, DES, S-100 and Mac 387. In contrast, only patchy groups of stromal cells and primitive glomeruloid structures in WT exhibited VIM-positivity. Blastemal cells were VIM-negative. Stromal cells with rhabdomyomatous differentiation exhibited cytoplasmic positivity for DES. Epithelial cells of maturing tubular structures showed EMA-positivity whereas immature tubular structures were EMA-negative. Neither blastemal, stromal nor epithelial elements in WT were positive for F8A, S-100 or Mac 387. Podocytes and mesangial cells of glomeruli in 3 mid-trimester human abortuses (controls) exhibited moderate to strong VIM-positivity. The importance of differentiating CCSK from WT has been repeatedly emphasized because of its poorer prognosis and the necessity of adding Adriamycin to the chemotherapeutic regime. The consistent VIM-positivity of CCSK cells can be a useful feature in differentiating it from "blastemal-predominant" WT, with which it is often confused. Although vimentin expression by CCSK cells is consistent with a mesenchymal character, the possibility of a histogenetic link with glomerular podocytes or mesangial cells should also be considered.

Matched MeSH terms: Sarcoma/pathology*; Sarcoma/chemistry

Mesenchymal stem cells: From stem cells to sarcomas

Lye KL, Nordin N, Vidyadaran S, Thilakavathy K

Cell Biol Int, 2016 Jun;40(6):610-8.

PMID: 26992453 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10603

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have garnered vast interests in clinical settings, especially in regenerative medicine due to their unique properties-they are reliably isolated and expanded from various tissue sources; they are able to differentiate into mesodermal tissues such as bones, cartilages, adipose tissues, and muscles; and they have unique immunosuppressive properties. However, there are some concerns pertaining to the role of MSCs in the human body. On one hand, they are crucial component in the regeneration and repair of the human body. On the contrary, they are shown to transform into sarcomas. Although the exact mechanisms are still unknown, many new leads have pointed to the belief that MSCs do play a role in sarcomagenesis. This review focuses on the current updates and findings of the role of MSCs in their transformation process into sarcomas.

Matched MeSH terms: Sarcoma/pathology*; Sarcoma/therapy

Delayed diagnosis of Ewing's sarcoma in a young patient presented with left knee monoarthritis

Lim CH, Lim YH, Radzi M

BMJ Case Rep, 2020 Mar 19;13(3).

PMID: 32198224 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2019-232193

A 19-year-old girl presented to the rheumatology clinic for left knee monoarthritis for the past 4 months. She also had constitutional symptoms with significant weight loss. On physical examination, she appeared cachexic, her left knee was swollen and tender. MRI of the left knee showed a soft tissue swelling extending into the knee joint. Left knee synovial fluid showed small round cells. Histopathology results were compatible with Ewing's sarcoma. Due to the delay in seeking medical advice, she succumbed to the disease 1 week after the diagnosis was made. Soft tissue/bone tumour causes monoarthritis is not common. A careful history taking, physical examination and investigations should be done in order to identify a sinister cause of monoarthritis such as Ewing's sarcoma. Early treatment should be initiated to ensure a better outcome.

Matched MeSH terms: Sarcoma, Ewing/diagnosis; Sarcoma, Ewing/pathology*

Preoperative lymphocyte count in relation to sarcoma prognosis

Teck Seo S, Singh VA, Yasin NF

J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong), 2019 6 22;27(2):2309499019854957.

PMID: 31221016 DOI: 10.1177/2309499019854957

PURPOSE: Inflammation plays a major role in tumour development, progression and metastasis. Multiple inflammatory markers such as absolute lymphocyte count, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), lymphocyte-monocyte ratio (LMR) and platelet-lymphocyte ratio have been discovered as prognostic markers for various malignancies. We investigate preoperative lymphocyte count and other cell count ratios and their relation to survival and prognosis of sarcoma patients after surgery.

METHODS: A total of 142 patients from the Orthopaedics Oncology Database were included into this retrospective study. Kaplan-Meier curve and multivariate Cox proportional models were used to calculate the overall survival of patients with sarcoma who underwent radical excision surgery.

RESULTS: High preoperative LMR is significantly associated with better overall survival and prognosis in sarcoma patients, whereas high preoperative NLR is significantly associated with shorter overall survival and poorer prognosis. Multivariate analysis shows that LMR and NLR are good predictors for overall survival at 3 and 5 years after surgery, respectively. Patients with high preoperative lymphocytes count are associated with longer overall survival, but this association is not statistically significant. Our findings suggest that preoperative NLR and LMR are good predictive markers for survival of sarcoma patients.

CONCLUSION: LMR and NLR can be used to identify patients at risk for poor clinical outcome, so that a more aggressive course of treatment can be applied to improve outcome. These are cost-effective prognostic tools as they are calculated from routine preoperative peripheral blood counts. In conclusion, preoperative NLR and LMR are good prognostic markers for predicting the clinical outcome of patients with sarcoma.

Matched MeSH terms: Sarcoma/pathology*; Sarcoma/surgery

Fulltext Monophasic spindle cell myxoid synovial sarcoma of the hand: promising results with marginal resection

Vijayan S, Mohammed AP, Kulkarni MS, Rao SK

BMJ Case Rep, 2021 Jan 28;14(1).

PMID: 33509874 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-238366

Synovial sarcomas are deep-seated, genetically distinct, malignant neoplasms seen in young adults, with a male preponderance. They have unusual clinical and pathological presentation and mimic many other sarcomas and carcinomas, making the diagnosis quite challenging. Although four variants are identified, occurrence in the hand is extremely rare and leads to significant morbidity. There is a high incidence of local recurrence and distant metastasis within the first 2 years. We report the case of an elderly woman with monophasic spindle cell synovial sarcoma who presented with painless swelling in her palm and underwent local excision of the neoplasm. At 2-year follow-up, she remains totally asymptomatic with normal function of the hand. We also attempt to give an overview about monophasic spindle cell synovial sarcoma with the differentials, which would help surgeons in prompt diagnosis and appropriate management.

Matched MeSH terms: Sarcoma, Synovial/pathology; Sarcoma, Synovial/surgery*

Total resolution of ocular Kaposi sarcoma with different treatment approaches - a case series and review of literature

Yeak J, Iqbal T, Zahari M, Ismail F

Int J STD AIDS, 2019 07;30(8):802-809.

PMID: 31046617 DOI: 10.1177/0956462418825353

Matched MeSH terms: Sarcoma, Kaposi/complications; Sarcoma, Kaposi/diagnosis*; Sarcoma, Kaposi/drug therapy; Sarcoma, Kaposi/radiotherapy

Cytokeratin immunoreactivity in Ewing sarcoma/ primitive neuroectodermal tumour

Elbashier SH, Nazarina AR, Looi LM

Malays J Pathol, 2013 Dec;35(2):139-45.

PMID: 24362477

Ewing sarcoma (ES)/ primitive neuroectodermal tumour (PNET) is an aggressive malignant neoplasm affecting mainly children and young adults. The tumour is included with other primitive neoplasms under the category of small round cell tumour. Cytokeratin expression in ES/PNET has been described in sporadic case reports as well as a few systemic series. We studied this feature in Malaysian patients diagnosed in University Malaya Medical Centre on the basis of typical morphology and immunohistochemical assays. Immunohistochemical staining for AE1/AE3 and MNF116 were performed in 43 cases. Cytokeratin was expressed in 17 cases (39.5%) in focal, intermediate or diffuse patterns. There was no significant association between cytokeratin immunoreactivity and the following parameters: patient age, sex, skeletal and extraskeletal primary location as well as primary, metastastic or recurrent tumours or chemotherapy treatment. A significant association between cytokeratin and neuron specific enolase (NSE) expression was demonstrated. Our study supports evidence of epithelial differentiation in ES/PNET and emphasizes that the expression of cytokeratin does not exclude ES/PNET in the differential diagnosis of small round cell tumours.

Matched MeSH terms: Sarcoma, Ewing/metabolism*; Sarcoma, Ewing/pathology

Fulltext Resection and reconstruction of malignant tumor involving sternum

Faisham WI, Ziyadi MG, Azman WS, Halim AS, Zulmi W, Biswal BM

Med J Malaysia, 2012 Apr;67(2):224-5.

PMID: 22822652 MyJurnal

We present a series of four cases of chest wall tumor, which underwent sternum resection. The methods of resection and reconstruction chest wall defect are discussed and the final outcome highlighted.

Matched MeSH terms: Sarcoma, Synovial/pathology; Sarcoma, Synovial/surgery*

Fulltext Resection and reconstruction of retroperitoneal sarcoma of spinal roots

Imran Y, Zulmi W, Faisham WI, Zainal M

Med J Malaysia, 2004 Dec;59 Suppl F:75-7.

PMID: 15941171

Matched MeSH terms: Sarcoma/diagnosis; Sarcoma/surgery*

Fulltext Pattern of primary musculoskeletal sarcomas referred to Institute of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Hospital Kuala Lumpur, 1995-1999

Tan LL, Ahmad K, Kareem BA, Harwant S

Med J Malaysia, 2001 Jun;56 Suppl C:52-6.

PMID: 11814250 MyJurnal

An epidemiological study of 101 consecutive musculoskeletal sarcomas seen at the Institute of Radiotherapy and Oncology between 1995 and 1999 inclusive was carried out. The commonest sarcomas seen were osteosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, Ewing's Sarcoma, liposarcoma, leimyosarcoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma and chondrosarcoma; which collectively accounted for 84.2% of the group. Thirty patients (29.7%) presented with metastases. The commonest site of occurrence was lower extremity with 47.5%, followed by 34.7% in the trunk and peritoneum/axial skeleton, 9.9% in the head and neck region; and 7.90 in the upper extremity. We found no apparent relationship between race and incidence osteosarcoma and Ewing's sarcoma, as was reported by previous workers.

Matched MeSH terms: Sarcoma/epidemiology*; Sarcoma/radiotherapy*

FZD1 activates protein kinase C delta-mediated drug-resistance in multidrug-resistant MES-SA/Dx5 cancer cells

Hung TH, Chen CM, Tseng CP, Shen CJ, Wang HL, Choo KB, et al.

Int J Biochem Cell Biol, 2014 Aug;53:55-65.

PMID: 24814288 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2014.04.011

Multidrug-resistant (MDR) cancer is a major clinical problem in chemotherapy of cancer patients. We have noted inappropriate PKCδ hypomethylation and overexpression of genes in the PKCδ/AP-1 pathway in the human uterus sarcoma drug-resistant cell line, MES-SA/Dx5 cells, which also overexpress p-glycoprotein (ABCB1). Recent studies have indicated that FZD1 is overexpressed in both multidrug-resistant cancer cell lines and in clinical tumor samples. These data have led us to hypothesize that the FZD1-mediated PKCδ signal-transduction pathway may play an important role in drug resistance in MES-SA/Dx5 cells. In this work, the PKCδ inhibitor Rottlerin was found to reduce ABCB1 expression and to inhibit the MDR drug pumping ability in the MES-SA/Dx5 cells when compared with the doxorubicin-sensitive parental cell line, MES-SA. PKCδ was up-regulated with concurrent up-regulation of the mRNA levels of the AP-1-related factors, c-JUN and c-FOS. Activation of AP-1 also correlated with up-regulation of the AP-1 downstream genes HGF and EGR1. Furthermore, AP-1 activities were reduced and the AP-1 downstream genes were down-regulated in Rottlerin-treated or PKCδ shRNA-transfected cells. MES-SA/Dx5 cells were resensitized to doxorubicin-induced toxicity by co-treatment with doxorubicin and Rottlerin or PKCδ shRNA. In addition, cell viability and drug pump-out ability were significantly reduced in the FZD1 inhibitor curcumin-treated and FZD1 shRNA-knockdown MES-SA/Dx5 cells, indicating involvement of PKCδ in FZD1-modulated ABCB1 expression pathway. Taken together, our data demonstrate that FZD1 regulates PKCδ, and the PKCδ/AP-1 signalling transduction pathway plays an important role in drug resistance in MES-SA/Dx5 cells.

Matched MeSH terms: Sarcoma/drug therapy; Sarcoma/genetics*; Sarcoma/pathology

A giant mastoid cholesteatoma with posterior cranial extension causing mass effect and obstructive hydrocephalus

Sabir BI, Rahmat K, Bux SI, Rajagopal NS, Looi LM, Sia SF

Clin Neurol Neurosurg, 2013 Oct;115(10):2192-6.

PMID: 23791432 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2013.05.023

Matched MeSH terms: Sarcoma/complications; Sarcoma/pathology; Sarcoma/surgery*

Fulltext Giant epidermoid cyst of the thigh

Mohamed Haflah N, Mohd Kassim A, Hassan Shukur M

Malays Orthop J, 2011 Nov;5(3):17-9.

PMID: 25279030 MyJurnal DOI: 10.5704/MOJ.1111.001

Epidermoid cyst is a common benign cutaneous swelling frequently encountered in surgical practice. It usually presents as a painless lump frequently occurring in hairbearing areas of the body particularly the scalp, scrotum, neck, shoulder and back. Giant epidermoid cysts commonly occur in hairy areas such as the scalp. We present here the case of a rare occurrence of a giant epidermoid cyst in the less hairy area of the right upper thigh mimicking a soft tissue sarcoma. Steps are highlighted for the management of this unusual cyst.

Matched MeSH terms: Sarcoma

Fulltext Biomarkers for Bone Tumors: Discovery from Genomics and Proteomics Studies and Their Challenges

Wan-Ibrahim WI, Singh VA, Hashim OH, Abdul-Rahman PS

Mol. Med., 2016 Mar;21(1):861-872.

PMID: 26581086 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2015.00183

Diagnosis of bone tumor currently relies on imaging and biopsy, and hence, the need to find less invasive ways for its accurate detection. More recently, numerous promising deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and protein biomarkers with significant prognostic, diagnostic and/or predictive abilities for various types of bone tumors have been identified from genomics and proteomics studies. This article reviewed the putative biomarkers for the more common types of bone tumors (that is, osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, chondrosarcoma [malignant] and giant cell tumor [benign]) that were unveiled from the studies. The benefits and drawbacks of these biomarkers, as well as the technology platforms involved in the research, were also discussed. Challenges faced in the biomarker discovery studies and the problems in their translation from the bench to the clinical settings were also addressed.

Matched MeSH terms: Sarcoma, Ewing

Collapsed wall: destructive and reconstructive surgery of anterior abdominal wall tumour in a young girl

Che Ghazali K, Mazian HA, Keat KC, Kai MWP, Md Hashim MN, Zakaria AD, et al.

J Surg Case Rep, 2019 Feb;2019(2):rjy345.

PMID: 30788087 DOI: 10.1093/jscr/rjy345

Natural history of abdominal wall soft tissue sarcoma is still poorly understood due to its rarity. In unpublished data of our institution, only seven cases of abdominal wall soft sarcoma with ICD-10 coding of 49.4 were found for past 10 years. We illustrate a case of juvenile fibrosarcoma of anterior abdominal wall. This is a case of young girl with anterior abdominal wall tumour, underwent wide local excision with immediate reconstruction. There are few options of surgical treatment for this case, but which is the best. It is always a challenge in managing young patient with giant abdominal wall defect in view of long term effect namely weakened abdominal wall, pregnancy related issue and risk of herniation and surgical site recurrence as well.

Matched MeSH terms: Fibrosarcoma; Sarcoma

Fulltext Radiation induced sarcoma: a risk that is almost forgotten

Ruhi Fadzlyana, J., Nani Harlina, M.L., Saladina Jaszle, J., Rohaizak, M.

Journal of Surgical Academia, 2014;4(1):67-69.

MyJurnal

Radiotherapy has been widely use as an adjuvant therapy in the breast cancer management. The usage has increased the incidence of radiation induce sarcoma. We here present a case of radiation induce sarcoma of the axilla following mastectomy and axillary lymph node dissection for infiltrating ductal carcinoma.

Matched MeSH terms: Sarcoma

Undifferentiated (embryonal) sarcoma of the liver in a six-year old: a case report

Rahman Jamal, Sharifah, N.A., Zulfiqar, A., Zakaria, Z.

Malaysian Journal of Child Health, 1997;9(2):199-202.

MyJurnal

We report a rare case of undifferentiated (embryonal) sarcoma of the liver in a six-year-old girl who at presentation, had fever, right hypochondrium pain and hepatomegaly. The diagnosis was clinched by fine needle aspiration cytology and was subsequently reconfirmed by histopathological examination of the resected tumour. Pre-operative chemotherapy was given because primary resection was deemed not possible. The patient underwent a successful extensive hepatectomy followed by continuation chemotherapy

Matched MeSH terms: Sarcoma

Fulltext Resection of thumb metacarpal ewing sarcoma and primary reconstruction with non-vascularized osteoarticular metatarsal autograft

Ariff, M.S., Faisham, W.I., Krishnan, J., Zulmi, W.

International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2015;14(1):103-107.

MyJurnal

Ewing sarcoma is a primary bone malignancy that rarely occurs in the hand. Resection and reconstruction will usually result in reduced or loss of thumb function. We describe a case of successful transplantation of non- vascularized osteoarticular second metatarsal autograft following wide resection of Ewing sarcoma of first metacarpal in an 11-year-old girl. The capsule of the graft’s metatarso-phalangeal joint was repaired to achieve mobility of the joint. This enabled preservation of thumb function by a relatively simple surgical technique. Detailed surgical procedures and excellence function after 2 years following surgery are described.

Matched MeSH terms: Sarcoma, Ewing

Fulltext Endometrial stromal sarcoma with Cd56 expression: a case report

Azizan, N., Hayati, F., Madatang, A., Abu Seman, F.

Journal of Surgical Academia, 2018;8(1):36-38.

MyJurnal

Endometrial stromal sarcoma (ESS) is a rare malignant tumour of the endometrium, accounts for less than 1% of all
uterine malignancies. Routinely, it is diagnosed morphologically, supported by immunomarkers of CD10 and
vimentin. CD56 is used widely in neuroendocrine tumour. In our current practice, CD56 is not used to support the
diagnosis of ESS. We present a case of a postmenopausal lady with advanced ESS who had expression of CD56
upon immunohistochemical study

Matched MeSH terms: Sarcoma, Endometrial Stromal

Primary sarcoma of the spleen

Singh P

Journal of the Malaya Branch of the British Medical Association, 1940;4:322-24.

A case of primary endothelial sarcoma of the spleen treated by splenectomy is described.

Matched MeSH terms: Sarcoma

Displaying publications 41 - 60 of 109 in total