Displaying publications 41 - 60 of 100 in total

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  1. Fulltext Traditional tonifying polyherbal infusion, Jatu-Phala-Tiga, exerts antioxidant activities and extends lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans
    Wetchakul P, Goon JA, Adekoya AE, Olatunji OJ, Ruangchuay S, Jaisamut P, et al.
    BMC Complement Altern Med, 2019 Aug 13;19(1):209.
    PMID: 31409340 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2626-1
    BACKGROUND: The imbalance between the generation of free radicals and natural cellular antioxidant defenses, known as oxidative stress, can cause oxidation of biomolecules and further contribute to aging-associated diseases. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant capacities of Thai traditional tonifying preparation, Jatu-Phala-Tiga (JPT) and its herbal ingredients consisting of Phyllanthus emblica, Terminalia arjuna, Terminalia chebula, and Terminalia bellirica and further assess its effect on longevity.

    METHOD: Antioxidant activities of various extracts obtained from JPT and its herbal components were carried out using well-established methods including metal chelating, free radical scavenging, and ferric reducing antioxidant power assays. Qualitative analysis of the chemical composition from JPT water extract was done by high-performance liquid chromatography tandem with electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry. The effect of JPT water extract on the lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans were additionally described.

    RESULTS: Among the extracts, JPT water extract exerted remarkable antioxidant activities as compared to the extracts from other solvents and individual constituting plant extract. JPT water extract was found to possess the highest metal chelating activity, with an IC50 value of 1.75 ± 0.05 mg/mL. Moreover, it exhibited remarkable scavenging activities towards DPPH, ABTS, and superoxide anion radicals, with IC50 values of 0.31 ± 0.02, 0.308 ± 0.004, and 0.055 ± 0.002 mg/mL, respectively. The ORAC and FRAP values of JPT water extract were 40.338 ± 2.273 μM of Trolox/μg of extract and 23.07 ± 1.84 mM FeSO4/mg sample, respectively. Several well-known antioxidant-related compounds including amaronols, quinic acid, gallic acid, fertaric acid, kurigalin, amlaic acid, isoterchebin, chebulagic acid, ginkgolide C, chebulinic acid, ellagic acid, and rutin were found in this extract. Treatment with JPT water extract at 1 and 5 mg/mL increased C. elegans lifespan under normal growth condition (7.26 ± 0.65 vs. 10.4 0± 0.75 (p 

    Matched MeSH terms: Glucosides/analysis; Glucosides/pharmacology
  2. The insulin-sensitising properties of the ellagitannin geraniin and its metabolites from Nephelium lappaceum rind in 3T3-L1 cells
    Perera A, Ton SH, Moorthy M, Palanisamy UD
    Int J Food Sci Nutr, 2020 Dec;71(8):940-953.
    PMID: 32319838 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2020.1754348
    In this study, the insulin-like and insulin sensitising effects of the ellagitannins geraniin, corilagin, ellagic acid, gallic acid and Nephelium lappaceum rind extract in 3T3-L1 adipocytes was investigated. It was observed that non-toxic concentrations of geraniin and its metabolites (0.2-20 μM) and N. lappaceum extract (0.2-20 μg/mL) exhibited insulin-like properties in the absence of insulin and insulin-sensitising properties in the presence of insulin particularly with regards to glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The compounds were further able to promote adipocyte differentiation and may be involved in the inhibition of lipolysis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes in the presence of insulin. However further study into the molecular mechanisms of action of these compounds need to be carried out to better understand the potential of these compounds/extracts to act as therapeutic agents for hyperglycaemia associated with diabetes mellitus and obesity.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glucosides/pharmacology*; Glucosides/chemistry
  3. Characterisation of galloylated cyanogenic glucosides and hydrolysable tannins from leaves of Phyllagathis rotundifolia by LC-ESI-MS/MS
    Hooi Poay T, Sui Kiong L, Cheng Hock C
    Phytochem Anal, 2011 Nov-Dec;22(6):516-25.
    PMID: 21495106 DOI: 10.1002/pca.1312
    Phyllagathis rotundifolia (Jack) Bl. (Melastomataceae) is a creeping herb found in Peninsular Malaysia and Sumatra. Traditionally, a decoction of the leaves is used in the treatment of malaria, fever and stomach ache.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glucosides/isolation & purification; Glucosides/chemistry*
  4. Fulltext Assessment of extraction parameters on antioxidant capacity, polyphenol content, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), epicatechin gallate (ECG) and iriflophenone 3-C-β-glucoside of agarwood (Aquilaria crassna) young leaves
    Tay PY, Tan CP, Abas F, Yim HS, Ho CW
    Molecules, 2014 Aug 14;19(8):12304-19.
    PMID: 25153858 DOI: 10.3390/molecules190812304
    The effects of ethanol concentration (0%-100%, v/v), solid-to-solvent ratio (1:10-1:60, w/v) and extraction time (30-180 min) on the extraction of polyphenols from agarwood (Aquilaria crassna) were examined. Total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and total flavanol (TF) assays and HPLC-DAD were used for the determination and quantification of polyphenols, flavanol gallates (epigallocatechin gallate--EGCG and epicatechin gallate--ECG) and a benzophenone (iriflophenone 3-C-β-glucoside) from the crude polyphenol extract (CPE) of A. crassna. 2,2'-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity was used to evaluate the antioxidant capacity of the CPE. Experimental results concluded that ethanol concentration and solid-to-solvent ratio had significant effects (p<0.05) on the yields of polyphenol and antioxidant capacity. Extraction time had an insignificant influence on the recovery of EGCG, ECG and iriflophenone 3-C-β-glucoside, as well as radical scavenging capacity from the CPE. The extraction parameters that exhibited maximum yields were 40% (v/v) ethanol, 1:60 (w/v) for 30 min where the TPC, TFC, TF, DPPH, EGCG, ECG and iriflophenone 3-C-β-glucoside levels achieved were 183.5 mg GAE/g DW, 249.0 mg QE/g DW, 4.9 mg CE/g DW, 93.7%, 29.1 mg EGCG/g DW, 44.3 mg ECG/g DW and 39.9 mg iriflophenone 3-C-β-glucoside/g DW respectively. The IC50 of the CPE was 24.6 mg/L.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glucosides/isolation & purification*; Glucosides/chemistry
  5. Fulltext A classical genetic solution to enhance the biosynthesis of anticancer phytochemicals in Andrographis paniculata Nees
    Valdiani A, Talei D, Tan SG, Abdul Kadir M, Maziah M, Rafii MY, et al.
    PLoS One, 2014;9(2):e87034.
    PMID: 24586262 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087034
    Andrographolides, the diterpene lactones, are major bioactive phytochemicals which could be found in different parts of the medicinal herb Andrographis paniculata. A number of such compounds namely andrographolide (AG), neoandrographolide (NAG), and 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide (DDAG) have already attracted a great deal of attention due to their potential therapeutic effects in hard-to-treat diseases such as cancers and HIV. Recently, they have also been considered as substrates for the discovery of novel pharmaceutical compounds. Nevertheless, there is still a huge gap in knowledge on the genetic pattern of the biosynthesis of these bioactive compounds. Hence, the present study aimed to investigate the genetic mechanisms controlling the biosynthesis of these phytochemicals using a diallel analysis. The high performance liquid chromatography analysis of the three andrographolides in 210 F1 progenies confirmed that the biosynthesis of these andrographolides was considerably increased via intraspecific hybridization. The results revealed high, moderate and low heterosis for DDAG, AG and NAG, respectively. Furthermore, the preponderance of non-additive gene actions was affirmed in the enhancement of the three andrographolides contents. The consequence of this type of gene action was the occurrence of high broad-sense and low narrow-sense heritabilities for the above mentioned andrographolides. The prevalence of non-additive gene action suggests the suitability of heterosis breeding and hybrid seed production as a preferred option to produce new plant varieties with higher andrographolide contents using the wild accessions of A. paniculata. Moreover, from an evolutionary point of view, the occurrence of population bottlenecks in the Malaysian accessions of A. paniculata was unveiled by observing a low level of additive genetic variance (VA ) for all the andrographolides.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glucosides/genetics; Glucosides/metabolism
  6. Fulltext In vitro wound healing potential and identification of bioactive compounds from Moringa oleifera Lam
    Muhammad AA, Pauzi NA, Arulselvan P, Abas F, Fakurazi S
    Biomed Res Int, 2013;2013:974580.
    PMID: 24490175 DOI: 10.1155/2013/974580
    Moringa oleifera Lam. (M. oleifera) from the monogeneric family Moringaceae is found in tropical and subtropical countries. The present study was aimed at exploring the in vitro wound healing potential of M. oleifera and identification of active compounds that may be responsible for its wound healing action. The study included cell viability, proliferation, and wound scratch test assays. Different solvent crude extracts were screened, and the most active crude extract was further subjected to differential bioguided fractionation. Fractions were also screened and most active aqueous fraction was finally obtained for further investigation. HPLC and LC-MS/MS analysis were used for identification and confirmation of bioactive compounds. The results of our study demonstrated that aqueous fraction of M. oleifera significantly enhanced proliferation and viability as well as migration of human dermal fibroblast (HDF) cells compared to the untreated control and other fractions. The HPLC and LC-MS/MS studies revealed kaempferol and quercetin compounds in the crude methanolic extract and a major bioactive compound Vicenin-2 was identified in the bioactive aqueous fraction which was confirmed with standard Vicenin-2 using HPLC and UV spectroscopic methods. These findings suggest that bioactive fraction of M. oleifera containing Vicenin-2 compound may enhance faster wound healing in vitro.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glucosides/administration & dosage; Glucosides/isolation & purification
  7. Fulltext Bioprospecting the Curculigoside-Cinnamic Acid-Rich Fraction from Molineria latifolia Rhizome as a Potential Antioxidant Therapeutic Agent
    Ooi DJ, Chan KW, Sarega N, Alitheen NB, Ithnin H, Ismail M
    Molecules, 2016 Jun 17;21(6).
    PMID: 27322226 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21060682
    Increasing evidence from both experimental and clinical studies depicts the involvement of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of various diseases. Specifically, disruption of homeostatic redox balance in accumulated body fat mass leads to obesity-associated metabolic syndrome. Strategies for the restoration of redox balance, potentially by exploring potent plant bioactives, have thus become the focus of therapeutic intervention. The present study aimed to bioprospect the potential use of the curculigoside-cinnamic acid-rich fraction from Molineria latifolia rhizome as an antioxidant therapeutic agent. The ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) isolated from M. latifolia rhizome methanolic extract (RME) contained the highest amount of phenolic compounds, particularly curculigoside and cinnamic acid. EAF demonstrated glycation inhibitory activities in both glucose- and fructose-mediated glycation models. In addition, in vitro chemical-based and cellular-based antioxidant assays showed that EAF exhibited high antioxidant activities and a protective effect against oxidative damage in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Although the efficacies of individual phenolics differed depending on the structure and concentration, a correlational study revealed strong correlations between total phenolic contents and antioxidant capacities. The results concluded that enriched phenolic contents in EAF (curculigoside-cinnamic acid-rich fraction) contributed to the overall better reactivity. Our data suggest that this bioactive-rich fraction warrants therapeutic potential against oxidative stress-related disorders.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glucosides/administration & dosage; Glucosides/chemistry
  8. Fulltext Moringa Genus: A Review of Phytochemistry and Pharmacology
    Abd Rani NZ, Husain K, Kumolosasi E
    Front Pharmacol, 2018;9:108.
    PMID: 29503616 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00108
    Moringa
    is a genus of medicinal plants that has been used traditionally to cure wounds and various diseases such as colds and diabetes. In addition, the genus is also consumed as a source of nutrients and widely used for purifying water. The genus consists of 13 species that have been widely cultivated throughout Asia and Africa for their multiple uses. The purpose of this review is to provide updated and categorized information on the traditional uses, phytochemistry, biological activities, and toxicological research ofMoringaspecies in order to explore their therapeutic potential and evaluate future research opportunities. The literature reviewed for this paper was obtained from PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar journal papers published from 1983 to March 2017.Moringaspecies are well-known for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antihyperglycemic activities. Most of their biological activity is caused by their high content of flavonoids, glucosides, and glucosinolates. By documenting the traditional uses and biological activities ofMoringaspecies, we hope to support new research on these plants, especially on those species whose biological properties have not been studied to date.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glucosides
  9. The protective mechanisms of polydatin in cerebral ischemia
    Tang KS, Tan JS
    Eur J Pharmacol, 2019 Jan 05;842:133-138.
    PMID: 30385347 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.10.039
    The prevalence of stroke is high in both developing and developed nations. It causes a heavy social and financial burden to the sufferers and their caregivers. Thrombolytic therapy is the only pharmacological treatment available for stroke. However, thrombolytic agents do not provide substantial improvement on long term motor and cognitive disabilities. Thus, there is a need to explore for new compounds that can halt or reverse the deterioration of neurons in the stroke patients' brain. Polydatin, a precursor of resveratrol, is a natural stilbene commonly found in food. This review article describes how different parameters were altered with ischemic injury and polydatin treatment, why it is important and how it could be beneficial or useful in future studies. Our review of polydatin provides convincing evidence regarding the potential of polydatin to be developed into preventive or therapeutic products for ischemic stroke. Nevertheless, additional studies are necessary in order to properly elucidate the biological mechanisms of polydatin, especially its molecular mechanisms of protection and target proteins, in cerebral ischemia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glucosides
  10. Fulltext Saffron (Crocus sativus L.): As an Antidepressant
    Siddiqui MJ, Saleh MSM, Basharuddin SNBB, Zamri SHB, Mohd Najib MHB, Che Ibrahim MZB, et al.
    J Pharm Bioallied Sci, 2018 12 21;10(4):173-180.
    PMID: 30568374 DOI: 10.4103/JPBS.JPBS_83_18
    Saffron, Crocus sativus (Iridaceae), is a perennial herb, which earned its popularity as both medicine and spice. It is an inhabitant of different mountainous regions of Asia Minor to Greece, Western Asia, Egypt, and India. The benefits of saffron as an antidepressant are well-documented. Almost 150 volatile and nonvolatile compounds are obtained from the chemical analysis of this plant. Fewer than 50 constituents elucidated and identified so far showed phytochemical characteristics. The major bioactive compounds identified are safranal, crocin, and picrocrocin, which are responsible for its aroma as well as its bitter taste. This review is an attempt to encompass the methods of analysis and pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties of saffron followed by its efficacious and safe potential.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glucosides
  11. Fulltext Transcriptional regulation of Lonicera japonica Thunb. during flower development as revealed by comprehensive analysis of transcription factors
    Wang T, Yang B, Guan Q, Chen X, Zhong Z, Huang W, et al.
    BMC Plant Biol, 2019 May 14;19(1):198.
    PMID: 31088368 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1803-1
    BACKGROUND: Lonicera japonica Thunb. flower has been used for the treatment of various diseases for a long time and attracted many studies on its potential effects. Transcription factors (TFs) regulate extensive biological processes during plant development. As the restricted reports of L. japonica on TFs, our work was carried out to better understand the TFs' regulatory roles under different developmental stages in L. japonica.

    RESULTS: In this study, 1316 TFs belonging to 52 families were identified from the transcriptomic data, and corresponding expression profiles during the L. japonica flower development were comprehensively analyzed. 917 (69.68%) TFs were differentially expressed. TFs in bHLH, ERF, MYB, bZIP, and NAC families exhibited obviously altered expression during flower growth. Based on the analysis of differentially expressed TFs (DETFs), TFs in MYB, WRKY, NAC and LSD families that involved in phenylpropanoids biosynthesis, senescence processes and antioxidant activity were detected. The expression of MYB114 exhibited a positive correlation with the contents of luteoloside; Positive correlation was observed among the expression of MYC12, chalcone synthase (CHS) and flavonol synthase (FLS), while negative correlation was observed between the expression of MYB44 and the synthases; The expression of LSD1 was highly correlated with the expression of SOD and the total antioxidant capacity, while the expression of LOL1 and LOL2 exhibited a negative correlation with them; Many TFs in NAC and WRKY families may be potentially involved in the senescence process regulated by hormones and reactive oxygen species (ROS). The expression of NAC19, NAC29, and NAC53 exhibited a positive correlation with the contents of ABA and H2O2, while the expression of WRKY53, WRKY54, and WRKY70 exhibited a negative correlation with the contents of JA, SA and ABA.

    CONCLUSIONS: Our study provided a comprehensive characterization of the expression profiles of TFs during the developmental stages of L. japonica. In addition, we detected the key TFs that may play significant roles in controlling active components biosynthesis, antioxidant activity and flower senescence in L. japonica, thereby providing valuable insights into the molecular networks underlying L. japonica flower development.

    Matched MeSH terms: Glucosides
  12. Expression and functional analysis of a transgenic cytochrome P450 monooxygenase in pueraria mirifica
    Xu L, Kaopong R, Nualkaew S, Chullasara A, Phongdara A
    Sains Malaysiana, 2017;46:1491-1498.
    soflavonoids are the main compound in White Kwao Krua (Pueraria mirifica), which is an effective folk medicinal plant endemic to Thailand. It has been widely used for improving human physical and treating diseases. There are substances with estrogenic activities have been isolated from P. mirifica, such as puerarin, daidzein and genistein. Isoflavone synthase (IFS) is one of the key enzymes in Leguminous plants to convert liquiritigenin, liquiritigenin C-glucoside and naringenin chalcone to isoflavonoids. The aim of this research was to enhance the production of isoflavonoids by metabolic engineering. Transgenic plants were constructed by introducing P450 gene (EgP450) which is similar to IFS from oil palm (Elaeis guineensis), into P. mirifica by a biolistic method. After the transgenic plants had proved successfully, isoflavonoids of each group plants were determined by HPLC. The contents of daidzein and genistein in transgenic plants were higher than the control plants
    Matched MeSH terms: Glucosides
  13. Lactobacillus fermentum LAB 9-fermented soymilk with enriched isoflavones and antioxidants improved memory in vivo
    Mohamad Fakri E, Lim S, Musa N, Hazizul Hasan M, Adam A, Ramasamy K
    Sains Malaysiana, 2016;45:1289-1297.
    This study examined lactic acid bacteria (LAB)-fermented soymilk for their ability in hydrolyzing glucosides to aglycones
    and corresponding antioxidant capacity and memory enhancing effect. Twelve LAB isolated from Malaysian fermented food
    and milk products were incubated in commercially available soymilk for 48 h. Generally, soymilk supported LAB growth
    and significantly increased (p<0.05) conversion to bioactive aglycone by 2.1-6.5 fold when compared to unfermented
    soymilk. Lactobacillus fermentum LAB 9- fermented soymilk, in particular, was presented with increased total phenolic
    content (+10%) as opposed to unfermented soymilk. Lactobacilli (LAB 10-12)- and pediococci (LAB 5)-fermented soymilk
    elicited maximal DPPH radical-scavenging activity. LAB 1, 7, 8, 9 and 12 exhibited significantly higher (p<0.05) ferrous
    ion chelating activity when compared to control. Interestingly, LAB 9 had significantly improved memory deficit (p<0.05)
    in LPS-challenged mice. LAB-enriched nutritional value of soymilk could be useful against oxidative stress and memory
    deficit.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glucosides
  14. Fulltext Antibacterial activities of the extracts, fractions and isolated compounds from Canarium patentinervium Miq. against bacterial clinical isolates
    Mogana R, Adhikari A, Tzar MN, Ramliza R, Wiart C
    BMC Complement Med Ther, 2020 Feb 14;20(1):55.
    PMID: 32059725 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-2837-5
    BACKGROUND: Canarium patentinervium leaves are used by the local indigenous people of Malaysia for wound healing. The current study is undertaken to screen the comprehensive antibacterial activity of the leaves and barks extracts, fractions and isolated compounds from this plant. Bioassay guided fractionation was also undertaken to deeply evaluate the antibacterial activity of the water fraction of the leaves extract. This is to provide preliminary scientific evidence to the ethnopharmacology usage of this plant by investigating antibacterial properties of the plant and its isolated constituents.

    METHODS: Bio-assay guided fractionation and subsequent isolation of compounds using open column chromatography. The antibacterial activity against gram positive and gram negative ATCC strain and resistant clinical strains were evaluated using microtiter broth dilution method to determine minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and time-kill assay. The chemical structure of the isolated compounds from the water fraction of the ethanol extract of leaves was elucidated using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR).

    RESULTS: The ethanol extract of the leaves and barks showed antimicrobial activity against all four ATCC and eight clinical isolates. The ethanol extract of the leaves and the corresponding water fraction had good activity against MRSA S. aureus. (MIC: 250 μg/ml) and had bactericidal effect on eight of the clinical strains (MSSA,MRSA, oxacillin-resistant CONS, oxacillin-sensitive CONS, Enterococcus faecalis, Klebsiela species, Kleb pneumoniae ESBL and Candida parapsilosis). Further phytochemical investigation of the water fraction of the crude ethanol extract of leaves afforded compound 7 (hyperin) and compound 8 (cynaroside) that had bactericidal activity against tested bacterial species (MIC 50 μg/ml and 100 μg/ml). The two compounds were isolated from this genus for the first time.

    CONCLUSIONS: These results may provide a rational support for the traditional use of Canarium patentinervium Miq. in infections and wound healing, since the antimicrobial compounds isolated were also present in the leaves extract.

    Matched MeSH terms: Glucosides
  15. Fulltext Sodium-Glucose Co-transporter 2 Inhibitors in Heart Failure: Recent Data and Implications for Practice
    Rosano G, Quek D, Martínez F
    Card Fail Rev, 2020 Mar;6:e31.
    PMID: 33294215 DOI: 10.15420/cfr.2020.23
    Heart failure is a shared chronic phase of many cardiac diseases and its prevalence is on the rise globally. Previous large-scale cardiovascular outcomes trials of sodium.glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) have suggested that these agents may help to prevent primary and secondary hospitalisation due to heart failure and cardiovascular death in these patients. Data from the Study to Evaluate the Effect of Dapagliflozin on the Incidence of Worsening Heart Failure or Cardiovascular Death in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure (DAPA-HF) and Empagliflozin Outcome Trial in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction (EMPEROR-Reduced) have demonstrated the positive clinical impact of SGLT2 inhibition in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction both with and without T2D. These data have led to the approval of dapagliflozin for the treatment of patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, irrespective of T2D status. This article reviews the latest data reported from the DAPA-HF and EMPEROR-Reduced trials and their clinical implications for the treatment of patients with heart failure.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glucosides
  16. Fulltext Compounds from the antioxidant active fraction of M. Platytyrea
    Nur Fadhilah Mohamad Haris, Mohd Kamal Nik Hasan, Mizaton Hazizul Hasan, Ibtisam Abdul Wahab
    Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia, 2016;14(1):23-29.
    MyJurnal
    This article discusses on the natural compounds from the ant plant (Myrmecodia species, family: Rubiaceae). The ethyl
    acetate (EtOAc) extract from the tuber of M. platytyrea was fractionated by using medium pressure liquid chromatography,
    giving eight fractions (F1-F8). Those fractions were evaluated using the 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)
    assay. Fraction F5 was recorded as potent (EC50 = 21.57 ± 1.40 µg/mL). Then, it was purified by using column
    chromatography (CC) (mobile phase = chloroform: EtOAc). From the CC, ten fractions (F5F1-F5F10) were obtained
    and compound (1) was isolated from F5F3 via preparative thin layer chromatography (TLC). After spraying with
    anisaldehyde-sulphuric reagent, compound (1) gave a green TLC spot (Rf
    = 0.65, 100% CHCl3
    , multiple development).
    The 1
    H-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy (500 MHz, CDCl3
    ) was performed to determine the chemical
    framework of (1). This compound was identified as morindolide, having an iridoid structure. Meanwhile, the mass
    spectra for compounds (2) and (3) were analysed. The data presented the molecular ion at m/z 375 [M-H]- and 255,
    suggesting the formulation of 2-(2-methylbutyryl)phloroglucinol glucoside and a flavanone, respectively. From the
    literature, compound (1) was firstly isolated from a Chinese natural medicine, the dried root of Morinda officinalis
    (family: Rubiaceae). The flavonoids are also included as the biologically active compounds from Myrmecodia. In
    short, this is the first occurrence of morindolide from the ant plant.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glucosides
  17. Fulltext Effect of gamma-radiation on major aroma compounds and vanillin glucoside of cured vanilla beans (vanilla planifolia)
    Salmah Moosa, Seri Chempaka Mohd. Yusof, Ruzalina Bahrin, Maizatul Akmam Md. Nasir
    Jurnal Sains Nuklear Malaysia, 2014;26(1):18-24.
    MyJurnal
    Radiation processing of food materials by gamma-radiation is a well-established method for
    microbial decontamination and insect disinfestation. Irradiation of spices at doses ranging from
    10 to 30 kGy has been reported to result in complete elimination of microorganisms with
    negligible changes in the flavour quality. The effect of gamma-radiation on microflora and
    vanillin content of cured vanilla beans in the dose range of 5 - 50 kGy has been investigated, but
    its effect on other major aroma compounds and vanillin glucoside (vanillin aroma precursor)
    remaining after curing have not been studied so far. Vanillin (4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde)
    is one such compound used as a flavouring agent and as a dietary component. It is the major
    component of natural vanilla, which is one of the most widely used and important flavouring
    materials throughout the world. Vanillin is an antioxidant capable of protecting membrane
    against lipid peroxidation and DNA against strand breaks induced by reactive oxygen species.
    The present work was aimed to study the effect of gamma-radiation processing on the major
    aroma compounds of cured vanilla beans and also to investigate possible enhancement in vanillin
    content by the radiolytic breakdown of vanillin glucoside present already. Cured vanilla beans
    were irradiated (5, 10, 15, 20 and 30 kGy) and the vanillin content of control and irradiated
    samples were analysed, respectively for possible enhancement of vanillin content by radiolysis of
    vanillin glucoside. Radiolytic breakdown of glycosidic precursors of aroma constituents and
    consequent release of free aroma was shown to result in the enhancement of aroma quality of
    these products. Since a considerable amount of vanillin exists as its glycosidic precursor in cured
    vanilla pods, a possible enhancement in yield of vanillin by radiation processing is thus expected.
    Hence the highly stable oxygen–carbon linkage between vanillin and glucose limits the possible
    enhancement of aroma quality of irradiated beans.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glucosides
  18. Fulltext Effects of acute and chronic gamma irradiation on in vitro growth of stevia rebaudiana bertoni
    Norazlina Noordin, Rusli Ibrahim, Nur Hidayah Mohd Sajahan, Salmah Moosa, Sobri Hussein
    Jurnal Sains Nuklear Malaysia, 2014;26(2):17-25.
    MyJurnal
    Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni is a perennial herb that belongs to the family of Asteraceae. It is a
    natural sweetener plant known as sweet leaf, which is estimated to be 300 times sweeter than cane
    sugar. In this study, micropropagation and in vitro mutagenesis of this natural herb was
    successfully conducted. It was found that shoot tips on MS medium supplemented with 1 mg/l
    Kinetin showed the highest shoot induction and multiplication after 3 weeks of culture
    (5.50±1.95a). Radiosensitivity test was conducted to identify the dose that killed 50% of the
    irradiated explants (LD50) for in vitro stevia shoots and to select effective doses to be used for the in
    vitro mutagenesis. Shoot tips were irradiated with acute and chronic gamma radiation at 0, 10, 20,
    30, 40, 60, and 80Gy. At 60 Gy and 80 Gy, all treated shoot tips were not survived. In this study,
    LD50 for the stevia was estimated at 29 Gy for acute irradiation and 45 Gy for chronic irradiation.
    The effective doses were selected at 10, 20, 30 and 40 Gy. These selected doses were applied for the
    in vitro mutagenesis of the stevia shoots
    Matched MeSH terms: Glucosides
  19. Fulltext Potential use of Malaysian rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) seed as food, feed and biofuel
    International Food Research Journal, 2010;17(3):527-534.
    MyJurnal
    Rubber seed as a waste product from rubber plantations contains nutritive values that can be harnessed
    as food for human, feed for animals or biofuel for energy. Proximate analysis showed moisture content of
    3.99%, protein content of 17.41 g/100g, fat content of 68.53 ± 0.04 g/100g and ash content of 3.08 ± 0.01
    g/100g. Amino acid in rubber seed is high in Glutamic acid (16.13%) and low in Cysteine (0.78%). Despite its potential as a source of protein, fresh rubber seeds contain a toxic factor, cyanogenetic glucoside (186 mg/kg). FAME analysis indicated that rubber seed oil is high in oleic, linoleic and linolenic acid. The fuel potential of rubber seed (585.41 kJ/kg) is in reasonable agreement with ASTM.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glucosides
  20. Fulltext Antimicrobial activity and chemical composition of Pistacia chinensis Bunge leaves
    Rashed, K., Said, A., Abdo, A., Selim, S.
    International Food Research Journal, 2016;23(1):316-321.
    MyJurnal
    This work was carried out for determining antimicrobial activity of Pistacia chinensis leaves
    methanol extract and identifying the chemical composition of the plant extract. Methanol extract
    was tested for antimicrobial activity using disc-diffusion assay and the extract was fractionated
    on silica gel column chromatography for the isolation of the bio-active constituents. The leaves
    extract of P. chinensis showed a significant antimicrobial effect, it strongly inhibited the growth
    of the test bacteria and yeast studied. Chromatograpic separation of the methanol extract of
    P. chinensis leaves has led to the isolation and characterization of β-sitosterol, luepol, and
    six flavonoids, quercetin, myricetin, quercetin 3-O-α-rhamnoside, quercetin 3-O-β-glucoside,
    myricetin 3-O-α-rhamnoside and myricetin 3-O-β-glucuronide using various chromatographic
    procedures and the interpretation of spectral data in comparison with already existing data
    reported in the literature. The results presented here may suggest that the leaves extract of P.
    chinensis possess antimicrobial properties, and therefore, can be used as natural preservative
    ingredients in food and/or pharmaceuticals.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glucosides
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