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Fulltext Syphilis in the military community

Supramaniam V

Med J Malaysia, 1980 Mar;34(3):248-53.
PMID: 7412665

288 notifications of syphilis in military personnel for 1974 to 1978 are analysed. 56 cases are primary and 232 are latent syphilis in service personnel and 13 in women and children. Antenatal screening detected 56 cases (0.9%) of syphilis. Only 24 cases among soldiers had confirmatory tests done. Treatment varied and some were inadequately treated, others overtreated and many with incorrect schedules. Intramuscular penicillin was the treatment of choice in 85% of cases. Follow-up of cases was inadequate. In all, it indicated a poor control programme for STD. A good programme is possible within the armed forces set-up and a number of measures are suggested.

Matched MeSH terms: Military Personnel
Fulltext Does military spending stifle economic growth? The empirical evidence from non-OECD countries

Azam M

Heliyon, 2020 Dec;6(12):e05853.
PMID: 33426342 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05853

Undeniably, peace and long-term sustainable economic development are the prime agenda of all countries. This study aims to empirically evaluate the impact of military spending on economic growth for a panel of 35 non-OECD countries over 1988-2019. A multivariate regression model based on the augmented production function is used to achieve the objective of the study. The panel autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL)/pooled mean group (PMG) technique is employed, while, in addition the robust least squares and fixed-effect estimators are implemented for the robustness of the results. This study found a clear negative effect of military spending on economic growth. The pairwise Dumitrescu Hurlin panel causality test results exhibit bi-directional causality between military expenses and economic growth. Overall, these estimates provide strong support that military expenditure is not beneficial rather detrimental to economic growth. The empirical findings of this study suggest that policymakers need to redesign the military budget to stimulate economic growth and improve social welfare.

Matched MeSH terms: Military Personnel
Fulltext Influence of Exposure at Different Altitudes on the Executive Function of Plateau Soldiers-Evidence From ERPs and Neural Oscillations

Wei X, Ni X, Zhao S, Chi A

Front Physiol, 2021;12:632058.
PMID: 33935798 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.632058

This study investigates the changes in soldiers' brain executive function at different altitude environments and their relationship with blood oxygen saturation. Stratified sampling was conducted in different altitude 133 active-duty soldiers who were stationed in Weinan (347 m, n = 34), Nyingchi (2,950 m, n = 32), Lhasa (3,860 m, n = 33), and Nagqu (4,890 m, n = 34) for 2 years. The Go/NoGo paradigm with event-related potentials (ERPs) and event-related oscillations (EROs) was used to explore the time and neural oscillation courses of response inhibition. Behavioral results revealed that at the 4,890-m altitude area, the soldiers had the highest false alarm rate, the longest reaction time, and the slowest information transmission rate. The electrophysiological results revealed that NoGo-N2 and N2d decreased with increasing altitude, with significant changes at 3,860 m; the amplitudes of NoGo-P3 and P3d in plateau groups were significantly more negative than the plain and changed significantly at 2,950 m. The results of correlation analysis showed that NoGo-P3 was negatively correlated with altitude (r = -0.358, p = 0.000), positively correlated with SpO2 (r = 0.197, p = 0.041) and information translation rate (ITR) (r = 0.202, p = 0.036). P3d was negatively correlated with altitude (r = -0.276, p = 0.004) and positively correlated with ITR (r = 0.228, p = 0.018). N2d was negatively correlated with ITR (r = 0.204, p = 0.034). The power spectrum analysis of NoGo-N2 and NoGo-P3 showed that the power of δ and θ bands at the plateau area was significantly lower than the plain area and showed a significant step-by-step decrease; the α-band power increases significantly only in the area of 4,890 m. The effect of chronic hypoxia exposure at different altitudes of the plateau on the response inhibition of soldiers was manifested: 3,860 m was the altitude at which the brain response inhibition function decreased during the conflict monitoring stage, and 2,950 m was the altitude at which it dropped during the response inhibition stage. In addition, the soldier's brain's executive function was closely related to SpO2, and a reduction in SpO2 may lead to a decline in response inhibition.

Matched MeSH terms: Military Personnel
Fulltext The effect of 12 weeks basic Malaysian commando training on physical characteristics of successful commando candidates

Azlan Derwish, Nur Ikhwan Mohamad, Nor Fazila Abd Malek

Jurnal Sains Sukan & Pendidikan Jasmani, 2020;9(2):25-30.
MyJurnal

This research was undertaken to determine the physical characteristics among successful soldiers participating in the Basic Commando Course series 1/AK 2014 for 12 weeks, at Sungai Udang Camp, Malacca. A total of 37 male soldiers who had passed the commando practice test were selected to participate in this research, with special approval from the Malaysian Armed Forces Training Base. The anthropometric data of the body and fitness levels, were taken before, during and after the entire duration of the training. The successful commando candidates (commando trainees) aged 22.3±2.85 years, with a mean height of 1.71±0.03 m, mean weight of 60.76±5.18 kg, mean BMI of 22.02±1.38 kg/m2, and mean waist circumference of 68.92±2.48 cm. All physical fitness parameters showed a decrease in the level of physical fitness from the beginning to the end of the study period. In conclusion, the Malaysian commando selection training for twelve weeks produced a significant negative impact on the level of fitness of the military personnel involved. These study findings demonstrate the need for a specific recovery program after the commando’s training session, for the welfare of members and to ensure that the physical preparedness of the trainees has returned back to its pre-training maximum level.

Matched MeSH terms: Military Personnel
Fulltext An empirical study of the relationships between service quality and customer's perceived value in Malaysian Armed Forces contingent peacekeeping mission management

Ahmad Azan Ridzuan, Azman Ismail

CREAM : Current Research in Malaysia (Penyelidikan Terkini di Malaysia), 2013;2(1):163-179.
MyJurnal

This study was conducted to measure the relationship between service quality and customer's perceived value using a sample of 341 usable questionnaires gathered from the Malaysian Armed Forces Contingent who involved in peacekeeping mission at a Middle East country. The outcomes of SmartPLS path model showed five important findings: firstly, tangible significantly correlated with customer's perceived value. Second, responsiveness significantly correlated with customer's perceived value. Third, reliability significantly correlated with customer's perceived value. Fourth, assurance significantly correlated with customer's perceived value. Fifth, empathy significantly correlated with customer's perceived value. Statistically, this result confirms that the ability of service providers (MALBATT Headquaters) to properly implement tangible, responsiveness, reliability, assurance and empathy in delivering peacekeeping services have been important determinants of customer's perceived value in the organizational sample. In addition, discussions, implications and conclusion are elaborated.

Matched MeSH terms: Military Personnel
Fulltext Issues on trust management in wireless environment

Sirageldin, Abubakr, Baharum Baharudin, Low, Tang Jung

Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2013;21(1):183-192.
MyJurnal

Developing a trust management scheme in mobile computing environment is increasingly important,
and the effective trust management model is a challenging task. Business, education, military, and
entertainment have motivated the growth of ubiquitous and pervasive computing environments, which are always available due to the widespread of portable and embedded devices. Wireless and mobile computing are good example of ubiquitous and pervasive computing environments. Due to the uncertainty and mobility in such environments, the issue of trust has been regarded as an important security problem. Malicious nodes are a major threat to these networks; the trust system can monitor the behaviour of nodes and accordingly rewards well-behaved nodes and punishes misbehaving ones. At present, there are a lot of endeavours on the trust model of the pervasive computing environment. In this paper, a trust management framework for mobile computing is presented. The hybrid framework is based on a fusion of the support vector machine (SVM) and fuzzy logic system. From the results, it can be stated that the framework is effective, dynamic, lightweight, and applicable.

Matched MeSH terms: Military Personnel
Fulltext The removal of uranium from aqueous solution

Zulfadli Ahmad, Saifuddin Normanbhay

Journal of Nuclear and Related Technologies, 2012;2012(2):108-120.
MyJurnal

This paper reviews the literature on uranium contamination and the removal of uranium from wastewater stemming from mining activities and nuclear power generation. After reviewing the applications of uranium in power generation, military, industry and scientific, this review discusses uranium and rare earth elements in wastewaters and the toxicity of uranium on aquatic life and humans. Further, various methods of removal of heavy metal contaminants including uranium are reviewed with special focus on the adsorption process and carbon nanotubes as a superior adsorbent.

Matched MeSH terms: Military Personnel
Fulltext The Contribution of Forensic Odontology in the Highland Towers Condominium Disaster

Sharifah F. Alhabshi, Nambiar, Pharabhakaran

Ann Dent, 1995;2(1):-.
MyJurnal

An apartment complex collapsed in Malaysia killing 48 people trapped inside.The dental disaster victim identification team comprising of officers from the Kuala Lumpur General Hospital, Armed Forces and the Dental
Faculty, University of Malaya played a very active role in the identification process. Most of the bodies were badly decomposed and some grossly disfigured. Problems were encountered due to inadequate facilities and
equipments at the mortuary.Difficulties were also encountered during the procurement and deciphering of information from dental records. Suggestions have been made to improve facilities, expertise and also to create awareness amongst dentists to ensure proper recording of their patients' dental status.

Matched MeSH terms: Military Personnel
Fulltext Routing Protocols for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks: Taxonomy, Research Challenges, Routing Strategies and Future Directions

Khan A, Ali I, Ghani A, Khan N, Alsaqer M, Rahman AU, et al.

Sensors (Basel), 2018 May 18;18(5).
PMID: 29783686 DOI: 10.3390/s18051619

Recent research in underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) has gained the attention of researchers in academia and industry for a number of applications. They include disaster and earthquake prediction, water quality and environment monitoring, leakage and mine detection, military surveillance and underwater navigation. However, the aquatic medium is associated with a number of limitations and challenges: long multipath delay, high interference and noise, harsh environment, low bandwidth and limited battery life of the sensor nodes. These challenges demand research techniques and strategies to be overcome in an efficient and effective fashion. The design of routing protocols for UWSNs is one of the promising solutions to cope with these challenges. This paper presents a survey of the routing protocols for UWSNs. For the ease of description, the addressed routing protocols are classified into two groups: localization-based and localization-free protocols. These groups are further subdivided according to the problems they address or the major parameters they consider during routing. Unlike the existing surveys, this survey considers only the latest and state-of-the-art routing protocols. In addition, every protocol is described in terms of its routing strategy and the problem it addresses and solves. The merit(s) of each protocol is (are) highlighted along with the cost. A description of the protocols in this fashion has a number of advantages for researchers, as compared to the existing surveys. Firstly, the description of the routing strategy of each protocol makes its routing operation easily understandable. Secondly, the demerit(s) of a protocol provides (provide) insight into overcoming its flaw(s) in future investigation. This, in turn, leads to the foundation of new protocols that are more intelligent, robust and efficient with respect to the desired parameters. Thirdly, a protocol can be selected for the appropriate application based on its described merit(s). Finally, open challenges and research directions are presented for future investigation.

Matched MeSH terms: Military Personnel
Fulltext Problems in the Malaysian Armed Forces (ATM) and its effects on Malaysia's national defense policy

Mohamad Faisol Keling, Mohamad Hanapi Mohamad

Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2016;1(3):66-82.
MyJurnal

Logistics development of Malaysian Armed Forces (ATM) involving the Malaysian Army (TDM),
Royal Malaysian Navy (RMN) and Royal Malaysian Air Force (RMAF) have been developed since
1957. Since the 1990s, ATM has been through the process of modernization which is can seen through
the rapid and strong capabilities in logistics aspect. Defense policy development has involved the
development of the logistical aspects of ATM. Purchasing of defense equipments such as the most
modern warship in Armed Force in 1990, Scorpene submarines, fighter aircraft which is used by the
developed countries such as the MiG-29, FA/18 Hornet and Sukhoi 30MKM, battle tanks from Poland
and so on with the transfer package technology is essential to ensure that the principle of self-reliance
defense ATM can be achieved. This process has force the government to allocate a large amount of
money in providing modern logistics equipments so it can be used to the maximum by the defense forces. In fact, the development of the defense and Malaysian Armed Forces (ATM) also growing
along with the development of technology, defense policy, doctrine of current world logistics. However
the logistics development has raised questions because of the capabilty of logistic and Malaysian
Armed Forces (ATM) itself which are caused various accidents and issues affecting ATM.

Matched MeSH terms: Military Personnel
Uranium concentration in blood samples of Southern Iraqi leukemia patients using CR-39 track detector

Al-Hamzawi AA, Jaafar MS, Tawfiq NF

J Radioanal Nucl Chem, 2013 11 05;299(3):1267-1272.
PMID: 26224958

The simple and effective technique of fission track etch has been applied to determine trace concentration of uranium in human blood samples taken from two groups of male and female participants: leukemia patients and healthy subjects group. The blood samples of leukemia patients and healthy subjects were collected from three key southern governorates namely, Basrah, Muthanna and Dhi-Qar. These governorates were the centers of intensive military activities during the 1991 and 2003 Gulf wars, and the discarded weapons are still lying around in these regions. CR-39 track detector was used for registration of induced fission tracks. The results show that the highest recorded uranium concentration in the blood samples of leukemia patients was 4.71 ppb (female, 45 years old, from Basrah) and the minimum concentration was 1.91 ppb (male, 3 years old, from Muthanna). For healthy group, the maximum uranium concentration was 2.15 ppb (female, 55 years old, from Basrah) and the minimum concentration was 0.86 ppb (male, 5 years old, from Dhi-Qar). It has been found that the uranium concentrations in human blood samples of leukemia patients are higher than those of the healthy group. These uranium concentrations in the leukemia patients group were significantly different (P

Matched MeSH terms: Military Personnel
Reconstruction for chronic grade-II posterior cruciate ligament deficiency in Malaysian military personnel

Ahmad S, Mahidon R, Shukur MH, Hamdan A, Kasmin M

J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong), 2014 Dec;22(3):325-8.
PMID: 25550011

To evaluate the outcome of reconstruction for chronic grade-II posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) deficiency in Malaysian military personnel.

Matched MeSH terms: Military Personnel*
Caries increment among army personnel: a 5-year longitudinal study

Wahid AA, Yusof ZY, Jaafar N

Asia Pac J Public Health, 2014 May;26(3):268-74.
PMID: 22186401 DOI: 10.1177/1010539511431602

To assess the progression of dental caries among Malaysian infantry soldiers after 5 years in military service. A retrospective cohort study with a self-administered questionnaire and a clinical oral examination. Data were available for 173 (67.3%) soldiers. Mean decayed, missing, or filled teeth had increased significantly by 20.6% (P = .001) over 5 years. The highest increase was in the missing teeth component (+120%), followed by filled teeth (+23%). This was accompanied by a decrease in decayed teeth (-23.5%; P < .05). In terms of surfaces, mean decayed, missing, or filled surfaces, missing surfaces, and filled surfaces had increased significantly (P < .05). Caries experience was significantly associated with smoking status and rank (P < .05). Dental caries experience was worse after 5 years in military service compared with during recruitment, and there were more tooth extractions than restorations. Health promotion interventions are needed to prevent further tooth loss among soldiers.

Matched MeSH terms: Military Personnel/statistics & numerical data*
The Heath government and British defence policy in Southeast Asia at the end of empire (1970-71)

Andrea B

20 Century Br Hist, 2009;20(1):53-73.
PMID: 19569309

This article examines the rationale behind the Heath government's 1970 decision to negotiate a Five Power Defence agreement with Australia, New Zealand, Singapore and Malaysia and to maintain a small British military contingent in Southeast Asia as a part of this new politico-military framework. It argues that while its overriding foreign policy concern was to end Britain's problematic relationship with the European Economic Community and to make membership of this grouping the cornerstone of its foreign policy, the Heath government was careful not to cast Britain's post-imperial future in purely European terms. The successful negotiation of the Five Power Defence Arrangements in 1970-71 was instrumental in achieving this by ensuring that London would maintain close links with key Commonwealth partners in the Asian region. In what was not only an attempt to neutralize potential domestic opposition to Britain's entry into the EEC, but also a lingering reluctance to do away with the rhetoric of Britain as a leading power with extra-European interests, Heath was eager to show that by making a contribution to the stability of Southeast Asia, Britain still had a role to play outside Europe.

Matched MeSH terms: Military Personnel/history*
Fulltext Comparison of safety and immunogenicity of a Vi polysaccharide typhoid vaccine with a whole-cell killed vaccine in Malaysian Air Force recruits

Panchanathan V, Kumar S, Yeap W, Devi S, Ismail R, Sarijan S, et al.

Bull World Health Organ, 2001;79(9):811-7.
PMID: 11584728

To carry out a comparative study of the safety and immunogenicity of Vi polysaccharide vaccine against whole-cell killed (WCK) typhoid vaccine.

Matched MeSH terms: Military Personnel*
Fulltext Hearing loss in diving--a study amongst Navy divers

Zulkaflay AR, Saim L, Said H, Mukari SZ, Esa R

Med J Malaysia, 1996 Mar;51(1):103-8.
PMID: 10967988

Despite the commonly observed condition of middle and inner ear barotrauma among divers, there is little evidence of insidious and permanent development of sensorineural hearing loss associated with diving. An audiometric survey was performed on a group of 120 divers and 166 non divers from the Royal Malaysian Naval Base in Lumut, West Malaysia between July to December 1991. The results of this survey revealed that insidious development of high frequency sensorineural hearing loss may be associated with diving. At frequencies 4000, 6000 and 8000 Hz the divers had higher mean hearing levels than non divers and their hearing at those frequencies seemed to deteriorate faster. The etiology of this insidious hearing loss is multifactorial and may be related to inner ear barotrauma, decompression sickness or noise-induced deafness.

Matched MeSH terms: Military Personnel*
Association between cigarette smoking and prevalence of oral mucosal lesions among Malaysian army personnel

Zain RB, Razak IA

Community Dent Oral Epidemiol, 1989 Jun;17(3):148-9.
PMID: 2786793

The association between cigarette smoking and the prevalence of oral mucosal lesions was examined in 495 Malaysian army personnel. No associations between cigarette smoking and recurrent aphthous ulcerations, pre-leukoplakia and frictional keratosis could be obtained in this study. Positive associations were found between cigarette smoking and leukoedema as well as denture stomatitis. There was a negative association between cigarette smoking and the presence of coated tongue.

Matched MeSH terms: Military Personnel*
Fulltext Malaria in the Malaysian Army with particular reference to chemosuppressive use

Supramaniam V, Datta GC, Singam V, Singh J

Med J Malaysia, 1987 Mar;42(1):44-9.
PMID: 3323860

Malaria is the most important communicable disease in the field for the Malaysian soldier. His chief weapon is chemoprophylaxis. This was proguanil hydrochloride in the '50s, changed to Daraclor in 1962; since late 1985, Fansidar only is used. The incidence of malaria over the years has fluctuated widely and had its peak in 1977 at 29.7/1,000 soldiers and since then has shown a downward trend. Studies carried out to study the problem are noted briefly. Antimalarial discipline in the field, continued surveillance and integrated control measures in the base are emphasised in the fight against malaria.

Matched MeSH terms: Military Personnel*
A cross-cultural study of the possession-trance in Singapore

Kua EH, Sim LP, Chee KT

Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 1986 Sep;20(3):361-4.
PMID: 3467715

Possession-trance is a common culture-bound syndrome in Singapore. The characteristic features as seen in 36 young men of the three different ethnic communities are described. At follow-up four to five years later, none of the 26 who could be contacted showed any evidence of mental illness. The psychopathology of the possession-trance is discussed.

Matched MeSH terms: Military Personnel/psychology
The objective assessment of the effects on cognition functioning among military personnel exposed to hypobaric-hypoxia: A pilot fMRI study

Nisha SN, Fathinul Fikri AS, Aida AR, Salasiah M, Hamed S, Rohit T, et al.

Med J Malaysia, 2020 01;75(1):62-67.
PMID: 32008023

OBJECTIVE: To identify regions of the brain affected during cognitive working memory during tasks to assess attention, planning and decision making among military aviation personnel who have chronic intermittent exposure to high altitude environment.
METHOD: A case-control study was conducted in the Universiti Putra Malaysia among eight military personnel, four of whom had chronic intermittent exposure to high altitude training. They were divided into two groups, chronic intermittent exposure group (CE) (n=4) and a control group (n=4). They underwent a task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) that utilised spatial working memory task to objectively evaluate the neural activation in response to the Tower of London paradigm. Each correct answer was given a score of one and the maximum achievable score was 100%.
RESULTS: A consecutive dichotomised group of CE (4/8) and control (4/8) of age-matched military aviation personnel with a mean age of 37.23±5.52 years; showed significant activation in the right middle frontal gyrus (MFG). This in turn was positively correlated with response accuracy. A significant difference in the response accuracy was noted among both the groups at p<0.05.
CONCLUSION: At the minimum results of power analysis of this preliminary fMRI study, our group of aviation personnel who had chronic intermittent exposure to hypobaric hypoxic environment, did not have any significant decrease in cognitive function namely attention, decision-making and problem solving compared to controls during a working memory task.

Matched MeSH terms: Military Personnel/psychology*

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