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Evaluation of copper-7 intrauterine device in Malaysian women

Sivanesaratnam V, Puvan IS, Sinnathuray TA

Med J Aust, 1975 Aug 23;2(8):298-301.
PMID: 1165736

A study of 300 Malaysian women who were fitted with the Copper-7 intrauterine device is presented. Two per cent of the acceptors were nulliparous. Insertion was easy in 97-7% of the cases and the side effects were minimal. In a study of over 4,634 women-months a low cumulative expulsion rate, at 12 and 24 months of use, of 3-1 and 3-6 respectively, was observed. However, relatively high cumulative rates of pregnancy of 4-3 and 9-2 occurred at 12 and 24 months of use respectively. Out of a total of 19 pregnancies, in 12 cases the device was found to have descended, a finding not commonly reported. One woman experienced translocation of the device five months after insertion, and in this instance, the device was removed by laparotomy. The findings in this study and their implications are discussed.

Matched MeSH terms: Uterus/anatomy & histology
Expression of proteins related to thyroid hormone function in the uterus is down-regulated at the day of implantation in hypothyroid pregnant rats

Salleh N, Sayem ASM, Giribabu N, Khaing SL

Cell Biol Int, 2019 May;43(5):486-494.
PMID: 30761678 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11114

Hypothyroidism has been linked to infertility, but the mechanisms underlying infertility-related hypothyroidism have yet to be fully elucidated. Therefore, in this study, effects of hypothyroidism on expression of the proteins related to thyroid hormone function in the uterus, which were thought to play a role implantation, including thyroid hormone receptor (TR), thyroid stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR), retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and extracellular kinase (ERK) were identified. Pregnant female rats were rendered hypothyroid by giving methimazole (MMI), orally. Following hypothyroid induction, rats were grouped into control (non-treated) and received subcutaneous thyroxine at 20, 40, and 80 μg/kg/day for five consecutive days. At Day 6, which is the day of implantation (GD 6), rats were sacrificed and the number of embryo implantation site in the uterus was calculated. Then, uterine horns were harvested and expression of the above proteins and their mRNAs were identified by Western blotting and real-time PCR, respectively. In non-treated hypothyroid pregnant rats, the number of embryo implantation sites decreased as compared to euthyroid and hypothyroid rats receiving thyroxine treatment. Similarly, expression of TRα-1, TRβ-1, TSHR, ERK1/2 and RAR proteins and mRNA in the uterus of non-treated hypothyroid rats also decreased (P

Matched MeSH terms: Uterus/metabolism; Uterus/physiology
Gene expression profiling of p53(+/-) knockout and wild-type mice following diethylstilbestrol administration

Salleh MN, Ismail P, Abdullah AS, Taufiq-Yap YH, Carmichael P

IUBMB Life, 2004 Jul;56(7):409-16.
PMID: 15545218

Studies with clastogenic carcinogen diethylstilbestrol (DES) resulted in a broad of spectrum of toxic and carcinogenic effects in humans and rodents, but the cellular and molecular mechanism(s) by which it induces cancer is not clear. To identify putative genetic targets for p53 in vivo, we applied the cDNA macroarray gene expression profiles associated with apoptosis by comparing p53+/- knockout mice and wild-type mice on the kidney and uterus of female mice. p53+/- knockout mice and wild-type mice were treated with DES (500 micromole kg(-1)) or vehicle i.p once daily for 4 days. Total RNAs were obtained from kidney and uterus of both control and DES-treated. The signal intensities of individual gene spots on the membrane were quantified and normalized to the expression level of the GAPDH gene as an internal control. Our results demonstrated that 16 genes; bad, bax, bcl-2, bcl-w, bcl-x, caspase-3, caspase-7, caspase-8, c-myc, E124, GADD45, mdm2, NKkappab1, p53, p21, Rb and trail were up-regulated and six genes; caspase-1, caspase-2, DR5, E2F1, FasL and iNOS did not changed in response to DES treatment in wild-type mice compared to p53+/- knockout mice. Most genes are involved in cell cycle regulation, signal transduction, apoptosis, or transcription. The greatest changes were seen in bad, bcl-x, mdm2, p53 and p21 gene expression in wild-type mice compared to p53+/- knockout mice. In comparing p53 and p21 gene expression in wild-type mice and p53+/- knockout mice, there was an 4.4-fold vs. 1.8-fold; 8-fold vs. 5.2-fold for kidney and 16-fold vs. 5.5-fold; 2.1-fold vs. 8.3-fold for uterus samples increase in induction (respectively). RT-PCR and densitometric analysis was used to confirm the biggest changes of p21, p53 and bax genes. Using this approach, we have identified apoptosis associated genes regulated in response to DES and have revealed putative differences between the isogenic parent strain and p53+/- knockout mice, which will contribute to a better understanding of toxicity/carcinogenicity mechanisms in this model.

Matched MeSH terms: Uterus/metabolism
Fulltext Genistein induces increase in fluid pH, Na+ and HCO3(-) concentration, SLC26A6 and SLC4A4 (NBCe1)-B expression in the uteri of ovariectomized rats

Chinigarzadeh A, Kasim NF, Muniandy S, Kassim NM, Salleh N

Int J Mol Sci, 2014;15(1):958-76.
PMID: 24434640 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15010958

Genistein has been reported to stimulate luminal HCO3(-) secretion. We hypothesized that genistein mediates this effect via SLC26A6 and SLC4A4 (NBCe1) transporters. Our study aimed to: investigate changes in uterine fluid pH, Na+ and HCO3(-) concentration and expression of uterine SLC26A6 and NBCe1 under genistein effect. Ovariectomized adult female rats received 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg/day genistein for a week with and without ICI 182780. A day after the last injection, in vivo uterine perfusion was performed to collect uterine fluid for Na+, HCO3(-) and pH determination. The animals were then sacrificed and uteri were removed for mRNA and protein expression analyses. SLC26A6 and NBCe1-A and NBCe1-B distribution were visualized by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Genistein at 50 and 100 mg/kg/day stimulates uterine fluid pH, Na+ and HCO3(-) concentration increase. Genistein at 100 mg/kg/day up-regulates the expression of SLC26A6 and SLC4A4 mRNA, which were reduced following concomitant ICI 182780 administration. In parallel, SLC26A6 and NBCe1-B protein expression were also increased following high dose genistein treatment and were localized mainly at the apical membrane of the luminal epithelia. SLC26A6 and NBCe1-B up-regulation by genistein could be responsible for the observed increase in the uterine fluid pH, Na+ and HCO3(-) concentration under this condition.

Matched MeSH terms: Uterus/metabolism*
Fulltext Genistein-induced fluid accumulation in ovariectomised rats' uteri is associated with increased cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator expression

Chinigarzadeh A, Kassim NM, Muniandy S, Salleh N

Clinics (Sao Paulo), 2014 Feb;69(2):111-9.
PMID: 24519202 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2014(02)07

High genistein doses have been reported to induce fluid accumulation in the uteri of ovariectomised rats, although the mechanism underlying this effect remains unknown. Because genistein binds to the oestrogen receptor and the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator mediates uterine fluid secretion, we hypothesised that this genistein effect involves both the oestrogen receptor and cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator.

Matched MeSH terms: Uterus/drug effects*; Uterus/secretion
Fulltext Histological changes of female reproductive organs subjected to different jumping exercise intensities and honey supplementation in rats

Mosavat M, Mohamed M, Ooi FK, Mirsanjari M, Mat Zin AA, Che Romli A

PeerJ, 2019;7:e7646.
PMID: 31565571 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7646

Background: We assessed histopathological changes of ovaries and uterus in female rats subjected to different jumping exercise intensities combined with honey supplementation at one g/kg body weight/day.
Methods: A total of 72 rats were divided into six groups, 12 rats in each: control (C), 20 and 80 jumps (20E, 80E), honey (H), and 20 and 80 jump with honey (20EH, 80EH).
Results: The endometrium was significantly thicker in the rats in H, 20EH and 80EH groups compared to C, 20E, and 80E. The myometrium thickness was significantly lower in 80E and significantly higher in 80EH compared to C, respectively. There was significantly higher myometrium thickness in 20EH and 80EH compared to 20E and 80E and H. The number of glands of the uterus in 20E and 80E was significantly lower than C. However, there was a significantly higher number of glands in H, 20EH, and 80EH compared to 20E and 80E. The numbers of uterus vessels were significantly lower in 80E compared to 20E. However, the numbers of vessels were significantly higher in H, 20EH, and 80EH compared to 80E. The number of ovarian haemorregia was significantly lower in 20E, 80E, H, 20EH, and 80EH compared to C. The number of corpora lutea was significantly lower in 80EH, H, 80E, and 20E compared to C. However, the number of corpora lutea was significantly higher in 20EH compared to J20 and H.
Conclusion: This study suggested that jumping exercises in particularly high-intensity exercise may induce histopathological changes in uterus and ovary in rats, and honey supplementation may ameliorate these effects.

Matched MeSH terms: Uterus
Histopathological changes of reproductive organs of goats immunized with Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis killed vaccine

Umer M, Jesse FFA, Mohammed Saleh WM, Chung ELT, Haron AW, Saharee AA, et al.

Microb Pathog, 2020 Dec;149:104539.
PMID: 33007431 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104539

Caseous lymphadenitis (CLA) caused by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis is characterized by the development of abscesses, mainly in superficial and internal lymph nodes, visceral and reproductive organs in small ruminants. This study aims to examine the histopathological changes in reproductive organs of goats immunized with killed vaccine of C. pseudotuberculosis. In this study, twenty four (24) clinically healthy bucks and does were divided into four groups A, B, C and D. Animals in groups A and B were immunized with 0.5 and 1% formalin killed vaccine, respectively; followed by a booster dose. After the booster dose of immunization, groups A, B and C were challenged with C. pseudotuberculosis at 106 cfu/ml. Goats in group D were immunize and unchallenged and left as control group. All C. pseudotuberculosis infected animals were euthanized humanely 12 weeks post-challenged. Tissue samples such as testes, epididymis, spermatic cord, penis, pituitary gland, mammary gland, vulva, vagina, cervix, uterus, fallopian tube and ovaries were collected for histopathology study. Microscopic examination of all tissues (testes, seminiferous tubules, spermatic cord, penile tissues and the pituitary gland) in the male reproductive organs of the bucks that were inoculated with 2 ml of 0.5% and 1.0% of C. pseudotuberculosis killed vaccine showed normal (animals inoculated with 1.0%) to mild (animals inoculated with 0.5%) histopathological changes when compared with those from group C which showed varying degrees of histopathological changes (p

Matched MeSH terms: Uterus
Fulltext How B-Lynch suture and bilateral internal iliac artery ligation saved the uterus of a young patient with severe postpartum haemorrhage

Win SS, Lasimbang HB, Lynn AUng SN, Yeap TB

BMJ Case Rep, 2021 Aug 12;14(8).
PMID: 34385222 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2021-244226

Obstetric haemorrhage is the leading cause of maternal death worldwide (27.1%) and more than 66% of its deaths were classified as postpartum haemorrhage (PPH). The most common cause of PPH is uterine atony. Obstetrician should be skillful in managing obstetric emergencies; especially pertaining to PPH. Application of the B-Lynch suture on an atonic uterus is one of the surgical options in PPH patients who wish to conserve the uterus and it has a very high success rate.We present a primigravida patient who developed massive primary PPH followed by disseminated intravascular coagulation, which was successfully managed with B-Lynch suture and bilateral internal iliac artery ligation. We described in detail regarding the management of massive PPH and application of these surgical procedures on the atonic uterus with an attempt to preserve the uterus and future fertility in this young patient.

Matched MeSH terms: Uterus/surgery
Hysterosalpingography -- a Malaysian experience

Arumugam K, Ng KB

Malays J Reprod Health, 1987 Dec;5(2):85-8.
PMID: 12315186
Matched MeSH terms: Uterus*
Immunolocalization of insulin-like growth factors and their receptors in the diabetic mouse oviduct and uterine tissues during the preimplantation period

Zakaria R, Rajikin MH, Yaacob NS, Nor NM

Acta Histochem, 2009;111(1):52-60.
PMID: 18676006 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2008.04.002

The aim of the present study was to analyze the immunolocalization of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 and IGF-2 and their receptors in the oviduct and uterus of control and diabetic mice. Sexually mature female ICR mice aged 6-8 weeks were rendered diabetic by streptozotocin (200 mg/kg, administered intraperitoneally). Oviductal and uterine tissues were obtained from the superovulated control and diabetic mice at 48, 72 and 96 h post-human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) treatment. Localization of IGF-1, IGF-2, IGF-1R and IGF-2R was determined by immunohistochemistry and a semi-quantitative scoring of immunolabelling was performed using a standardized 5-point system. The immunohistochemical scorings for both IGF-1 and IGF-1R were significantly decreased in the oviducts of diabetic mice at 96 h post-hCG treatment. The scores for IGF-2 were significantly increased in the oviducts of diabetic mice at 48 and 72 h post-hCG treatment, and for IGF-2R at 72 h post-hCG treatment. However, there was no significant difference in the scores of IGFs and their receptors in the uterus of control and diabetic mice. In conclusion, the oviductal immunolabelling for IGFs and their receptors was significantly altered by maternal diabetes, which may be of importance in the pathogenesis of preimplantation diabetic embryopathy.

Matched MeSH terms: Uterus/metabolism*; Uterus/pathology
Fulltext In-vivo functional study on the involvement of CFTR, SLC26A6, NHE-1 and CA isoenzymes II and XII in uterine fluid pH, volume and electrolyte regulation in rats under different sex-steroid influence

Gholami K, Muniandy S, Salleh N

Int J Med Sci, 2013;10(9):1121-34.
PMID: 23869188 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.5918

Precise control of uterine fluid pH, volume and electrolytes is important for the reproductive processes. In this study, we examined the functional involvement of multiple proteins including Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Regulator (CFTR), Cl(-)/HCO3 (-) exchanger (SLC26A6), sodium-hydrogen exchanger-1 (NHE-1) and carbonic anhydrase (CA) in the regulation of these uterine fluid parameters.

Matched MeSH terms: Uterus/drug effects; Uterus/metabolism*
Inner myometrial laceration: Case report and literature review

Zakaria ZA, Mohammad Razin NS, Abas S

J Obstet Gynaecol Res, 2020 Nov;46(11):2442-2445.
PMID: 32808401 DOI: 10.1111/jog.14435

Inner myometrial laceration is a rarely encountered intrapartum uterine trauma, which usually present as post-partum hemorrhage (PPH). The diagnosis can only be confirmed by direct examination of the uterine cavity but it should be suspected in PPH with good uterine contraction. Discussed here are the characteristics and management of the reported cases including two women managed at our center.

Matched MeSH terms: Uterus
Interaction between oxytocin and 'sidaverin' on the gravid and non-gravid rat uterus

Lutterodt GD

Pharmacol Res, 1995 Jul-Aug;32(1-2):89-94.
PMID: 8668653 DOI: 10.1016/S1043-6618(95)80014-X

Sidaverin, a crystalline compound extracted from a polar fraction of Sida veronicaefolia (Lam), elicited oxytocin-like contractions in the non-gravid rat isolated uterus preparation with a concentration-response relationship. Equipotent concentrations of oxytocin and sidaverin, using matched responses, were approximately 0.16 U and 0.4 micrograms ml-1, respectively. Sidaverin-induced contractile response was atropine reversible. The concentration-response curves for sidaverin and oxytocin were parallel, and both responses were inhibited by the specific oxytocin antagonist, Atosiban, indicating possible involvement of oxytocin receptors in the action of sidaverin. There were potentiation of action of one drug to that of the other, irrespective of the order of administration and even after washing off the first before introducing the second drug. In the gravid uterus, sidaverin produced contractions in preparations from day 1 to day 6 or 7, caused relaxation in days 7-11, and elicited contractions in day 11 through term, the sensitivity of the preparations increasing exponentially toward term with strong sustained contractions. With the exception of days 7-11, when sidaverin antagonized oxytocin action, it potentiated action of oxytocin on the gravid uterus.

Matched MeSH terms: Uterus/drug effects*
Intestinal obstruction following hysterectomy for ruptured interstitial pregnancy

RODDIE TW

Med J Malaya, 1957 Dec;12(2):423-5.
PMID: 13515873
Matched MeSH terms: Uterus*
Is a "dragging sensation" a symptom of female pelvic organ prolapse?

Dietz HP, Chatel C, Atan IK

Int Urogynecol J, 2018 May;29(5):703-707.
PMID: 28733790 DOI: 10.1007/s00192-017-3410-8

INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) commonly presents with a "vaginal lump or bulge" and/or a "dragging sensation." The first symptom correlates strongly with clinical and imaging data. However, a "dragging sensation" may be less specific. Hence, we investigated the predictive value of both symptoms for POP.
METHODS: This was a retrospective study involving archived data sets of women seen between November 2013 and May 2014. All underwent a clinical interview, POPQ examination, and 4D translabial ultrasound (TLUS). The main outcome measure was organ descent on clinical examination and TLUS. Offline analysis for organ descent was undertaken blinded against all other data.
RESULTS: A total of 224 women were assessed. Mean age was 57 (23-84) years. Median parity was 3 (0-7). Ninety-three percent (n=208) were vaginally parous. Fifty-eight percent (n=129) complained of symptoms of prolapse: 49% (n=110) of a vaginal lump, 27% (n=61) of a dragging sensation. Clinically, mean point B anterior (Ba) was -0.86 (-3 to +7.5) cm, mean cervical station (C) was -4.1 (-9 to +8) cm, mean point B posterior (Bp) was -1.1 (-3 to +5) cm. On imaging, mean bladder, uterine, and rectal descent were -8.3 (-68.0 to 34) mm, +18.6 (-56.4 to 46.3) mm, and -5.3 (-39.8 to 36) mm respectively. On univariate analysis, both symptoms were strongly associated with objective prolapse clinically and on TLUS, with "vaginal lump" consistently the stronger predictor.
CONCLUSIONS: The symptom of a "vaginal lump or bulge" was consistently a stronger predictor of objective POP than "dragging sensation." This finding was insensitive to adjustments for potential confounders. However, a "dragging sensation" is clearly a symptom of prolapse.

Matched MeSH terms: Uterus
Fulltext Isoflavone genistein induces fluid secretion and morphological changes in the uteri of post-pubertal rats

Salleh N, Helmy MM, Fadila KN, Yeong SO

Int J Med Sci, 2013;10(6):665-75.
PMID: 23569430 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.5207

A reported increase in the incidence of infertility following high genistein intake could be related to alteration in the normal fluid volume and morphology of the uterus in adult female. In view of this, we investigated the effect of this compound on fluid secretion, fluid volume and morphology of the uterus in post-pubertal rats.

Matched MeSH terms: Uterus/drug effects; Uterus/pathology*
Isoflavone genistein inhibits estrogen-induced chloride and bicarbonate secretory mechanisms in the uterus in rats

Chinigarzadeh A, Karim K, Muniandy S, Salleh N

J Biochem Mol Toxicol, 2017 Apr;31(4).
PMID: 27891704 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21878

We hypothesized that genistein could affect the chloride (Cl(-) ) and bicarbonate (HCO3(-) ) secretory mechanisms in uterus. Ovariectomized female rats were given estradiol or estradiol plus progesterone with 25, 50, or 100 mg/kg/day genistein. Following completion of the treatment, uterine fluid Cl(-) and HCO3(-) concentrations were determined by in vivo uterine perfusion. Uteri were subjected for molecular biological analysis (Western blot, qPCR, and immunohistochemistry) to detect levels of expression of Cystic Fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR), Cl(-) /HCO3(-) exchanger (SLC26a6), Na(+) /HCO3(-) cotransporter (SLC4a4), and estrogen receptor (ER)-α and β. Coadministration of genistein resulted in decrease in Cl(-) and HCO3(-) concentrations and expression of CFTR, SLC26a6, SLC4a4, and ER-α and ER-β in the uteri of estradiol-treated rats. In estradiol plus progesterone-treated rats, a significant increase in the above parameters were observed following high-dose genistein treatment except for the SLC24a4 level. In conclusion, genistein-induced changes in the uterus could affect the reproductive processes that might result in infertility.

Matched MeSH terms: Uterus/drug effects*; Uterus/metabolism; Uterus/secretion
Fulltext Isolation and molecular characterization of Brucella melitensis from seropositive goats in Peninsula Malaysia

Bamaiyi PH, Hassan L, Khairani-Bejo S, Zainal Abidin M, Ramlan M, Krishnan N, et al.

Trop Biomed, 2012 Dec;29(4):513-8.
PMID: 23202595

A study was carried out to isolate Brucella melitensis using established bacteriological and PCR techniques in Brucella seropositive goats in farms in Selangor, Negeri Sembilan, Melaka and Pulau Pinang. Brucella melitensis was isolated from 7 of 134 reactors with the highest isolation from the vaginal swabs (57.14%) followed by the spleen (28.57%), uterine fluid (14.29%). No Brucella was isolated from the lymph nodes. PCR confirmed all the seven isolates as B. melitensis and isolates were phylogenetically related to other isolates from India, Iran, and Israel but most closely related to isolates from Singapore.

Matched MeSH terms: Uterus/microbiology
Labisia pumila protects the bone of estrogen-deficient rat model: a histomorphometric study

Fathilah SN, Nazrun Shuid A, Mohamed N, Muhammad N, Nirwana Soelaiman I

J Ethnopharmacol, 2012 Jun 26;142(1):294-9.
PMID: 22542643 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.04.029

Labisia pumila var. alata (LP) is a phytoestrogenic herb with potential as an alternative to Estrogen Replacement Therapy (ERT) in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. LP has been reported to produce similar effects to ERT on the bone markers, but could not match ERT in terms of maintaining the bone calcium in postmenopausal osteoporosis rat model. This study aimed to examine in detail the effects of LP on the bone of postmenopausal osteoporosis rat model using bone histomorphometry.

Matched MeSH terms: Uterus/drug effects; Uterus/pathology
Fulltext Laparoscopic Wedge Resection in a Late Second Trimester Cornual Pregnancy

Safiee AI, Ghazali WAHW

Gynecol Minim Invasive Ther, 2021 01 30;10(1):47-49.
PMID: 33747774 DOI: 10.4103/GMIT.GMIT_22_19

Cornual pregnancy happens when implantation occurs in the cavity of a rudimentary horn of the uterus, which may or may not be communicating with the uterine cavity. The diagnosis of cornual pregnancy remains challenging, and rupture of a cornual pregnancy usually causes massive bleeding. Early diagnosis and treatment, therefore, are very crucial and key to prevent mortality. Historically, the management of cornual pregnancies included wedge resection through open surgery or even hysterectomy. In this case report, we would like to highlight a case of late second trimester cornual pregnancy, at 19-week and 3-day gestation, which was managed laparoscopically.

Matched MeSH terms: Uterus

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