Displaying publications 41 - 60 of 129 in total

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  1. Fulltext Risk factors associated with severe viral croup in hospitalised Malaysian children
    Chan PW
    Singapore Med J, 2002 Mar;43(3):124-7.
    PMID: 12005337
    To determine the risk factors associated with severe viral croup in hospitalised Malaysian children.
    Matched MeSH terms: Virus Diseases/etiology*; Virus Diseases/epidemiology
  2. Aptamers isolated against mosquito-borne pathogens
    Navien TN, Yeoh TS, Anna A, Tang TH, Citartan M
    World J Microbiol Biotechnol, 2021 Jul 09;37(8):131.
    PMID: 34240263 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-021-03097-0
    Mosquito-borne diseases are a major threat to public health. The shortcomings of diagnostic tools, especially those that are antibody-based, have been blamed in part for the rising annual morbidity and mortality caused by these diseases. Antibodies harbor a number of disadvantages that can be clearly addressed by aptamers as the more promising molecular recognition elements. Aptamers are defined as single-stranded DNA or RNA oligonucleotides generated by SELEX that exhibit high binding affinity and specificity against a wide variety of target molecules based on their unique structural conformations. A number of aptamers were developed against mosquito-borne pathogens such as Dengue virus, Zika virus, Chikungunya virus, Plasmodium parasite, Francisella tularensis, Japanese encephalitis virus, Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus, Rift Valley fever virus and Yellow fever virus. Intrigued by these achievements, we carry out a comprehensive overview of the aptamers developed against these mosquito-borne infectious agents. Characteristics of the aptamers and their roles in diagnostic, therapeutic as well as other applications are emphasized.
    Matched MeSH terms: Virus Diseases/transmission; Virus Diseases/virology
  3. Fulltext Dengue and other common causes of acute febrile illness in Asia: an active surveillance study in children
    Capeding MR, Chua MN, Hadinegoro SR, Hussain II, Nallusamy R, Pitisuttithum P, et al.
    PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 2013;7(7):e2331.
    PMID: 23936565 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002331
    Common causes of acute febrile illness in tropical countries have similar symptoms, which often mimic those of dengue. Accurate clinical diagnosis can be difficult without laboratory confirmation and disease burden is generally under-reported. Accurate, population-based, laboratory-confirmed incidence data on dengue and other causes of acute fever in dengue-endemic Asian countries are needed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Virus Diseases/epidemiology*; Virus Diseases/virology
  4. [Imported viral infections in international travel; from the virtual to real epidemiology of pandemics]
    Jänisch T, Junghanss T
    Med. Klin. (Munich), 2000 Jul 15;95(7):392-9.
    PMID: 10943100
    Viruses have become more mobile alongside with increasing human mobility and speed of travel. At the same time we get access to information on viral outbreaks and epidemics from large parts of the world faster than ever before. Two recent epidemics will be presented to explore the value and the consequences of communicating epidemiological information through the Internet. The epidemiology, clinical features, diagnostic procedures and prophylaxis of imported viral infections are presented. Risk factors for the emergence and resurgence of viral diseases are being discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Virus Diseases/diagnosis; Virus Diseases/epidemiology*; Virus Diseases/transmission; Virus Diseases/virology*
  5. Current knowledge of metabolomic approach in infectious fish disease studies
    Low CF, Rozaini MZH, Musa N, Syarul Nataqain B
    J Fish Dis, 2017 Oct;40(10):1267-1277.
    PMID: 28252175 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12610
    The approaches of transcriptomic and proteomic have been widely used to study host-pathogen interactions in fish diseases, and this is comparable to the recently emerging application of metabolomic in elucidating disease-resistant mechanisms in fish that gives new insight into potential therapeutic strategies to improve fish health. Metabolomic is defined as the large-scale study of all metabolites within an organism and represents the frontline in the 'omics' approaches, providing direct information on the metabolic responses and perturbations in metabolic pathways. In this review, the current research in infectious fish diseases using metabolomic approach will be summarized. The metabolomic approach in economically important fish infected with viruses, bacteria and nematodes will also be discussed. The potential of the metabolomic approach for management of these infectious diseases as well as the challenges and the limitations of metabolomic in fish disease studies will be explored. Current review highlights the impacts of metabolomic studies in infectious fish diseases, which proposed the potential of new therapeutic strategies to enhance disease resistance in fish.
    Matched MeSH terms: Virus Diseases/metabolism; Virus Diseases/prevention & control; Virus Diseases/veterinary*; Virus Diseases/virology
  6. Fulltext Spectrum of Viral Infections Among Primary Immunodeficient Children: Report From a National Registry
    Al-Herz W, Essa S
    Front Immunol, 2019;10:1231.
    PMID: 31191561 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01231
    Objective: To present the frequency and spectrum of viral infections in primary immunodeficient children. Methods: The data was obtained from the Kuwait National Primary Immunodeficiency Disorders (PIDs) Registry during the period of 2004-2018. Results: A total of 274 PID children were registered in KNPIDR during the study period with predominance of immunodeficiencies affecting cellular and humoral immunity, followed by combined immunodeficiencies with associated syndromic features and diseases of immune dysregulation. Overall infectious complications affected 82.4% of the patients, and viral infections affected 31.7% of the registered patients. Forty-five patients (16.4%) developed viral infections caused by at least 2 organisms, among those 20 patients were affected by three or more viral infections. There was a statistically significant association between viral infections and PID category. However, there was no statistically significant association between viral infections and gender or the patients' onset age. There was a total of 170 viral infections during the study period and the causes of these infections were predominated by CMV (22.2%), adenovirus (11.7%), EBV (11.1%), and enteroviruses (7.4%). CMV and parainfluenza infections were more common in the group of immunodeficiencies affecting cellular and humoral immunity while EBV and human papilloma virus (HPV) were more common in the immune dysregulation group and combined immunodeficiencies with associated syndromic features, respectively. The most common presentation was viremia (28.8%) followed by pneumonia (28.2%) and skin infections (17.6%). The most common causes of viremia were CMV followed by adenovirus and EBV, while the most common organisms causing pneumonia were CMV followed by rhinovirus and parainfluenza. There were 80 deaths among the registered patients, 10% were caused by viral infections. Conclusions: Viral infections are common in PIDs and result into a wide-range of clinical manifestations causing significant morbidity and mortality.
    Matched MeSH terms: Virus Diseases/epidemiology*; Virus Diseases/virology
  7. Fulltext Quantitation of T lymphocyte subsets helps to distinguish dengue hemorrhagic fever from classic dengue fever during the acute febrile stage
    Fadilah SA, Sahrir S, Raymond AA, Cheong SK, Aziz JA, Sivagengei K
    Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 1999 Dec;30(4):710-7.
    PMID: 10928365
    Activation of immunoregulatory T lymphocyte subsets has been observed in dengue viral infection, being more evident in dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) than in classical dengue fever (DF). There are, however, as yet no well-defined host markers to determine which patients with dengue viral infection will develop severe complications during the acute febrile stage of the disease. A study was performed to compare the cellular immune status in DHF, DF and non-dengue viral infections (NDF) in order to determine the value of these parameters in distinguishing DHF from classic DF and other viral infections during the acute febrile stage of the disease. This study involved 109 febrile patients admitted because of suspected DHF. Fifty patients were serologically confirmed cases of dengue infection, of which 25 had grade 1 or 2 DHF. There was a reduction in total T (CD3), CD4 and CD8 cells in DHF and demonstrated that a low level of CD3, CD4, CD8 and CD5 cells discriminated DHF from DF patients during the febrile stage of the illness. In contrast, B (CD19) cells and natural killer (NK) cells did not appear to be discriminatory in this study. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that a combination of CD3 cell of < or = 45% and CD5 cell of < or = 55% was the best marker to identify DHF patients (sensitivity = 84% and specificity = 52% for CD3 cell of < or = 45%; sensitivity = 92% and specificity = 71% for CD5 cell of < or = 55%). CD4 cell of < or = 25% and CD8 cell < or = 30% were equally good in discriminating DHF from DF patients. On the other hand, the ROC curves indicated no clear difference between the immunoregulatory cell counts in DF from NDF Lymphopenia, atypical lymphocytosis and thrombocytopenia were significantly more evident in dengue compared to non-dengue infection but did not appear to be discriminatory among DHF and DF patients. The reduction in CD3, CD4, CD8, CD5 cells correlated with the degree of thrombocytopenia in DHF (p < 0.05) which suggests that these cells probably participate in a common pathogenetic mechanism.
    Matched MeSH terms: Virus Diseases/diagnosis; Virus Diseases/immunology
  8. The distribution and prevalence of group A arbovirus neutralizing antibodies among human populations in Southeast Asia and the Pacific islands
    Tesh RB, Gajdusek DC, Garruto RM, Cross JH, Rosen L
    Am J Trop Med Hyg, 1975 Jul;24(4):664-75.
    PMID: 1155702
    Plaque reduction neutralization tests, using five group A arboviruses (chikungunya, Ross River, Getah, Bebaru and Sindbis), were done on sera from human populations in 44 Southeast Asia and Pacific island localities. Specificity of the plaque neutralization test was determined by examining convalescent sera from patients with known alphavirus infections. Chikungunya-specific neutralizing antibodies were demonstrated in sera of persons living in South Vietnam, Northern Malaysia, Indonesia (Kalimantan and Sulawesi), as well as Luzon, Marinduque, Cebu and Mindanao islands in the Philippines. Evidence of Ross River virus infection was found among populations living in West New Guinea and Papua New Guinea mainland, the Bismark Archipelago, Rossel Island and the Solomon Islands. There appeared to be no geographic overlap in the distribution of chikungunya and Ross River viruses, with the separation in their distribution corresponding with Weber's line in the Pacific. Sindbis neutralizing antibodies were found in 7 of 21 populations sampled, but in general the prevalence of infection was low. Four sera, from Vietnam, Malaysia and Mindanao gave monospecific reactions with Getah virus. No evidence of specific Bebaru virus infection was detected. The epidemiology of these five alphaviruses in Southeast Asia and the Pacific islands is discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Virus Diseases/immunology; Virus Diseases/epidemiology
  9. Fulltext Optimization: Molecular Communication Networks for Viral Disease Analysis Using Deep Leaning Autoencoder
    Junejo AR, Kaabar MKA, Li X
    Comput Math Methods Med, 2021;2021:9949328.
    PMID: 34938362 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9949328
    Developing new treatments for emerging infectious diseases in infectious and noninfectious diseases has attracted a particular attention. The emergence of viral diseases is expected to accelerate; these data indicate the need for a proactive approach to develop widely active family specific and cross family therapies for future disease outbreaks. Viral disease such as pneumonia, severe acute respiratory syndrome type 2, HIV infection, and Hepatitis-C virus can cause directly and indirectly cardiovascular disease (CVD). Emphasis should be placed not only on the development of broad-spectrum molecules and antibodies but also on host factor therapy, including the reutilization of previously approved or developing drugs. Another new class of therapeutics with great antiviral therapeutic potential is molecular communication networks using deep learning autoencoder (DL-AEs). The use of DL-AEs for diagnosis and prognosis prediction of infectious and noninfectious diseases has attracted a particular attention. MCN is map to molecular signaling and communication that are found inside and outside the human body where the goal is to develop a new black box mechanism that can serve the future robust healthcare industry (HCI). MCN has the ability to characterize the signaling process between cells and infectious disease locations at various levels of the human body called point-to-point MCN through DL-AE and provide targeted drug delivery (TDD) environment. Through MCN, and DL-AE healthcare provider can remotely measure biological signals and control certain processes in the required organism for the maintenance of the patient's health state. We use biomicrodevices to promote the real-time monitoring of human health and storage of the gathered data in the cloud. In this paper, we use the DL-based AE approach to design and implement a new drug source and target for the MCN under white Gaussian noise. Simulation results show that transceiver executions for a given medium model that reduces the bit error rate which can be learned. Then, next development of molecular diagnosis such as heart sounds is classified. Furthermore, biohealth interface for the inside and outside human body mechanism is presented, comparative perspective with up-to-date current situation about MCN.
    Matched MeSH terms: Virus Diseases/drug therapy*; Virus Diseases/epidemiology
  10. Fulltext Clinical risk factors for life-threatening lower respiratory tract infections in children: a retrospective study in an urban city in Malaysia
    Nathan AM, Rani F, Lee RJ, Zaki R, Westerhout C, Sam IC, et al.
    PLoS One, 2014;9(10):e111162.
    PMID: 25360811 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111162
    Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) are an important cause of morbidity and mortality, especially in low income countries. The aim of this study was to determine risk factors of life-threatening LRTIs in hospitalised children in Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Virus Diseases/mortality; Virus Diseases/virology
  11. Evaluation of serological transfusion-transmitted viral diseases and mutliplex nucleic acid testing in malaysian blood donors
    Yaseen SG, Ahmed SA, Johan MF, Kiron R, Daher AM
    Transfus Apher Sci, 2013 Dec;49(3):647-51.
    PMID: 23890575 DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2013.07.003
    Transmission of infectious diseases is a recognized complication of blood transfusion and blood products. Nucleic acid testing (NAT) may contribute to improved efficiency of blood screening and thereby increase the safety margin for transfused blood.
    Matched MeSH terms: Virus Diseases/blood*; Virus Diseases/epidemiology
  12. A systematic review on current approaches in bat virus discovered between 2018 and 2022
    Mo Y, Lim LS, Ng SK
    J Virol Methods, 2024 Sep;329:115005.
    PMID: 39128772 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2024.115005
    Zoonotic viruses are widely seen as the primary threat for future pandemics. Bats are the most diverse group of mammals, with more than 1400 species distributed across most habitats on Earth. So far, 31 known virus families were associated with bats, although the understanding of most viruses were insufficient. Continuous efforts to discover, understand and monitor these bats viruses, is thereby an area of public health interest. This systematic review was designed to catalogue publications reporting novel bat virus discoveries within PubMed, SCOPUS, and Web of Science databases, within a 5-year period from 2018 to 2022. Various experimental parameters, including sampling locations, methodology, bat species diversity, similarity to known viruses, species demarcation of new viruses, and genomic sequencing strategies, were extracted from 41 publications and analyzed. In total, 72 novel viruses from 19 virus families were identified between 2018 and 2022, particularly from Genomoviridae (DNA viruses) and Coronaviridae (RNA viruses). That said, only a limited number of bat families featured extensively despite noticeable shift towards next generation sequencing methods and metagenomics pipeline for virus identification across different sampling methods. This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the global efforts made over the past five years to identify and characterize emerging viruses in bat species, and to provide a detailed overview of the current technologies and methodologies used in these studies.
    Matched MeSH terms: Virus Diseases/veterinary; Virus Diseases/virology
  13. Bone breaking infections - A focus on bacterial and mosquito-borne viral infections
    Cui YC, Wu Q, Teh SW, Peli A, Bu G, Qiu YS, et al.
    Microb Pathog, 2018 Sep;122:130-136.
    PMID: 29909241 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.06.021
    The recent global resurgence of arthritogenic alphaviruses, including Ross River, chikungunya, and dengue, highlights an urgency for the development of therapeutic strategies. Currently, dengue represents the most rapidly transmitting mosquito-borne viral disease worldwide. By contracting bone breaking diseases, patients experience devastating clinical manifestations involving muscle pain and bone loss. The bone self-repair and regeneration mechanisms can be damaged by the presence of viruses and bacteria. The rapid establishment of dengue epidemic and the severity of bacterial and viral infections affecting the bone stress the urgent need of developing effective interventions. Herein, we review current knowledge on bone breaking infections, covering both bacterial and mosquito-borne viral ones. The mechanisms exploited by these diseases to significantly affect the bone, including interferences with self-repair and regeneration routes, were discussed. In the final section, challenges for future research aimed to treat and prevent bacterial and mosquito-borne bone-breaking infections have been outlined.
    Matched MeSH terms: Virus Diseases
  14. Fulltext Molecular characterisation of grouper iridovirus isolates from Peninsular Malaysia
    Hassan, M.D., Hazeri, M., Omar, A.R., Abba, Y., Allaudin, Z.N., Soltani, M., et al.
    Jurnal Veterinar Malaysia, 2017;29(1):1-6.
    MyJurnal
    Grouper Iriovirus (GIV) is one of the most devastating viral diseases of marine and cultured groupers worldwide. In the current study, 5 presumptive Malaysian GIV isolates were characterised through PCR amplification of the major capsid protein (MCP) gene and phylogenetic analysis of the sequences. The sequences from the five GIV isolates showed 100% homology with each other and a close relationship with grouper iridovirus isolate (GIV_Tn_352), which was clustered in group 1 together with King grouper iridovirus isolate (KGIV_Cy_346), Singapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV), and Crimson snapper iridovirus isolate (CSIV). The phylogenetic tree also showed different degree of relatedness with other Ranavirus strains which were obtained from the blast of GIV MCP gene in the NCBI database. This study confirmed the GIV isolates from Malaysia are related to other isolates that were reported previously.
    Matched MeSH terms: Virus Diseases
  15. Fulltext Investigation of a Dengue Outbreak in Ibu Pejabat Kontigen (IPK) Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, 2017
    Lim, Carol Kai Joo
    Borneo Journal of Medical Sciences, 2018;12(101):41-42.
    MyJurnal
    Dengue is a viral infection caused by four types of viruses (DENV-1, DENV- 2, DENV-3, DENV-4) and transmitted through the bite of infected Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus female mosquitoes that feed both indoors and outdoors during the daytime (from dawn to dusk). These mosquitoes thrive in areas with standing water, including puddles, water tanks, containers and old tyres. There were a total of 35 dengue outbreaks under PKK KK with four active outbreaks in the year 2017. One uncontrolled outbreak occurred at Ibu Pejabat Kontigen (IPK) Kota Kinabalu from 16 November 2017 to 21 December 2017.
    Matched MeSH terms: Virus Diseases
  16. Preventing the next pandemic
    Wolfe N
    Sci. Am., 2009 Apr;300(4):76-81.
    PMID: 19363924
    Matched MeSH terms: Virus Diseases/epidemiology; Virus Diseases/prevention & control; Virus Diseases/transmission
  17. White spot syndrome virus isolates of tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon (Fabricious) in India are similar to exotic isolates as revealed by polymerase chain reaction and electron microscopy
    Mishra SS, Shekhar MS
    Indian J Exp Biol, 2005 Jul;43(7):654-61.
    PMID: 16053274
    Microbiological analysis of samples collected from cases of white spot disease outbreaks in cultured shrimp in different farms located in three regions along East Coast of India viz. Chidambram (Tamil Nadu), Nellore (Andhra Pradesh) and Balasore (Orissa), revealed presence of Vibrio alginolyticus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and Aeromonas spp. but experimental infection trials in Penaeus monodon with these isolates did not induce any acute mortality or formation of white spots on carapace. Infection trials using filtered tissue extracts by oral and injection method induced mortality in healthy P. monodon with all samples and 100% mortality was noted by the end of 7 day post-inoculation. Histopathological analysis demonstrated degenerated cells characterized by hypertrophied nuclei in gills, hepatopancreas and lymphoid organ with presence of intranuclear basophilic or eosino-basophilic bodies in tubular cells and intercellular spaces. Analysis of samples using 3 different primer sets as used by other for detection of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) generated 643, 1447 and 520bp amplified DNA products in all samples except in one instance. Variable size virions with mean size in the range of 110 x 320 +/- 20 nm were observed under electron microscope. It could be concluded that the viral isolates in India involved with white spot syndrome in cultured shrimp are similar to RV-PJ and SEMBV in Japan, WSBV in Taiwan and WSSV in Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, China and Japan.
    Matched MeSH terms: Virus Diseases/pathology; Virus Diseases/veterinary; Virus Diseases/virology
  18. Flavonoids: promising natural compounds against viral infections
    Zakaryan H, Arabyan E, Oo A, Zandi K
    Arch Virol, 2017 Sep;162(9):2539-2551.
    PMID: 28547385 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-017-3417-y
    Flavonoids are widely distributed as secondary metabolites produced by plants and play important roles in plant physiology, having a variety of potential biological benefits such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral activity. Different flavonoids have been investigated for their potential antiviral activities and several of them exhibited significant antiviral properties in in vitro and even in vivo studies. This review summarizes the evidence for antiviral activity of different flavonoids, highlighting, where investigated, the cellular and molecular mechanisms of action on viruses. We also present future perspectives on therapeutic applications of flavonoids against viral infections.
    Matched MeSH terms: Virus Diseases/drug therapy*
  19. Fulltext Bacterial pneumonia and its associated factors in children from a developing country: A prospective cohort study
    Nathan AM, Teh CSJ, Jabar KA, Teoh BT, Tangaperumal A, Westerhout C, et al.
    PLoS One, 2020;15(2):e0228056.
    PMID: 32059033 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228056
    INTRODUCTION: Pneumonia in children is a common disease yet determining its aetiology remains elusive.

    OBJECTIVES: To determine the a) aetiology, b) factors associated with bacterial pneumonia and c) association between co-infections (bacteria + virus) and severity of disease, in children admitted with severe pneumonia.

    METHODS: A prospective cohort study involving children aged 1-month to 5-years admitted with very severe pneumonia, as per the WHO definition, over 2 years. Induced sputum and blood obtained within 24 hrs of admission were examined via PCR, immunofluorescence and culture to detect 17 bacteria/viruses. A designated radiologist read the chest radiographs.

    RESULTS: Three hundred patients with a mean (SD) age of 14 (±15) months old were recruited. Significant pathogens were detected in 62% of patients (n = 186). Viruses alone were detected in 23.7% (n = 71) with rhinovirus (31%), human metapneumovirus (HMP) [22.5%] and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) [16.9%] being the commonest. Bacteria alone was detected in 25% (n = 75) with Haemophilus influenzae (29.3%), Staphylococcus aureus (24%) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (22.7%) being the commonest. Co-infections were seen in 13.3% (n = 40) of patients. Male gender (AdjOR 1.84 [95% CI 1.10, 3.05]) and presence of crepitations (AdjOR 2.27 [95% CI 1.12, 4.60]) were associated with bacterial infection. C-reactive protein (CRP) [p = 0.007]) was significantly higher in patients with co-infections but duration of hospitalization (p = 0.77) and requirement for supplemental respiratory support (p = 0.26) were not associated with co-infection.

    CONCLUSIONS: Bacteria remain an important cause of very severe pneumonia in developing countries with one in four children admitted isolating bacteria alone. Male gender and presence of crepitations were significantly associated with bacterial aetiology. Co-infection was associated with a higher CRP but no other parameters of severe clinical illness.

    Matched MeSH terms: Virus Diseases/epidemiology
  20. Fulltext Viruses and cancer
    Yasmin AM
    Med J Malaysia, 1997 Jun;52(2):105-7.
    PMID: 10968066
    Matched MeSH terms: Virus Diseases/complications*
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