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  1. Fulltext Enhancement of bioplastic polyhydroxybutyrate P(3HB) production from glucose by newly engineered strain Cupriavidus necator NSDG-GG using response surface methodology
    Biglari N, Ganjali Dashti M, Abdeshahian P, Orita I, Fukui T, Sudesh K
    3 Biotech, 2018 Aug;8(8):330.
    PMID: 30073115 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-018-1351-7
    This study aimed to enhance production of polyhydroxybutyrate P(3HB) by a newly engineered strain of Cupriavidus necator NSDG-GG by applying response surface methodology (RSM). From initial experiment of one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT), glucose and urea were found to be the most significant substrates as carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively, for the production of P(3HB). OFAT experiment results showed that the maximum biomass, P(3HB) content, and P(3HB) concentration of 8.95 g/L, 76 wt%, and 6.80 g/L were achieved at 25 g/L glucose and 0.54 g/L urea with an agitation rate of 200 rpm at 30 °C after 48 h. In this study, RSM was applied to optimize the three key variables (glucose concentration, urea concentration, and agitation speed) at a time to obtain optimal conditions in a multivariable system. Fermentation experiments were conducted in shaking flask by cultivation of C. necator NSDG-GG using various glucose concentrations (10-50 g/L), urea concentrations (0.27-0.73 g/L), and agitation speeds (150-250 rpm). The interaction between the variables studied was analyzed by ANOVA analysis. The RSM results indicated that the optimum cultivation conditions were 37.70 g/L glucose, 0.73 g/L urea, and 200 rpm agitation speed. The validation experiments under optimum conditions produced the highest biomass of 12.84 g/L, P(3HB) content of 92.16 wt%, and P(3HB) concentration of 11.83 g/L. RSM was found to be an efficient method in enhancing the production of biomass, P(3HB) content, and P(3HB) concentration by 43, 21, and 74%, respectively.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glucose
  2. Fulltext Isolation and characterization of a metal-reducing Pseudomonas sp. strain 135 with amide-degrading capability
    Yakasai, M.H., Rahman, M.F., Khayat, M.E., Shukor, M.Y., Shamaan, N.A., Rahim, M.B.H.A.
    Bioremediation Science and Technology Research, 2017;5(2):32-38.
    MyJurnal
    The presence of both heavy metals and organic xenobiotic pollutants in a contaminated site
    justifies the application of either a multitude of microbial degraders or microorganisms having
    the capacity to detoxify a number of pollutants at the same time. Molybdenum is an essential
    heavy metal that is toxic to ruminants at a high level. Ruminants such as cow and goats
    experience severe hypocuprosis leading to scouring and death at a concentration as low as
    several parts per million. In this study, a molybdenum-reducing bacterium with amide-degrading
    capacity has been isolated from contaminated soils. The bacterium, using glucose as the best
    electron donor reduces molybdenum in the form of sodium molybdate to molybdenum blue. The
    maximal pH reduction occurs between 6.0 and 6.3, and the bacterium showed an excellent
    reduction in temperatures between 25 and 40 oC. The reduction was maximal at molybdate
    concentrations of between 15 and 25 mM. Molybdenum reduction incidentally was inhibited by
    several toxic heavy metals. Other carbon sources including toxic xenobiotics such as amides
    were screened for their ability to support molybdate reduction. Of all the amides, only
    acrylamide can support molybdenum reduction. The other amides; such as acetamide and
    propionamide can support growth. Analysis using phylogenetic analysis resulted in a tentative
    identification of the bacterium as Pseudomonas sp. strain 135. This bacterium is essential in
    remediating sites contaminated with molybdenum, especially in agricultural soil co-contaminated
    with acrylamide, a known soil stabilizer.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glucose
  3. Fulltext Effects of method and duration of restraint on stress hormones and meat quality in broiler chickens with different body weights
    Ismail SN, Awad EA, Zulkifli I, Goh YM, Sazili AQ
    Asian-Australas J Anim Sci, 2019 Jun;32(6):865-873.
    PMID: 30381751 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.18.0354
    OBJECTIVE: The study was designed to investigate the effects of restraint method, restraint duration, and body weight on stress-linked hormones (corticosterone, adrenaline, and noradrenaline), blood biochemical (namely glucose and lactate), and the meat quality in broiler chickens.

    METHODS: A total of 120 male broiler chickens (Cobb 500) were assigned to a 2×3×2 factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design using two restraint methods (shackle and cone), three durations of restraint (10, 30, and 60 s), and two categories of live body weight (1.8±0.1 kg as lightweight and 2.8±0.1 kg as heavyweight).

    RESULTS: Irrespective of the duration of restraint and body weight, the coned chickens were found to have lower plasma corticosterone (p<0.01), lactate (p<0.001), lower meat drip loss (p<0.01), cooking loss (p<0.05), and higher blood loss (p<0.05) compared with their shackled counterparts. The duration of restraint had significant effects on the meat initial pH (p<0.05), ultimate pH (p<0.05), and yellowness (p<0.01). The lightweight broilers exhibited higher (p< 0.001) blood loss and lower (p<0.05) cooking loss compared to the heavyweight broilers, regardless of the restraint method used and the duration of restraint. However, the interaction between the restraint method, duration of restraint, and body weight contributed to differences in pre-slaughter stress and meat quality. Therefore, the interaction between the restraint method and the duration of restraint affected the meat shear force, lightness (L*) and redness (a*).

    CONCLUSION: The duration of restraint and body weight undoubtedly affect stress responses and meat quality of broiler chickens. Regardless of the duration of restraint and body weight, the cone restraint resulted in notably lower stress, lower meat water loss, and higher blood loss compared to shackling. Overall, the findings of this study showed that restraint method, duration of restraint, and body weight may affect the stress response and meat quality parameters in broilers and should be considered independently or interactively in future studies.

    Matched MeSH terms: Glucose
  4. Fulltext Kombiglyze (metformin and saxagliptin)-induced hepatotoxicity in a patient with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
    Thalha AM, Mahadeva S, Boon Tan AT, Mun KS
    JGH Open, 2018 Oct;2(5):242-245.
    PMID: 30483596 DOI: 10.1002/jgh3.12083
    A 33-year-old man was referred with hyperosmotic symptoms of 4 weeks. Clinical examination showed palpable hepatomegaly and no stigmata of liver disease. Findings were random glucose 16.6 mmol/L, HbA1c 12.4%, triglyceride 6.2 mmol/L, normal LFTs and ultrasound liver: increased echogenicity. Management consisted of dietician referral and commencement of metformin 500 mg bd, diamicron MR 60 mg od, and fenofibrate 145 mg od. He was non-compliant, complaining of "heaviness of head" after consuming oral diabetic agents, without symptoms of hypoglycemia. Treatment was switched to Kombiglyze XR (saxaglipitin 5 mg + metformin 1000 mg) and empagliflozin 25 mg od. He presented 1 week later with generalised pruritus with ALT 307 IU/L and serum GGT 808 IU/L. Following this, a percutaneous liver biopsy was performed, revealing steatohepatitis and marked intra-hepatic cholestasis. Kombiglyze XR was withheld, with resolution of LFTs to baseline. Phenotypes of liver injury are categorised according to R value, defined as ratio ALT/ULN:ALP/ULN. R value of ≥5:hepatocellular injury, ≤2:cholestatic injury, 2-5:mixed-type injury. Here, R value points toward mixed type (R = 3.203). Hepatotoxicity in patients with NASH is difficult to diagnose, based on laboratory parameters. Liver histology was useful in indicating additional changes apart from NASH, causing liver derangement. The Rousal Uclaf Causality Assessment Method is a scoring method to determine the probability of drug induced liver injury. RUCAM score for this case was 6 (probable adverse drug reaction). Hepatotoxicity from saxagliptin not been reported prior. Clinicians need to be more vigilant, particularly in patients with NASH.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glucose
  5. Diversity of fusarium species associated with post-harvest fruit rot disease of tomato
    Abu Bakar A, Nur Ain Izzati M, Umi Kalsom Y
    Sains Malaysiana, 2013;42:911-920.
    Fusarium species is one of the common pathogens of post-harvest disease to cause rot on tomato and other perishable vegetable fruits. The objectives of this study were to determine the diversity of Fusarium isolated species from post-harvest diseases of tomato fruit, to identify the causal organisms by using phenotype characteristics and to verify the pathogens of Fusarium fruit of tomato based on pathogenicity test. Carnation leaf-piece agar (CLA) and potato dextrose agar (PDA) media were used for phenotype-based identification of the Fusarium isolates with emphasis for characterizations of the shapes and sizes of the macroconidia and microconidia, colony features, growth rates, conidiogenous cells and chlamydospores. A total of 180 Fusarium isolates were obtained from 13 locations throughout Selangor. Fusarium solani was most abundantly isolated (34%) followed by F. semitectum (31%) and F. oxysporum (31%), F. subglutinans (3%) while the least was F. equiseti (1%). Twenty seven isolates were tested for pathogenicity test by injecting 1 mL of the conidial suspension onto healthy tomatoes. All the tested Fusarium isolates were pathogenic on tomato with different severity levels. The non-inoculated controls showed no symptoms of fruit rot. The most virulent was F. oxysporum isolate B711T with DSI 93.75%, while the least were isolates of F. solani (B647T) and F. oxysporum (B727T) with DSI 37.5%. Majority of the isolated Fusarium species can potentially produce mycotoxins as their secondary metabolites. The potential production of mycotoxins by pathogenic isolates of Fusarium species in contaminated tomato fruits could pose health hazards when consumed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glucose
  6. Chemical components of marine sponge derived fungus fusarium proliferatum collected from Pulau Tinggi, Malaysia
    Mosadeghzad Z, Zuriati Zakaria, Asmat A, Gires U, Wickneswari R, Pittayakhajonwut P, et al.
    Sains Malaysiana, 2012;41:333-337.
    Marine fungus Fusarium proliferatum derived from marine sponge collected along Pulau Tinggi, Malaysia was cultivated on Potato Dextrose Broth and incubated for 7 days at 30oC. The liquid cultures were then extracted using ethyl acetate. The crude extract was investigated for its anti-microbial activity and was passed through Sephadex column and the fractions were collected. Reverse phase HPLC was used to monitor the component of crude extract. HPLC guided purification of crude extract resulted in the isolation of linoleic acid, 4-hydroxy phenethyl alcohol, 2,5-furandimethanol and adenosine. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glucose
  7. Sequential saccharification and simultaneous fermentation (sssf) of sago hampas for the production of bioethanol
    Micky Vincent, Berry Rence Anak Senawi, Ennry Esut, Norizawati Muhammad Nor, Dayang Salwani Awang Adeni
    Sains Malaysiana, 2015;44:899-904.
    Bioethanol is a very environmentally friendly liquid biofuel that is not only renewable, but also sustainable. It is currently
    deemed as a highly suitable additive and substitute energy source to replace fossil based fuel. In this study, bioethanol
    was produced from sago hampas by using commercial amylase, cellulase and Saccharomyces cerevisiae via sequential
    saccharification and simultaneous fermentation (SSSF), a modified version of the simultaneous saccharification and
    fermentation (SSF) process. SSSF was performed on sago hampas at 2.5 and 5.0% (w/v) feedstock load for five days. The
    samples taken from the SSSF broths were analysed via high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for ethanol, glucose
    and acetic acid production. From the results obtained, SSSF with 5.0% sago hampas loading exhibited the highest ethanol
    production at 14.13 g/L (77.43% of theoretical ethanol yield), while SSSF using 2.5% sago hampas loading produced
    ethanol at 6.45 g/L (69.24% of theoretical ethanol yield). This study has shown that ethanol not only can be produced
    from sago hampas using different enzyme mixtures and S. cerevisiae via SSSF, but yields were also high, making this
    process highly promising for the production of cheap and sustainable ethanol as fuel.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glucose
  8. Fulltext Modelling the prognostic effect of glucose and lipid profiles on stroke recurrence in Malaysia: an event-history analysis
    Chen XW, Nazri Shafei M, Abdul Aziz Z, Nazifah Sidek N, Imran Musa K
    PeerJ, 2020;8:e8378.
    PMID: 32095319 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8378
    Background: Diabetes and dyslipidemia are significantly associated with stroke recurrence, yet the evidence for this relationship is conflicting. Consequently, the parameters in the glucose and lipid profiles may inform us regarding their relationship with stroke recurrence, thus enhancing the physicians' clinical decision-making.

    Aim: This study sought to investigate whether glucose and lipid profiles could prognosticate stroke recurrence in Malaysia.

    Methods: We conducted a retrospective hospital-based study where we analyzed the first-ever stroke cases regarding about which the Malaysia National Stroke Registry was informed between 2009 and 2017, that fulfilled this study's criteria, and that were followed for stroke recurrence. Using the Cox proportional hazard regression analysis, we estimated the adjusted hazard ratios (HRs), which reflected the prognostic effect of the primary variables (i.e., glucose and lipid profiles on the first-stroke admission) on stroke recurrence.

    Results: Among the 8,576 first-ever stroke patients, 394 (4.6%) experienced a subsequent first stroke recurrence event. The prognostic effect measured by univariable Cox regression showed that, when unadjusted, ten variables have prognostic value with regards to stroke recurrence. A multivariable regression analysis revealed that glucose was not a significant prognostic factor (adjusted HR 1.28; 95% CI [1.00-1.65]), while triglyceride level was the only parameter in the lipid profile found to have an independent prognostication concerning stroke recurrence (adjusted HR: 1.28 to 1.36).

    Conclusions: Triglyceride could independently prognosticate stroke recurrence, which suggests the role of physicians in intervening hypertriglyceridemia. In line with previous recommendations, we call for further investigations in first-ever stroke patients with impaired glucose and lipid profiles and suggest a need for interventions in these patients.

    Matched MeSH terms: Glucose
  9. Experimental data on glucose and energy levels of orange mud crab, Scylla olivacea at different water velocities
    Taufik M, Amin-Safwan A, Mohd Nordin AR, Shahrul I, Abol-Munafi AB, Ikhwanuddin M
    Data Brief, 2020 Apr;29:105232.
    PMID: 32099875 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2020.105232
    The present datasets were conducted to investigate glucose concentration in hemolymph, energy levels at selected body parts (hepatopancreas, muscle, gonad), and feces among different sexes of crabs cultured at four different water velocities (0, 20, 40, and 60 cm/s) during a 60-day culture period. A total of 102 immature crabs (51 males, and 51 females) were sampled from Kuala Muda, Kedah coastal water, Peninsular Malaysia (5°39'N 100°19'E) from April to November of 2018. Results indicated that glucose concentration was the highest at water velocity of 60 cm/s for both male and female crabs (♂: 3.76 ± 0.08 mmol/L; ♀: 3.63 ± 0.06 mmol/L), whereas at 0 cm/s, the lowest levels of glucose concentration (♂: 0.13 ± 0.08 mmol/L; ♀: 0.19 ± 0.06 mmol/L) were recorded. As for energy analysis in hepatopancreas, results showed that both male and female crabs recorded the highest levels at 0 cm/s (no flow) with 37.919 ± 0.07 KJ/g and 34.636 ± 0.50 KJ/g, respectively. Energy for locomotion (muscle) of male crabs recorded the highest at 0 cm/s (♂: 26.823 ± 0.06 KJ/g), meanwhile for females, the highest was recorded at 20 cm/s (26.607 ± 0.34 KJ/g). Energy for reproduction of males could not be compared due to an insufficient available amount of testes/vas deferens, whereas female crabs recorded the highest energy usage at 20 cm/s water velocity (♀: 37.895 ± 0.08 KJ/g). For feces, both male and female crabs recorded the lowest energy at 60 cm/s (♂: 5.841 ± 0.03 KJ/g; ♀: 5.393 ± 0.01 KJ/g). Glucose assessment showed a direct relationship between increased velocity and glucose secretion in hemolymph at high velocity of 60 cm/s (stress condition) compared to other treatments. Regarding energy analysis, this research improved the mechanism of hepatopancreas, gonad, muscle and feces functions in development and reproduction, while it shed light on the influence of velocity on energy metabolism of S. olivacea.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glucose
  10. Clinical utility of plasma progesterone and blood and plasma glucose concentrations in predicting parturition in Holstein cows
    Hiew MWH, Megahed AA, Horstman LA, Constable PD
    J Dairy Sci, 2020 Jun;103(6):5575-5590.
    PMID: 32307156 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17800
    An accurate, practical, and low-cost method for predicting parturition is urgently needed in the dairy industry. The objective of this study was to evaluate changes in plasma progesterone concentration ([prog]) and glucose concentration in whole blood ([gluc]b) and plasma ([gluc]p) as predictors of parturition within 6, 12, and 24 h in primiparous and multiparous Holstein cows. Blood samples were obtained daily at approximately 0900 h from 34 primiparous and 72 multiparous Holstein cows in late gestation and the time of calving recorded to the nearest hour. Plasma [prog] was measured using an ELISA, and [gluc]b and [gluc]p using a low-cost point-of-care glucose meter. The optimal cut-point for predicting parturition was determined using binomial logistic regression with general estimating equations, because the data set consisted of repeated measures for each cow. Diagnostic test performance was evaluated by comparing the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and calculating the sensitivity, specificity, and κ at the optimal cut-point for predicting parturition. Plasma [prog] was the most accurate predictor of parturition within 24 h (AUC = 0.96) and 12 h (AUC = 0.93), whereas [gluc]b was the most accurate predictor of parturition within 6 h (primiparous, AUC = 0.96; multiparous, AUC = 0.86). We conclude that a decrease in plasma [prog] is currently the most accurate test for predicting calving within 24 h. Measurement of [gluc]b is a promising new test for the cow-side prediction of parturition in dairy cows due to its accuracy, practicality, and low cost.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Glucose
  11. Fulltext Effects of FamilyDoctor Concept and Doctor-Patient Interaction Satisfaction on Glycaemic Control among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in the Northeast Region of Peninsular Malaysia
    Nordin N, Mohd Hairon S, Yaacob NM, Abdul Hamid A, Hassan N
    Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2020 03 09;17(5).
    PMID: 32182755 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17051765
    The implementation of Family Doctor Concept (FDC) to restructure the primary healthcare systems in Malaysia were expected to enhance patient's satisfaction on doctor-patient interaction and subsequently improved glycaemic control among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients. Thus, this study aims to determine the difference in doctor-patient interaction satisfaction between T2DM patients attended FDC-implemented clinic vs non-FDC clinics, and to determine the association between FDC-implemented clinic and doctor-patient interaction satisfaction towards glycaemic control. A cross-sectional study was conducted throughout 10 districts in Kelantan from February until May 2019 using interview-guided Skala Kepuasan Interaksi Perubatan-11 (SKIP-11) and proforma checklist. Data were analyzed using SPSS ver.24. Chi-square statistic used to determine the difference in doctor-patient interaction satisfaction between both clinics type. Multiple logistic regression used to examine the association between FDC-implemented clinic and doctor-patient interaction satisfaction towards glycaemic control. Twenty primary health clinics involved, and 772 T2DM patients recruited. FDC clinics attendees has higher proportion of satisfaction (40.1%) compared to non-FDC attendees (33.7%) (p = 0.070). Multiple logistic regression confirmed the association of FDC-implemented health clinics (Adj. OR 1.63, p = 0.021), and doctor-patients interaction satisfaction (Adj. OR 1.77, p = 0.005) towards glycaemic control. Hence, strengthening of FDC in primary healthcare and improve the doctor-patient interaction satisfaction were essential to escalate good glycaemic control.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Glucose
  12. Gynura procumbens leaf improves blood glucose level, restores fertility and libido of diabetic-induced male rats
    Khaidatul Akmar Kamaruzaman, Mahanem Mat Noor
    Sains Malaysiana, 2017;46:1471-1477.
    Gynura procumbens (GP) has been widely used in traditional medicine due to its ability in treating various types
    of diseases. This study was carried out to determine the effects of GP on blood glucose level, fertility and libido of
    streptozotocin-induced male rats. A total of 42 male rats were randomly sorted into six groups; normal, negative and
    positive controls and three treated groups with different dosages of GP aqueous extract (GPAE); 150, 300 and 450 mg/kg.
    Each group was treated via oral feeding for 14 consecutive days. The rats were sacrificed on day 15 for further analysis.
    Administration of GPAE significantly lowered the fasting blood glucose (FBG) level and increased the plasma testosterone
    level of diabetic-induced rats compared to the positive and negative control groups. There was also a significant increase
    in the sperm quality as well as the fertility of GPAE treated groups compared to the negative and positive control groups.
    Sexual behaviour analysis demonstrated that GPAE is able to facilitate the expression of sexual behaviour significantly;
    increased mounting frequency and reduced mounting latency. These lines of evidence suggested that GPAE can act as
    antihyperglycaemic, profertility and libido agents. However, its mechanism(s) remains unresolved.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Glucose
  13. Effects of fermentation time and turning intervals on the physicochemical properties of rambutan (nephelium lappaceum l.) fruit sweatings
    Kong Fei Chai, Noranizan Mohd Adzahan, Roselina Karim, Yaya Rukayadi, Hasanah Mohd Ghazali
    Sains Malaysiana, 2018;47:2311-2318.
    Sweatings, the exudates that leach out from fermenting fruits during rambutan fruit fermentation are considered as
    a waste by-product and are allowed to be drained off. This could lead to a pollution problem. Besides, it is a waste if
    the sweatings are possible to be transformed into food products and ingredients. However, prior transformation, the
    fundamental knowledge of the sweatings should be understood. Hence, the main aim of this study was to investigate
    the physicochemical properties of sweatings as affected by fermentation time and turning intervals during natural
    fermentation of rambutan fruits. In this study, peeled rambutan fruit was fermented for 8 days and turned. Different
    batches of the fruits were turned every 24, 48 or 72 h and sweatings from the process were collected and analyzed.
    The results showed that fermentation time significantly reduced (p<0.05) the yield, pH and sucrose content of the
    sweatings by 79-84%, 32-33%, 76.5-80.8%, respectively. Fermentation time also significantly increased (p<0.05) the
    titratable acidity, total soluble solids, fructose, glucose, total sugar, citric acid, lactic acid, acetic acid and ascorbic
    acid contents of the sweatings by 5.6-6.0, 1.5-1.6, 2.4-2.6, 2.1-2.5, 1.0-1.1, 5.7-6.5, 2.4-2.6, 2.1-2.5 and 2.6-2.8 folds,
    respectively. However, turning intervals did not significantly affect (p>0.05) the physicochemical properties of the
    sweatings. High concentrations of sugars and organic acids allow the sweatings to have a balance of sweet and sour
    taste and they are suitable to be used in the production of syrup, soft drinks, jam, jelly, marmalade and vinegar.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glucose
  14. Growth hormone deficiency in adults
    Hew FL, Alford F
    JUMMEC, 1999;4:74-84.
    Adults with Growth hormone (GH) deficiency is now being recognised to display many distinct clinical, metabolic and psychological abnormalities. It has been demonstrated that GH deficient (GHD) adults display features of multiple insulin resistant syndrome (MIRS) which predispose the GHD adults to increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. These features include central obesity, insulin resistance and glucose intolerance, hypertension, dyslipidaemia that includes a reduced level of high density lipoprotein cholesterol, an elevated triglyceride level and sniall low density lipoprotein cholesterol size. Furthermore, GHD adults are found to have a lower bone mass and a reduced sense of well-being. Replacement of G H in these GHD adults has brought about a major itnproveliient in psychological well-being and central obesity. The improvement of some of the lipid abnornialities is however more modest. Insulin resistance, the corner stone of MIRS, is however not altered by G H replacement. Long term data is as yet unavailable to assess if GH replacement reduces cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in these subjects. KEYWORDS: Growth hormone, Horlnoiie deficiency, Diabetes niellitus, Central obesity, Hyperlipidaemia, Hypertension.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glucose Intolerance
  15. Micro-RNA and the Features of Metabolic Syndrome: A Narrative Review
    Das S, Mohamed IN, Teoh SL, Thevaraj T, Ku Ahmad Nasir KN, Zawawi A, et al.
    Mini Rev Med Chem, 2020;20(7):626-635.
    PMID: 31969099 DOI: 10.2174/1389557520666200122124445
    The incidence of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) has risen globally. MetS includes a combination of features, i.e. blood glucose impairment, excess abdominal/body fat dyslipidemia and elevated blood pressure. Other than conventional treatment with drugs, the main preventive approaches include lifestyle changes, weight loss, diet control and adequate exercise also proves to be beneficial. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that play critical regulatory roles in most biological and pathological processes. In the present review, we discuss various miRNAs which are related to MetS by targeting various organs, including the pancreas, liver, skeletal muscles and adipose tissues. These miRNAs have the effect on insulin production and secretion (miR-9, miR-124a, miR-130a,b, miR152, miR-335, miR-375), insulin resistance (miR-29), adipogenesis (miR-143, miR148a) and lipid metabolism (miR-192). We also discuss the miRNAs as potential biomarkers and future therapeutic targets. This review may be beneficial for molecular biologists and clinicians dealing with MetS.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Glucose
  16. Fulltext Gut Microbiota and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Review of Host-Gut Microbiota Interactions and Their Therapeutic Potential
    Hasain Z, Mokhtar NM, Kamaruddin NA, Mohamed Ismail NA, Razalli NH, Gnanou JV, et al.
    Front Cell Infect Microbiol, 2020;10:188.
    PMID: 32500037 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00188
    Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as impaired glucose tolerance recognized during pregnancy. GDM is associated with metabolic disorder phenotypes, such as obesity, low-grade inflammation, and insulin resistance. Following delivery, nearly half of the women with a history of GDM have persistent postpartum glucose intolerance and an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), as much as 7-fold. The alarming upward trend may worsen the socioeconomic burden worldwide. Accumulating evidence strongly associates gut microbiota dysbiosis in women with GDM, similar to the T2DM profile. Several metagenomics studies have shown gut microbiota, such as Ruminococcaceae, Parabacteroides distasonis, and Prevotella, were enriched in women with GDM. These microbiota populations are associated with metabolic pathways for carbohydrate metabolism and insulin signaling, suggesting a potential "gut microbiota signature" in women with GDM. Furthermore, elevated expression of serum zonulin, a marker of gut epithelial permeability, during early pregnancy in women with GDM indicates a possible link between gut microbiota and GDM. Nevertheless, few studies have revealed discrepant results, and the interplay between gut microbiota dysbiosis and host metabolism in women with GDM is yet to be elucidated. Lifestyle modification and pharmacological treatment with metformin showed evidence of modulation of gut microbiota and proved to be beneficial to maintain glucose homeostasis in T2DM. Nonetheless, post-GDM women have poor compliance toward lifestyle modification after delivery, and metformin treatment remains controversial as a T2DM preventive strategy. We hypothesized modulation of the composition of gut microbiota with probiotics supplementation may reverse postpartum glucose intolerance in post-GDM women. In this review, we addressed gut microbiota dysbiosis and the possible mechanistic links between the host and gut microbiota in women with GDM. Furthermore, this review highlights the potential therapeutic use of probiotics in post-GDM women as a T2DM preventive strategy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glucose Intolerance
  17. Does Colectomy Improve Type 2 Diabetes?
    Punchai S, Wilson RL, Meister KM, Nor Hanipah Z, Vangoitsenhoven R, Schauer PR, et al.
    Obes Surg, 2020 06;30(6):2429-2433.
    PMID: 31898042 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-019-04346-w
    Gastrectomy and gastric bypass improve type 2 diabetes (T2DM), potentially through alterations in intestinal hormones and the microbiome. The aim of this study was to analyze whether colorectal resections result in improvement of T2DM. A total of 171 patients with T2DM who underwent colectomy for benign diseases were studied with a median postoperative follow-up of 3 years (interquartile range [IQR] 1-5). The median BMI and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) at baseline and post-colectomy were 30.3 kg/m2 (IQR 26.6-34.6) versus 30.4 kg/m2 (IQR 26.2-35) (p = 0.1), and 6.7% (IQR 6.2-7.5) versus 6.5% (IQR 6.5-7.1) (p = 0.5), respectively. The proportion of patients taking diabetes medications at baseline versus post-colectomy did not differ significantly. Changes in BMI, HbA1c, and status of diabetes medications were not statistically different between the subtypes of colorectal resection. Our experience suggests that colectomy for benign colorectal diseases is not associated with long-term changes in body weight or glycemic control.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Glucose
  18. The Mechanisms of Inhibition of Advanced Glycation End Products Formation through Polyphenols in Hyperglycemic Condition
    Khangholi S, Majid FA, Berwary NJ, Ahmad F, Aziz RB
    Planta Med, 2016 Jan;82(1-2):32-45.
    PMID: 26550791 DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1558086
    Glycation, the non-enzymatic binding of glucose to free amino groups of an amino acid, yields irreversible heterogeneous compounds known as advanced glycation end products. Those products play a significant role in diabetic complications. In the present article we briefly discuss the contribution of advanced glycation end products to the pathogenesis of diabetic complications, such as atherosclerosis, diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, and wound healing. Then we mention the various mechanisms by which polyphenols inhibit the formation of advanced glycation end products. Finally, recent supporting documents are presented to clarify the inhibitory effects of polyphenols on the formation of advanced glycation end products. Phytochemicals apply several antiglycation mechanisms, including glucose metabolism, amelioration of oxidative stress, scavenging of dicarbonyl species, and up/down-regulation of gene expression. To utilize polyphenols in order to remedy diabetic complications, we must explore, examine and clarify the action mechanisms of the components of polyphenols.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glucose
  19. Fulltext Effectiveness of a pharmacist-led structured group-based intervention in improving medication adherence and glycaemic control among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: A randomized controlled trial
    Ting CY, Ahmad Zaidi Adruce S, Lim CJ, Abd Jabar AHA, Ting RS, Ting H, et al.
    Res Social Adm Pharm, 2021 02;17(2):344-355.
    PMID: 32327398 DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.03.026
    BACKGROUND: A pharmacist-led structured group-based intervention (MEDIHEALTH) was formulated to improve medication adherence among Malay type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients in the Malaysian state of Sarawak.

    OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to examine the effectiveness of MEDIHEALTH and its mechanism of impact for improving medication adherence and the glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) level.

    METHODS: A two group and parallel randomised controlled trial with a twelve months follow-up period was conducted at two primary health clinics in Malaysia that were surrounded by Malay communities. Malay T2DM patients whose HbA1c was >7% and total score on the Self-Efficacy for Appropriate Medication Use Scale (SEAMS) was <26 were recruited and parallelly randomised to the MEDIHEALTH or usual care (control) groups. The extended theory of planned behaviour was employed to test the mechanism of impact. Repeated measure analysis of variance was used to assess the difference in the estimated marginal mean of the SEAMS scores and HbA1c level between the intervention and control groups at different times.

    RESULTS: A total of 142 participants were recruited and randomised; three from the intervention group and eight from the control group withdrew before receiving any treatment. Hence, 68 participants in the intervention group and 63 in the control group were included for analyses. The MEDIHEALTH group had a significantly greater increase in the SEAMS score compared to the control group (p 
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Glucose
  20. Metformin in gestational diabetes mellitus: A double-blind placebo-controlled randomized trial
    Tew MP, Tan PC, Saaid R, Hong JGS, Omar SZ
    Int J Gynaecol Obstet, 2022 Mar;156(3):508-515.
    PMID: 33890319 DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.13718
    OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of preemptive metformin on the level of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) at 36 weeks of pregnancy in women with gestational diabetes mellitus controlled by diet change (GDMA1).

    METHODS: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was performed in a university hospital. Women with GDMA1 were recruited at 16-30 weeks of pregnancy and randomized to oral metformin 500 mg twice daily or identical placebo tablets to delivery. Level of HbA1c was taken at recruitment and at 36 weeks of pregnancy. The primary outcome was the change in level of HbA1c at recruitment and 36 weeks of pregnancy.

    RESULTS: Data from 106 participants were analyzed. The level of HbA1c during pregnancy increased significantly with a mean increase of 0.20% ± 0.31% (P 

    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Glucose
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