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Fulltext The global burden of decubitus ulcers from 1990 to 2019

Zhang X, Zhu N, Li Z, Xie X, Liu T, Ouyang G

Sci Rep, 2021 11 05;11(1):21750.
PMID: 34741095 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01188-4

There are no studies assessing the epidemiology and burden of decubitus ulcers at global, regional, and national levels. We aim to report this issue from 1990 to 2019 by extracting data from the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2019 and stratifying it by age, gender, and socio-demographic index (SDI). Globally, the number of prevalent cases of decubitus ulcers in 2019 is 0.85 (95% UI 0.78 to 0.94) million. The age-standardized rates of prevalence, incidence, and years lived with disability (YLDs) in 2019 are 11.3 (95% UI 10.2 to 12.5), 41.8 (37.8 to 46.2), and 1.7 (1.2 to 2.2) per 100,000 population, and compared with 1990, it has decreased by 10.6% (95% UI 8.7% to 12.3%), 10.2% (8.2 to 11.9%), and 10.4% (8.1 to 12.5%), respectively. In addition, the global prevalence rate of decubitus ulcers increases with age, peaking at the > 95 age group among men and women. At the regional and national levels, we observe a positive correlation between age-standardized YLDs and SDI. Malaysia, Saudi Arabia, and Thailand experienced the most significant increases in age-standardized prevalence rates at the national level. Finally, we concluded that the age-standardized prevalence, incidence, and YLDs rates of decubitus ulcer declined from 1990 to 2019, with significant regional differences. In order to monitor the dynamic changes of decubitus ulcers burden, it is recommended to improve the quality of decubitus ulcer health data in all regions and countries.

Matched MeSH terms: Pressure Ulcer/epidemiology*
Fulltext Early lowering of blood pressure after acute intracerebral haemorrhage: a systematic review and meta-analysis of individual patient data

Moullaali TJ, Wang X, Sandset EC, Woodhouse LJ, Law ZK, Arima H, et al.

J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 2022 01;93(1):6-13.
PMID: 34732465 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2021-327195

OBJECTIVE: To summarise evidence of the effects of blood pressure (BP)-lowering interventions after acute spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH).
METHODS: A prespecified systematic review of the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EMBASE and MEDLINE databases from inception to 23 June 2020 to identify randomised controlled trials that compared active BP-lowering agents versus placebo or intensive versus guideline BP-lowering targets for adults <7 days after ICH onset. The primary outcome was function (distribution of scores on the modified Rankin scale) 90 days after randomisation. Radiological outcomes were absolute (>6 mL) and proportional (>33%) haematoma growth at 24 hours. Meta-analysis used a one-stage approach, adjusted using generalised linear mixed models with prespecified covariables and trial as a random effect.
RESULTS: Of 7094 studies identified, 50 trials involving 11 494 patients were eligible and 16 (32.0%) shared patient-level data from 6221 (54.1%) patients (mean age 64.2 [SD 12.9], 2266 [36.4%] females) with a median time from symptom onset to randomisation of 3.8 hours (IQR 2.6-5.3). Active/intensive BP-lowering interventions had no effect on the primary outcome compared with placebo/guideline treatment (adjusted OR for unfavourable shift in modified Rankin scale scores: 0.97, 95% CI 0.88 to 1.06; p=0.50), but there was significant heterogeneity by strategy (pinteraction=0.031) and agent (pinteraction<0.0001). Active/intensive BP-lowering interventions clearly reduced absolute (>6 ml, adjusted OR 0.75, 95%CI 0.60 to 0.92; p=0.0077) and relative (≥33%, adjusted OR 0.82, 95%CI 0.68 to 0.99; p=0.034) haematoma growth.
INTERPRETATION: Overall, a broad range of interventions to lower BP within 7 days of ICH onset had no overall benefit on functional recovery, despite reducing bleeding. The treatment effect appeared to vary according to strategy and agent.
PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42019141136.

Matched MeSH terms: Blood Pressure/drug effects*
High performance liquid chromatographic determination of aflatoxins in chilli, peanut and rice using silica based monolithic column

Khayoon WS, Saad B, Lee TP, Salleh B

Food Chem, 2012 Jul 15;133(2):489-96.
PMID: 25683424 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.01.010

A simple and rapid high performance liquid chromatographic with fluorescence detection method for the determination of the aflatoxin B1, B2, G1 and G2 in peanuts, rice and chilli was developed. The sample was extracted using acetonitrile:water (90:10, v/v%) and then purified by using ISOLUTE® multimode solid phase extraction. After the pre-column derivatisation, the analytes were separated within 3.7 min using Chromolith® performance RP-18e (100-4.6mm) monolithic column. To assess the possible effects of endogenous components in the food items, matrix-matched calibration was used for the quantification and validation. The recoveries of aflatoxins that were spiked into food samples were 86.38-104.5% and RSDs were <4.4%. The method was applied to the determination of aflatoxins in peanut (9), rice (5) and chilli (10) samples. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis using triple quadruple analyser and operated in the multiple reaction monitoring modes on the contaminated samples was performed for confirmation.

Matched MeSH terms: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods*
Chromatographic comparison of atenolol separation in reaction media on cellulose tris-(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase using ultra fast liquid chromatography

Agustian J, Kamaruddin AH, Aboul-Enein HY

Chirality, 2012 May;24(5):356-67.
PMID: 22517322 DOI: 10.1002/chir.22019

Because chiral liquid chromatography (LC) could become a powerful tool to estimate racemic atenolol quantity, excellent enantiomeric separation should be produced during data acquisition for satisfactory observation of atenolol concentrations throughout the racemic resolution processes. Selection of chiral LC column and analytical protocol that fulfill demands of the ultra fast LC analysis is essential. This article describes the characteristics of atenolol chromatographic separation that resulted from different resolution media and analytical protocols with the use of a Chiralcel® OD column. The chromatograms showed quite different characteristics of the separation process. The single enantiomer and racemic atenolol could be recognized by the Chiralcel® OD column in less than 20 min. Symmetrical peaks were obtained; however, several protocols produced peaks with wide bases and slanted baselines. Observations showed that efficient enantioresolution of racemic atenolol was obtained at slow mobile phase flow rate, decreased concentration of amine-type modifier but increased alcohol content in mobile phase and highest ultraviolet detection wavelength were required. The optimal ultra fast LC protocol enables to reduce and eliminate the peaks of either the atenolol solvent or the buffers and provided the highest peak intensities of both atenolol enantiomers.

Matched MeSH terms: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods
Hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction combined with high performance liquid chromatography for the determination of trace mitiglinide in biological fluids

Hadi H, Makahleh A, Saad B

J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci, 2012 May 1;895-896:131-6.
PMID: 22503735 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.03.031

A hollow fiber liquid phase microextraction (HF-LPME) in conjunction with reversed phase HPLC-UV method was developed for the extraction and determination of trace amounts of the antidiabetic drug, mitiglinide (MIT) in biological fluids. The drug was extracted from 10 mL aqueous sample (donor phase (DP)) into an organic phase impregnated in the pores of hollow fiber, followed by the back extraction into a second aqueous solution (acceptor phase (AP)) located in the lumen of the hollow fiber. Parameters influencing the extraction efficiency including the kind of organic solvent, composition of DP and AP, extraction time, stirring rate and salt addition were investigated and optimized. Under the optimized extraction conditions, high enrichment factors (210-fold), good linearity (5-1000 ng mL(-1)) and detection limit lower than 1.38 ng mL(-1) were achieved. Recoveries of spiked samples were in the range (88.3-96.3%) and (92.0-99.3%) for urine and plasma samples, respectively. The percent relative standard deviation (n=9) for the extraction and determination of three concentration levels (100, 400 and 800 ng mL(-1)) of MIT were less than 10.6% and 13.6% for urine and plasma samples, respectively. The developed method is simple, sensitive and has been successfully applied to the analysis of MIT in biological fluids.

Matched MeSH terms: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods*
Application of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), HPLC and pNMR for interpretation primary crystallisation caused by combined low and high melting TAGs

Saadi S, Ariffin AA, Ghazali HM, Miskandar MS, Boo HC, Abdulkarim SM

Food Chem, 2012 May 1;132(1):603-12.
PMID: 26434338 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.10.095

The main goal of the present work was to assess the mechanism of crystallisation, more precisely the dominant component responsible for primary crystal formations and fat agglomerations. Therefore, DSC results exhibited significant effect on temperature transition; peak sharpness and enthalpy at palm stearin (PS) levels more than 40wt.%. HPLC data demonstrated slight reduction in the content of POO/OPO at PS levels less than 40wt.%, while the excessive addition of PS more than 40wt.% increased significantly PPO/POP content. The pNMR results showed significant drop in SFC for blends containing PS less than 40wt.%, resulting in low SFC less than 15% at body temperature (37°C). Moreover, the values of viscosity (η) and shear stress (τ) at PS levels over 40wt.% expressed excellent internal friction of the admixtures. All the data reported indicate that PPO/POP was the major component of primary nucleus developed. In part, the levels of PS should be less than 40wt.%, if these blends are designed to be used for margarine production.

Matched MeSH terms: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods*
Zeolite Linde Type L as micro-solid phase extraction sorbent for the high performance liquid chromatography determination of ochratoxin A in coffee and cereal

Lee TP, Saad B, Ng EP, Salleh B

J Chromatogr A, 2012 May 11;1237:46-54.
PMID: 22444432 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.03.031

Zeolite Linde Type L (LTL) crystals with different length, diameter and particle size (nanosized LTL, rod LTL, cylinder LTL and needle LTL) were synthesized, characterized and were used as sorbent in the micro-solid phase extraction of ochratoxin A (OTA) before the high performance liquid chromatography detection. Under the optimized conditions, the detection limits of OTA for coffee and cereal were 0.09 ng g(-1) and 0.03 ng g(-1), respectively, while the quantification limits were 0.28 ng g(-1) and 0.08 ng g(-1), respectively. The recoveries of OTA of coffee and cereal spiked at 0.5, 10 and 25 ng g(-1) ranged from 91.7 to 101.0%. The proposed method was applied to forty-five samples of coffee and cereal. The presence of OTA was found in twenty-five samples, ranging from 0.28 to 9.33 ng g(-1).

Matched MeSH terms: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods*
Fulltext The influence of self-owned home blood pressure monitoring (HBPM) on primary care patients with hypertension: a qualitative study

Abdullah A, Othman S

BMC Fam Pract, 2011;12:143.
PMID: 22208768 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2296-12-143

BACKGROUND:
Home blood pressure monitoring (HBPM) is gaining popularity among hypertensive patients. This study aimed to explore the influence of self-initiated HBPM on primary care patients with hypertension.
METHODS:
Six in-depth interviews and two focus group discussions were conducted, taking into consideration the experiences of 24 primary care patients with hypertension. These patients had been using HBPM as part of their hypertension management. The overriding influences were grouped under themes which emerged from analyzing the data using the grounded theory approach.
RESULTS:
There are both positive and negative influences of self-initiated HBPM. Patients used the readings of their HBPM to decide on many aspects of their hypertension management. The HBPM readings both influenced their adherence to diet and exercise and provided certain reassurance when they experienced symptoms. In addition, the act of discussing their HBPM readings with their health care providers resulted in an enhanced doctor-patient therapeutic relationship. Nevertheless, HBPM created confusion at times in some patients, particularly with regard to the target blood pressure level and the need for medication. This led to some patients making their own medical decisions based on their own standards.
CONCLUSIONS:
HBPM is becoming an integral part of hypertension management. Primary care patients who self-initiated HBPM reported being more self-efficacious, but lack of participation and guidance from their doctors created confusion, and hindered the true benefit of HBPM.

Study site: urban primary care clinic, located within the University Malaya Medical Centre

Matched MeSH terms: Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory*
Effect of repeatedly heated palm olein on blood pressure-regulating enzymes activity and lipid peroxidation in rats

Leong XF, Salimon J, Mustafa MR, Jaarin K

Malays J Med Sci, 2012 Jan;19(1):20-9.
PMID: 22977371

BACKGROUND: Oxidative stress is associated with the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. The process of deep-fat frying in dietary cooking oil plays a role in the generation of free radicals. In this study, palm olein heated to 180 °C was tested for its effect on the activity of blood pressure-regulating enzymes and lipid peroxidation.
METHODS: Forty-two adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were equally assigned into 6 groups.The first group was fed with normal rat chow as the control group, and the subsequent groups were fed with rat chow fortified with 15% weight/weight of the following: fresh palm olein, palm olein heated once, palm olein heated twice, palm olein heated 5 times, or palm olein heated 10 times. The duration of feeding was 6 months. Fatty acid analyses of oil were performed using gas chromatography. Peroxide values were determined using standard titration. Plasma was collected for biochemical analyses.
RESULTS: Repeatedly heated palm olein increased the levels of peroxide, angiotensin-converting enzyme, and lipid peroxidation as well as reduced the level of heme oxygenase. Fresh palm olein and palm olein heated once had lesser effects on lipid peroxidation and a better effect on the activity of blood pressure-regulating enzymes than repeatedly heated palm olein.
CONCLUSION: Repeatedly heated palm olein may negatively affect the activity of blood pressure-regulating enzymes and increase lipid peroxidation.

Matched MeSH terms: Blood Pressure; Blood Pressure Determination
Fulltext The Effect of Labisia pumila var. alata on Postmenopausal Women: A Pilot Study

Abdul Kadir A, Nik Hussain NH, Wan Bebakar WM, Mohd DM, Wan Mohammad WM, Hassan II, et al.

Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2012;2012:216525.
PMID: 22701504 DOI: 10.1155/2012/216525

This is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study comparing the effects of a water extract of Labisia pumila var. alata at 280 mg/day with placebo, given for 6 months in postmenopausal Malay women. There were 29 patients treated with Labisia pumila and 34 patients in the placebo group. Menopausal symptoms were assessed at baseline and at 6 months. The blood pressure, body mass index, waist circumference, fasting blood sugar, lipid profile, and hormonal profile (follicle stimulating hormone/luteinizing hormone/estradiol) were measured during visits every two months. ANCOVA model analysis showed significantly lower triglycerides levels in LP subjects at 6 months after treatment as compared to placebo (1.4 versus 1.9 mmol/L; adj. mean difference 0.5, 95% CI: 0.02, 0.89 after adjusted for the baseline values, age, BMI, and duration of menopause placebo). Other parameters in both groups did not differ significantly. In conclusion, daily intake of Labisia pumila at 280 mg/day for six months was found to provide benefit in reducing the triglyceride (TG) values.

Matched MeSH terms: Blood Pressure; Blood Pressure Determination
Fulltext Chromatographic analyses of tocopherols and tocotrienols in palm oil

Han NM, May CY

J Chromatogr Sci, 2012 Mar;50(3):283-6.
PMID: 22337806 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bms002

Analyses of tocols (tocopherols and tocotrienols) in palm oil have been extensively reported in the past. However, due to the scarcity of individual tocotrienol standards, calibrations have mostly been carried out using only α-tocopherol as standard. Moreover, even if the individual tocotrienols are being used, their reliability is often questioned, because tocotrienols are highly susceptible to oxidation and deterioration. This paper reports on the study of the deterioration rate of individual tocotrienol standards upon storage as well as different calibration methods for the tocols in palm oil.

Matched MeSH terms: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods*
Fulltext Comparison between LMA-Classic and AMBU AuraOnce laryngeal mask airway in patients undergoing elective general anaesthesia with positive pressure ventilation

Suzanna AB, Liu CY, Rozaidi SW, Ooi JS

Med J Malaysia, 2011 Oct;66(4):304-7.
PMID: 22299547

The LMA-Classic laryngeal mask airway (Classic LMA) is an autoclavable and reusable laryngeal mask airway with strong evidence supporting its efficacy and safety. Due to the concern of infection risk particularly of prion disease, various single-use laryngeal mask devices were developed. The Ambu AuraOnce LMA (Ambu LMA) is a single use disposable laryngeal mask airway with special design that conforms better to the anatomy of the airway.

Matched MeSH terms: Positive-Pressure Respiration*
Central and peripheral blood pressure profile of young offspring with hypertensive and normotensive parents

Othman AS, Othman NI, Rosman A, Nudin SS, Rahman AR

J Hypertens, 2012 Aug;30(8):1552-5.
PMID: 22635140 DOI: 10.1097/HJH.0b013e328355207b

OBJECTIVES: In this cross-sectional study we compared the central aortic systolic pressure (CASP), peripheral brachial systolic pressure (PSP), peripheral brachial diastolic pressure (PDP) and augmentation index (AIx) between normotensive offspring of nonhypertensive parents (ONT) and normotensive offspring with at least one hypertensive parent (OHT).
METHODOLOGY: A total of 100 healthy ONT (mean age 20.95 ± 2.06) and 100 healthy OHT (mean age 20.89 ± 2.12) individuals were recruited. Parental history of hypertension was determined by detailed history taking. CASP, PSP, PDP and AIx were measured using the BPro device. All blood pressure (BP) measurements were calibrated using oscillometric BP readings.
RESULTS: The OHT group had higher PSP (117.57 ± 10.06 versus 114.52 ± 8.94, P < 0.05), PDP (72.39 ± 7.28 versus 70.39 ± 6.50, P < 0.05) and CASP (103.72 ± 8.95 versus 101.37 ± 7.74, P < 0.05) compared to the ONT group. There was no significant difference in AIx in the ONT group (57.97 ± 11.02 versus 58.08 ± 12.16, P = 0.95) in comparison to the OHT group. However, following adjustments for certain cardiovascular risk factors, only PSP (117.33 versus 114.76, P < 0.05) remained significantly higher in the OHT group compared to the ONT group. Analysis of adjusted data within sex showed that CASP was higher in the female OHT group compared to the female ONT group, whereas PDP were higher in the male OHT group compared to the male ONT group.
CONCLUSION: Alterations in PSP, PDP and CASP are already present in early life in normotensive offspring of hypertensive parents, with possible differences in mechanism between different sexes.
Study site: Clinical Research Laboratory in Cyberjaya University College of Medical Sciences, Selangor, Malaysia

Matched MeSH terms: Blood Pressure/physiology*
A cross sectional study on the acceptance of pre-hospital continuous positive airway pressure ventilation among ambulance paramedic in an urban emergency medical service system in a developing country

Hafis MS, Johar MJ, Mahathar AW, Saiboon IM

Saudi Med J, 2014 Aug;35(8):855-60.
PMID: 25129186

To assess the acceptance among the developing country urban paramedics towards pre-hospital continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) ventilation.

Matched MeSH terms: Continuous Positive Airway Pressure*
Fulltext Comparative analysis of lycorine in wild plant and callus culture samples of Hymenocallis littoralis by HPLC-UV method

Subramaniam S, Sundarasekar J, Sahgal G, Murugaiyah V

ScientificWorldJournal, 2014;2014:408306.
PMID: 24895650 DOI: 10.1155/2014/408306

The Hymenocallis littoralis, an ornamental and medicinal plant, had been traditionally used for wound healing. In the present study, an analytical method using HPLC with ultraviolet detection was developed for the quantification of lycorine in the extracts of different parts of wild plant and tissue culture samples of H. littoralis. The separation was achieved using a reversed-phase column. The method was found to be accurate, repeatable, and sensitive for the quantification of minute amount of lycorine present in the samples. The highest lycorine content was found in the bulb extract (2.54 ± 0.02 μg/mg) whereas the least was in the root extract (0.71 ± 0.02 μg/mg) of the wild plants. Few callus culture samples had high content of lycorine, comparable to that of wild plants. The results showed that plant growth regulators, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) alone at 4.5 μM (2.58 ± 0.38 μg/mg) or a combination of 2,4-D at 9.00 μM with 4.5 μM of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), were the optimum concentrations for the production of high lycorine (2.45 ± 0.15 μg/mg) content in callus culture. The present analytical method could be of value for routine quantification of lycorine in the tissue culture production and standardization of the raw material or extracts of H. littoralis.

Matched MeSH terms: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods*
Molecular dynamics of thermoenzymes at high temperature and pressure: a review

Abedi Karjiban R, Lim WZ, Basri M, Abdul Rahman MB

Protein J, 2014 Aug;33(4):369-76.
PMID: 24871480 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-014-9568-8

Lipases are known for their versatility in addition to their ability to digest fat. They can be used for the formulation of detergents, as food ingredients and as biocatalysts in many industrial processes. Because conventional enzymes are frangible at high temperatures, the replacement of conventional chemical routes with biochemical processes that utilize thermostable lipases is vital in the industrial setting. Recent theoretical studies on enzymes have provided numerous fundamental insights into the structures, folding mechanisms and stabilities of these proteins. The studies corroborate the experimental results and provide additional information regarding the structures that were determined experimentally. In this paper, we review the computational studies that have described how temperature affects the structure and dynamics of thermoenzymes, including the thermoalkalophilic L1 lipase derived from Bacillus stearothermophilus. We will also discuss the potential of using pressure for the analysis of the stability of thermoenzymes because high pressure is also important for the processing and preservation of foods.

Matched MeSH terms: Pressure*
Validation of a reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography method for the determination of amino acids in gelatins by application of 6-aminoquinolyl-N-hydroxysuccinimidyl carbamate reagent

Azilawati MI, Hashim DM, Jamilah B, Amin I

J Chromatogr A, 2014 Aug 1;1353:49-56.
PMID: 24797394 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.04.050

In-house method validation was conducted to determine amino acid composition in gelatin by a pre-column derivatization procedure with the 6-aminoquinolyl-N-hydroxysuccinimidyl carbamate reagent. The analytical parameters revealed that the validated method was capable of selectively performing a good chromatographic separation for 18 amino acids in less than 40 min; the overall detection and quantitation limit for amino acids fell into ranges of 5.68-12.48 and 36.0-39.0 pmol/μl, respectively; the matrix effect was not observed, and the linearity range was 37.5-1000 pmol/μl. The accuracy (precision and recovery) analyses of the method were conducted under repeatable conditions on different days in random order. Method precision revealed by HorRat values was significantly less than 2, except for histidine with a precision of 2.19, and the method recoveries had a range of 80-115% except for alanine which was recovered at 79.4%. The findings were reproducible and accurately defined, and the method was found to be suited to routine analysis of amino acid composition in gelatin-based ingredients.

Matched MeSH terms: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods*
Fulltext Determination of carbamate and organophosphorus pesticides in vegetable samples and the efficiency of gamma-radiation in their removal

Chowdhury MA, Jahan I, Karim N, Alam MK, Abdur Rahman M, Moniruzzaman M, et al.

Biomed Res Int, 2014;2014:145159.
PMID: 24711991 DOI: 10.1155/2014/145159

In the present study, the residual pesticide levels were determined in eggplants (Solanum melongena) (n = 16), purchased from four different markets in Dhaka, Bangladesh. The carbamate and organophosphorus pesticide residual levels were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and the efficiency of gamma radiation on pesticide removal in three different types of vegetables was also studied. Many (50%) of the samples contained pesticides, and three samples had residual levels above the maximum residue levels determined by the World Health Organisation. Three carbamates (carbaryl, carbofuran, and pirimicarb) and six organophosphates (phenthoate, diazinon, parathion, dimethoate, phosphamidon, and pirimiphos-methyl) were detected in eggplant samples; the highest carbofuran level detected was 1.86 mg/kg, while phenthoate was detected at 0.311 mg/kg. Gamma radiation decreased pesticide levels proportionately with increasing radiation doses. Diazinon, chlorpyrifos, and phosphamidon were reduced by 40-48%, 35-43%, and 30-45%, respectively, when a radiation strength of 0.5 kGy was utilized. However, when the radiation dose was increased to 1.0 kGy, the levels of the pesticides were reduced to 85-90%, 80-91%, and 90-95%, respectively. In summary, our study revealed that pesticide residues are present at high amounts in vegetable samples and that gamma radiation at 1.0 kGy can remove 80-95% of some pesticides.

Matched MeSH terms: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods
Fulltext Effects of exercise training on postmenopausal hypertension: implications on nitric oxide levels

Khalid T, Nesreen E, Ramadhan O

Med J Malaysia, 2013 Dec;68(6):459-64.
PMID: 24632913

BACKGROUND: Postmenopausal hypertension is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in women. Exercise training has been proved to decrease its risk factors and cardiovascular events. Aerobic exercise training stimulates endothelial nitric oxide release that acts as an antithrombotic and is cardiovascular protective. The effect of aerobic exercise training on postmenopausal hypertension is not fully elucidated.

THE PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: to investigate the effects of moderate exercise training on nitric oxide levels in postmenopausal hypertension.

METHODS: A prospective, randomized, controlled trial was conducted on 30 postmenopausal women involved in this study. The participants had at least one year's history of postmenopausal hypertension. Their ages ranged (40-50) years. Their body mass index ranged (30-36 Kg/m(2)). They were divided into two equal groups (treatment and control). Nitric oxide levels and blood pressure were measured in both groups in the initial examination at the beginning of the study, and at the end of the study. The treatment group received moderate aerobic exercise training. This ranged from 60-70% of maximum heart rate by walking on a treadmill at an average speed of 4km/hour for at least 20 minutes, three sessions a week, for 8 weeks.

RESULTS: Body mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressures were statistically significantly decreased. Nitric oxide levels were significantly increased in the treatment group. In this group the level of NO increased by 30.4% and systolic blood pressure decreased by 16.2%. Diastolic blood pressure decreased by 9.5% and body mass index decreased by 6%. In the control group the NO level increased by 8%. Systolic blood pressure decreased by 3% and diastolic blood pressure decreased by 3%.

CONCLUSION: Exercise performed at moderate intensity for two months had obvious benefits in improving NO levels and controlling the hypertension in obese postmenopausal women.

Matched MeSH terms: Blood Pressure; Blood Pressure Determination
Fulltext Development and validation of a bioanalytical method for quantification of 2,6-bis-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-cyclohexanone (BHMC) in rat plasma

Lee YZ, Ming-Tatt L, Lajis NH, Sulaiman MR, Israf DA, Tham CL

Molecules, 2012 Dec 07;17(12):14555-64.
PMID: 23222902 DOI: 10.3390/molecules171214555

A sensitive and accurate high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet/visible light detection (HPLC-UV/VIS) method for the quantification of 2,6-bis-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-cyclohexanone (BHMC) in rat plasma was developed and validated. BHMC and the internal standard, harmaline, were extracted from plasma samples by a simple liquid-liquid extraction using 95% ethyl acetate and 5% methanol. Plasma concentration of BHMC and internal standard were analyzed by reversed phase chromatography using a C₁₈ column (150 × 4.6 mm I.D., particle size 5 µm) and elution with a gradient mobile phase of water and methanol at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. Detection of BHMC and internal standard was done at a wavelength of 380 nm. The limit of quantification was 0.02 µg/mL. The calibration curves was linear (R² > 0.999) over the concentration range of 0.02-2.5 µg/mL. Intra- and inter-day precision were less than 2% coefficient of variation. The validated method was then applied to a pharmacokinetic study in rats by intravenous administration of BHMC at a single dose of 10 mg/kg. Pharmacokinetic parameters such as half-life, maximum plasma concentration, volume of distribution, clearance and elimination rate constant for BHMC were calculated.

Matched MeSH terms: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid*

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