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Fulltext A cross-sectional evaluation of nutritional status among paediatric oncology patients in Hospital Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. [Kajian rintis penilaian status pemakanan di kalangan pesakit onkologi pediatrik di Hospital Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia]

Noor Aini Mohd. Yusoff, Zalina Abu Zaid, Raiza Sham, Rosita Jamaluddin, Suzana Shahar, A. Rahman A. Jamal

Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia, 2007;5(1):47-58.
MyJurnal

Malnutrition is common among pediatric oncology patients. Factors contributing to malnutrition include physiological abnormalities, response to the tumors and side effects of the treatment. A pilot study was carried out to determine the nutritional status of 17 pediatric oncology patients aged 4 to 12 years old in Hospital Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur. The
nutritional status was assessed via anthropometric measurements and dietary intake through 3 days repeatitive 24 hours diet recall with subjects and their carers. Biochemical profiles (serum albumin and hemoglobin) were reviewed from the medical record. Through anthropometry measurements, weight and height were used to calculate Z-scores and further determine the percentile weight-for-age, height-for-age using NCHS percentile charts (WHO 1983). Frisancho’s standards (1981) were used to define malnutrition based on MUACfor- age. Underweight as determined using z scores below -2 for weight-for-age was observed in 70.6% of the subjects. Whilst, 76.5% of the subjects were classified as stunted (z score < –2) for height-for-age. Based on MUAC-for-age percentile, the sign of severe malnutrition category (<5 percentile) was observed in 35.3% of the subject and 23.6% of the subject were in the moderate malnutrition (>5 – <10 percentile). About 70.6% of the subject had low haemoglobin (< 11 g/dl) and 29.4% of the subject were hypoalbuminemia (< 35 g/dl) . Total macronutrient intake was assessed and compared with the individual requirement (Seashore 1984) for energy and protein intake were satisfactory, except for subjects in age group 10 – 12 years who achieved only 70% of the individuals requirements. As a conclusion, although food intake of the subjects was satisfactory but chronic malnutrition was prevalent. Early recognition of malnutrition is essential in order to plan for a nutritional intervention and further enhancing the quality of life.
Key words: Nutritional status, pediatric oncology, anthropometric, dietary intake, biochemical profile.
Fulltext Construct validity of postgraduate conjoint assessment of master of surgery program of School of Medical Sciences at USM

Shahid Hassan, Ahmad Fuad Abdul Rahim, Mohamad Najib Mat Pa, Mohd Nor Gohar Rahman, Muhamad Saiful Bahri Yusoff

Education in Medicine Journal, 2012;4(2):65-79.
MyJurnal

Introduction: A clear concept and understanding about the measure and the measuring tools is essential for good practice of assessment. Assessors need to have information about the full range of assessment tools inclusive of psychometric validity and purpose of its use. Subjective inferences drawn from the readily available data as numbers of summative scores over the years and statistical evidences of reliability and validity of assessment tools used to measure student’s performance are good sources of feedback for competent assessment program. It also provides meaningful evaluation of learning and teaching in medical education. Method: A retrospective study of 119 candidates was carried out to analyze the summative assessment scores of their certifying examination of Masters of Surgery in School of Medical Sciences (SMS) at Universiti Sains Malaysia. Subjective judgment of raw data followed by internal consistency as reliability, convergent validity and discriminant validity as constructs of individual assessment tool was analyzed. Finally each assessment tool as a measure of written or clinical construct was evaluated against six aspects of Messick’s criteria for quality control. Result: The correlation coefficient for validity and Cronbach’s alpha for reliability was evaluated for clinical measures. However, the test of internal reliability was not possible for essay being the only measure in written construct of summative assessment in surgery. All measures of clinical construct were found highly reliable with Cronbach’s alpha between 0.962-0.979. Long case and the short cases have shown excellent correlations (r=0.959 at p
Fulltext Activation characteristics of the primary motor (M1) and supplementary motor (SMA) areas during robust unilateral finger tapping task

Ahmad Nazlim Yusoff, Mazlyfarina Mohamad, Khairiah Abdul Hamid, Aini Ismafairus Abd Hamid, Hanani Abdul Manan, Mohd Harith Hashim

Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia, 2010;8(2):43-49.
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This study investigated the functional specialisation characteristics of brain in multiple right-hand dominant subjects pertaining to the activation of the cerebral motor cortices evoked by unilateral finger tapping, especially in primary motor (M1) and supplementary motor (SMA) areas. This multiple-subject study used unilateral (UNIright and UNIleft) selfpaced tapping of hand fingers to activate the M1 and SMA. Brain activation characteristics were analysed using statistical parametric mapping (SPM). Activation for UNIright and UNIleft showed the involvement of contralateral and ipsilateral M1 and SMA. A larger activation area but with a lower percentage of signal change (PSC) were observed in the left M1 due to the control on UNIright (4164 voxels at a = 0.001, PSC = 1.650) as compared to the right M1 due to the control on UNIleft (2012 voxels at a = 0.001, PSC = 2.377). This is due to the influence of the tapping rate effects which is greater than what could be produced by the average effects of the dominant and sub-dominant hands. The significantly higher PSC value observed in the right M1 (p < 0.05) is due to a higher control demand used by the brain in coordinating the tapping of the sub-dominant fingers. The findings obtained from this study showed strong evidence of the existence of brain functional specialisation and could be used as baseline references in determining the most probable motor pathways in a sample of subjects.
Fulltext Do pregnant women in Penang smoke? A cross sectional study among antenatal mothers attending Penang government health clinic in the year 2002

Mohd Yusoff Hasim, Rokiah Mohd, Rafidah Md Noor, Azizah Abd. Manan, Abd. Jamil Ahmad, Munsyi Abdullah, et al.

Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 2003;3(1):36-41.
MyJurnal

Health impact related to smoking is a critical public health predicament especially in pregnancy. However there is not much data available to describe the magnitude of the problem. Hence this study was conducted to determine the prevalence of smoking and its socioeconomic factors among antenatal mother and their opinion related to tobacco control measures. A cross sectional study was carried out involving newly registered antenatal mothers attending all government health clinics in Penang. Prevalence of ever smoking among antenatal mother is 1.4%, of which 42.4% is still smoking at first antenatal visit. It was found that single mothers are more likely to smoke (OR, 14.23: C12.52-53.27). It was also noted that spouse smoking (OR, 5,14: CI 1.95-17.09), primigravida (OR, 2.7: C1 1.3-5.62), age group less than 30 years old (OR, 2.41; CI 1.03-6.09) and living in urban area (OR, 2.33; CI 1.01 — 6.47) have a higher risk to indulge in smoking behaviour. Muslim OR 0.29; C1 0.14 - 0.60) and Malay (OR 0.22; CI 0.10 - 0.47) pregnant mothers are noted to be less likely to smoke as compared to non Muslim and non Malay. More than 85% of them agreed with the tobacco control measures regardless of their smoking status. Most of respondents agreed the influential people in community L;11T · such as medical personnel, teachers and parents should not smoke.
Fulltext Functional specialisation and effective connectivity in cerebral motor cortices: an fMRI study on seven right handed female subjects

Ahmad Nazlim Yusoff, Mazlyfarina Mohamad, Aini Ismafairus Abd Hamid, Wan Ahmad Kamil Wan Abdullah, Mohd Harith Hashim, Nurul Zafirah Zulkifli

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2010;6(2):71-92.
MyJurnal

Objective: This study investigates functional specialisation in, and effective connectivity between the
precentral gyrus (PCG) and supplementary motor area (SMA) in seven right handed female subjects.
Methods: Unimanual (UNIright and UNIleft) and bimanual (BIM) self-paced tapping of hand fingers were
performed by the subjects to activate PCG and SMA. Brain activations and effective connectivity were
analysed using statistical parametric mapping (SPM), dynamic causal modeling (DCM) and Bayesian
model selection (BMS) and were reported based on group fixed (FFX) and random (RFX) effects
analyses. Results: Group results showed that the observed brain activation for UNIright and UNIleft fulfill contralateral behavior of motor coordination with a larger activation area for UNIright. The activation for BIM occurs in both hemispheres with BIMright showing higher extent of activation as compared to BIMleft. Region of interest (ROI) analyses reveal that the number of activated voxel (NOV) and percentage of signal change (PSC) on average is higher in PCG than SMA for all tapping conditions. However, comparing between hemispheres for both UNI and BIM, higher PSC is observed in the right PCG and the left SMA. DCM and BMS results indicate that most subjects prefer PCG as the intrinsic input for UNIright and UNIleft. The input was later found to be bi-directionally connected to SMA for UNIright. The bi-directional model was then used for BIM in the left and right hemispheres. The model was in favour of six out of seven subjects. DCM results for BIM indicate the existence of interhemispheric connectivity between the right and left hemisphere PCG. Conclusion: The findings strongly support the existence of functional specialisation and integration i.e. effective connectivity in human brain during finger tapping and can be used as baselines in determining the probable motor coordination pathways and their connection strength in a population of subjects.
Fulltext Using computational fluid dynamics in the determination of solar collector orientation and stack height of a solar induced ventilation prototype

Yusoff, W. F. M., Sapian, A. R., Salleh, E., Adam, N. M., Hamzah, Z., Mamat, M. H. H.

Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2014;22(1):273-288.
MyJurnal

Stack ventilation in the hot and humid climate is inherently inefficient due to minimal air temperature differences between indoor and outdoor environment of a naturally ventilated building. Solar induced ventilation is a viable alternative in enhancing this stack ventilation. This paper aims to demonstrate investigations on the effective solar collector orientation and stack height for a solar induced ventilation prototype that utilizes roof solar collector and vertical stack. The orientation of the solar collector is significant as it determines the amount of solar radiation absorbed by the solar collector. Meanwhile, the height of the vertical stack influences the creation of the stack pressure in inducing air movement. Investigations were executed using a simulation modelling software called FloVENT. The validation of the simulation modelling against physical experiment indicated a good agreement between these two results. Analyses were executed on the air temperature increments inside the solar collector. A high increment of the air temperature resulted in the effective orientation. Meanwhile, the air temperature and mass flow rate of the various heights of the vertical stack were also analyzed. The findings concluded that the recommended orientation for the prototype’s solar collector is the west-facing orientation. It was also found that the higher the vertical stack, the lower the air temperature inside the stack would be, but with greater induced mass flow rate.
Fulltext Local oscillator parameter estimation of collaborative beamforming nodes

Umar Suleiman Dauda, Nik Noordini Nik Abdl Malik, Mazlina Esa, Mohd Fairus Mohd Yusoff, Mohamed Rijal Hamid

Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Sciences and Engineering Technology, 2017;6(1):1-8.
MyJurnal

Parameter estimation of complex exponential signals corrupted by additive white
Gaussian noise (AWGN) is crucial in the study of distributed beamforming in a practical
scenario. Near zero (0) phase offset are expected at the receiver end which rely on the
smoothing and correction of the frequency and phase estimates. Neither
computational complexity nor the processing latency has an effect on the expected
zero phase offset but the estimation accuracy does. Thus, the maximum likelihood
estimator (MLE) using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) approach is being considered for
cases with none and post processing in locating of the maximum peaks. Details on how
the phase estimates are arrived at is not always covered in literatures but explained in
the article. Numerical results obtained showed that global maximum peaks are arrived
at by employing a fine search with higher values of FFT.
Fulltext Hb E syndrome with co-inheritance of Hb H-Constant Spring and compound beta thalassaemia: a diagnostic challenge

Wan Zuhairah Wan Embong, Rosnah Bahar, Wan Zaidah Abdullah, Marini Ramli, Noor Haslina Mohd Noor, Shafini Mohamed Yusoff

Journal of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, 2017;2(202):49-51.
MyJurnal

An 11- month-old girl with accidental findings of pale and hepatosplenomegaly. She was the last child of three siblings from a non-consanguineous marriage. The father and the mother were Hb E trait and Hb Constant Spring (Hb CS) trait respectively. Clinically the child was small for age with frontal bossing and hepatosplenomegaly. Sytemic examination was unremarkable. Her full blood picture showed moderate hypochromic microcytic anaemia with marked anisopoikilocytosis (Hb of 7.1g/dl, MCV of 44.6 fl, with MCH of 13.8 pg and RDW-CV of 24.0%). Quantitation of haemoglobin by using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and gel electrophoresis report showed that the patient has compound heterozygous E/ß+ thalassaemia with Hb H-CS. She had increased of Hb A2/E (28.9%), and Hb F (11.2%) with presence of pre-run peak and a tiny peak at C window. Gel Electrophoresis by using agarose gel at alkaline pH discovered prominent A2 band and fast band to the left of Hb A band. H inclusions were positive. Further confirmation of diagnosis was done by molecular study. Alpha molecular study using Multiplex GAP PCR showed heterozygous --/SEA deletion (Fig. 1), while beta molecular study using Multiplex Amplification Refractory Mutation Systems (ARMS) revealed Cd 26 (G-A) and CAP +1 (A-C) mutations [Fig. 2]

Hemoglobin (Hb) E is common in Southeast Asia [1]. HbE disorders may be found heterozygous (AE) which usually asymptomatic, homozygous (EE) and compound heterozygous state with widely variable clinical features, ranging from transfusion dependence to a complete absence of symptoms [2]. Considering her history, clinical findings and investigations, the most likely diagnosis in our case is Compound heterozygous E/ß+ thalassaemia with Hb H-CS. She had moderate hypochromic microcytic anaemia, raised Hb A2/E and Hb F with presence of pre-run peak and a tiny peak at C window support the diagnosis. Unfortunately, we’re unable to confirm the presence of Hb CS in view of no modalities available in our setting. However, with the family history of mother with Hb CS trait, the presence of Hb CS in this patient cannot be denied as a factor contributing to Hb H disease. Previous study reported Hemoglobin Constant Spring is often missed by routine laboratory testing, especially in subjects with co-inheritance of β-thalassaemia or β-variants. Hb CS detection clearly seen in capillary electrophoresis compared to HPLC [3]. As in this case only a very tiny peak of Hb CS noted on the HPLC. The molecular analysis for detection of Hb CS should be performed as for confirmation test. Hb H-CS has a severe phenotype than a deletional Hb H disease [4]. The diagnosis was confirmed by molecular analysis. Hence, genetic testing and family study are of particular importance to establish the exact genetic defect causing the abnormal Hb in this patient.

In view of thalassaemia is common in our region, it is important to identify complete genotyping to provide proper management, make clinical predictions and improve genetic counseling.
Fulltext The Haemoglobin G Makassar (Codon 6 GAG>GCG) cases in Malaysia: molecular identification and characterization

Khor, Sok Fang, Ezalia Esa, Nur Aisyah Aziz, Faidatul Syazlin Abdul Hamid, Yuslina Mat Yusoff, Zubaidah Zakaria

Journal of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, 2017;2(202):52-53.
MyJurnal

The aims of this study are to identify and characterize the Haemoglobin G Makassar. Haemoglobin G Makassar was identified in Makassar, Sulawesi (Celebes), Indonesia in 1969 and has been reported in a family of Thai origin in 2002. Haemoglobin G Makassar was found to share identical properties with haemoglobin S in routine haemoglobin separation by cation-exchange HPLC. It is therefore, patients with Haemoglobin G Makassar and Haemoglobin S may sometimes be mistakenly identified for each other.

There were four cases identified from year 2015 to 2016 in Peninsular Malaysia by Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Institute for Medical Research. All patients were asymptomatic with mild hypochromic microcytic anaemia. All patients were analysis with Haemoglobin S trait. Analysis by Capillary Electrophoresis showed that these patients had 39.9 to 44.0% of haemoglobin variant in zone S. Alpha and Beta globin gene analysis were performed on these samples.

DNA sequence analysis, revealed a single nucleotide substitution GAG to GCG at codon 6 of the beta-globin gene (Glu>Ala), indicating of Haemoglobin G Makassar for all the patients (Fig. 1). All patients were positive with Haemoglobin S trait. Multiple Amplification Refractory Mutation System (MARMS) PCR for Haemoglobin S was negative in all cases. However alpha-globin gene analysis showed that two of them had single alpha deletion (α3.7). The mean reading for HGB is 11.95 g/dL, for MCV is 72.1 fL and for MCH is 23.65 pg which all are lower than normal peoples.

The screening method may mistakenly identify Haemoglobin G Makassar as Haemoglobin S. Therefore identification and characterization of Haemoglobin G Makassar by several molecular methods such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequence analysis are necessary for confirmation of the diagnosis.
Fulltext Residence time distribution (RTD) in operating plant:a review

Noraishah Othman, Nor Pa’iza Mohamad Hasan, Nazrul Hizam Yusoff, Mohd Amirul Syafiq Mohd Yunos, Engku Mohd Fahmi Engku Chik

Jurnal Sains Nuklear Malaysia, 2016;28(2):30-36.
MyJurnal

Radiotracer technology is a technique of radioactive injection into the systemand the detection is done using radiationdetector.It is alsoa tool for investigating and solving plant process problems namely process malfunctions andmechanical damages. Radiotracer is the most preferred stimulus response techniques in the industries due to its non-invasive application and on line monitoring capabilities, which avoid shut down of the plant. Radiotracer techniques have many advantages, such as high detection sensitivity, in-situ detection, availability of a wide range of compatible radiotracers for different phases, rapid response and high reliability and accuracy of the results. The residence time distribution (RTD) is one of the important parameters that can provide information on the characteristics or hydrodynamics of the nuclear reactor. In this paper, the overall review is presented in brief regarding radiotracer technology in plant operation.
Fulltext A study of occupational noise exposure among public transportation workers in Malaysia

Siti Norhafiza Abd Razak, Nurul Hazwani Mohd Yusoff, Farah Hana Mukhtar, Norsehah Abdul Karim, Noor Hasyimah Abu Rahim

Journal of Occupational Safety and Health, 2015;12(1):69-72.
MyJurnal

Working for a minimum of 8 hours, 6 days a week might have exposed the workers of public transportation to
high noise risks. However, occupational exposures in their workplace have not been adequately characterized and
identified. Assessment of occupational noise exposure among workers at five public transportation stations was made
using Sound Level Meter and through questionnaire survey. The data obtained was combined to estimate the work
shift exposure level and health impacts to the workers by using statistical analysis. The respondents participated in the
survey to identify the symptoms of noise-induced hearing loss and other health-related problems. Results of the study
indicated that occupational noise exposure among workers for Mean Continuous Equivalent Level, Leq= 76.17 dB(A)
presents small risks of developing a hearing disability. Some of the workers show symptoms of noise-induced hearing
loss and are annoyed by the sources of noise present at the public transportation.
Fulltext Male reproductive system

Assi, Mohammed Abdulrazzaq, Abdul Wahid Haron, Md Sabri Mohd Yusoff, Mohammed Ali Rajion, Mohd Hezmee Mohd Noor

The Pertanika Journal of Scholarly Research Reviews, 2017;3(1):1-16.
MyJurnal

The overall reproductive process consists of both the human sex organs which include the male and female reproductive system. The ability to produce offsprings that have similar characteristic as their parents is the goal of reproduction. The sexual type of reproduction takes place in human and both male and female reproductive system is required. Male reproductive system is mainly concerned with production of semen (whitish viscous fluid emitted from the male reproductive tract that contains sperm and fluids) and transferring it into the female reproductive tract. In this review, we will discuss the latest findings in the research pertaining the male reproductive system and its contribution towards the research in advancement of reproductive physiology.
Fulltext Metabolic, inflammatory, and oxidative stress markers in women exposed to secondhand smoke

Siti Hajar MH, Zulkefli S, Juwita S, Norhayati MN, Siti Suhaila MY, Rasool AHG, et al.

PeerJ, 2018;6:e5758.
PMID: 30356972 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5758

Background: Secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure has adverse effects on the cardiovascular system. This study aimed to determine the effects of SHS on the cardiovascular disease biomarkers, namely the metabolic, inflammatory, and oxidative stress markers in healthy adult women.
Methods: This comparative cross-sectional study was conducted among healthy women. The cases included those women exposed to SHS, and the controls included those women not exposed to SHS. SHS exposure was defined as being exposed to SHS for at least 15 min for 2 days per week. Venous blood was taken to measure the metabolic markers (high molecular weight adiponectin, insulin level, insulin resistance, and nonesterified fatty acids), oxidative stress markers (oxidized low density lipoprotein cholesterol and 8-isoprostane), and inflammatory markers (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and interleukin-6). A hair nicotine analysis was also performed. An analysis of covariance and a simple linear regression analysis were conducted.
Results: There were 101 women in the SHS exposure group and 91 women in the non-SHS exposure group. The mean (with standard deviation) of the hair nicotine levels was significantly higher in the SHS exposure group when compared to the non-SHS exposure group [0.22 (0.62) vs. 0.04 (0.11) ng/mg; P = 0.009]. No significant differences were observed in the high molecular weight adiponectin, insulin and insulin resistance, nonesterified fatty acids, 8-isoprostane, oxidized low density lipoprotein cholesterol, interleukin-6, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein between the two groups. The serum high molecular weight adiponectin was negatively associated with the insulin level and insulin resistance in the women exposed to SHS. However, no significant relationships were seen between the high molecular weight adiponectin and nonesterified fatty acids, 8-isoprostane, oxidized low density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in the SHS group.
Discussion: There were no significant differences in the metabolic, oxidative stress, and inflammatory markers between the SHS exposure and non-SHS exposure healthy women. A low serum level of high molecular weight adiponectin was associated with an increased insulin level and resistance in the women exposed to SHS.
Fulltext The linkage between associates and drug addiction: case study on Chow Kit road

Mohd Alif Jasni, Siti Hajar Abu Bakar Ah, Jal Zabdi Mohd Yusoff, Khairiyah Md Shahid, Noralina Omar, Zaiton Azman

Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2018;3(2):146-158.
MyJurnal

The return of ex-prisoners who were released from prison into an environment filled with fellow
friends could lead to negative influences such as drug addiction and crime repetition among former
prisoners. This paper has been derived from a doctorate study studying the repeatition of crimes that
occurred among former prisoners in Malaysia. The findings of the study have found that former
prisoners often return to their fellow members due to family absence. This study has been used
qualitative methods by interviewing 16 ex-prisoners identified through the technique of snowball
sampling. The finding revealed that all these former prisoners from different state were concentrated
around the Chow Kit road. Addiction, as a result of invitation process by friends. This situation are
make the study to proven relationship between the influence of friends and drug abused among the
former prisoners.
Evaluation of organ at risk (OAR) doses based on 2D treatment planning in intracavitary brachytherapy of cervical cancer

Reduan Abdullah, Nur Aqilah Abdul Sani, Chen Suk Chiang, Mazurawati Mohamed, Nik Ruzman Nik Idris, Ahmad Lutfi Yusoff, et al.

Sains Malaysiana, 2015;44:1145-1151.

Conventional two-dimensional (2D) treatment planning of intracavitary brachytherapy is still a common practice at the radiotherapy center. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the organ at risk (OAR) doses estimated based on International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements (ICRU) reference-point in patients with cervical cancer treated with high-dose-rate (HDR) intracavitary brachytherapy (ICBT). Between January 2010 and April 2014, 21 cervical cancer patients were treated with 42 fractions of brachytherapy using tandem and ovoids and underwent post-implant two-dimensional (2D) radiograph scans. HDR brachytherapy was delivered to a dose of 18 Gy in two fractions. Using the Oncentra brachytherapy treatment planning system (BTPS) software version 4.1 (Nucletron, Netherlands), the bladder and rectum points were retrospectively reconstructed based on 42 orthogonal radiographs datasets. The ICRU bladder and rectum point doses were recorded. As for results, the mean percentage dose of rectum and bladder for selected patients treated with intracavitary brachytherapy treatment (ICBT) were 47.27 and 75.59%, respectively. Combinations of ovoid’s size, length of tandem and anatomy variation between each patient were factors that affected the dose to the OAR. Therefore, the ICRU reference points can still be used with the 2D brachytherapy treatment planning in evaluating the OAR doses.
Fulltext Effects of Ultrasound Assisted Sequential Extraction (UASE) of Moringa Oleifera Leaves extract on MCF 7 human breast cell line

Poobalan, Kumararoobini, Lim, Vuanghao, Nik Nur Syazni Nik Mohamed Kamal, Nor Adlin Yusoff, Kang Zi Khor, Nozlena Abdul Samad

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2018;14(102):1-5.
MyJurnal

Breast cancer is the leading factor of mortality among women globally. According to the World Health Organization (2015), breast cancer is the second most common cancer after lung cancer; and contributes to nearly 15% of all cancer death among women in 2015. Moringa oleifera (M. oleifera) is a highly nutritious vegetable with various therapeutic benefits including anticancer. The therapeutic benefits are attributed to its bioactive compounds. Thus, study on the bioactive compounds of M. oleifera using various extraction methods with different extracting solvents have been the main focus of many researchers. Methods: The current study was carried out using Ultrasound Assisted Sequential Extraction (UASE) method and three extracting solvents (99.7% ethanol, 50% ethanol and deionised water) with ascending polarity. The yielded extracts were tested for possible anticancer effects against human breast adenocarcinoma cell line, MCF-7 and non-tumorigenic cell line, MCF-10A using microtitrate tetrazolium (MTT) assay. Results: The IC50 values of the 99.7% ethanol, 50% ethanol and deionised water extracts were 25, 200 and 180 μg/mL, respectively. Conclusion: M. oleifera could be a potential preventative and/or therapeutic agent for breast cancer, either used alone or as an adjunct to the standard chemotherapeutic drugs.
Pemerolehan, analisis dan interpretasi data fMRI: kehubungan efektif dalam korteks auditori primer manusia

Ahmad Nazlim Yusoff, Mazlyfarina Mohamad, Khairiah Abdul Hamid, Aini Ismafairus Abd Hamid, Siti Zamratol-Mai Sarah Mukari

Sains Malaysiana, 2011;40:1123-1127.

Kajian ke atas sifat kehubungan efektif dalam korteks auditori dilakukan ke atas lima orang subjek Melayu lelaki sihat berumur antara 20 hingga 40 tahun menggunakan pengimejan resonans magnet kefungsian (fMRI), pemetaan statistik berparameter (SPM5) dan pemodelan dinamik penyebab (DCM). Paradigma pengimejan senyap digunakan untuk mengurangkan artifak bunyi pengimbas di atas imej kefungsian. Subjek dikehendaki menumpukan perhatian kepada stimulus hingar putih yang diperdengarkan secara binaural pada keamatan 70 dB lebih tinggi daripada aras pendengaran manusia normal. Pengkhususan kefungsian dikaji menggunakan perisian SPM5 yang berasaskan Matlab melalui analisis kesan malar (FFX), kesan rawak (RFX) dan konjunksi. Analisis individu ke atas semua subjek menunjukkan pengaktifan bilateral yang tidak simetri di antara korteks auditori kanan dan kiri pada kawasan Brodmann (BA)22, 41 dan 42 melibatkan korteks auditori primer dan sekunder. Tiga kawasan auditori di korteks auditori kanan dan kiri tersebut dipilih untuk penentuan kehubungan efektif melalui pembentukan sembilan model rangkaian. Kehubungan efektif ditentukan ke atas empat daripada lima subjek dengan mengecualikan seorang subjek yang mempunyai koordinat BA22 yang terletak terlalu jauh daripada koordinat BA22 yang diperoleh daripada analisis kumpulan. Keputusan DCM menunjukkan kewujudan kehubungan efektif di antara ketiga-tiga kawasan auditori yang dipilih di kedua-dua korteks auditori. Pada korteks auditori kanan, BA42 dikenalpasti sebagai pusat masukan dengan kehubungan efektif satu arah selari BA42 → BA41 dan BA42 → BA22. Walau bagaimanapun, untuk korteks auditori kiri, pusat masukan adalah BA41 dengan kehubungan efektif satu arah selari BA41→BA42 dan BA41→BA22. Kehubungan di antara kawasan auditori yang mengalami pengaktifan mencadangkan kewujudan lintasan isyarat dalam korteks auditori walaupun semasa subjek mendengar bunyi hingar.
In vitro and in vivo evaluation of streptomyces suppressions against anthracnose in chili caused by colletotrichum

Shahbazi P, Md Yusoff Musa, Tan AGY, Farhat Ahmadi Avin, Teo AWF, Sabaratnam V

Sains Malaysiana, 2014;43:697-705.

The isolation of 66 streptomycetes from rhizosphere soil of chili plants was done for their inhibitory activities against three different dominant species of Colletotrichum namely C. acutatum, C. gloeosporioides and C. capsici. Twenty one streptomycetes strains were active against at least one of the Colletotrichum species. In addition, ten strains that inhibited the in vitro growth of Colletotrichum species showed chitinase activity. Strain P42, which displayed the highest inhibitory activity against all three anthracnose fungi species and high chitinase activity was tested as biological control agent in a greenhouse study. The strain successfully controlled chili anthracnose disease by significantly reducing the disease severity. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain P42 belongs to the Streptomyces rochei clade. The results of the current study showed that rhizosphere-derived soil of chili plants is an important source of bioactive streptomycetes which are antagonistic against Colletotrichum.
Decolorization and Mineralization of Batik Wastewater through Solar Photocatalytic Process

Wan Fadhilah Khalik, Ong SA, Wong YS, Nik Athirah Yusoff, Fahmi Ridwan, Ho LN

Sains Malaysiana, 2015;44:607-612.

In this study, the photocatalytic degradation of batik wastewater in the presence of zinc oxide (ZnO) as photocatalyst was
investigated. The effect of various operating parameters, such as pH of batik wastewater, catalyst dosage and aeration
on the photocatalytic degradation process, was examined. The mineralization of batik wastewater was also evaluated
through chemical oxygen demand analysis. The decolorization of batik wastewater was enhanced at acidic conditions
(pH3) which was 88.2% after 10 h irradiated under solar light, meanwhile its mineralization was 286 mg/L after 12 h
irradiation time. The data obtained for photocatalytic degradation of batik wastewater was well fitted with the LangmuirHinshelwood
kinetic model. It can be concluded that batik wastewater could be decolorized and mineralized under solar
light irradiation with presence of ZnO.
Fulltext Vascular Endothelial Growth factor expression in Renal Cell Carcinoma

Norhafizah Mohtarrudin, Mhd Shidee Mhd Nasir, Rosila Abu Bakar, Malina Osman, Koey, Peng Mun, Suryati Mohd Yusoff

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2018;14(103):1-5.
MyJurnal

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common renal malignancies. In advanced stage, it is highly resistant to systemic therapies. RCC is a highly vascular tumour and angiogenesis pathway has been postulated in its carcinogenesis. Novel drug targeting Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and advanced surgical interventions have shown to increase the overall patients’ survival. In this study, we evaluated the VEGF expression of RCC using immunohistochemistry technique and its potential correlation with the tumour grades. Methods: 40 RCC cases that underwent nephrectomy were selected. The archived samples of formalin fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) were retrieved. The tumour tissue blocks were carefully chosen, sectioned and stained with VEGF using immunohistochemistry technique. The intensity of VEGF expression was scored as 0 (negative), 1+ (weak), 2+ (moderate) or 3+ (strong). Results: Majority of the RCC cases were male, with male to female ratio of 2.1:1. Mean patient age was 56.2 years (age ranged between 16 to 74 years). Most of the cases were Malays (42.5 %). VEGF was expressed in 36 (90%) of RCC cases. Among the 36 cases that were immunopositive, 8 (16.7%) were grade 1, 20 (55.6%) grade 2 and 8 (16.7%) grade 3. There was no significant association between VEGF expressions score and grades of RCC (p=0.39). Conclusion: VEGF was expressed in majority of RCC cases although there was no significant association with tumour grades.

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