Displaying publications 61 - 80 of 181 in total

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  1. Tolterodine Tartrate Proniosomal Gel Transdermal Delivery for Overactive Bladder
    Rajabalaya R, Leen G, Chellian J, Chakravarthi S, David SR
    Pharmaceutics, 2016;8(3).
    PMID: 27589789 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics8030027
    The goal of this study was to formulate and evaluate side effects of transdermal delivery of proniosomal gel compared to oral tolterodine tartrate (TT) for the treatment of overactive bladder (OAB). Proniosomal gels are surfactants, lipids and soy lecithin, prepared by coacervation phase separation. Formulations were analyzed for drug entrapment efficiency (EE), vesicle size, surface morphology, attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, in vitro skin permeation, and in vivo effects. The EE was 44.87%-91.68% and vesicle size was 253-845 nm for Span formulations and morphology showed a loose structure. The stability and skin irritancy test were also carried out for the optimized formulations. Span formulations with cholesterol-containing formulation S1 and glyceryl distearate as well as lecithin containing S3 formulation showed higher cumulative percent of permeation such as 42% and 35%, respectively. In the in vivo salivary secretion model, S1 proniosomal gel had faster recovery, less cholinergic side effect on the salivary gland compared with that of oral TT. Histologically, bladder of rats treated with the proniosomal gel formulation S1 showed morphological improvements greater than those treated with S3. This study demonstrates the potential of proniosomal vesicles for transdermal delivery of TT to treat OAB.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fourier Analysis
  2. Fulltext Physico-mechanical, thermal and morphological properties of furfuryl alcohol/2-ethylhexyl methacrylate/halloysite nanoclay wood polymer nanocomposites (WPNCs)
    Rahman MR, Hamdan S, Lai JCH, Jawaid M, Yusof FABM
    Heliyon, 2017 Jul;3(7):e00342.
    PMID: 28725868 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2017.e00342
    In this study, the physical, morphological, mechanical and thermal properties of furfuryl alcohol/2-ethylhexyl methacrylate/halloysite nanoclay wood polymer nanocomposites (FA-co-EHMA-HNC WPNCs) were investigated. FA-co-EHMA-HNC WPNCs were prepared via an impregnation method and the properties of the nanocomposites were characterized through the weight percent gain, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), three-point flexural test, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis and moisture absorption test. The weight percent gain in the 50:50 FA-co-EHMA-HNC WPNC was the highest compared with the raw wood (RW) and other WPNCs. The FT-IR results confirmed that polymerization took place in the nanocomposites, especially 50:50 FA-co-EHMA-HNC WPNC, which had a reduced amount of hydroxyl groups. The SEM results revealed that the 50:50 FA-co-EHMA-HNC WPNC had the smoothest and most uniform surface among all of the nanocomposites. The 50:50 FA-co-EHMA-HNC WPNC showed the highest flexural strength and modulus of elasticity. The results revealed that the storage modulus and loss modulus of the FA-co-EHMA-HNC WPNCs were higher and the tan δ of FA-co-EHMA-HNC WNPCs was lower compared with the RW. The FA-co-EHMA-HNC WPNCs exhibited the higher thermal stability in the TGA and DSC analysis. The 50:50 FA-co-EHMA-HNC WPNC exhibited remarkably lower moisture absorption compared with the RW. Overall, this study proved that the ratio 50:50 FA-co-EHMA ratio was the most suitable for introduction in the in the RW.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fourier Analysis
  3. Status, source identification, and health risks of potentially toxic element concentrations in road dust in a medium-sized city in a developing country
    Praveena SM, Aris AZ
    Environ Geochem Health, 2018 Apr;40(2):749-762.
    PMID: 28929262 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-017-0021-8
    This study aims to determine the status of potentially toxic element concentrations of road dust in a medium-sized city (Rawang, Malaysia). This study adopts source identification via enrichment factor, Pearson correlation analysis, and Fourier spectral analysis to identify sources of potentially toxic element concentrations in road dust in Rawang City, Malaysia. Health risk assessment was conducted to determine potential health risks (carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks) among adults and children via multiple pathways (i.e., ingestion, dermal contact, and inhalation). Mean of potentially toxic element concentrations were found in the order of Pb > Zn > Cr(IV) > Cu > Ni > Cd > As > Co. Source identification revealed that Cu, Cd, Pb, Zn, Ni, and Cr(IV) are associated with anthropogenic sources in industrial and highly populated areas in northern and southern Rawang, cement factories in southern Rawang, as well as the rapid development and population growth in northwestern Rawang, which have resulted in high traffic congestion. Cobalt, Fe, and As are related to geological background and lithologies in Rawang. Pathway orders for both carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks are ingestion, dermal contact, and inhalation, involving adults and children. Non-carcinogenic health risks in adults were attributed to Cr(IV), Pb, and Cd, whereas Cu, Cd, Cr(IV), Pb, and Zn were found to have non-carcinogenic health risks for children. Cd, Cr(IV), Pb, and As may induce carcinogenic risks in adults and children, and the total lifetime cancer risk values exceeded incremental lifetime.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fourier Analysis
  4. Linear low density polyethylene/poly (vinyl alcohol)/kenaf composites: effect of natural weathering on functional group, weight loss characteristics, tensile, morphological and thermal properties
    Pang AL, Azhar Abu Bakar, Hanafi Ismail
    Sains Malaysiana, 2018;47:571-580.
    The development of natural fiber polymer composites is increasing worldwide and in some applications, these composites
    are used at outdoor rendering them exposed to ultra-violet (UV) radiation. The paper investigates the degradation behavior
    of linear low density polyethylene/poly (vinyl alcohol)/kenaf (LLDPE/PVOH/KNF) composites after exposure to different
    natural weathering durations. The composites with KNF loadings of 10, 20 and 40 parts per hundred resin (phr) were
    exposed to natural weathering for 3 months and 6 months, respectively. The weathered composites were characterized by
    Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, universal testing machine, field emission scanning electron microscopy
    (FESEM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The FTIR analysis showed an obvious carbonyl peak in composites
    after weathering as an evidence of oxidation. The weight loss percentage of composites increased with respect to exposure
    duration due to higher absorption of UV irradiation. The tensile properties of weathered composites were lower than
    that of control composites and these properties also decreased with increasing exposure duration. FESEM micrographs
    illustrated that composites with longer exposure duration suffered more surface damaged. The crystallinity percentage
    was found to increase with increasing exposure duration.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fourier Analysis
  5. Removal of dye waste by weak cation-exchange nanofiber membrane immobilized with waste egg white proteins
    Pakalapati H, Show PL, Chang JH, Liu BL, Chang YK
    Int J Biol Macromol, 2020 Dec 15;165(Pt B):2494-2507.
    PMID: 33736272 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.10.099
    In this research, a protein nanofiber membrane (P-COOH-CEW) was developed to treat the dye waste. Initially, polyacrylonitrile nanofiber membrane (PAN) was prepared by electrospinning, followed by heat treatment, alkaline treatment, and neutralization to obtain weak cation exchange nanofiber membrane (P-COOH). The P-COOH membrane was chemically coated with chicken egg white (CEW) proteins to obtain a 3D structure of complex protein nanofiber membrane (P-COOH-CEW). The composite prepared was characterized with Fourier Transform Infrared analysis (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Further, the composite was evaluated by investigating the removal of Toluidine Blue O (TBO) from aqueous solutions in batch conditions. Different operating parameters - coupling of CEW, shaking rate, initial pH, contact time, temperature, and dye concentration were studied. From the results, maximum removal capacity and equilibrium association constant was determined to be 546.24 mg/g and 10.18 mg/mg, respectively at pH 10 and 298 K. The experimental data were well fitted to pseudo-second order model. Furthermore, desorption studies revealed that the adsorbed TBO can be completely eluted by using 50% ethanol or 50% glycerol in 1 M NaCl solution. Additionally, the reuse of P-COOH-CEW membrane reported to have 97.32% of removal efficiency after five consecutive adsorption/desorption cycles.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fourier Analysis
  6. Correlation data of (Z)-1-[4-(trifluoromethyl)benzylidene]thiosemicarbazide via spectroscopic methods and Density Functional Theory studies
    Osman UM, Farizal ASN, Kadir MA, Razali MH, Rozaini MZH, Arshad S
    Data Brief, 2019 Dec;27:104673.
    PMID: 31720328 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2019.104673
    New compound, namely (Z)-1-[4-(trifluoromethyl)benzylidene]thiosemicarbazide was successfully synthesized using thiosemicarbazide with 4-(trifluoromethyl)-benzaldehyde in ethanol solution. The data presented in this articles is related to our research articles entitled "Crystal Structure of (Z)-1-[4-(Trifluoromethyl)benzylidene]thiosemicarbazide" (Osman et al., 2017) [1]. This work shows the continue data from experimental spectroscopic measurement which are Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (13C NMR). Assessment on the correlation with theoretical computational data was also carried out through GaussView 5.0.9 and Gaussian09 software. Molecular Electrostatic Potential (MEP) and Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital-Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital (HOMO-LUMO) were also illustrated.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fourier Analysis
  7. Effect of cellulose nanocrystals content and ph on swelling behaviour of gelatin based hydrogel
    Ooi SY, Ishak Ahmad, Mohd Cairul Iqbal Mohd Amin
    Sains Malaysiana, 2015;44:793-799.
    In this research, a novel method was performed to obtain hydrogel with superior thermal stability by incorporation
    of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) into gelatin based hydrogel. Glutaraldehyde was used as cross-linker due to its high
    chemical reactivity towards NH2
    group on gelatin. Different ratio of gelatin/CNC hydrogel was produced in order to study
    the effects of CNC towards the swelling behaviour and thermal stability of gelatin based hydrogel. The obtained hydrogel
    was subjected to Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) to verify that gelatin had been cross-linked, swelling test with different
    pH for swelling behaviour and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) for thermal stability. The presence of C=N stretching
    group in the FTIR spectrum for gelatin/CNC hydrogel indicated that the cross-linking reaction between gelatin monomer
    had been successfully carried out. The hydrogel showed impressive pH sensitivity and maximum swelling was obtained
    at pH3. The TGA results clearly showed that the incorporation of CNC into gelatin was able to produce hydrogel with
    higher thermal stability compare to neat gelatin.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fourier Analysis
  8. Characterizations of cupric oxide thin films on glass and silicon substrates by radio frequency magnetron sputtering
    Ooi P, Ching C, Ahmad M, Ng S, Abdullah M, Abu Hassan H, et al.
    Sains Malaysiana, 2014;43:617-621.
    Cupric oxide (CuO) thin films were prepared on a glass and silicon (Si) substrates by radio frequency magnetron sputtering system. The structural, optical and electrical properties of CuO films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (xRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, ultra-violet visible spectrophotometer, respectively, four point probe techniques and Keithley 4200 semiconductor characterization system. The xRD result showed that single phase CuO thin films with monoclinic structure were obtained. AFM showed well organized nano-pillar morphology with root mean square surface roughness for CuO thin films on glass and Si substrates were 3.64 and 1.91 nm, respectively. Infrared reflectance spectra shown a single reflection peak which is corresponding to CuO optical phonon mode and it confirmed that only existence of CuO composition on both substrates. The optical direct band gap energy of the CuO film grown on glass substrate, which is calculated from the optical transmission measurement was 1.37 eV. Finally, it was found that the deposited CuO films are resistive and the palladium formed ohmic contact for CuO on glass and schottky contact for CuO on Si.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fourier Analysis
  9. Fulltext Physicochemical Characterization of Bilayer Hybrid Nanocellulose-Collagen as a Potential Wound Dressing
    Ooi KS, Haszman S, Wong YN, Soidin E, Hesham N, Mior MAA, et al.
    Materials (Basel), 2020 Sep 30;13(19).
    PMID: 33007893 DOI: 10.3390/ma13194352
    The eminent aim for advance wound management is to provide a great impact on the quality of life. Therefore, an excellent strategy for an ideal wound dressing is being developed that eliminates certain drawbacks while promoting tissue regeneration for the prevention of bacterial invasion. The aim of this study is to develop a bilayer hybrid biomatrix of natural origin for wound dressing. The bilayer hybrid bioscaffold was fabricated by the combination of ovine tendon collagen type I and palm tree-based nanocellulose. The fabricated biomatrix was then post-cross-linked with 0.1% (w/v) genipin (GNP). The physical characteristics were evaluated based on the microstructure, pore size, porosity, and water uptake capacity followed by degradation behaviour and mechanical strength. Chemical analysis was performed using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results demonstrated a uniform interconnected porous structure with optimal pore size ranging between 90 and 140 μm, acceptable porosity (>70%), and highwater uptake capacity (>1500%). The biodegradation rate of the fabricated biomatrix was extended to 22 days. Further analysis with EDX identified the main elements of the bioscaffold, which contains carbon (C) 50.28%, nitrogen (N) 18.78%, and oxygen (O) 30.94% based on the atomic percentage. FTIR reported the functional groups of collagen type I (amide A: 3302 cm-1, amide B: 2926 cm-1, amide I: 1631 cm-1, amide II: 1547 cm-1, and amide III: 1237 cm-1) and nanocellulose (pyranose ring), thus confirming the presence of collagen and nanocellulose in the bilayer hybrid scaffold. The XRD demonstrated a smooth wavy wavelength that is consistent with the amorphous material and less crystallinity. The combination of nanocellulose with collagen demonstrated a positive effect with an increase of Young's modulus. In conclusion, the fabricated bilayer hybrid bioscaffold demonstrated optimum physicochemical and mechanical properties that are suitable for skin wound dressing.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fourier Analysis
  10. Removal of Cd2+ from aqueous solution using MgAICO3-layered double hydroxide
    Nurul lzza Taib, Norzuyanti Mohd Aris
    Scientific Research Journal, 2011;8(2):13-31.
    MyJurnal
    Anion clay hydrotalcite MgA1C0 3 with a Mg/A1 molar ratio of 3:1 was synthesized by co-precipitation at room temperature and pressure. The physicochemical properties were evaluated using Powder X-Ray Diffraction (PXRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). The efficacy of anion clay hydrotalcite in the removal ofCcf- from aqueous solutions was investigated with respect to contact time, initial concentration, pH, adsorbent dosage and temperature. The Cd2- removal increased with the increased in contact time, adsorbent dosage, pH and initial concentration. Adsorption decreases with increasing initial concentration and temperature, for which the latter is indicative of an exothermic process. The equilibrium adsorption capacity of MgA1C0 3 was evaluated using linear Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms with respect to the separation factor, RL.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fourier Analysis
  11. Fulltext Adsorption of sulfur dioxide (SO2) gas using treated rice husk ash (RHA) adsorbent
    Nurul Najwa Abd Malek, Rusdin Laiman
    Science Letters, 2018;12(1):63-76.
    MyJurnal
    The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of treated rice husk ash (RHA) as adsorbent to adsorb acidic SO2 gas. The treated RHA was prepared using a water hydration method by mixing the RHA, Calcium oxide (CaO) and Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH). The addition of NaOH is to increase the dissolution of silica from the RHA to form reactive species responsible for higher desulfurization activity. The untreated and treated RHA were subjected to several characterizations and the characteristics of the adsorbents were compared. The functional groups present on the surface of the adsorbent were determined using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR). The chemical composition of the untreated and treated RHA was analyzed by using X-ray Fluorescence (XRF). Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis showed that the treated RHA has higher porosity compared to untreated RHA. Based on the SO2 adsorption analysis, it was found that the treated RHA has higher adsorption capacity, 62.22 mg/g, compared to untreated RHA, 1.49 mg/g.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fourier Analysis
  12. Fulltext Comparison of neurotoxic effects of ethanol and endosulfan on biochemical changes of brain tissues in Javanese medaka (Oryzias Javanicus) and zebrafish (Danio Reri
    Nurul Farhana Ramlan, Noraini Abu Bakar, Albert, Emmellie Laura, Syaizwan Zahmir Zulkifli, Syahida Ahmad, Mohammad Noor Amal Azmai, et al.
    Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2020;28(2):689-701.
    MyJurnal
    An ideal model organism for neurotoxicology research should meet several characteristics, such as low cost and amenable for high throughput testing. Javanese medaka (JM) has been widely used in the ecotoxicological studies related to the marine and freshwater environment, but rarely utilized for biomedical research. Therefore, in this study, the applicability of using JM in the neurotoxicology research was assessed using biochemical comparison with an established model organism, the zebrafish. Identification of biochemical changes due to the neurotoxic effects of ethanol and endosulfan was assessed using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis. Treatment with ethanol affected the level of lipids, proteins, glycogens and nucleic acids in the brain of JM. Meanwhile, treatment with endosulfan showed alteration in the level of lipids and nucleic acids. For the zebrafish, exposure to ethanol affected the level of protein, fatty acid and amino acid, and exposure to endosulfan induced alteration in the fatty acids, amino acids, nucleic acids and protein in the brain of zebrafish. The sensitive response of the JM toward chemicals exposure proved that it was a valuable model for neurotoxicology research. More studies need to be conducted to further develop JM as an ideal model organism for neurotoxicology research.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fourier Analysis
  13. Fulltext Authentication analysis of butter from beef fat using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy coupled with chemometrics
    Nurrulhidayah, A.F., Che Man, Y.B., Shuhaimi, M., Rohman, A., Khatib, A., Amin, I.
    International Food Research Journal, 2013;20(3):1383-1388.
    MyJurnal
    The use of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy coupled with chemometric techniques to differentiate butter from beef fat (BF) was investigated. The spectral bands associated with butter, BF, and their mixtures were scanned, interpreted, and identified by relating them to those spectroscopically representative to pure butter and BF. For quantitative analysis, partial least square (PLS) regression was used to develop a calibration model at the selected fingerprint regions of 1500-1000 cm-1, with the values of coefficient of determination (R2) and root mean square error of calibration (RMSEC) are 0.999 and 0.89% (v/v), respectively. The PLS calibration model was subsequently used for the prediction of independent samples containing butter in the binary mixtures with BF. Using 6 principal components, root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) is 2.42% (v/v). These results proved that FTIR spectroscopy in combination with multivariate calibration can be used for the detection and quantification of BF in butter formulation for authentication use.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fourier Analysis
  14. Fulltext Evaluation of extra virgin olive oil adulteration with edible oils using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy
    Nuraznee Mashodi, Nurul Yani Rahim, Norhayati Muhammad, Saliza Asman
    Malaysian Journal of Applied Sciences, 2020;5(1):35-44.
    MyJurnal
    Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) is categorized as expensive oil due to high-quality nutritional value. Unfortunately, EVOO is easily adulterated with other low-quality edible oils. Therefore, this study was done to differentiate and analyze the adulteration of EVOO with other edible oils using Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. The study was used several edible oils included canola oil, corn oil, sunflower oil, and soybean oil as an adulterant for EVOO. The adulterant EVOO samples were prepared by mixing with dissimilar concentrations of the solely edible oils (20 %, 40 %, 60 % and 80 % (v/v)). The main functional groups of EVOO and other edible oils are O-H, C-H, C=C and C=O groups were assigned around 3500 cm-1, 2925 cm-1, 3006 cm-1 and 1745 cm-1 wavenumbers, respectively. From the comparison of EVOO and other adulterant edibles oil spectra, it showed that the EVOO has the lowest absorbance intensity at around 3006 cm-1 represented double bond which is closely related to the composition of oil sample. The adulteration of EVOO was evaluated by analysing the changes in the absorbance based on the linear regression analysis graph of the bands at 3006 and 2925 cm-1 and the limit of detection (LOD) was measured. The graph of A3008/A2925 with good relative coefficients (R2) and lower LOD is more favourable than the linear regression graph of A3006 versus percentage of edible oils added in EVOO. This study showed that ATR-FTIR spectroscopy is a convenient tool for analysing the adulteration of EVOO.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fourier Analysis
  15. Production of biodiesel from palm fatty acid distillate by microwave-assisted sulfonated glucose acid catalyst
    Nur Nazlina Saimon, Heng Khuan Eu, Anwar Johari, Norzita Ngadi, Mazura Jusoh, Zaki Yamani Zakaria
    Sains Malaysiana, 2018;47:109-115.
    Biodiesel, one of the renewable energy sources has gained attention for decades as the alternative fuel due to its remarkable properties. However, there are several drawbacks from the industrial production of biodiesel such as the spike in the production cost, environmental issues related to the usage of homogeneous catalyst and profitability in long term. One of the solutions to eliminate the problem is by utilizing low cost starting material such as palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD). PFAD is a byproduct from the refining of crude palm oil and abundantly available. Esterification of PFAD to biodiesel will be much easier with the presence of heterogeneous acid catalyst. Most of acid catalyst preparation involves series of heating process using conventional method. In this study, microwave was utilized in catalyst preparation, significantly reducing the reaction time from conventional heating method. The catalyst produced was characterized using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Brunauer Emmet and Teller (BET), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Temperature-Programmed Desorption - Ammonia (TPD-NH3) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) while percentage yield and conversion of the PFAD were analysed by gas chromatography - flame ionization detector (GC-FID) and acid-base titration, respectively. It has been demonstrated that the percentage yield of biodiesel from the PFAD by employing sulfonated glucose acid catalyst (SGAC) reached 98.23% under the following conditions: molar ratio of methanol to PFAD of 10:1, catalyst loading of 2.5% and reaction temperature of 70oC. The microwave-assisted SGAC showed its potential to replace the SGAC produced via conventional heating method.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fourier Analysis
  16. Epoxidation and hydroxylation of liquid natural rubber
    Nur Hanis Adila Azhar, Nur Hanis Adila Azhar Hamizah Md Rasid, Siti Fairus M. Yusoff
    Sains Malaysiana, 2017;46:485-491.
    Liquid natural rubber (LNR) was functionalized into liquid epoxidized natural rubber (LENR) and hydroxylated LNR (LNROH)
    via oxidation using a Na2
    WO4
    /CH3
    COOH/H2
    O2
    catalytic system. Microstructures of LNR and functionalized LNRs
    were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopies. The
    effect of CH3
    COOH, H2
    O2
    , Na2
    WO4
    , reaction time and temperature. reaction time and temperature on epoxy content were
    investigated. LNR-OH was obtained when oxidation reaction was conducted at a longer reaction time, higher temperature
    or excess amount of catalyst. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) reported the thermal behavior of functionalized LNRs.
    Molecular weight and polydispersity index (PDI) were determined using gel permeation chromatography (GPC).
    Matched MeSH terms: Fourier Analysis
  17. Fulltext SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERISATION AND CORROSION INHIBITION SCREENING: Cu[EtBenzdtc]2 AND Cu[BuMedtc]2
    Nur Alia Atiqah Alias, Nabilah Syakirah Zolkifli, Mimi Wahidah Mohd Radzi, Nur Nadia Dzulkifli
    Journal of Academia Universiti Teknologi MARA Negeri Sembilan, 2021;9(1):56-65.
    MyJurnal
    Mild steel plays an essential part in many construction industries due to its low cost and excellent mechanical properties. However, the use of strong acid in pickling, construction, and oil refining processes adds to a serious corrosion problem for mild steel. Two Cu(II) dithiocarbamate (DTC) complexes were successfully synthesised, namely Cu(II) ethyl-benzyl DTC (Cu[EtBenzdtc]2) and Cu(II) butyl-methyl DTC (Cu[BuMedtc]2) complexes, by a condensation reaction and subsequently used to scrutinise the corrosion resistance activity towards mild steel in acidic media. The proposed structures of complexes were characterised by using the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopies. The melting point for Cu[EtBenzdtc]2 was found around 362–375°C, and 389–392°C for Cu[BuMedtc]2. The percentages of Cu(II) found in Cu[EtBenzdtc]2 and Cu[BuMedtc]2 were 7.6% and 7.5%, respectively. Both complexes were non-electrolyte based on the molar conductivity analysis. Their corrosion inhibition performances were tested by using a weight loss measurement. Cu[BuMedtc]2 showed a good result as a corrosion inhibitor compared to Cu[EtBenzdtc]2. The complexes showed good effectiveness in sulfuric acid (H2SO4) compared to hydrochloric acid (HCl) solution. Furthermore, Cu[BuMedtc]2 showed a good result as a corrosion inhibitor compared to Cu[EtBenzdtc]2 with the highest percentage of corrosion inhibition recorded at 91.8%. Meanwhile, the highest percentage of corrosion inhibition shown by Cu[EtBenzdtc]2 was only 86.9%. The lowest corrosion rate shown for Cu[BuMedtc]2 was 8.1944×10-4 cm-1 h-1. Meanwhile, the Cu[EtBenzdtc]2 showed the lowest corrosion rate only at 1.3194×10-3 cm-1 h-1. This implies that Cu[BuMedtc]2 showed lower corrosion rate but higher inhibition efficiency compared to Cu[EtBenzdtc]2.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fourier Analysis
  18. Preparation of durian skin nanofibre (DSNF) and its effect on the properties of polylactic acid (PLA) biocomposites
    Nur Aimi M, Anuar H, Maizirwan M, Sapuan S, Wahit M, Zakaria S
    Sains Malaysiana, 2015;44:1551-1559.
    Biological fermentation of Rhizopus oryzae was introduced to extract cellulose nanofibre from durian skin fibre (DSF).
    The diameter of the extracted durian skin nanofibre (DSNF) was in the range of 49-81 nm. The changes of chemical
    composition of DSNF were clearly seen after evaluated via TAPPI standard test methods. Verification via Fourier transform
    infrared (FTIR) confirmed the deduction of hemicelluloses and lignin in DSNF in the range of 1200 to 1000 cm-1. X-ray
    diffraction (XRD) demonstrated increment in the crystallinity from 58.3 to 72.2% after biological fermentation. DSNF was
    then incorporated into polylactic acid (PLA) via extrusion and injection moulding processes. The effect of 1-5 wt. % DSNF
    content on PLA biocomposites was investigated for its mechanical and thermal properties. The presence of only 1 wt. %
    improved the tensile and impact strength by 14.1 MPa and 33.1 kJ/m2
    , respectively. The thermal properties of PLA-1DSNF
    biocomposite also recorded higher thermal stability, glass transition temperature (Tg
    ), crystallization temperature (Tc
    )
    and melting temperature (Tm). Additionally, from the DMA, it was determined that PLA-1DSNF possessed lower storage
    modulus and loss modulus, as well as low energy dissipation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fourier Analysis
  19. Fulltext Algorithm for rapid identification of flavonoids classes
    Noh, C.H.C., Azmin, N.F.M., Amid, A., Asnawi, A.L.
    International Food Research Journal, 2017;24(101):0-0.
    MyJurnal
    Bioactive compounds are one of the natural products used especially for medicinal, pharmaceutical and food application. Increasing research performed on the extraction, isolation and identification of bioactive compounds, however non to date has explored on the identification of flavonoids classes. Therefore, this study was focused on the development of algorithm for rapid identification of flavonoids classes which are flavanone, flavone and flavonol and also their derivatives. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy coupled with multivariate statistical data analysis, which is Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was utilized. The results exhibited that few significant wavenumber range provides the identification and characterization of the flavonoids classes based on PCA algorithm. The study concluded that FTIR coupled with PCA analysis can be used as a molecular fingerprint for rapid identification of flavonoids.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fourier Analysis
  20. Fulltext Clinacanthus nutans Standardized Fraction Arrested SiHa Cells at G1/S and Induced Apoptosis via Upregulation of p53
    Nik Zainuddin NAS, Muhammad H, Nik Hassan NF, Othman NH, Zakaria Y
    J Pharm Bioallied Sci, 2020 Nov;12(Suppl 2):S768-S776.
    PMID: 33828376 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.JPBS_262_19
    Introduction: Cervical cancer is a leading cause of death in women. Current cancer treatment comes with side effects. Clinacanthus nutans has been known traditionally to treat cancer. This study was aimed to characterize C. nutans standardized fraction (SF1) and to investigate its anticancer mechanism against SiHa cells.

    Materials and Methods: SF1 was produced by optimized methodology for bioassay-guided fractionation. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) were carried out to characterize the SF1. SF1 was screened for cytotoxicity activity toward HeLa, SiHa, and normal cells (NIH) cells by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The anticancer mechanism of SF1 was evaluated toward SiHa cells, which showed highest cytotoxicity toward SF1 treatment. The mechanism includes cell cycle progression and protein expression, which was detected using specific antibody-conjugated fluorescent dye, p53-FITC, by flow cytometry.

    Results: Major constituents of SF1 were alkaloids with amines as functional group. SF1 showed highest cytotoxic activity against SiHa (half-maximal inhibitory concentration [IC50] < 10 µg/mL) compared to HeLa cells. Cytoselectivity of SF1 was observed with no IC50 detected on normal NIH cells. On flow cytometry analysis, SF1 was able to induce apoptosis on SiHa cells by arresting cell cycle at G1/S and upregulation of p53 protein.

    Conclusion: SF1 showed anticancer activity by inducing apoptosis through arrested G1/S cell cycle checkpoint-mediated mitochondrial pathway.

    Matched MeSH terms: Fourier Analysis
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