Displaying publications 61 - 80 of 112 in total

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  1. Fulltext Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis associated with Burkholderia pseudomallei peritonitis
    Aulia Z, Wan Ali WASR, Shahar MA
    Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl, 2018 12 28;29(6):1484-1487.
    PMID: 30588983 DOI: 10.4103/1319-2442.248318
    Burkholderia pseudomallei is a known motile organism in soil. Its infection is usually described in immunocompromised patients. It inflicts serious infection with high mortality and morbidity rate. We report a rare case of an end-stage renal disease patient on regular continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (PD) who developed melioidosis PD peritonitis. Within a short period of time, she developed encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis evidenced by the intraoperative findings of intraabdominal cocooning. Choice and duration of antibiotic are important for proper eradication of the organism. Early diagnosis and treatment of both conditions also may improve the prognoses.
    Matched MeSH terms: Immunocompromised Host
  2. Fulltext Unresolved pneumonia: a case report of Strongyloides stercoralis hyperinfection in an immunocompromised patient
    Esteban Chin, Lim Han Hua
    Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2019;15(106):58-58.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Strongyloidiasis is endemic in the tropical and subtropical regions. Clinical manifestations of the dis-ease can range from asymptomatic eosinophilia in an immunocompetent host to a wide range of presentations in immunocompromised patients. Failure to consider the diagnosis of strongyloides infection, especially Strongyloides hyperinfection syndrome, is a major contributor of high mortality rate in such cases. Case Description: We report a case of 60 years old gentleman who was admitted to Sarawak General Hospital for a left subtrochanteric femur pathological fracture and the diagnosis of multiple myeloma was made in the same setting. He was started on treat-ment for multiple myeloma which includes high dose steroids. During his course of admission, he was diagnosed with hospital-acquired pneumonia was subsequently initiated with broad-spectrum antibiotics. Despite being exten-sively treated with multiple courses of broad-spectrum antibiotics, he deteriorated clinically, with eventual respirato-ry failure requiring ventilator support and ICU admission. A diagnosis of strongyloides hyperinfection syndrome was made after an incidental discovery of larvae in his sputum, which was later confirmed with stool sample. He was given a one-week course of albendazole 400mg twice daily and clinical improvement was observed. A repeated stool sample also demonstrated clearance of the parasites. Conclusion: This case highlights the need for clinical sus-picion of strongyloides hyperinfection syndrome in cases of unresolved pneumonia, especially for patients with risk factors of underlying immune-deficiency state. Preventive steps such early detection and eradication of strongyloides infection should be undertaken prior to initiation of immuno-suppressive therapy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Immunocompromised Host
  3. Fulltext Strongyloides Hyperinfection Syndrome in an Immunosuppressed Patient
    Cheo, Seng Wee, Tan, Yee Ann, Low, Qin Jian
    Borneo Journal of Medical Sciences, 2019;13(1):39-43.
    MyJurnal
    Strongyloides stercoralis is an intestinal nematode which is endemic in tropical and subtropical countries. The global prevalence of Strongyloides is unknown. Strongyloidiasis is found more frequently in the socioeconomically disadvantaged, in institutionalized populations, and in rural areas. The spectrum of disease varies. It may cause asymptomatic infection, mild eosinophilia or hyperinfection syndrome in the most severe form. Here we reported a case of Strongyloides hyperinfection syndrome in an immunosuppressed patient. This patient is a 54-year-old man with myasthenia gravis on long term azathioprine and prednisolone. He presented with fever associated with diarrhoea and was in septic shock. His blood culture was positive forKlebsiella pneumoniae.Strongyloides stercoralis larvae were detected in his sputum and stool sample. He was diagnosed to have Strongyloides hyperinfection and was treated with subcutaneous ivermectin. He recovered well. Our case demonstrated the association of Strongyloideshyperinfection with superimposed gram-negative sepsis as a consequence of prolonged immunosuppression. A high index of suspicion is needed in approaching patient with risk factors of hyperinfection syndrome.
    Matched MeSH terms: Immunocompromised Host
  4. Safety of probiotics: translocation and infection
    Liong MT
    Nutr Rev, 2008 Apr;66(4):192-202.
    PMID: 18366533 DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2008.00024.x
    The long history of safety has contributed to the acceptance of probiotics as a safe food adjunct. Consequently, many probiotic products and their applications have been granted GRAS (generally regarded as safe) status. However, this classification has been frequently generalized for all probiotic strains regardless of their application. Cases of probiotics from the genera Lactobacillus, Leuconostoc, Pediococcus, Enterococcus, and Bifidobacterium have been isolated from infection sites, leading to the postulation that these probiotics can translocate. Probiotic translocation is difficult to induce in healthy humans, and even if it does occur, detrimental effects are rare. Despite this, various reports have documented health-damaging effects of probiotic translocation in immunocompromised patients. Due to probiotics' high degree of safety and their morphological confusion with other pathogenic bacteria, they are often overlooked as contaminants and are least suspected as pathogens. However, the antibiotic resistance of some strains has increased the complexity of their eradication. Probiotic translocation and infection deserve further investigation and should become a facet of safety assessment so the negative effects of probiotics do not outweigh the benefits.
    Matched MeSH terms: Immunocompromised Host
  5. Seroprevalence and molecular detection of Toxoplasma gondii in young healthy blood donors in Northern Iran
    Kalantari N, Sheikhansari MR, Ghaffari S, Alipour J, Gorgani-Firouzjaee T, Tamadoni A, et al.
    Trop Biomed, 2018 Dec 01;35(4):1017-1027.
    PMID: 33601849
    T. gondii is a life-threatening infection in immunocompromised patients which may be transmitted through blood transfusion. The present study aimed to evaluate the seroprevalence and molecular detection of T. gondii infection and the associated risk factors among young healthy blood donors in the central part of Mazandaran province, northern Iran. Blood samples were taken from 500 participants and the serum was separated. All serum samples were tested for the presence of anti-T. gondii antibodies (IgG) and then all positive samples were evaluated for IgM antibodies using commercial ELISA kits. All IgM positive samples and 66 randomly selected IgG positive samples were further tested by PCR of the REP-529 gene. Anti-Toxoplasma antibodies (IgG) avidity test was performed for 142 IgG positive samples which were randomly selected. In the current study, anti-T. gondii antibodies (IgG) and (IgM) were found in 316 (63.2%) and 3 (0.95 %) participants, respectively. Seropositivity rate of Toxoplasma was higher among blood donors living in rural areas (P=0.000) and those with a history of soil and animal contact (P<0.05). PCR of the REP-529 gene showed T. gondii DNA in 21 out of 66 samples. The REP-529 gene was not detected in IgM positive samples. Low avidity antibodies (IgG) was found in 23.2% of the IgG positive samples. In conclusions, this study found that the prevalence of toxoplasmosis among young healthy blood donors in north of Iran was high. To reduce the risk of parasite transmission, leukofilteration method are recommended for donated blood used for immunosuppressed patients.
    Matched MeSH terms: Immunocompromised Host
  6. Systemic fusarium infection in cancer patients : a report of two cases
    Mohamed, M., Ariffin, H., Arasu, A., Tuck Soon, S.H., Abdullah, W.A., Lin, H.P.
    Malaysian Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 1998;10(2):55-58.
    MyJurnal
    Fusarium species is an emerging genus of fungal pathogens which until recently were rare causes of human disease apart from localized infection of the skin and nails. Two cases of fungaemia due to Fusarium sp. in children are described. The first child, an 8-year old girl with acute myeloid leukaemia developed character-sitic pyoderma gangrenosum-like skin lesions before succumbing to disseminated Fusarium infection and acute respiratory distress syndrome. The second child, a 5-month old boy, developed pneumonia associated with a transient erythematous skin rash while on chemother-apy for congenital leukaemia. Both patients had Fusarium isolated from blood. The second child improved after six weeks of treatment with ampho-tericin B and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulat-ing factor but ultimately she died of the disease follow-ing discharge. Fusarium spp should be recognised as an opportunistic pathogen in immunocompromised patients. Current literature suggests that liposomal amphotericin B in conjunction with leukocyte growth factors are the treatment of choice in this potentially fatal infection.
    Matched MeSH terms: Immunocompromised Host
  7. Fulltext Endogenous Endophthalmitis: A Five-year Review of Cases at the Raja Perempuan Zainab II Hospital, Kelantan, Malaysia
    Michael NDB, Gunaseelan S, Tuan Jaffar TN, Noordin Z, Hussein A
    Cureus, 2018 Jul 30;10(7):e3066.
    PMID: 30280062 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.3066
    Background Endogenous endophthalmitis (EE) is a type of intraocular inflammation secondary to hematogenous spread from a distant infective source within the body and usually occurs in immunocompromised patients. Objectives The aim of this study was to profile the patient characteristics, sources of infection, microbial profiles, and visual outcomes of patients with EE in Raja Perempuan Zainab II Hospital in Kelantan, Malaysia. Materials and methods Data from 18 eyes of 17 patients diagnosed with EE and admitted to the eye ward of Raja Perempuan Zainab II Hospital from January 2012 to December 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. Factors analyzed included patient age, sources of infection, visual acuity, microbial profiles, and treatment outcomes. Results The mean age of the 17 patients was 53.2 years. Twelve patients (70.6%) had EE of left eye, four (23.5%) had EE of right eye, and one (5.9%) had EE involving both the eyes. Sixteen patients (91.1%) had at least one predisposing condition, the most common of which was diabetes mellitus in 15 patients (88.2%). A source of infection was identified in 12 of the 17 patients, with urinary tract infection being the most common (five patients, 29.4%). Organisms were successfully isolated from 10 (58.8%) patients, including seven (41.2%) with Gram-negative and three (17.6%) with Gram-positive organisms. All patients presented with a visual acuity worse than 6/60. Nine (52.9%) patients underwent vitrectomy, with only two of these patients achieving a final visual acuity better than 6/60. Eleven patients became nonperceptive to light, with four of them undergoing evisceration. Conclusions EE is a rare but often devastating ocular condition. Visual outcomes are often poor especially in patients infected with Gram-negative bacteria.
    Matched MeSH terms: Immunocompromised Host
  8. Effects of Shape and Size of Cobalt Phosphate Nanoparticles against Acanthamoeba castellanii
    Anwar A, Chi Fung L, Anwar A, Jagadish P, Numan A, Khalid M, et al.
    Pathogens, 2019 Nov 22;8(4).
    PMID: 31766722 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens8040260
    T4 genotype Acanthamoeba are opportunistic pathogens that cause two types of infections, including vision-threatening Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) and a fatal brain infection known as granulomatous amoebic encephalitis (GAE). Due to the existence of ineffective treatments against Acanthamoeba, it has become a potential threat to all contact lens users and immunocompromised patients. Metal nanoparticles have been proven to have various antimicrobial properties against bacteria, fungi, and parasites. Previously, different types of cobalt nanoparticles showed some promise as anti-acanthamoebic agents. In this study, the objectives were to synthesize and characterize the size, morphology, and crystalline structure of cobalt phosphate nanoparticles, as well as to determine the effects of different sizes of cobalt metal-based nanoparticles against A. castellanii. Cobalt phosphate octahydrate (CHP), Co3(PO4)2•8H2O, was synthesized by ultrasonication using a horn sonicator, then three different sizes of cobalt phosphates Co3(PO4)2 were produced through calcination of Co3(PO4)2•8H2O at 200 °C, 400 °C and 600 °C (CP2, CP4, CP6). These three types of cobalt phosphate nanoparticles were characterized using a field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Next, the synthesized nanoparticles were subjected to biological assays to investigate their amoebicidal, amoebistatic, anti-encystation, and anti-excystation effects against A. castellanii, as well as cell cytotoxicity. The overall results showed that 1.30 ± 0.70 µm of CHP microflakes demonstrated the best anti-acanthemoebic effects at 100 µg/mL, followed by 612.50 ± 165.94 nm large CP6 nanograins. However, amongst the three tested cobalt phosphates, Co3(PO4)2, the smaller nanoparticles had stronger antiamoebic effects against A. castellanii. During cell cytotoxicity analysis, CHP exhibited only 15% cytotoxicity against HeLa cells, whereas CP6 caused 46% (the highest) cell cytotoxicity at the highest concentration, respectively. Moreover, the composition and morphology of nanoparticles is suggested to be important in determining their anti-acathamoebic effects. However, the molecular mechanisms of cobalt phosphate nanoparticles are still unidentified. Nevertheless, the results suggested that cobalt phosphate nanoparticles hold potential for development of nanodrugs against Acanthamoeba.
    Matched MeSH terms: Immunocompromised Host
  9. A repeated point prevalence survey of antimicrobial use in specialized cancer care hospital of Pakistan: findings and implications
    Saleem Z, Hassali MA, Hashmi FK, Godman B, Bhutta OA
    Hosp Pract (1995), 2019 Aug;47(3):149-154.
    PMID: 31180791 DOI: 10.1080/21548331.2019.1628614
    Background: The extensive use of broad-spectrum antimicrobials in immunocompromised patients is inevitable in situations where culture and sensitivity testing is challenging. However, their overuse leads to an increase in antimicrobial resistance (AMR), which is a growing concern. Method: A repeated point prevalence survey (PPS) was conducted to assess the pattern of antimicrobial prescribing in a specialized cancer care hospital in Pakistan using the methodology employed by the European Centre of Disease Prevention and Control. Results: Out of 313 hospitalized patients, 156 (49.8%) were prescribed one or more antimicrobials, 82 (50.9) in 2017 and 74 (48.7) in 2018. The average bed occupancy in the hospital was 80.3%. Fever in neutropenic patients (20.2%), lower respiratory tract infections (17.8%), and sepsis (14.9%) were the three most common clinical indications. The total number of prescribed antimicrobials was 242, of whom, 41 (16.9%) were given orally and 201 (83.1%) were given parenterally. The most commonly used antimicrobials were piperacillin plus enzyme inhibitor (31.8%), meropenem (7.9%), ceftriaxone (6.2%) and vancomycin (6.2%). Of the total prescribed antimicrobials, 42 (17.3%) antimicrobials were used in surgical departments, 89 (36.8) in adult medical departments, 73 (30.1%) in pediatric medical departments and 38 (15.7) in the intensive care unit (ICU). In addition to these antibacterials, there was relatively high use of antivirals (acyclovir; 4.1%) and antifungals (fluconazole; 3.7%, amphotericin B; 2.9%). Conclusion: The study concluded that broad-spectrum antimicrobial usage in cancer hospitals in Pakistan is high, which can be a risk factor for the emergence of AMR. Repeated PPS is a fruitful way to maintain a focus on inappropriate antimicrobial use and develop pertinent intervention programs targeteing specific issues to improve future use.
    Matched MeSH terms: Immunocompromised Host
  10. Fulltext When dermatomyositis patient has blurring of vision - what goes wrong?
    Ng CWK, Hanizasurana H, Nor Azita AT, Nor Fariza N, Zabri K
    Medicine & Health, 2016;11(2):313-318.
    MyJurnal
    Cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis occurs predominantly in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) -infected patients. It was also reported in HIV-seronegative patients with systemic autoimmune disorder requiring systemic immunosuppression, organ or bone marrow transplantation, haematological or breast malignancy receiving chemotherapy, ocular diseases following intraocular or periocular corticosteroid injection, diabetes mellitus and Good syndrome. However, CMV retinitis in patients with concurrent dermatomyositis and malignancy has not been previously reported. It has not been reported in cancer other than haematological or breast malignancy, or in cancer patient prior to chemotherapy. We report a case of 40-year-old HIV-seronegative woman with underlying dermatomyositis and lung malignancy who developed right CMV retinitis which relapsed after recommencement of immunosuppressant. Both episodes of CMV retinitis were successfully treated after taken her immunocompromised state into consideration.
    Matched MeSH terms: Immunocompromised Host
  11. Fulltext A standardised model for stool banking for faecal microbiota transplantation: a consensus report from a multidisciplinary UEG working group
    Keller JJ, Ooijevaar RE, Hvas CL, Terveer EM, Lieberknecht SC, Högenauer C, et al.
    United European Gastroenterol J, 2021 Mar;9(2):229-247.
    PMID: 33151137 DOI: 10.1177/2050640620967898
    BACKGROUND: Faecal microbiota transplantation is an emerging therapeutic option, particularly for the treatment of recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection. Stool banks that organise recruitment and screening of faeces donors are being embedded within the regulatory frameworks described in the European Union Tissue and Cells Directive and the technical guide to the quality and safety of tissue and cells for human application, published by the European Council.

    OBJECTIVE: Several European and international consensus statements concerning faecal microbiota transplantation have been issued. While these documents provide overall guidance, we aim to provide a detailed description of all processes that relate to the collection, handling and clinical application of human donor stool in this document.

    METHODS: Collaborative subgroups of experts on stool banking drafted concepts for all domains pertaining to stool banking. During a working group meeting in the United European Gastroenterology Week 2019 in Barcelona, these concepts were discussed and finalised to be included in our overall guidance document about faecal microbiota transplantation.

    RESULTS: A guidance document for all domains pertaining to stool banking was created. This document includes standard operating manuals for several processes involved with stool banking, such as handling of donor material, storage and donor screening.

    CONCLUSION: The implementation of faecal microbiota transplantation by stool banks in concordance with our guidance document will enable quality assurance and guarantee the availability of donor faeces preparations for patients.

    Matched MeSH terms: Immunocompromised Host
  12. Fulltext Therapeutic challenges and current immunomodulatory strategies in targeting the immunosuppressive pancreatic tumor microenvironment
    Looi CK, Chung FF, Leong CO, Wong SF, Rosli R, Mai CW
    J Exp Clin Cancer Res, 2019 Apr 15;38(1):162.
    PMID: 30987642 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1153-8
    BACKGROUND: Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal type of cancers, with an overall five-year survival rate of less than 5%. It is usually diagnosed at an advanced stage with limited therapeutic options. To date, no effective treatment options have demonstrated long-term benefits in advanced pancreatic cancer patients. Compared with other cancers, pancreatic cancer exhibits remarkable resistance to conventional therapy and possesses a highly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME).

    MAIN BODY: In this review, we summarized the evidence and unique properties of TME in pancreatic cancer that may contribute to its resistance towards immunotherapies as well as strategies to overcome those barriers. We reviewed the current strategies and future perspectives of combination therapies that (1) promote T cell priming through tumor associated antigen presentation; (2) inhibit tumor immunosuppressive environment; and (3) break-down the desmoplastic barrier which improves tumor infiltrating lymphocytes entry into the TME.

    CONCLUSIONS: It is imperative for clinicians and scientists to understand tumor immunology, identify novel biomarkers, and optimize the position of immunotherapy in therapeutic sequence, in order to improve pancreatic cancer clinical trial outcomes. Our collaborative efforts in targeting pancreatic TME will be the mainstay of achieving better clinical prognosis among pancreatic cancer patients. Ultimately, pancreatic cancer will be a treatable medical condition instead of a death sentence for a patient.

    Matched MeSH terms: Immunocompromised Host*
  13. Fulltext Molecular Diagnosis of Microsporidia among Immunocompromised Patients in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
    Hassan NA, Lim YAL, Mahmud R, Mohd-Shaharuddin N, Wan Sulaiman WY, Ngui R
    Am J Trop Med Hyg, 2018 Dec;99(6):1562-1566.
    PMID: 30382015 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.17-0901
    Microsporidia are obligate intracellular parasitic fungi causing chronic diarrhea, particularly among immunocompromised patients. The current method used for diagnosis is based on conventional microscopy, which does not differentiate parasites at the species level. The present study was carried out to identify microsporidian species in immunocompromised patients. From March 2016 to March 2017, a total of 289 archived stool samples were examined microscopically for microsporidian spores using Gram-chromotrope Kinyoun (GCK) stain. Positive stool samples by microscopy were subjected to polymerase chain reaction and sequencing for species identification. Based on microscopy examination, the overall prevalence of microsporidian infections was 32.2% (93/289; 95% CI = 27.1-37.8). Of these stool samples, 45 samples were successfully amplified and confirmed as Enterocytozoon bieneusi. No Encephalitozoon intestinalis was detected. Accurate identification of species might help clinicians to decide appropriate management strategies as dissemination risks and treatment response vary for different species, hence improving the management of microsporidian infections.
    Matched MeSH terms: Immunocompromised Host*
  14. Fulltext First isolation of Burkholderia tropica from a neonatal patient successfully treated with imipenem
    Deris ZZ, Van Rostenberghe H, Habsah H, Noraida R, Tan GC, Chan YY, et al.
    Int J Infect Dis, 2010 Jan;14(1):e73-4.
    PMID: 19482535 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2009.03.005
    We report the first case of a human Burkholderia tropica infection. The patient was a premature neonate who had necrotizing enterocolitis with bowel perforation requiring surgical intervention. The stoma care and difficulties in feeding were a chronic problem. At the age of almost 4 months he developed septicemia due to B. tropica. Three consecutive blood cultures grew this organism. The organism was cleared from the blood after a course of imipenem and resolution of post-operative ileus. Our case suggests that environmental and plant pathogens can cause human infection especially in those in an immunocompromised condition.
    Matched MeSH terms: Immunocompromised Host
  15. Bacterial infections in pigs experimentally infected with Nipah virus
    Berhane Y, Weingartl HM, Lopez J, Neufeld J, Czub S, Embury-Hyatt C, et al.
    Transbound Emerg Dis, 2008 May;55(3-4):165-74.
    PMID: 18405339 DOI: 10.1111/j.1865-1682.2008.01021.x
    Nipah virus (NiV; Paramyxoviridae) caused fatal encephalitis in humans during an outbreak in Malaysia in 1998/1999 after transmission from infected pigs. Our previous study demonstrated that the respiratory, lymphatic and central nervous systems are targets for virus replication in experimentally infected pigs. To continue the studies on pathogenesis of NiV in swine, six piglets were inoculated oronasally with 2.5 x 10(5) PFU per animal. Four pigs developed mild clinical signs, one exudative epidermitis, and one neurologic signs due to suppurative meningoencephalitis, and was euthanized at 11 days post-inoculation (dpi). Neutralizing antibodies reached in surviving animals titers around 1280 at 16 dpi. Nasal and oro-pharyngeal shedding of the NiV was detected between 2 and 17 dpi. Virus appeared to be cleared from the tissues of the infected animals by 23 dpi, with low amount of RNA detected in submandibular and bronchial lymph nodes of three pigs, and olfactory bulb of one animal. Despite the presence of neutralizing antibodies, virus was isolated from serum at 24 dpi, and the viral RNA was still detected in serum at 29 dpi. Our results indicate slower clearance of NiV from some of the infected pigs. Bacteria were detected in the cerebrospinal fluid of five NiV inoculated animals, with isolation of Streptococcus suis and Enterococcus faecalis. Staphylococcus hyicus was isolated from the skin lesions of the animal with exudative epidermitis. Along with the observed lymphoid depletion in the lymph nodes of all NiV-infected animals, and the demonstrated ability of NiV to infect porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro, this finding warrants further investigation into a possible NiV-induced immunosuppression of the swine host.
    Matched MeSH terms: Immunocompromised Host
  16. Immunogenicity and safety of an adjuvanted hepatitis B vaccine in pre-hemodialysis and hemodialysis patients
    Tong NK, Beran J, Kee SA, Miguel JL, Sánchez C, Bayas JM, et al.
    Kidney Int, 2005 Nov;68(5):2298-303.
    PMID: 16221232
    Due to their impaired immune system, patients with renal insufficiency have a suboptimal response to hepatitis B (HB) vaccination and frequent boosters are needed to maintain protection. GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals has developed a HB vaccine containing a new adjuvant system AS04 for use in this immunocompromised patient population.
    Matched MeSH terms: Immunocompromised Host
  17. Fulltext First report of cervicofacial lymphadenitis due to Mycobacterium haemophilum in an immunocompromised adult patient
    Atiya N, Sulaiman H, Chong J, Ng KP
    J Infect Dev Ctries, 2015 Mar;9(3):313-6.
    PMID: 25771471 DOI: 10.3855/jidc.5208
    We report the first case of an immunocompromised adult patient presenting with cervicofacial lymphadenitis due to Mycobacterium haemophilum, confirmed using hsp65 gene sequencing and line-probe assays. In resource-limited settings, especially in developing countries, appropriate culture methods and rapid molecular diagnostic tools such as hsp65 gene sequencing for identification of this organism may not be readily available. This may cause M. haemophilum infections to go unrecognised or lead to delays in diagnosis. Lack of heightened awareness about the potential for this mycobacterial species to cause infections may also contribute to possible underestimation of M. haemophilum cases in the developing world.
    Matched MeSH terms: Immunocompromised Host
  18. Acute myeloid leukaemia with tell-tale computed tomography scans
    Fadilah SA, Cheong SK, Maimunah A, Toh ST, Shamin AS
    Postgrad Med J, 2001 Nov;77(913):733-4, 737-9.
    PMID: 11677287
    Matched MeSH terms: Immunocompromised Host
  19. Septicaemia in paediatric cancer patients: a 5-year surveillance study in university hospital, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
    Ariffin H, Ariffin W, Peng LH, Parasakthi N
    J Trop Pediatr, 1997 10;43(5):279-81.
    PMID: 9364125 DOI: 10.1093/tropej/43.5.279
    Infectious complications are the major cause of morbidity and mortality in children with malignancy. Empirical antimicrobial therapy in the management of fever of unknown origin should be tailored to local bacteriological data and antibiotic sensitivity patterns. Five-hundred-and-fifty-nine cases of culture-proven septicaemia occurring in pediatric cancer patients between 1990 and 1994 were retrospectively analysed and compared with a similar study done in our centre between 1976 and 1979. A wide spectrum of organisms was isolated. Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Klebsiella pneumoniae were the most common and consistent bacteria isolated during the 5 year period. More than 70 per cent of the staphylococci were sensitive to methicillin and universally sensitive to vancomycin. However, a worrying trend of ceftazidime-resistance amongst gram-negative organisms was found. In these situations, the use of imipenem is recommended as resistance to this antimicrobial agent was exceedingly rare.
    Matched MeSH terms: Immunocompromised Host
  20. Fulltext Disseminated Geotrichum infection
    Ng KP, Soo-Hoo TS, Koh MT, Kwan PW
    Med J Malaysia, 1994 Dec;49(4):424-6.
    PMID: 7674982
    Intensive chemotherapy has prolonged survival in cancer patients. Unfortunately it has also predisposed them to unusual infections because of their immunocompromised state. We report a case of fungal septicaemia caused by Geotrichum candidum, an imperfect yeast of low virulence in a young girl with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. It was successfully treated with amphotericin B. The morphological characteristics of this fungus leading to its identification are described.
    Matched MeSH terms: Immunocompromised Host
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