Displaying publications 61 - 80 of 105 in total

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  1. Fulltext In Vivo Toxicity Evaluation of Sugar Adulterated Heterotrigona itama Honey Using Zebrafish Model
    Fakhlaei R, Selamat J, Razis AFA, Sukor R, Ahmad S, Amani Babadi A, et al.
    Molecules, 2021 Oct 15;26(20).
    PMID: 34684803 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206222
    Honey is prone to be adulterated through mixing with sugars, cheap and low-quality honey, and other adulterants. Consumption of adulterated honey may cause several health issues such as weight gain, diabetes, and liver and kidney dysfunction. Therefore, studying the impact of consumption of adulterated honey on consumers is critical since there is a lack of study in this field. Hence, the aims of this paper were: (1) to determine the lethal concentration (LC50) of adulterated honey using zebrafish embryo, (2) to elucidate toxicology of selected adulterated honey based on lethal dose (LD50) using adult zebrafish, (3) to determine the effects of adulterated honey on histological changes of zebrafish, and (4) to screen the metabolites profile of adulterated honey by using zebrafish blood serum. The LC50 of Heterotrigona itama honey (acacia honey) and its sugar adulterants (light corn sugar, cane sugar, inverted sugar, and palm sugar in the proportion of 1-3% (w/w) from the total volume) was determined by the toxicological assessment of honey samples on zebrafish embryos (different exposure concentrations in 24, 48, 72, and 96 h postfertilization (hpf)). Pure H. itama honey represents the LC50 of 34.40 ± 1.84 (mg/mL) at 96 hpf, while the inverted sugar represents the lowest LC50 (5.03 ± 0.92 mg/mL) among sugar adulterants. The highest concentration (3%) of sugar adulterants were used to study the toxicology of adulterated honey using adult zebrafish in terms of acute, prolong-acute, and sub-acute tests. The results of the LD50 from the sub-acute toxicity test of pure H. itama honey was 2.33 ± 0.24 (mg/mL). The histological studies of internal organs showed a lesion in the liver, kidney, and spleen of adulterated treated-honey groups compared to the control group. Furthermore, the LC-MS/MS results revealed three endogenous metabolites in both the pure and adulterated honey treated groups, as follows: (1) S-Cysteinosuccinic acid, (2) 2,3-Diphosphoglyceric acid, and (3) Cysteinyl-Tyrosine. The results of this study demonstrated that adulterated honey caused mortality, which contributes to higher toxicity, and also suggested that the zebrafish toxicity test could be a standard method for assessing the potential toxicity of other hazardous food additives. The information gained from this research will permit an evaluation of the potential risk associated with the consumption of adulterated compared to pure honey.
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney/pathology
  2. Health risk assessment of heavy metal accumulation in the Buriganga and Turag River systems for Puntius ticto, Heteropneustes fossilis, and Channa punctatus
    Baki MA, Shojib MFH, Sehrin S, Chakraborty S, Choudhury TR, Bristy MS, et al.
    Environ Geochem Health, 2020 Feb;42(2):531-543.
    PMID: 31376046 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-019-00386-4
    This study aimed to assess the effects of major ecotoxic heavy metals accumulated in the Buriganga and Turag River systems on the liver, kidney, intestine, and muscle of common edible fish species Puntius ticto, Heteropneustes fossilis, and Channa punctatus and determine the associated health risks. K was the predominant and reported as a major element. A large concentration of Zn was detected in diverse organs of the three edible fishes compared with other metals. Overall, trace metal analysis indicated that all organs (especially the liver and kidney) were under extreme threat because the maximum permissible limit set by different international health organizations was exceeded. The target hazard quotient and target cancer risk due to the trace metal content were the largest for P. ticto. Thus, excessive intake of P. ticto from the rivers Buriganga and Turag could result in chronic risks associated with long-term exposure to contaminants. Histopathological investigations revealed the first detectable indicators of infection and findings of long-term injury in cells, tissues, and organs. Histopathological changes in various tissue structures of fish functioned as key pointers of connection to pollutants, and definite infections and lesion types were established based on biotic pointers of toxic/carcinogenic effects. The analysis of histopathological alterations is a controlling integrative device used to assess pollutants in the environment.
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney/pathology
  3. Fulltext Renal cell carcinoma with duplication of inferior vena cava
    Yusof MR, Fahmey O, Lee C, Azli MS, Arunasalam AP, Khairul-Asri MG
    Ann R Coll Surg Engl, 2022 Mar;104(3):e64-e66.
    PMID: 34812656 DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2021.0110
    Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has been shown to cause venous migration in the inferior vena cava (IVC). It is very important for preoperative imaging to be carried out, which will decide the surgical approach for the patient. Duplication of IVC is an uncommon anomaly. We report a case of RCC with duplication of IVC.
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney/pathology
  4. Fulltext Diagnostic yield of kidney biopsies performed in a suburban, satellite hospital
    Draman CR, Seman MR, Mohd Noor FS, Kelsom WM
    Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl, 2013 Jan;24(1):178-83.
    PMID: 23354221
    Kidney biopsy is indicated to confirm the clinical diagnosis or to evaluate prognosis of a renal problem. It is a reliable and safe procedure, especially with real-time ultrasound guidance. This is a single-center, retrospective review of the biopsies performed in Hospital Tengku Ampuan Afzan, Pahang from 2000 to 2010. The demographic data, clinical parameters, and histological reports were extracted from clinic records and analyzed to determine the diagnostic adequacy of biopsy samples for both lupus and non-lupus patients. A total of 219 biopsies were performed throughout the period and only 74 were included in this review. Their mean age was 22.5 ± 10.5 years. 59.5% of the biopsies were performed on female patients. Malays comprised 79.7% (n = 59) of them, followed by Chinese (18.9%, n=14) and Indian (1.4%, n=1). About one-third of the biopsies(n = 25) were performed on patients with lupus nephritis and two-thirds (n = 49) on non-lupus nephritis patients. At the time of biopsy, their serum creatinine values were normal, serum albumin 28.4 ± 10 g/L and total cholesterol 8.9 ± 4.6 mmol/L (mean ± SD). The urine dipstick was 3+ for both proteinuria and hematuria and daily protein excretion was 3.6 ± 3.2 g. Sixty-seven specimens were considered adequate and only six (8%) were inadequate for histological interpretations. The mean number of glomeruli in the biopsy specimens was 16 ± 9.9 (range: 0-47 glomeruli). In non-lupus patients, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis was the commonest histological diagnosis (n = 15, 30.6%), followed by minimal change disease (n = 13, 26.5%) and mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (n = 7, 14.3%). Membranous nephropathy was diagnosed in four (8.2%) and membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis in two (4.1%) specimens. Both post-infectious glomerulonephritis and advanced glomerulosclerosis were found in one specimen each. Among the lupus nephritis patients (n = 25), 88% of them were females (P <0.05) and lupus nephritis WHO class IV was the commonest variant (n = 12, 48%) followed by WHO class III (n = 7, 28%). Membranous glomerulopathy or lupus nephritis WHO class V was found in three (12%), and two (8%) had lupus nephritis WHO class II. Serum albumin, urinalysis findings, and daily urinary protein excretion were comparable for both lupus and non-lupus patients. In conclusion, renal biopsy in our center is adequate and sufficient for histological interpretations and management of patients with renal problems.
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney/pathology*
  5. Coadministration of alloxan and nicotinamide in rats produces biochemical changes in blood and pathological alterations comparable to the changes in type II diabetes mellitus
    Vattam KK, Raghavendran H, Murali MR, Savatey H, Kamarul T
    Hum Exp Toxicol, 2016 Aug;35(8):893-901.
    PMID: 26429928 DOI: 10.1177/0960327115608246
    In the present study, thirty six male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups and were injected with varying doses of alloxan (Ax) and nicotinamide (NA). The serum levels of glucose, insulin, and adiponectin were measured weekly up to 4 weeks.
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney/pathology
  6. Lack of hepato- and nephrotoxicity induced by antifungal drug voriconazole in laboratory rats
    Somchit N, Chung JH, Yaacob A, Ahmad Z, Zakaria ZA, Kadir AA
    Drug Chem Toxicol, 2012 Jul;35(3):304-9.
    PMID: 22288423 DOI: 10.3109/01480545.2011.614619
    Voriconazole is a new, potent broad-spectrum triazole systemic antifungal drug, a second-generation azole antifungal that is increasing in popularity, especially for the treatment of invasive aspergillosis and fluconazole-resistant invasive Candida infections. However, it is also known to induce hepatotoxicity clinically. The aim of this study was to investigate the hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity potential of voriconazole in vivo in rats. Forty rats were treated intraperitoneally with voriconazole as single (0, 10, l00, and 200 mg/kg) or repeated (0, 10, 50, and l00 mg/kg per day for 14 days) doses. Venous blood was collected for the repeated-dose group on days 1 and 14. Rats were sacrificed 24 hours after the last dose. Body weight, liver weight, and kidney weight of rats were recorded. Livers and kidneys samples were taken for histological and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. Results revealed that voriconazole had no effects on serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphotase, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine for both the single- and repeated-dose groups. However, histologically, in the repeated 50- and 100-mg/kg voriconazole-treated rats, mild focal inflammation was observed. Under TEM, only small changes in the 100 mg/kg/day group were revealed. These results collectively demonstrated that voriconazole did not induce significant hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity, even at very high doses.
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney/pathology
  7. Comparative study of immunopathophysiological responses induced by B. melitensis and its lipopolysaccharide in mouse model infected via intranasal route of exposure
    Osman AY, Saharee AA, Jesse FF, Kadir AA
    Microb Pathog, 2017 Sep;110:365-374.
    PMID: 28710016 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.07.014
    In this study, we developed a mouse model and characterized the effects of intranasal inoculation of virulent Brucella melitensis strain 16M and its lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The effects of the exposure were compared with respective control groups. Both Brucella melitensis-infected and LPS-infected groups showed no significant clinical presentation with minor relevance in the mortality associated with the infection. In Brucella melitensis-infected group, significant histopathological changes in comparison to the LPS infected group with increase bacterial burden in the lungs, reproductive and reticuloendothelial organs were observed. However, both infected groups showed elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine expression (IL-1β and IL6) and antibody production (IgM an IgG) as early as 3 days post-infection with predominance in LPS infected group. In contrast, low levels of sex related hormonal changes was recorded in both infected groups throughout the experimental period. This is the first detailed investigation comparing the infection progression and host responses in relation to the immunopathophysiological aspects in mouse model after intranasal inoculation with B. melitensis and its lipopolysaccharide. The study revealed a significant difference between infected and control groups with overlap in clinical, pathological, and immunological responses as well as sex related hormonal changes resulting from the infections.
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney/pathology
  8. Fulltext Histopathology and biochemistry analysis of the interaction between sunitinib and paracetamol in mice
    Lim AY, Segarra I, Chakravarthi S, Akram S, Judson JP
    BMC Pharmacol., 2010;10:14.
    PMID: 20950441 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2210-10-14
    BACKGROUND: Sunitinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor to treat GIST and mRCC may interact with paracetamol as both undergo P450 mediated biotransformation and P-glycoprotein transport. This study evaluates the effects of sunitinib-paracetamol coadministration on liver and renal function biomarkers and liver, kidney, brain, heart and spleen histopathology. ICR male mice (n = 6 per group/dose) were administered saline (group-A) or paracetamol 500 mg/kg IP (group-B), or sunitinib at 25, 50, 80, 100, 140 mg/kg PO (group-C) or coadministered sunitinib at 25, 50, 80, 100, 140 mg/kg PO and paracetamol IP at fixed dose 500 mg/kg (group-D). Paracetamol was administered 15 min before sunitinib. Mice were sacrificed 4 h post sunitinib administration.
    RESULTS: Group-A serum ALT and AST levels were 14.29 ± 2.31 U/L and 160.37 ± 24.74 U/L respectively and increased to 249.6 ± 222.7 U/L and 377.1 ± 173.6 U/L respectively in group-B; group-C ALT and AST ranged 36.75-75.02 U/L and 204.4-290.3 U/L respectively. After paracetamol coadministration with low sunitinib doses (group-D), ALT and AST concentrations ranged 182.79-221.03 U/L and 259.7-264.4 U/L respectively, lower than group-B. Paracetamol coadministration with high sunitinib doses showed higher ALT and AST values (range 269.6-349.2 U/L and 430.2-540.3 U/L respectively), p < 0.05. Hepatic histopathology showed vascular congestion in group-B; mild congestion in group-C (but lesser than in group-B and D). In group-D, at low doses of sunitinib, lesser damage than in group-B occurred but larger changes including congestion were observed at high sunitinib doses. BUN levels were higher (p < 0.05) for group-B (33.81 ± 5.68 mg/dL) and group-D (range 35.01 ± 6.95 U/L to 52.85 ± 12.53 U/L) compared to group-A (15.60 ± 2.17 mg/dL) and group-C (range 17.50 ± 1.25 U/L to 26.68 ± 6.05 U/L). Creatinine remained unchanged. Renal congestion and necrosis was lower in group-C than group-B but was higher in group-D (p > 0.05). Mild cardiotoxicity occurred in groups B, C and D. Brain vascular congestion occurred at high doses of sunitinib administered alone or with paracetamol. Hepatic and renal biomarkers correlated with histopathology signs.
    CONCLUSIONS: Paracetamol and sunitinib coadministration may lead to dose dependent outcomes exhibiting mild hepatoprotective effect or increased hepatotoxicity. Sunitinib at high doses show renal, cardiac and brain toxicity. Liver and renal function monitoring is recommended.
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney/pathology
  9. Sub-acute toxicity evaluation of an aqueous extract of Labisia pumila, a Malaysian herb
    Singh GD, Ganjoo M, Youssouf MS, Koul A, Sharma R, Singh S, et al.
    Food Chem Toxicol, 2009 Oct;47(10):2661-5.
    PMID: 19654032 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2009.07.031
    Labisia pumila (Myrsinaceae), is a popular herb among the women in Malaysia known locally as "Kacip Fatimah". Recently many nutraceutical products containing the powdered or extracted parts of the plant have become available for women's health care. However no evaluation of the effect of the repeated dosing of any herbal product of this plant had been undertaken prior to a 28-day sub-acute study presented in this report. The results showed that a dose of 50mg/kg of an aqueous extract of L. pumila corresponded to no-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL), whereas higher doses were associated with some toxicity concerns.
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney/pathology
  10. Effect of high saturated free fatty acids feeding on progression of renal failure in rat model of experimental nephrotoxicity
    Ibraheem ZO, Sattar MA, Abdullah NA, Rathore HA, Johns EJ
    Bosn J Basic Med Sci, 2012 Feb;12(1):26-32.
    PMID: 22364300
    The current study evaluates the impact of high saturated fat feeding in rat model of experimental nephrotoxicity induced by gentamicin. Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 200 g were randomized into four groups; the first one received the standard rodents chow for 8 weeks and was treated as control, the second group (HFD)received an experimental high fat diet rich in palm kernel oil (40% of Calories as fat) for the same period. The third group (HFDG) was given 80 mg/kg (body weight)/day gentamicin sulphate intraperitoneally during the last 24 days of the feeding period while the fourth group was given gentamicin as above along with the standard rodents chow. Renal function was assessed through measuring serum creatinine, creatinine clearance and absolute and fractional excretion of both sodium and potassium. At the end, rats underwent a surgical procedure for blood pressure measurement. Renal function study showed a stronger nephrotoxicity for HFDG group. Hypertension was observed in HFD group while the pressure declined after gentamicin co-administration. Overall, changing the feeding behavior toward using more SAFFAs for rats injected with gentamicin promotes the progression of renal failure.
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney/pathology
  11. Renal ischemic injury affects renal hemodynamics and excretory functions in Sprague Dawley rats: involvement of renal sympathetic tone
    Salman IM, Sattar MA, Abdullah NA, Ameer OZ, Yam MF, Kaur G, et al.
    Ren Fail, 2010 Jan;32(1):96-102.
    PMID: 20113274 DOI: 10.3109/08860220903389196
    The role of renal sympathetic nerves in the pathogenesis of ischemic acute renal failure (ARF) and the immediate changes in the renal excretory functions following renal ischemia were investigated. Two groups of male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were anesthetized (pentobarbitone sodium, 60 mg kg(-1) i.p.) and subjected to unilateral renal ischemia by clamping the left renal artery for 30 min followed by reperfusion. In group 1, the renal nerves were electrically stimulated and the responses in the renal blood flow (RBF) and renal vascular resistance (RVR) were recorded, while group 2 was used to study the early changes in the renal functions following renal ischemia. In post-ischemic animals, basal RBF and the renal vasoconstrictor reperfusion to renal nerve stimulation (RNS) were significantly lower (all p < 0.05 vs. control). Mean arterial pressure (MAP), basal RVR, urine flow rate (UFR), absolute and fractional excretions of sodium (U(Na)V and FE(Na)), and potassium (U(K)V and FE(K)) were higher in ARF rats (all p < 0.05 vs. control). Post-ischemic animals showed markedly lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (p < 0.05 vs. control). No appreciable differences were observed in urinary sodium to potassium ratio (U(Na)/U(K)) during the early reperfusion phase of renal ischemia (p > 0.05 vs. control). The data suggest an immediate involvement of renal sympathetic nerve action in the pathogenesis of ischemic ARF primarily through altered renal hemodynamics. Diuresis, natriuresis, and kaliuresis due to impaired renal tubular functions are typical responses to renal ischemia and of comparable magnitudes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney/pathology
  12. Fulltext Effect of TGF-beta1 antisense oligodeoxynucleotide on renal function in chronic renal failure rats
    Hiong LC, Voon KL, Abdullah NA, Sattar MA, Rahman NA, Khan AH, et al.
    Acta Pharmacol Sin, 2008 Apr;29(4):451-7.
    PMID: 18358091 DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-7254.2008.00772.x
    The aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) in ameliorating deteriorated kidney function in rats with puromycin-induced chronic renal failure (CRF).
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney/pathology
  13. Characterization of renal hemodynamic and structural alterations in rat models of renal impairment: role of renal sympathoexcitation
    Salman IM, Ameer OZ, Sattar MA, Abdullah NA, Yam MF, Najim HS, et al.
    J Nephrol, 2010 5 4;24(1):68-77.
    PMID: 20437405 DOI: 10.5301/jn.2010.6
    BACKGROUND: Renal sympathetic innervation plays an important role in the control of renal hemodynamics and may therefore contribute to the pathophysiology of many disease states affecting the kidney. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the role of the renal sympathetic nervous system in the early deteriorations of renal hemodynamics and structure in rats with pathophysiological states of renal impairment.

    METHODS: Anesthetized Sprague Dawley (SD) rats with cisplatin-induced acute renal failure (ARF) or streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes mellitus (DM) were subjected to a renal hemodynamic study 7 days after cisplatin and STZ administration. During the acute study, renal nerves were electrically stimulated, and responses in renal blood flow (RBF) and renal vascular resistance (RVR) were recorded in the presence and absence of renal denervation. Post mortem kidney collection was performed for histopathological assessment.

    RESULTS: In innervated ARF or DM rats, renal nerve stimulation produced significantly lower (all p<0.05, vs. innervated control) renal vasoconstrictor responses. These responses were markedly abolished when renal denervation was performed (all p<0.05); however, they appeared significantly higher compared with denervated controls (all p<0.05). Kidney injury was suppressed in denervated ARF, while, irrespective of renal denervation, renal specimens from DM rats were comparable to controls.

    CONCLUSIONS: Renal sympathoexcitation is involved in the pathogenesis of the renal impairment accompanying ARF and DM, and may even precede the establishment of an observable renal injury. There is a possible enhancement in the renal sensitivity to intrarenal norepinephrine following renal denervation in ARF and DM rats.
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney/pathology
  14. Fulltext Prenatal diagnosis of infantile polycystic kidneys: a case report
    Raman S, Rachagan SP, Boopalan P, Jeyarani S
    Med J Malaysia, 1986 Dec;41(4):361-4.
    PMID: 3312976
    A case of infantile polycystic kidneys diagnosed prenatally by ultrasound is presented here. This condition was confirmed at post-mortem following delivery of the child. The clinical and pathological features of this inheritable disease is discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney/pathology
  15. Platelet enhancement by Carica papaya L. leaf fractions in cyclophosphamide induced thrombocytopenic rats is due to elevated expression of CD110 receptor on megakaryocytes
    Nandini C, Madhunapantula SV, Bovilla VR, Ali M, Mruthunjaya K, Santhepete MN, et al.
    J Ethnopharmacol, 2021 Jul 15;275:114074.
    PMID: 33831466 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114074
    ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Carica papaya leaf juice/decoction has been in use in folk medicine in Srilanka, Malaysia and in few parts of India for enhancing the platelet counts in dengue. In Siddha medicine, a traditional form of medicine in India, papaya leaf juice has been used for increasing the platelet counts. Papaya leaf has been reported to enhance blood volume in ancient Ayurveda books in India. Carica papaya leaf is well known for its platelet enhancement activity. Although many preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated the ability of papaya leaf juice for platelet enhancement, but the underlying mechanisms are still unclear.

    AIM OF THE STUDY: The study is aimed at identifying the key ingredients of papaya leaf extract and elucidate the mechanism (s) of action of the identified potent component in mitigating thrombocytopenia (Thp).

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: C. papaya leaf juice was subjected for sequential fractionation to identify the anti-thrombocytopenic phytochemicals. In vivo, stable thrombocytopenia was induced by subcutaneous injection of 70 mg/kg cyclophosphamide (Cyp). After induction, rats were treated with 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight papaya leaf juice and with identified fractions for 14 days. Serum thrombopoietin level was estimated using ELISA. CD110/cMpl, a receptor for thrombopoietin on platelets was measured by western blotting.

    RESULTS: Administration of cyclophosphamide for 6 days induced thrombocytopenia (210.4 ± 14.2 × 103 cells/μL) in rats. Treating thrombocytopenic rats with papaya leaf juice and butanol fraction for 14 days significantly increased the platelet count to 1073.50 ± 29.6 and 1189.80 ± 36.5 × 103 cells/μL, respectively. C.papaya extracts normalized the elevated bleeding and clotting time and decreased oxidative markers by increasing endogenous antioxidants. A marginal increase in the serum thrombopoietin (TPO) level was observed in Cyp treated group compared to normal and treatment groups. Low expression of CD110/cMpl receptor found in Cyp treated group was enhanced by C. papaya extracts (CPJ) and CPJ-BT. Furthermore, examination of the morphology of bone marrow megakaryocytes, histopathology of liver and kidneys revealed the ability of CPJ and fractions in mitigating Cyp-induced thrombocytopenia in rats.

    CONCLUSION: C. papaya leaf juice enhances the platelet count in chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia by increasing the expression of CD110 receptor on the megakaryocytes. Hence, activating CD110 receptor might be a viable strategy to increase the platelet production in individuals suffering from thrombocytopenia.

    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney/pathology
  16. Fulltext Status epilepticus as the initial presentation of antibody-negative Goodpasture's syndrome
    Ting IP, Abdul Halim S, Adnan A, Jaafar H
    BMJ Case Rep, 2017 Aug 01;2017.
    PMID: 28765179 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2017-219628
    Goodpasture's syndrome is a rare pulmonary-renal disease. It is characterised by presence of auto-antibodies directed against the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) antigen. These antibodies that bind to the GBM antigens cause rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. The alveolar basement membrane also contains similar antigen, leading to pulmonary haemorrhage in active disease. We report a case of a young man who initially presented with status epilepticus and later was found to have rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis with pulmonary haemorrhage. Serum anti-GBM antibody was negative but the renal biopsy confirmed the diagnosis by showing typical linear IgG along the GBM on immunofluorescent study. He was treated with plasmapheresis and high-dose steroid in combination with oral cyclophosphamide. His renal function normalised after treatment.
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney/pathology*
  17. The effects of fish gender on susceptibility to acute Streptococcus agalactiae infection in Javanese medaka Oryzias javanicus
    Amal MNA, Zarif ST, Suhaiba MS, Aidil MRM, Shaqinah NN, Zamri-Saad M, et al.
    Microb Pathog, 2018 01;114:251-254.
    PMID: 29217326 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.11.069
    This study describes the susceptibility of different fish gender following acute Streptococcus agalactiae infection by using Javanese medaka Oryzias javanicus as test fish. The fish were grouped into four groups, which were: (1) all-male; (2) all-female; (3) mixed-gender (1 male: 1 female ratio); and (4) control non-infected (1 male: 1 female ratio). The fish in group 1, 2 and 3 were intraperitoneally exposed to 5.4 × 108 CFU/mL of S. agalactiae, while for group 4, the fish were exposed using sterile broth. The main clinical signs and histopathological changes of infected Javanese medaka were commonly observed in S. agalactiae infected fishes. However, no difference on clinical signs and histopathological changes of fish in group 1, 2 and 3 were noticed. The Javanese medaka mortality in group 1, 2 and 3 were observed from 4 h post infection (hpi) to 6 hpi, with the cumulative mortality from 3% to 30%. Then, the mortality increased at 12 hpi, with the range from 53% to 80%. However, 100% of the infected fish dead at 24 hpi. No clinical sign, histopathological change and fish mortality recorded in group 4. Generally, the clinical signs, mortality patterns, cumulative mortality and histopathological changes of Javanese medaka infected by S. agalactiae did not show any difference between the all-male, all-female and mixed-gender groups. This indicates that the susceptibility of fish to S. agalactiae infection is not influenced by their gender.
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney/pathology
  18. Diazinon-induced oxidative stress and renal dysfunction in rats
    Shah MD, Iqbal M
    Food Chem Toxicol, 2010 Dec;48(12):3345-53.
    PMID: 20828599 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2010.09.003
    Diazinon (O,O-diethyl-O-[2-isopropyl-6-methyl-4-pyrimidinyl] phosphoro thioate), an organo-phosphate insecticide, has been used worldwide in agriculture and domestic for several years, which has led to a variety of negative effects in non target species including humans. However, its nephrotoxic effects and mechanism of action has not been fully elucidated so far. Therefore, the present study was aimed at evaluating the nephrotoxic effects of diazinon and its mechanism of action with special reference to its possible ROS generating potential in rats. Treatment of rats with diazinon significantly enhances renal lipid peroxidation which is accompanied by a decrease in the activities of renal antioxidant enzymes (e.g. catalase, glutathione peroxidise, glutathione reductase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glutathione S-transferase) and depletion in the level of glutathione reduced. In contrast, the activities of renal γ-glutamyl transpeptidase and quinone reductase were increased. Parallel to these changes, diazinon treatment enhances renal damage as evidenced by sharp increase in blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine. Additionally, the impairment of renal function corresponds histopathologically. In summary, our results indicate that diazinon treatment eventuates in decreased renal glutathione reduced, a fall in the activities of antioxidant enzymes including the enzymes involved in glutathione metabolism and excessive production of oxidants with concomitant renal damage, all of which are involved in the cascade of events leading to diazinon-mediated renal oxidative stress and toxicity. We concluded that in diazinon exposure, depletion of antioxidant enzymes is accompanied by induction of oxidative stress that might be beneficial in monitoring diazinon toxicity.
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney/pathology
  19. Fulltext Lipoprotein lipase expression, serum lipid and tissue lipid deposition in orally-administered glycyrrhizic acid-treated rats
    Lim WY, Chia YY, Liong SY, Ton SH, Kadir KA, Husain SN
    Lipids Health Dis, 2009;8:31.
    PMID: 19638239 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511X-8-31
    The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of metabolic abnormalities comprising visceral obesity, dyslipidaemia and insulin resistance (IR). With the onset of IR, the expression of lipoprotein lipase (LPL), a key regulator of lipoprotein metabolism, is reduced. Increased activation of glucocorticoid receptors results in MetS symptoms and is thus speculated to have a role in the pathophysiology of the MetS. Glycyrrhizic acid (GA), the bioactive constituent of licorice roots (Glycyrrhiza glabra) inhibits 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 that catalyzes the activation of glucocorticoids. Thus, oral administration of GA is postulated to ameliorate the MetS.
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney/pathology
  20. Evaluating the toxic and beneficial effects of jering beans (Archidendron jiringa) in normal and diabetic rats
    Shukri R, Mohamed S, Mustapha NM, Hamid AA
    J Sci Food Agric, 2011 Nov;91(14):2697-706.
    PMID: 21744354 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.4516
    Jering (Archidendron jiringa) is eaten in the tropics and traditionally extolled for treating diabetes, high blood pressure and eliminating bladder stones. Jering contains an unusual amino acid-djenkolic acid (S,S'-methylenebiscysteine)-which may form sharp crystals in the urinary tract, causing pain and haematuria. This study evaluates the beneficial and toxic effects of dietary jering on tissues and organs in normal and diabetic rats.
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney/pathology
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