Displaying publications 61 - 80 of 335 in total

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  1. The 808 nm and 980 nm infrared laser irradiation affects spore germination and stored calcium homeostasis: A comparative study using delivery hand-pieces with standard (Gaussian) or flat-top profile
    Ferrando S, Agas D, Mirata S, Signore A, De Angelis N, Ravera S, et al.
    J. Photochem. Photobiol. B, Biol., 2019 Oct;199:111627.
    PMID: 31536925 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2019.111627
    Photobiomodulation relies on the transfer of energy from incident photons to a cell photoacceptor. For many years the concept of photobiomodulation and its outcome has been based upon a belief that the sole receptor within the cell was the mitochondrion. Recently, it has become apparent that there are other photoacceptors operating in different regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. Alternative photoacceptors would appear to be water and mechanisms regulating calcium homeostasis, despite a direct effect of laser photonic energy on intracellular calcium concentration outwith mitochondrial activity or influence, have not been clearly demonstrated. Therefore, to increase the knowledge of intracellular‑calcium and laser photon interaction, as well as to demonstrate differences in irradiation profiles with modern hand-pieces, we tested and compared the photobiomodulatory effect of 808 nm and 980 nm diode laser light by low- and higher-energy (60s, 100 mW/cm2, 100 mW/cm2, 500 mW/cm2, 1000 mW/cm2, 1500 mW/cm2, 2000 mW/cm2) irradiated with a "standard" (Gaussian fluence distribution) hand-piece or with a "flat-top" (uniform fluence) hand-piece. For this purpose, we used the eukaryote unicellular-model Dictyostelium discoideum. The 808 nm and 980 nm infrared laser light, at the energy tested directly affect the stored Ca2+ homeostasis, independent of the mitochondrial respiratory chain activities. From an organism perspective, the effect on Ca2+-dependent signal transduction as the regulator of spore germination in Dictyostelium, demonstrates how a cell can respond quickly to the correct laser photonic stimulus through a different cellular pathway than the known light-chromophore(mitochondria) interaction. Additionally, both hand-piece designs tested were able to photobiomodulate the D. discoideum cell; however, the hand-piece with a flat-top profile, through uniform fluence levels allows more effective and reproducible effects.
    Matched MeSH terms: Low-Level Light Therapy
  2. Fulltext Silent occlusive retinal vasculitis in a patient with pulmonary tuberculosis
    Nadia Yaacob, Adil Hussein, Maizan Yaakob, Zuraidah Mustari
    Journal of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, 2018;3(1):31-34.
    MyJurnal
    The presence of retinal vasculitis in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis is not uncommon. However, asymptomatic presentations are quite rare. Here, we present a case of 25-year-old Malay gentleman with pulmonary tuberculosis, who was referred for an eye assessment following initiation of anti-tuberculosis drugs. His vision was good; he had no other symptoms despite having retinal neovascularization, pre-retinal haemorrhages and healed choroiditis at the fundus of the left eye. Fundus fluorescein angiography showed multiple areas of capillary fallouts at the superotemporal quadrant of the left eye with leakage from the retinal neovascularization. He was treated with laser retinal photocoagulation and oral steroids for 6 weeks, while the anti-tuberculosis drugs were continued for 9 months. Subsequent follow-ups showed regression of the neovascularization. He has remained asymptomatic since his initial visit to the eye clinic.
    Matched MeSH terms: Light Coagulation
  3. Light exposure accelerates oxidative protein polymerization in beef stored in high oxygen atmosphere
    Zainudin MAM, Poojary MM, Jongberg S, Lund MN
    Food Chem, 2019 Nov 30;299:125132.
    PMID: 31299519 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125132
    Protein oxidation of beef patties stored in high oxygen modified atmosphere packaging for 9 days was investigated. Meat was either stored in the dark, under light, or in the dark with addition of FeCl2/H2O2/myoglobin (forced oxidation). SDS-PAGE analysis showed high degree of protein polymerization for meat exposed to light, compared to the other samples. Light exposure induced reducible (disulfide) and non-reducible cross-links, while mainly disulfides were formed in meat stored in the dark. Light exposure was responsible for 58% loss of free thiols (Cys residues). No significant loss of other amino acid residues was observed and none of the most common oxidation products of tryptophan, tyrosine, and phenylalanine were detected. Intrinsic fluorescence measurements of tryptophan showed 27% loss in samples exposed to light, which was ascribed to loss of protein solubility via protein polymerization rather than tryptophan oxidation. Protein carbonyls were mainly detected in forced oxidized samples at Day 0.
    Matched MeSH terms: Light
  4. Extracellular Vesicles Derived From Colorectal Cancer Affects CD8 T Cells: An Analysis Based on Body Mass Index
    Abu N, Othman N, Ab Razak NS, Bakarurraini NAAR, Nasir SN, Soh JEC, et al.
    Front Cell Dev Biol, 2020;8:564648.
    PMID: 33324632 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.564648
    Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most widely diagnosed cancers worldwide. It has been shown that the body-mass index (BMI) of the patients could influence the tumor microenvironment, treatment response, and overall survival rates. Nevertheless, the mechanism on how BMI affects the tumorigenesis process, particularly the tumor microenvironment is still elusive. Herein, we postulate that extracellular vesicles (EVs) from CRC patients and non-CRC volunteers with different BMI could affect immune cells differently, in CD8 T cells particularly. We isolated the EVs from the archived serum of CRC patients with high and low BMI, as well as healthy controls with similar BMI status. The EVs were further characterized via electron microscopy, western blot and dynamic light scattering. Then, functional analysis was performed on CD8 T cells including apoptosis, cell proliferation, gene expression profiling and cytokine release upon co-incubation with the different EVs. Our results suggest that CRC-derived EVs were able to regulate the CD8 T cells. In some assays, low BMI EVs were functionally different than high BMI EVs. This study highlights the possible difference in the regulatory mechanism of cancer patients-derived EVs, especially on CD8 T cells.
    Matched MeSH terms: Dynamic Light Scattering
  5. Fulltext Expression, purification and characterization of the dimeric protruding domain of Macrobrachium rosenbergii nodavirus capsid protein expressed in Escherichia coli
    Chong LC, Ganesan H, Yong CY, Tan WS, Ho KL
    PLoS One, 2019;14(2):e0211740.
    PMID: 30707739 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211740
    Macrobrachium rosenbergii nodavirus (MrNV) is the causative agent of white tail disease (WTD) which seriously impedes the production of the giant freshwater prawn and has a major economic impact. MrNV contains two segmented RNA molecules, which encode the RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and the capsid protein (MrNV-CP) containing 371 amino acid residues. MrNV-CP comprises of the Shell (S) and the Protruding (P) domains, ranging from amino acid residues 1-252 and 253-371, respectively. The P-domain assembles into dimeric protruding spikes, and it is believed to be involved in host cell attachment and internalization. In this study, the recombinant P-domain of MrNV-CP was successfully cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli, purified with an immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) and size exclusion chromatography (SEC) up to ~90% purity. Characterization of the purified recombinant P-domain with SEC revealed that it formed dimers, and dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis demonstrated that the hydrodynamic diameter of the dimers was ~6 nm. Circular dichroism (CD) analysis showed that the P-domain contained 67.9% of beta-sheets, but without alpha-helical structures. This is in good agreement with the cryo-electron microscopic analysis of MrNV which demonstrated that the P-domain contains only beta-stranded structures. Our findings of this study provide essential information for the production of the P-domain of MrNV-CP that will aid future studies particularly studies that will shed light on anti-viral drug discovery and provide an understanding of virus-host interactions and the viral pathogenicity.
    Matched MeSH terms: Dynamic Light Scattering
  6. Fulltext Phytogenic Synthesis of Pd-Ag/rGO Nanostructures Using Stevia Leaf Extract for Photocatalytic H2 Production and Antibacterial Studies
    Mallikarjuna K, Nasif O, Ali Alharbi S, Chinni SV, Reddy LV, Reddy MRV, et al.
    Biomolecules, 2021 01 29;11(2).
    PMID: 33572968 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020190
    Continuously increasing energy demand and growing concern about energy resources has attracted much research in the field of clean and sustainable energy sources. In this context, zero-emission fuels are required for energy production to reduce the usage of fossil fuel resources. Here, we present the synthesis of Pd-Ag-decorated reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanostructures using a green chemical approach with stevia extract for hydrogen production and antibacterial studies under light irradiation. Moreover, bimetallic nanostructures are potentially lime lighted due to their synergetic effect in both scientific and technical aspects. Structural characteristics such as crystal structure and morphological features of the synthesized nanostructures were analyzed using X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Analysis of elemental composition and oxidation states was carried out by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Optical characteristics of the biosynthesized nanostructures were obtained by UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to investigate possible functional groups that act as reducing and capping agents. The antimicrobial activity of the biosynthesized Pd-Ag-decorated rGO nanostructures was excellent, inactivating 96% of Escherichia coli cells during experiments over 150 min under visible light irradiation. Hence, these biosynthesized Pd-Ag-decorated rGO nanostructures can be utilized for alternative nanomaterial-based drug development in the future.
    Matched MeSH terms: Light
  7. Fulltext Vitreous haemorrhage: a consequence of herpes simplex acute retinal necrosis
    Sherina, Q., Rosiah, M., Mushawiahti, M.
    Medicine & Health, 2019;14(2):271-277.
    MyJurnal
    Acute retinal necrosis (ARN) is a rare, blinding disease that typically affects adults. However, in this case report, we highlight the diagnosis, management and outcome of herpes simplex acute retinal necrosis in a 13-year-old healthy girl, who presented with painful right eye, redness and blurring of vision for one week. Examination of the right eye showed features of granulomatous panuveitis. Optic disc was swollen and retina appeared pale. There were multiple patches of retinitis and haemorrhages at mid-periphery of the fundus with inferior serous detachment observed. Rapidly progressive inflammation in just four days along with secondary cataract that obscured fundus view, imposed greater challenge to the diagnosis and management. Intravenous acyclovir 300mg, 3 times a day was initiated promptly while vitreous fluid was sent for polymerase chain reaction, which identified Herpes Simplex Virus-1. Inflammation improved, but she developed vitreous haemorrhage secondary to proliferative retinopathy, which required panretinal photocoagulation. ARN is therefore, principally a clinical diagnosis and high index of suspicion is crucial particularly, in children for prompt diagnosis and treatment. Complications should also be addressed timely to improve the chances of preserving vision.

    Matched MeSH terms: Light Coagulation
  8. Combination of light and oxygen accelerates formation of covalent protein-polyphenol bonding during chill storage of meat added 4-methyl catechol
    Zainudin MAM, Jongberg S, Lund MN
    Food Chem, 2021 Jan 01;334:127611.
    PMID: 32712493 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127611
    Plant polyphenols applied as natural antioxidant ingredients, are known to bind to cysteine residues on meat proteins. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of light exposure on the formation of cysteine-phenol adduct in meat added 4-methylcatechol (4MC), a model polyphenol, during storage through quantitative LC-MS/MS-based analysis. Cysteine-4-methylcatechol adduct (Cys-4MC) formation in meat added 1500 ppm 4-MC increased significantly (by 50%) when stored under light in oxygen at 4 °C for 7 days as compared to storage in the dark. This was reflected by a significant decrease in thiol concentrations in the same sample. Gel electrophoresis showed loss in myosin heavy chain (MHC), and a resulting increase in cross-linked MHC (CL-MHC) and larger protein polymers in samples added 4MC. Protein blots stained with nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) showed intensive protein-polyphenol binding in the meat samples added 4MC, but no major differences between storage conditions.
    Matched MeSH terms: Light
  9. Fulltext Advanced Nanoscale Surface Characterization of CuO Nanoflowers for Significant Enhancement of Catalytic Properties
    Khan MA, Nayan N, Shadiullah, Ahmad MK, Fhong SC, Tahir M, et al.
    Molecules, 2021 May 04;26(9).
    PMID: 34064537 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092700
    In this work, advanced nanoscale surface characterization of CuO Nanoflowers synthesized by controlled hydrothermal approach for significant enhancement of catalytic properties has been investigated. The CuO nanoflower samples were characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), selected-area electron diffraction (SAED), high-angular annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM) with elemental mapping, energy dispersive spectroscopy (STEM-EDS) and UV-Vis spectroscopy techniques. The nanoscale analysis of the surface study of monodispersed individual CuO nanoflower confirmed the fine crystalline shaped morphology composed of ultrathin leaves, monoclinic structure and purified phase. The result of HR-TEM shows that the length of one ultrathin leaf of copper oxide nanoflower is about ~650-700 nm, base is about ~300.77 ± 30 nm and the average thickness of the tip of individual ultrathin leaf of copper oxide nanoflower is about ~10 ± 2 nm. Enhanced absorption of visible light ~850 nm and larger value of band gap energy (1.68 eV) have further supported that the as-grown material (CuO nanoflowers) is an active and well-designed surface morphology at the nanoscale level. Furthermore, significant enhancement of catalytic properties of copper oxide nanoflowers in the presence of H2O2 for the degradation of methylene blue (MB) with efficiency ~96.7% after 170 min was obtained. The results showed that the superb catalytic performance of well-fabricated CuO nanoflowers can open a new way for substantial applications of dye removal from wastewater and environment fields.
    Matched MeSH terms: Light
  10. Fulltext A comparative study of adult mosquito trapping using dry ice and yeast generated carbon dioxide
    Oli K, Jeffery J, Vythilingam I
    Trop Biomed, 2005 Dec;22(2):249-51.
    PMID: 16883295 MyJurnal
    Adult mosquito collections were conducted for 12 weeks in two residential areas in Kuala Lumpur. The CDC light traps were compared using dry ice and yeast as sources of carbon dioxide attractants for mosquitoes. The efficacy of the dry ice baited trap was significant over yeast generated CO2 trap. The predominant species obtained were Culex quinquefasciatus, Stegomyia albopicta and Armigeres subalbatus.
    Matched MeSH terms: Light
  11. Fulltext Improving Vesicular Integrity and Antioxidant Activity of Novel Mixed Soy Lecithin-Based Liposomes Containing Squalene and Their Stability against UV Light
    Toopkanloo SP, Tan TB, Abas F, Azam M, Nehdi IA, Tan CP
    Molecules, 2020 Dec 11;25(24).
    PMID: 33322600 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245873
    In order to improve the membrane lipophilicity and the affinity towards the environment of lipid bilayers, squalene (SQ) could be conjugated to phospholipids in the formation of liposomes. The effect of membrane composition and concentrations on the degradation of liposomes prepared via the extrusion method was investigated. Liposomes were prepared using a mixture of SQ, cholesterol (CH) and Tween80 (TW80). Based on the optimal conditions, liposome batches were prepared in the absence and presence of SQ. Their physicochemical and stability behavior were evaluated as a function of liposome constituent. From the optimization study, the liposomal formulation containing 5% (w/w) mixed soy lecithin (ML), 0.5% (w/w) SQ, 0.3% (w/w) CH and 0.75% (w/w) TW80 had optimal physicochemical properties and displayed a unilamellar structure. Liposome prepared using the optimal formulation had a low particle size (158.31 ± 2.96 nm) and acceptable %increase in the particle size (15.09% ± 3.76%) and %trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (%TEAC) loss (35.69% ± 0.72%) against UV light treatment (280-320 nm) for 6 h. The interesting outcome of this research was the association of naturally occurring substance SQ for size reduction without the extra input of energy or mechanical procedures, and improvement of vesicle stability and antioxidant activity of ML-based liposome. This study also demonstrated that the presence of SQ in the membrane might increase the acyl chain dynamics and decrease the viscosity of the dispersion, thereby limiting long-term stability of the liposome.
    Matched MeSH terms: Light
  12. Fulltext Bilateral retinal vasculitis: a presumed case of ocular TB without inflammation
    Umi Kalthum, M.N., Norfarizal, A., Rona Asnida, N., Ayesha, M.Z., Jemaima, C.H.
    Medicine & Health, 2012;7(2):97-101.
    MyJurnal
    A 17-year-old male student of Indonesian parentage presented with two weeks history of progressive painless bilateral visual deterioration. There was no contact with tuberculosis (TB)-infected patients and parents claimed that all immunization including BCG was completed. However, BCG scar was not apparent. Visual acuity was 6/36 and 6/60 in the right and left eyes respectively. The anterior and vitreous chambers were quiet. Funduscopic examination revealed retinal vasculitis with perivascular exudates, branch vein occlusion, neovascularization and macular oedema. Fluorescein angiography confirmed large areas of capillary non-perfusion and leaking new vessels. Mantoux test was positive and full regime anti-TB therapy was instituted. HIV screening was negative. Three days later, an immunosuppressive dose of oral steroid was started. Both eyes received intensive laser photocoagulation.Interestingly, there was no development of vitritis throughout.
    Matched MeSH terms: Light Coagulation
  13. Near-infrared activatable phthalocyanine-poly-L-glutamic acid conjugate: increased cellular uptake and light-dark toxicity ratio toward an effective photodynamic cancer therapy
    Kiew LV, Cheah HY, Voon SH, Gallon E, Movellan J, Ng KH, et al.
    Nanomedicine, 2017 05;13(4):1447-1458.
    PMID: 28214608 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2017.02.002
    In photodynamic therapy (PDT), the low absorptivity of photosensitizers in an aqueous environment reduces singlet oxygen generation efficiency and thereby decreases photosensitizing efficacy in biological conditions. To circumvent this problem, we designed a phthalocyanine-poly-L-glutamic acid conjugate (1-PG) made from a new phthalocyanine (Pc 1) monofunctionalized to allow adequate conjugation to PGA. The resulting 1-PG conjugate retained high absorptivity in the near-infrared (NIR) region at its λmax675nm in an aqueous environment. The 1-PG conjugate demonstrated good singlet oxygen generation efficiency, increased uptake by 4 T1 breast cancer cells via clathrin-mediated endocytosis, and enhanced photocytotoxic efficacy. The conjugate also displayed a high light-dark toxicity ratio, approximately 1.5-fold greater than zinc phthalocyanine at higher concentration (10 μM), an important feature for the reduction of dark toxicity and unwanted side effects. These results suggest that the 1-PG conjugate could be a useful alternative for deep tissue treatment with enhanced anti-cancer (PDT) efficacy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Light
  14. Fulltext Genes and genealogy of the guppy fish, Poecilia reticulata
    Khoo, Gideon, Lim, Tit Meng, Phang, Violet Pan Eng
    Buletin Persatuan Genetik Malaysia, 2006;12(1):5-7.
    MyJurnal
    Since the early 1950’s, Singapore is internationally known as the guppy-breeding centre. At least 40 different colour varieties of guppies are cultured in Singapore, with each farm specialising in 10 to 15 varieties. These fancy varieties have been developed by skilful farmers through intensive and continual selective breeding. Genes controlling background body pigmentation such as albino (a), blond (b), gold (g) and blue (r) are autosomally inherited and recessive to their wild-type alleles which produce drab olive-brown background coloration. Colour patterns which are superimposed onto wild-type background coloration are due to genes located on the sex chromosomes. These
    sex-linked colour genes are dominant and sex-limited to males as their expression requires male hormones. Y-linked colour pattern genes carried by males are inherited only along the paternal line while X-linked genes are present in both sexes. Among the guppy varieties produced locally, only two Y-linked genes, Ssb and Sst, that control snakeskin tail and body patterns, respectively, have been found in varieties with snakeskin-like reticulations. Single colour genes that are both X- and Y-linked produce red (Rdt), blue (Blt), green (Grt), black (Bt) and variegated (Var) patterns
    on the caudal fin. The black caudal-peduncle of the Tuxedo variety is the result of Bcp, a gene that is both X- and Ylinked. Different combinations of colour pattern genes and background pigmentation genes as well as interactions among them give rise to various colour phenotypes. For
    instance, the inclusion of Bcp in Snakeskin varieties causes black reticulations on the tail fin to be replaced by large, coarse black spots. Neon coloration is produced by interactions between the Ln (light turquoise) gene with Blt, Rdt and Bcp.
    Matched MeSH terms: Light
  15. Fulltext Hemangioblastoma in the setting of von hippel lindau disease: a case report
    Raajini Devi K, Aida Zairani MI, Hazlita MI, Jemaima CH, Farizal F, Safinaz Mohd Khialdin
    Journal of Surgical Academia, 2016;6(1):54-58.
    MyJurnal
    A 21-year-old Chinese gentleman with no known medical illness, presented with a history of right painless blurring of vision with central scotoma of two weeks duration. He also had a history of multiple episodes of seizures prior to presentation. Visual acuity was 1/60 with unremarkable anterior segment findings and no relative afferent pupillary defect. Fundus examination of the right eye revealed dilated and tortuous retinal veins with multiple retinal capillary hemangiomas and sub retinal hard exudates at the macula with edema. A diagnosis of Von Hippel Lindau disease was made when a posterior fossa mass suggestive of hemangioblastoma with obstructive hydrocephalus was seen on computed tomography of the brain. Craniotomy with nodule excision was performed. The retinal capillary hemangiomas were treated with the combination of laser photocoagulation and intravitreal Ranibizumab injections. Visual acuity subsequently improved to 6/36.
    Matched MeSH terms: Light Coagulation
  16. The potential of computer vision, optical backscattering parameters and artificial neural network modelling in monitoring the shrinkage of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) during drying
    Onwude DI, Hashim N, Abdan K, Janius R, Chen G
    J Sci Food Agric, 2018 Mar;98(4):1310-1324.
    PMID: 28758207 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8595
    BACKGROUND: Drying is a method used to preserve agricultural crops. During the drying of products with high moisture content, structural changes in shape, volume, area, density and porosity occur. These changes could affect the final quality of dried product and also the effective design of drying equipment. Therefore, this study investigated a novel approach in monitoring and predicting the shrinkage of sweet potato during drying. Drying experiments were conducted at temperatures of 50-70 °C and samples thicknesses of 2-6 mm. The volume and surface area obtained from camera vision, and the perimeter and illuminated area from backscattered optical images were analysed and used to evaluate the shrinkage of sweet potato during drying.

    RESULTS: The relationship between dimensionless moisture content and shrinkage of sweet potato in terms of volume, surface area, perimeter and illuminated area was found to be linearly correlated. The results also demonstrated that the shrinkage of sweet potato based on computer vision and backscattered optical parameters is affected by the product thickness, drying temperature and drying time. A multilayer perceptron (MLP) artificial neural network with input layer containing three cells, two hidden layers (18 neurons), and five cells for output layer, was used to develop a model that can monitor, control and predict the shrinkage parameters and moisture content of sweet potato slices under different drying conditions. The developed ANN model satisfactorily predicted the shrinkage and dimensionless moisture content of sweet potato with correlation coefficient greater than 0.95.

    CONCLUSION: Combined computer vision, laser light backscattering imaging and artificial neural network can be used as a non-destructive, rapid and easily adaptable technique for in-line monitoring, predicting and controlling the shrinkage and moisture changes of food and agricultural crops during drying. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.

    Matched MeSH terms: Light
  17. Photodynamic inactivation of Burkholderia cepacia by curcumin in combination with EDTA
    Hu J, Lin S, Tan BK, Hamzah SS, Lin Y, Kong Z, et al.
    Food Res Int, 2018 09;111:265-271.
    PMID: 30007685 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.05.042
    Burkholderia cepacia (B. cepacia) is an aerobic Gram-negative bacillus found in various aquatic environments and can cause food contamination. We investigated the photodynamic antibacterial effects of food additive curcumin combined with EDTA on B. cepacia. We found a ~4-log reduction in B. cepacia viability when photo-irradiated with curcumin at 50 μM by blue LED light (16 mW/cm2) for 30 min with 0.4% (w/v) EDTA. Moreover, the bacterial morphological alterations and the leakage of intracellular contents were observed after photodynamic treatment. There were also obvious genomic DNA cleavage and a general loss of bacterial proteins assigned to large-scale protein degradation after photodynamic inactivation treatment. Collectively, curcumin in combination with EDTA illuminated by blue LED is a potential candidate for photodynamic inactivation of B. cepacia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Light
  18. Fulltext Light-Addressable Potentiometric Sensors Using ZnO Nanorods as the Sensor Substrate for Bioanalytical Applications
    Tu Y, Ahmad N, Briscoe J, Zhang DW, Krause S
    Anal Chem, 2018 07 17;90(14):8708-8715.
    PMID: 29932632 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b02244
    Light-addressable potentiometric sensors (LAPS) are of great interest in bioimaging applications such as the monitoring of concentrations in microfluidic channels or the investigation of metabolic and signaling events in living cells. By measuring the photocurrents at electrolyte-insulator-semiconductor (EIS) and electrolyte-semiconductor structures, LAPS can produce spatiotemporal images of chemical or biological analytes, electrical potentials and impedance. However, its commercial applications are often restricted by their limited AC photocurrents and resolution of LAPS images. Herein, for the first time, the use of 1D semiconducting oxides in the form of ZnO nanorods for LAPS imaging is explored to solve this issue. A significantly increased AC photocurrent with enhanced image resolution has been achieved based on ZnO nanorods, with a photocurrent of 45.7 ± 0.1 nA at a light intensity of 0.05 mW, a lateral resolution as low as 3.0 μm as demonstrated by images of a PMMA dot on ZnO nanorods and a pH sensitivity of 53 mV/pH. The suitability of the device for bioanalysis and bioimaging was demonstrated by monitoring the degradation of a thin poly(ester amide) film with the enzyme α-chymotrypsin using LAPS. This simple and robust route to fabricate LAPS substrates with excellent performance would provide tremendous opportunities for bioimaging.
    Matched MeSH terms: Light
  19. Silver nanoparticle functionalized CS-g-(CA-MA-PZA) carrier for sustainable anti-tuberculosis drug delivery
    Amarnath Praphakar R, Jeyaraj M, Ahmed M, Suresh Kumar S, Rajan M
    Int J Biol Macromol, 2018 Oct 15;118(Pt B):1627-1638.
    PMID: 29981824 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.07.008
    Recently, drug functionalized biodegradable polymers have been appreciated to be imperative to fabricate multi-drug delivery nanosystems for sustainable drug release. In this work, amphiphilic chitosan-grafted-(cetyl alcohol-maleic anhydride-pyrazinamide) (CS-g-(CA-MA-PZA)) was synthesized by multi-step reactions. The incorporation of rifampicin (RF) and entrapment of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) on CS-g-(CA-MA-PZA) polymer was carried out by dialysis technique. From the FT-IR experiment, the polymer modification, incorporation of drugs and the entrapment of Ag NPs on micelles were confirmed. The surface morphology of Ag NPs, polymeric system and drug loaded micelles was described by SEM, TEM and AFM techniques. In addition, the controlled release behaviour of CS-g-(CA-MA-PZA) micelles was studied by UV-Vis spectroscopy. In vitro cell viability, cell apoptosis and cellular uptake experiments shows that multi-drug delivery system could enhance the biocompatibility and higher the cytotoxicity effect on the cells. Since the prepared amphiphilic polymeric micelles exhibit spotty features and the system is a promising strategy for a novel candidate for immediate therapeutically effects for alveolar macrophages.
    Matched MeSH terms: Dynamic Light Scattering
  20. Fulltext Allergens derived from shrimp
    Mary Margaret, P.D.S., Jinap, S., Ahmad Faizal, A.R.
    International Food Research Journal, 2015;22(5):1751-1754.
    MyJurnal
    Allergy caused by food is usually type 1 allergy of four types of allergic reactions. One of the most widespread allergic is those that are caused by crustacean shellfish. Crustaceans are classified among arthropods which include crab, crayfish, lobster, prawn and shrimp. Shrimp which are broadly consumed as nutritional food is one of the most important food that contribute to allergy. Thus, reducing the allergenicity of shrimp allergen will be helpful to individuals who are sensitive to shrimp and for this reason the characteristics of each allergen need to be studied. Those sensitized individuals can develop urticaria, angiodema, laryngospasm, asthma and life threatening anaphylaxis. To date, four main allergens contribute to allergic reactions. They are tropomyosin (TM), a highly conserved and heat stable myofibrillar protein of 35-38 kDa followed by arginine kinase (AK) which is also known as Pen m 2 or Lit v 2 with 40 kDa. Two other contributing allergens are sarcoplasmic calcium-binding protein (SCP) also known as Lit v 4 with 22 kDa and myosin light chain (MLC) which is also termed as Lit v 3 with 20 kDa. This mini-review will provide a better understanding of each allergen derived from shrimp which subsequently will help to reduce the allergenicity.
    Matched MeSH terms: Myosin Light Chains
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