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Fulltext Enhanced blood compatibility of metallocene polyethylene subjected to hydrochloric acid treatment for cardiovascular implants

Jaganathan SK, Mohandas H, Sivakumar G, Kasi P, Sudheer T, Avineri Veetil S, et al.

Biomed Res Int, 2014;2014:963149.
PMID: 24955370 DOI: 10.1155/2014/963149

Blood compatibility of metallocene polyethylene (mPE) was investigated after modifying the surface using hydrochloric acid. Contact angle of the mPE exposed to HCl poses a decrease in its value which indicates increasing wettability and better blood compatibility. Surface of mPE analyzed by using FTIR revealed no significant changes in its functional groups after treatment. Furthermore, scanning electron microscope images supported the increasing wettability through the modifications like pit formations and etching on the acid rendered surface. To evaluate the effect of acid treatment on the coagulation cascade, prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) were measured. Both PT and APTT were delayed significantly (P < 0.05) after 60 min exposure implying improved blood compatibility of the surfaces. Hemolysis assay of the treated surface showed a remarkable decrease in the percentage of lysis of red blood cells when compared with untreated surface. Moreover, platelet adhesion assay demonstrated that HCl exposed surfaces deter the attachment of platelets and thereby reduce the chances of activation of blood coagulation cascade. These results confirmed the enhanced blood compatibility of mPE after HCl exposure which can be utilized for cardiovascular implants like artificial vascular prostheses, implants, and various blood contacting devices.

Matched MeSH terms: Prostheses and Implants/adverse effects; Prostheses and Implants/ultrastructure*
Fulltext Energy harvesting for the implantable biomedical devices: issues and challenges

Hannan MA, Mutashar S, Samad SA, Hussain A

Biomed Eng Online, 2014;13:79.
PMID: 24950601 DOI: 10.1186/1475-925X-13-79

The development of implanted devices is essential because of their direct effect on the lives and safety of humanity. This paper presents the current issues and challenges related to all methods used to harvest energy for implantable biomedical devices. The advantages, disadvantages, and future trends of each method are discussed. The concept of harvesting energy from environmental sources and human body motion for implantable devices has gained a new relevance. In this review, the harvesting kinetic, electromagnetic, thermal and infrared radiant energies are discussed. Current issues and challenges related to the typical applications of these methods for energy harvesting are illustrated. Suggestions and discussion of the progress of research on implantable devices are also provided. This review is expected to increase research efforts to develop the battery-less implantable devices with reduced over hole size, low power, high efficiency, high data rate, and improved reliability and feasibility. Based on current literature, we believe that the inductive coupling link is the suitable method to be used to power the battery-less devices. Therefore, in this study, the power efficiency of the inductive coupling method is validated by MATLAB based on suggested values. By further researching and improvements, in the future the implantable and portable medical devices are expected to be free of batteries.

Matched MeSH terms: Prostheses and Implants*
Fulltext Electrodeposition of Ginseng/Polyaniline Encapsulated Poly(lactic-co-glycolic Acid) Microcapsule Coating on Stainless Steel 316L at Different Deposition Parameters

Lukman SK, Al-Ashwal RH, Sultana N, Saidin S

Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo), 2019;67(5):445-451.
PMID: 31061369 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c18-00847

Electrodeposition is commonly used to deposit ceramic or metal coating on metallic implants. Its utilization in depositing polymer microcapsule coating is currently being explored. However, there is no encapsulation of drug within polymer microcapsules that will enhance its chemical and biological properties. Therefore, in this study, ginseng which is known for its multiple therapeutic effects was encapsulated inside biodegradable poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microcapsules to be coated on pre-treated medical grade stainless steel 316L (SS316L) using an electrodeposition technique. Polyaniline (PANI) was incorporated within the microcapsules to drive the formation of microcapsule coating. The electrodeposition was performed at different current densities (1-3 mA) and different deposition times (20-60 s). The chemical composition, morphology and wettability of the microcapsule coatings were characterized through attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and contact angle analyses. The changes of electrolyte colors, before and after the electrodeposition were also observed. The addition of PANI has formed low wettability and uniform microcapsule coatings at 2 mA current density and 40 s deposition time. Reduction in the current density or deposition time caused less attachment of microcapsule coatings with high wettability records. While prolonging either one parameter has led to debris formation and melted microcapsules with non-uniform wettability measurements. The color of electrolytes was also changed from milky white to dark yellow when the current density and deposition time increased. The application of tolerable current density and deposition time is crucial to obtain a uniform microcapsule coating, projecting a controlled release of encapsulated drug.

Matched MeSH terms: Prostheses and Implants
Fulltext Effect of Tricalcium Magnesium Silicate Coating on the Electrochemical and Biological Behavior of Ti-6Al-4V Alloys

Maleki-Ghaleh H, Hafezi M, Hadipour M, Nadernezhad A, Aghaie E, Behnamian Y, et al.

PLoS One, 2015;10(9):e0138454.
PMID: 26383641 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138454

In the current study, a sol-gel-synthesized tricalcium magnesium silicate powder was coated on Ti-6Al-4V alloys using plasma spray method. Composition of feed powder was evaluated by X-ray diffraction technique before and after the coating process. Scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy were used to study the morphology of coated substrates. The corrosion behaviors of bare and coated Ti-6Al-4V alloys were examined using potentiodynamic polarization test and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in stimulated body fluids. Moreover, bare and coated Ti-6Al-4V alloys were characterized in vitro by culturing osteoblast and mesenchymal stem cells for several days. Results demonstrated a meaningful improvement in the corrosion resistance of Ti-6Al-4V alloys coated with tricalcium magnesium silicate compared with the bare counterparts, by showing a decrease in corrosion current density from 1.84 μA/cm2 to 0.31 μA/cm2. Furthermore, the coating substantially improved the bioactivity of Ti-6Al-4Valloys. Our study on corrosion behavior and biological response of Ti-6Al-4V alloy coated by tricalcium magnesium silicate proved that the coating has considerably enhanced safety and applicability of Ti-6Al-4V alloys, suggesting its potential use in permanent implants and artificial joints.

Matched MeSH terms: Prostheses and Implants
Fulltext Early Functional Outcome of Total Knee Arthroplasty

Suhail, A., Idham, H., Norhamdan, M.Y., Shahril, Y., Masbah, O.

Malays Orthop J, 2009;3(2):33-35.
MyJurnal

Objective: To evaluate the early results of patients in a single institution who underwent total knee arthroplasty using an implant system. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 76 total knee replacements using the Genesis II prosthesis (Smith and Nephew, Memphis) in 60 patients (16 were bilateral cases) performed between February 2005 andFebruary 2008. Patient related outcomes and clinical evaluations were done by an independent observer. Knee function and patient satisfaction were evaluated using the American Knee Society (ASK) score and the Western Ontario and Mac Master University Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC). Results: The mean age of the patients at the time of operation was 63.5years. The mean follow up period was 1 year 5 months. At the final follow up, the mean Knee Society Knee Score was 87.9 with 77.3% (58 knees) rated excellent, 21.3% (16 knees) rated good and1.3% (1 knee) rated fair; none were rated poor. The mean Function Score was 87.1 with 64% (48 knees) rated excellent, 29.3% (22 knees) rated good, 6.7% (5 knees) rated fair, no knee was rated poor. The mean WOMAC Score was 94.4 (standard deviation 6.59). Conclusion: Most patients treated for knee osteoarthritis with total knee replacement showed high rates of excellence and good early functional outcomes.

Matched MeSH terms: Prostheses and Implants
Double orifice mitral valve: a case report and review of management

Majid AA

J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino), 1991 Nov-Dec;32(6):837-9.
PMID: 1836465

This paper reports a case of double orifice mitral valve which was treated conservatively. A new scheme of classification of this entity linked to the accepted lines of surgical treatment is introduced.

Matched MeSH terms: Prostheses and Implants
Fulltext Does laryngeal reinnervation or type I thyroplasty give better voice results for patients with unilateral vocal fold paralysis (VOCALIST): study protocol for a feasibility randomised controlled trial

Blackshaw H, Carding P, Jepson M, Mat Baki M, Ambler G, Schilder A, et al.

BMJ Open, 2017 Sep 29;7(9):e016871.
PMID: 28965097 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016871

INTRODUCTION: A functioning voice is essential for normal human communication. A good voice requires two moving vocal folds; if one fold is paralysed (unilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVFP)) people suffer from a breathy, weak voice that tires easily and is unable to function normally. UVFP can also result in choking and breathlessness. Current treatment for adults with UVFP is speech therapy to stimulate recovery of vocal fold (VF) motion or function and/or injection of the paralysed VF with a material to move it into a more favourable position for the functioning VF to close against. When these therapies are unsuccessful, or only provide temporary relief, surgery is offered. Two available surgical techniques are: (1) surgical medialisation; placing an implant near the paralysed VF to move it to the middle (thyroplasty) and/or repositioning the cartilage (arytenoid adduction) or (2) restoring the nerve supply to the VF (laryngeal reinnervation). Currently there is limited evidence to determine which surgery should be offered to adults with UVFP.
METHODS AND ANALYSIS: A feasibility study to test the practicality of running a multicentre, randomised clinical trial of surgery for UVFP, including: (1) a qualitative study to understand the recruitment process and how it operates in clinical centres and (2) a small randomised trial of 30 participants recruited at 3 UK sites comparing non-selective laryngeal reinnervation to type I thyroplasty. Participants will be followed up for 12 months. The primary outcome focuses on recruitment and retention, with secondary outcomes covering voice, swallowing and quality of life.
ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethical approval was received from National Research Ethics Service-Committee Bromley (reference 11/LO/0583). In addition to dissemination of results through presentation and publication of peer-reviewed articles, results will be shared with key clinician and patient groups required to develop the future large-scale randomised controlled trial.
TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ISRCTN90201732; 16 December 2015.

Matched MeSH terms: Prostheses and Implants
Fulltext Development of power recovery circuit for bio-implantable stimulator

Mokhalad Khaleel Alghrairi, Nasri Bin Sulaiman, Roslina Bt Mohd Sidek, Saad Mutashar

Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2017;25(102):87-96.
MyJurnal

This paper presents a modified design of low power recovery circuit in micro-system implanted device to stimulate the human nerve and muscle. The amplitude shift keying ASK was used to modulate data by using operating frequency 6.78MHz ISM industrial scientific medical band to be less invasive to tissue. The proposed system consists of an external part which has ASK modulator and class-E power amplifier with 94.5% efficiency. The internal part has half wave rectifier and voltage regulator to generate very stable 1.8VDC using 0.35um CMOS technology. The Orcad pspice 16.6 and MULTISIM 11 software were used to simulate the design of power recovery and class-E power amplifier respectively. The regulated voltage utilised to power the sub-electronic device implanted inside human body with very stable voltage even change implanted load resistance. The proposed system has 12.5%modulation index and low power consumption.

Matched MeSH terms: Prostheses and Implants
Development of an implantable D-serine biosensor for in vivo monitoring using mammalian D-amino acid oxidase on a poly (o-phenylenediamine) and Nafion-modified platinum-iridium disk electrode

Zain ZM, O'Neill RD, Lowry JP, Pierce KW, Tricklebank M, Dewa A, et al.

Biosens Bioelectron, 2010 Feb 15;25(6):1454-9.
PMID: 19945264 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2009.10.049

D-serine has been implicated as a brain messenger, promoting not only neuronal signalling but also synaptic plasticity. Thus, a sensitive tool for D-serine monitoring in brain is required to understand the mechanisms of D-serine release from glia cells. A biosensor for direct fixed potential amperometric monitoring of D-serine incorporating mammalian D-amino acid oxidase (DAAO) immobilized on a Nafion coated poly-ortho-phenylenediamine (PPD) modified Pt-Ir disk electrode was therefore developed. The combined layers of PPD and Nafion enhanced the enzyme activity and biosensor efficiency by approximately 2-fold compared with each individual layer. A steady state response time (t(90%)) of 0.7+/-0.1s (n=8) and limit of detection 20+/-1 nM (n=8) were obtained. Cylindrical geometry showed lower sensitivity compared to disk geometry (61+/-7 microA cm(-2) mM(-1), (n=4), R(2)=0.999). Interference by ascorbic acid (AA), the main interference species in the central nervous system and other neurochemical electroactive molecules was negligible. Implantation of the electrode and microinjection of D-serine into rat brain striatal extracellular fluid demonstrated that the electrode was capable of detecting D-serine in brain tissue in vivo.

Matched MeSH terms: Prostheses and Implants*
Fulltext Development and virtual validation of a novel digital workflow to rehabilitate palatal defects by using smartphone-integrated stereophotogrammetry (SPINS)

Farook TH, Jamayet NB, Asif JA, Din AS, Mahyuddin MN, Alam MK

Sci Rep, 2021 04 19;11(1):8469.
PMID: 33875672 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87240-9

Palatal defects are rehabilitated by fabricating maxillofacial prostheses called obturators. The treatment incorporates taking deviously unpredictable impressions to facsimile the palatal defects into plaster casts for obturator fabrication in the dental laboratory. The casts are then digitally stored using expensive hardware to prevent physical damage or data loss and, when required, future obturators are digitally designed, and 3D printed. Our objective was to construct and validate an economic in-house smartphone-integrated stereophotogrammetry (SPINS) 3D scanner and to evaluate its accuracy in designing prosthetics using open source/free (OS/F) digital pipeline. Palatal defect models were scanned using SPINS and its accuracy was compared against the standard laser scanner for virtual area and volumetric parameters. SPINS derived 3D models were then used to design obturators by using (OS/F) software. The resultant obturators were virtually compared against standard medical software designs. There were no significant differences in any of the virtual parameters when evaluating the accuracy of both SPINS, as well as OS/F derived obturators. However, limitations in the design process resulted in minimal dissimilarities. With further improvements, SPINS based prosthetic rehabilitation could create a viable, low cost method for rural and developing health services to embrace maxillofacial record keeping and digitised prosthetic rehabilitation.

Matched MeSH terms: Prostheses and Implants/statistics & numerical data*
Designing 3D prosthetic templates for maxillofacial defect rehabilitation: A comparative analysis of different virtual workflows

Farook TH, Jamayet NB, Abdullah JY, Asif JA, Rajion ZA, Alam MK

Comput Biol Med, 2020 03;118:103646.
PMID: 32174323 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2020.103646

OBJECTIVE: To design and compare the outcome of commercial (CS) and open source (OS) software-based 3D prosthetic templates for rehabilitation of maxillofacial defects using a low powered personal computer setup.
METHOD: Medical image data for five types of defects were selected, segmented, converted and decimated to 3D polygon models on a personal computer. The models were transferred to a computer aided design (CAD) software which aided in designing the prosthesis according to the virtual models. Two templates were designed for each defect, one by an OS (free) system and one by CS. The parameters for analyses were the virtual volume, Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) and Hausdorff's distance (HD) and were executed by the OS point cloud comparison tool.
RESULT: There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) between CS and OS when comparing the volume of the template outputs. While HD was within 0.05-4.33 mm, evaluation of the percentage similarity and spatial overlap following the DSC showed an average similarity of 67.7% between the two groups. The highest similarity was with orbito-facial prostheses (88.5%) and the lowest with facial plate prosthetics (28.7%).
CONCLUSION: Although CS and OS pipelines are capable of producing templates which are aesthetically and volumetrically similar, there are slight comparative discrepancies in the landmark position and spatial overlap. This is dependent on the software, associated commands and experienced decision-making. CAD-based templates can be planned on current personal computers following appropriate decimation.

Matched MeSH terms: Prostheses and Implants*
Dataset on optimization of EDM machining parameters by using central composite design

Soundhar A, Zubar HA, Sultan MTBHH, Kandasamy J

Data Brief, 2019 Apr;23:103671.
PMID: 30788395 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2019.01.019

Newly prepared titanium alloy (Ti-13Zr-13Nb (TZN)) using powder metallurgy is considered in this investigation. Titanium alloys (TZN) are used in hip and knee replacement for orthopedic implants. Conventional machining, TZN alloys produce higher tool wear rate and poor surface quality, but this can be reduced by Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) method. Moreover, EDM produce good biological and corrosion resistant surface. In this research, experiments were conducted by considering the influential process factors such as pulse on time, pulse off time, voltage, and current. The experiments were designed based on Response Surface Methodology (RSM) of face centered central composite design. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was conducted to identify the significance process factors and their relation to output responses such as Electrode Wear Rate (EWR), Surface Roughness (SR) and Material Removal Rate (MRR). Further, an empirical model was developed by RSM in order to predict the output responses.

Matched MeSH terms: Prostheses and Implants
DNA damage evaluation of hydroxyapatite on fibroblast cell L929 using the single cell gel electrophoresis assay

Rajab NF, Yaakob TA, Ong BY, Hamid M, Ali AM, Annuar BO, et al.

Med J Malaysia, 2004 May;59 Suppl B:170-1.
PMID: 15468872

Hydroxyapatite is the main component of the bone which is a potential biomaterial substance that can be applied in orthopaedics. In this study, the biocompatibility of this biomaterial was assessed using an in vitro technique. The cytotoxicity and genotoxicity effect of HA2 and HA3 against L929 fibroblast cell was evaluated using the MTT Assay and Alkaline Comet Assay respectively. Both HA2 and HA3 compound showed low cytotoxicity effect as determined using MTT Assay. Cells viability following 72 hours incubation at maximum concentration of both HA2 and HA3 (200 mg/ml) were 75.3 +/- 8.8% and 86.7 +/- 13.1% respectively. However, the cytotoxicity effect of ZnSO4.7H2O as a positive control showed an IC50 values of 46 mg/ml (160 microM). On the other hand, both HA2 and HA3 compound showed a slight genotoxicity effect as determined using the Alkaline Comet Assay following incubation at the concentration 200 mg/ml for 72 hours. This assay has been widely used in genetic toxicology to detect DNA strand breaks and alkali-labile site. The percentage of the cells with DNA damage for both substance was 27.7 +/- 1.3% and 15.6 +/- 1.0% for HA2 and HA3 respectively. Incubation of the cells for 24 hours with 38 microg/ml (IC25) of positive control showed an increase in percentage of cells with DNA damage (67.5 +/- 0.7%). In conclusion, our study indicated that both hydroxyapatite compounds showed a good biocompatibility in fibroblast cells.

Matched MeSH terms: Prostheses and Implants*
Corrosion and surface modification on biocompatible metals: A review

Asri RIM, Harun WSW, Samykano M, Lah NAC, Ghani SAC, Tarlochan F, et al.

Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl, 2017 Aug 01;77:1261-1274.
PMID: 28532004 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.04.102

Corrosion prevention in biomaterials has become crucial particularly to overcome inflammation and allergic reactions caused by the biomaterials' implants towards the human body. When these metal implants contacted with fluidic environments such as bloodstream and tissue of the body, most of them became mutually highly antagonistic and subsequently promotes corrosion. Biocompatible implants are typically made up of metallic, ceramic, composite and polymers. The present paper specifically focuses on biocompatible metals which favorably used as implants such as 316L stainless steel, cobalt-chromium-molybdenum, pure titanium and titanium-based alloys. This article also takes a close look at the effect of corrosion towards the implant and human body and the mechanism to improve it. Due to this corrosion delinquent, several surface modification techniques have been used to improve the corrosion behavior of biocompatible metals such as deposition of the coating, development of passivation oxide layer and ion beam surface modification. Apart from that, surface texturing methods such as plasma spraying, chemical etching, blasting, electropolishing, and laser treatment which used to improve corrosion behavior are also discussed in detail. Introduction of surface modifications to biocompatible metals is considered as a "best solution" so far to enhanced corrosion resistance performance; besides achieving superior biocompatibility and promoting osseointegration of biocompatible metals and alloys.

Matched MeSH terms: Prostheses and Implants
Fulltext Controlling the degradation kinetics of porous iron by poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) infiltration for use as temporary medical implants

Yusop AH, Daud NM, Nur H, Kadir MR, Hermawan H

Sci Rep, 2015;5:11194.
PMID: 26057073 DOI: 10.1038/srep11194

Iron and its alloy have been proposed as biodegradable metals for temporary medical implants. However, the formation of iron oxide and iron phosphate on their surface slows down their degradation kinetics in both in vitro and in vivo scenarios. This work presents new approach to tailor degradation behavior of iron by incorporating biodegradable polymers into the metal. Porous pure iron (PPI) was vacuum infiltrated by poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) to form fully dense PLGA-infiltrated porous iron (PIPI) and dip coated into the PLGA to form partially dense PLGA-coated porous iron (PCPI). Results showed that compressive strength and toughness of the PIPI and PCPI were higher compared to PPI. A strong interfacial interaction was developed between the PLGA layer and the iron surface. Degradation rate of PIPI and PCPI was higher than that of PPI due to the effect of PLGA hydrolysis. The fast degradation of PIPI did not affect the viability of human fibroblast cells. Finally, this work discusses a degradation mechanism for PIPI and the effect of PLGA incorporation in accelerating the degradation of iron.

Matched MeSH terms: Prostheses and Implants*
Comparing groups using robust H statistic with adaptive trimmed mean

Nur Faraidah Muhammad Di, Sharipah Soaad Syed Yahaya, Suhaida Abdullah

Sains Malaysiana, 2014;43:643-648.

An alternative robust method for testing the equality of central tendency measures was developed by integrating H Statistic with adaptive trimmed mean using hinge estimator, HQ. H Statistic is known for its ability to control Type I error rates and HQ is a robust location estimator. This robust estimator used asymmetric trimming technique, where it trims the tail of the distribution based on the characteristic of that particular distribution. To investigate on the performance (i.e. robustness) of the procedure, some variables were manipulated to create conditions which are known to highlight its strengths and weaknesses. Bootstrap method was used to test the hypothesis. The integration seemed to produce promising robust procedure that is capable of addressing the problem of violations to the assumptions. About 20% trimming is the appropriate amount of trimming for the procedure, where this amount is found to be robust in most conditions. This procedure was also proven to be robust as compared to the parametric (AN0vA) and non parametric (Kruskal-Wallis) methods.

Matched MeSH terms: Prostheses and Implants
Co-incorporation of graphene oxide/silver nanoparticle into poly-L-lactic acid fibrous: A route toward the development of cytocompatible and antibacterial coating layer on magnesium implants

Bakhsheshi-Rad HR, Ismail AF, Aziz M, Akbari M, Hadisi Z, Khoshnava SM, et al.

Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl, 2020 Jun;111:110812.
PMID: 32279830 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.110812

Magnesium (Mg) alloys present great potential for the development of orthopedic implants, whereas, their high degradation rate and poor antibacterial performance have restricted orthopedic applications. In this work, PLLA/GO-AgNP (poly-L-lactic acid/graphene oxide- silver nanoparticle) with different concentration of GO-AgNPs were deposited on Mg alloy via electrospinning method for enhancement of corrosion resistance and antibacterial performance. The result revealed that incorporation of GO into PLLA fibrous considerably slowed down the degradation rate of Mg alloy substrate and reduced the H2 release rate from the substrate. Also, co-incorporation of GO and AgNPs into PLLA fibrous resulted in substantial escalate in compressive strength after immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF). Antibacterial activity test exhibited that Mg alloy and neat PLLA fibrous presented minimal inhibition area toward Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). In contrast, using PLLA/GO-AgNPs fibrous improved antibacterial performance against both bacteria. Cytocompatibility results indicated that PLLA/GO-AgNPs fibrous with a low amount of GO-AgNPs enhanced cell proliferation and growth while high co-incorporation of GO-AgNPs showed a negative effect on cell proliferation. Taken together, PLLA/1GO-AgNPs fibrous coating shows suitable corrosion resistance, cytocompatibility, and antibacterial function for use in orthopedic applications.

Matched MeSH terms: Prostheses and Implants*
Closure of oroantral fistula

Awang MN

Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 1988 Apr;17(2):110-5.
PMID: 3133418

Oroantral fistula is an uncommon complication in oral surgery. Although smaller fistulas of less than 5 mm in diameter may close spontaneously, larger fistulas always require surgical closures. The literature review revealed various procedures for the closure of oroantral fistulas. These procedures may be subdivided into local flap, distant flap and grafting. Procedures involving local flaps are usually adequate to close minor to moderate size defects. Those procedures utilizing the buccal mucoperiosteal flap as the tissue closure include straight-advancement, rotated, sliding and transversal flap procedures; while those involving the palatal mucoperiosteum are straight advancement, rotational-advancement, hinged and island flap procedures. The combinations of various local flaps to strengthen the tissue closure are also being advocated. The advantages and the limitations of these procedures are discussed. Distant flaps and bone grafts are usually indicated in the closure of larger defects in view of their greater tissue bulks. Tongue flaps have superseded extra-oral flaps from extremities and forehead for aesthetic reasons and also in view of their similar tissue replacement. Various tongue flap procedures are described. At present, various alloplastic materials such as gold, tantalum and polymethylmethacrylate are infrequently reported in the closure of oroantral fistulas. However, in the light of successful reports over the use of biological materials, collagen and fibrin, in the closure of oroantral fistulas, there seems to be another simple alternative technique for treating oroantral fistulas.

Matched MeSH terms: Prostheses and Implants
Classification of ankle joint movements based on surface electromyography signals for rehabilitation robot applications

Al-Quraishi MS, Ishak AJ, Ahmad SA, Hasan MK, Al-Qurishi M, Ghapanchizadeh H, et al.

Med Biol Eng Comput, 2017 May;55(5):747-758.
PMID: 27484411 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-016-1551-4

Electromyography (EMG)-based control is the core of prostheses, orthoses, and other rehabilitation devices in recent research. Nonetheless, EMG is difficult to use as a control signal given the complex nature of the signal. To overcome this problem, the researchers employed a pattern recognition technique. EMG pattern recognition mainly involves four stages: signal detection, preprocessing feature extraction, dimensionality reduction, and classification. In particular, the success of any pattern recognition technique depends on the feature extraction stage. In this study, a modified time-domain features set and logarithmic transferred time-domain features (LTD) were evaluated and compared with other traditional time-domain features set (TTD). Three classifiers were employed to assess the two feature sets, namely linear discriminant analysis (LDA), k nearest neighborhood, and Naïve Bayes. Results indicated the superiority of the new time-domain feature set LTD, on conventional time-domain features TTD with the average classification accuracy of 97.23 %. In addition, the LDA classifier outperformed the other two classifiers considered in this study.

Matched MeSH terms: Prostheses and Implants
Fulltext Chronic myeloid leukaemia presenting as priapism - how should we treat these?

Htun, T.H., Dublin, N., Parameswaran, M., Razack, A.H., Chua, C.B.

JUMMEC, 2008;11(1):27-29.
MyJurnal

Priapism is a urological emergency. The treatment for ischaemic priapism is usually cavernosal aspiration with or without cavernosal irrigation. Some patients may need surgical intervention -the various shunt procedures. We report a 21-year-old man with priapism secondary to chronic myeloid leukemia who needed a combined medical and surgical management. He underwent a spongiocavernosal shunt as well as cytoreductive chemotherapy to achieve complete detumescence. Therefore, cytoreductive chemotherapy is an adjunct in difficult cult to treat priapism associated with chronic myeloid leukemia.

Matched MeSH terms: Prostheses and Implants

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