MyMedR

Displaying publications 901 - 920 of 6769 in total

Abstract:

Sort:

Fulltext Cyberbullying Among Traditional and Complementary Medicine Practitioners in the Workplace: Protocol for a Cross-sectional Descriptive Study

Kim YJ, Qian L, Aslam MS

JMIR Res Protoc, 2021 Aug 12;10(8):e29582.
PMID: 34387559 DOI: 10.2196/29582

BACKGROUND: Cyberbullying is becoming prevalent among health care professionals and may cause a variety of mental health issues. Traditional and complementary medicine practitioners remain an important pillar of the health care system in Malaysia.
OBJECTIVE: This paper presents a study protocol for an online survey (Cyberbullying Among Traditional and Complementary Medicine Practitioner [TCMPs]) that will collect the first nationwide representative data on cyberbullying behavior among traditional and complementary medicine practitioners in Malaysia. The objectives of the survey are to (1) evaluate the cyberbullying behavior among traditional and complementary medicine practitioners in Malaysia, (2) identify sociodemographic and social factors related to cyberbullying, and (3) evaluate the association between cyberbullying behavior, sociodemographic, and social factors.
METHODS: A snowball sampling strategy will be applied. Traditional and complementary medicine practitioners who are permanent Malaysian residents will be randomly selected and invited to participate in the survey (N=1023). Cyberbullying behavior will be measured using the Cyberbullying Behavior Questionnaire (CBQ). Data on the following items will be collected: work-related bullying, person-related bullying, aggressively worded messages, distortion of messages, sending offensive photos/videos, hacking computers or sending a virus or rude message, and threatening messages about personal life or family members. We will also collect data on participants' sociodemographic characteristics, social factors, and substance abuse behavior.
RESULTS: This cross-sectional descriptive study was registered with Research Registry (Unique Identifying Number 6216; November 05, 2020). This research work (substudy) is planned under a phase 1 study approved by the Research Management Centre, Xiamen University Malaysia. This substudy has been approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Xiamen University Malaysia (REC-2011.01). The cross-sectional survey will be conducted from July 01, 2021, to June 30, 2022. Data preparation and statistical analyses are planned from January 2022 onward.
CONCLUSIONS: The current research can contribute to identify the prevalence of workplace cyberbullying among Malaysian traditional and complementary medicine practitioners. The results will help government stakeholders, health professionals, and education professionals to understand the psychological well-being of Malaysian traditional and complementary medicine practitioners.
TRIAL REGISTRATION: Research Registry Unique Identifying Number 6216; https://tinyurl.com/3rsmxs7u.
INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): PRR1-10.2196/29582.
Fulltext Emerging IoT domains, current standings and open research challenges: a review

Ali O, Ishak MK, Bhatti MKL

PeerJ Comput Sci, 2021;7:e659.
PMID: 34541307 DOI: 10.7717/peerj-cs.659

Over the last decade, the Internet of Things (IoT) domain has grown dramatically, from ultra-low-power hardware design to cloud-based solutions, and now, with the rise of 5G technology, a new horizon for edge computing on IoT devices will be introduced. A wide range of communication technologies has steadily evolved in recent years, representing a diverse range of domain areas and communication specifications. Because of the heterogeneity of technology and interconnectivity, the true realisation of the IoT ecosystem is currently hampered by multiple dynamic integration challenges. In this context, several emerging IoT domains necessitate a complete re-modeling, design, and standardisation from the ground up in order to achieve seamless IoT ecosystem integration. The Internet of Nano-Things (IoNT), Internet of Space-Things (IoST), Internet of Underwater-Things (IoUT) and Social Internet of Things (SIoT) are investigated in this paper with a broad future scope based on their integration and ability to source other IoT domains by highlighting their application domains, state-of-the-art research, and open challenges. To the best of our knowledge, there is little or no information on the current state of these ecosystems, which is the motivating factor behind this article. Finally, the paper summarises the integration of these ecosystems with current IoT domains and suggests future directions for overcoming the challenges.
Fulltext Mining of Opinions on COVID-19 Large-Scale Social Restrictions in Indonesia: Public Sentiment and Emotion Analysis on Online Media

Tri Sakti AM, Mohamad E, Azlan AA

J Med Internet Res, 2021 08 09;23(8):e28249.
PMID: 34280116 DOI: 10.2196/28249

BACKGROUND: One of the successful measures to curb COVID-19 spread in large populations is the implementation of a movement restriction order. Globally, it was observed that countries implementing strict movement control were more successful in controlling the spread of the virus as compared with those with less stringent measures. Society's adherence to the movement control order has helped expedite the process to flatten the pandemic curve as seen in countries such as China and Malaysia. At the same time, there are countries facing challenges with society's nonconformity toward movement restriction orders due to various claims such as human rights violations as well as sociocultural and economic issues. In Indonesia, society's adherence to its large-scale social restrictions (LSSRs) order is also a challenge to achieve. Indonesia is regarded as among the worst in Southeast Asian countries in terms of managing the spread of COVID-19. It is proven by the increased number of daily confirmed cases and the total number of deaths, which was more than 6.21% (1351/21,745) of total active cases as of May 2020.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to explore public sentiments and emotions toward the LSSR and identify issues, fear, and reluctance to observe this restriction among the Indonesian public.
METHODS: This study adopts a sentiment analysis method with a supervised machine learning approach on COVID-19-related posts on selected media platforms (Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, and YouTube). The analysis was also performed on COVID-19-related news contained in more than 500 online news platforms recognized by the Indonesian Press Council. Social media posts and news originating from Indonesian online media between March 31 and May 31, 2020, were analyzed. Emotion analysis on Twitter platform was also performed to identify collective public emotions toward the LSSR.
RESULTS: The study found that positive sentiment surpasses other sentiment categories by 51.84% (n=1,002,947) of the total data (N=1,934,596) collected via the search engine. Negative sentiment was recorded at 35.51% (686,892/1,934,596) and neutral sentiment at 12.65% (244,757/1,934,596). The analysis of Twitter posts also showed that the majority of public have the emotion of "trust" toward the LSSR.
CONCLUSIONS: Public sentiment toward the LSSR appeared to be positive despite doubts on government consistency in executing the LSSR. The emotion analysis also concluded that the majority of people believe in LSSR as the best method to break the chain of COVID-19 transmission. Overall, Indonesians showed trust and expressed hope toward the government's ability to manage this current global health crisis and win against COVID-19.
Fulltext The effects of applying sewage sludge into Jiangxi red soil on the growth of vegetables and the migration and enrichment of Cu and Zn

Rrong W, Aiping T, Ashraf MA

Saudi J Biol Sci, 2016 Sep;23(5):660-6.
PMID: 27579018 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2015.10.028

Jiangxi red soil was used as the tested soil and water spinach (Ipomoea aquatic) and Chinese chive (Allium tuberosum) were used as the tested vegetables in this study to investigate the effects of different amounts of sewage-sludge application on the growth of vegetables and the migration and enrichment patterns of Cu and Zn in vegetables using the potted method. The results indicated that the application of sewage sludge could improve the properties of red soil and promote vegetable growth. The dry weight of water spinach and Chinese chive reached the maximal levels when treated with the amount of sewage sludge at 4% and 10%, which was 4.38 ± 0.82 g and 1.56 ± 0.31 g, respectively. The dry weights after the application of sewage sludge were all larger than control treatment (CK) without sludge application. With increases in the applied amount of sewage sludge, the concentrations of Cu and Zu in red soil continued to increase, and the peak value was not reached. After the two vegetables were planted, the concentrations of Cu and Zn in red soil decreased by different degrees. The degrees of decrease of Zn were generally higher than those of Cu. The enrichment coefficient of water spinach on Cu showed a trend of increase followed by a decrease and reached the peak value of 1.04 ± 0.38 when the applied amount was 4%. The enrichment coefficient of Chinese chive on Cu overall showed a decreasing trend and did not reach the peak value under the treatment levels used in this experiment. The enrichment pattern of Chinese chive on Zn was not obvious, and the differences among all treatment levels were not significant (p
Fulltext Characterization of alumina using small angle neutron scattering (sans)

Megat Harun Al Rashid Megat Ahmad, Abdul Aziz Mohamed, Azmi Ibrahim, Che Seman Mahmood, Putra, Edy Giri Rachman, Muhammad Rawi Muhammad Zin, et al.

Journal of Nuclear and Related Technologies, 2007;2005(1):19-23.
MyJurnal

Alumina powder was synthesized from an aluminum precursor and studied using small angle neutron scattering (SANS) technique and complemented with transmission electron microscope (TEM). XRD measurement confirmed that the alumina produced was of high purity and highly crystalline D-phase. SANS examination indicates the formation of mass fractals microstructures with fractal dimension of about 2.8 on the alumina powder.
Fulltext Fixed-dose combination antibiotics in India: global perspectives

Ahmad A, Khan MU, Balkrishnan R

Lancet Glob Health, 2016 08;4(8):e521.
PMID: 27443777 DOI: 10.1016/S2214-109X(16)30093-6
Fulltext Breaking bad news workshop as peer-assisted learning project in primary care clerkship

Abdul Rahman NF, Ibrahim Azmi M

Education in Medicine Journal, 2016;8(1):75-77.
MyJurnal

Breaking bad news is a crucial communication delivered by healthcare professionals. This skill was
taught in Management and Science University, Malaysia using lecture previously. Realising the
instructional delivery gap, breaking bad news workshops was introduced involving not only the theory
of the skills but the hands on experience as well. This workshop incorporated peer-assisted learning
method in providing a friendly and conducive environment for the best learning experience for the
students. Five workshops were conducted with a total of 204 students. Students (n = 38–42 per
session) were given materials a week prior to the session to familiarise themselves with the workshop.
Trained peer-assisted tutors (n = 8) guided role-playing sessions as well as giving feedbacks. Students
found that the workshop to be useful adjunct to learning communication skills, specifically in breaking
bad news. Students considered peer-assisted learning method provided them with a safe environment
where mistakes were allowed, corrected and proper skills reiterated. In conclusion, learning breaking
bad news is feasible with peer-assistance.
Paired observation on light-cured composite resin and nano-composite resin in dental caries repair

Xiaoling T, Ashraf MA, Yanyan Z

Pak J Pharm Sci, 2016 Nov;29(6 Spec):2169-2172.
PMID: 28412675

To compare the value of light-cured composite resin with that of nano-composite resin in dental caries repair. 88 patients taking dental caries repair in our hospital from May 2014 to April 2015 were selected, and divided into observation group and control group by coin method with 44 patients in each group. Nano-composite resin was used in observation group, while light-cured composite resin in control group. Then, the occurrence rates of odontohyperesthesia, aesthetic satisfaction with dental caries repair and complications were compared between two groups by visual analogue scale (VAS). The occurrence rate of odontohyperesthesia in observation group is significantly lower than that in control group (9.09% (4/44) vs 31.82% (14/44), 6.82% (3/44) vs 22.73% (10/44), 2.27% (1/44) vs 13.64% (6/44)) with difference of statistical significance (P<0.05) 1 week, 4 weeks, and 8 weeks after repair. VAS score of patients in observation is significantly lower than that in control group ((2.78±0.56) scores vs (5.22±0.76) scores, (2.02±0.35) scores vs (4.32±0.57) scores, (1.12±0.14) scores vs (2.41±0.43) scores) 1 week, 4 weeks, and 8 weeks after repair. Moreover, the difference in comparison of interactive effects between two groups, between different time points, and between groups at different time points has statistical significance (P<0.05). Nano-composite resin can lower the occurrence rate of odontohyperesthesia in dental caries repair, reduce the pain of patients, and improve the satisfaction of patients with tooth appearance.
Tyrosinase inhibition, anti-acetylcholinesterase, and antimicrobial activities of the phytochemicals from Gynotroches axillaris Blume

Abed SA, Sirat HM, Taher M

Pak J Pharm Sci, 2016 Nov;29(6):2071-2078.
PMID: 28375126

The leaves of Gynotroches axillaris were chemically and biologically studied. Sequential extraction of the leaves using petroleum ether, chloroform, and methanol afforded three extracts. Purification of pet. ether extract yielded, squalene and β-amyrin palmitate as the major compounds, together with palmitic acid and myristic acid as the minor components. The methanol extract yielded two flavonoids, quercitrin and epicatechin. The isolated compounds were characterized by MS, IR and NMR (1D and 2D). Anti-acetyl cholinesterase screening using TLC bio-autography assay showed that palmitic acid and myristic acid were the strongest inhibition with detection limit 1.14 and 1.28 μ/g/ 5 μL respectively. Antibacterial against Gram-positive and negative and antifungal activities exhibited that β-amyrin palmitate was the strongest (450-225 μ/mL) against all the tested microbes. The tyrosinase inhibition assay of extracts and the pure compounds were screened against tyrosinase enzyme. The inhibition percentage (I%) of methanol extract against tyrosinase enzyme was stronger than the other extracts with value 68.4%. Quercitrin (59%) was found to be the highest in the tyrosinase inhibition activity amongst the pure compounds. To the best of our knowledge, this is first report on the phytochemicals, tyrosinase inhibition, anti-acetycholinesterase and antimicrobial activities of the leaves of G. axillaris.
Textural and physical properties of retort processed rice noodles: Influence of chilling and partial substitution of rice flour with pregelatinized high-amylose maize starch

Lubowa M, Yeoh SY, Easa AM

Food Sci Technol Int, 2018 Sep;24(6):476-486.
PMID: 29600879 DOI: 10.1177/1082013218766984

This study investigated the influence of pregelatinized high-amylose maize starch and chilling treatment on the physical and textural properties of canned rice noodles thermally processed in a retort. Rice noodles were prepared from rice flour partially substituted with pregelatinized high-amylose maize starch (Hylon VII™) in the ratios 0, 5, 10, and 15% (wt/wt). High-amylose maize starch improved the texture and brightness of fresh (not retorted) noodles. Chilling treatment led to significant (P ≤ 0.05) improvement in the texture of fresh noodles at all levels of substitution with high-amylose starch. The highest hardness was recorded at 15% amylose level in chilled nonretorted noodles. Retort processing induced a major loss of quality through water absorption, retort cooking loss, decreased noodle hardness, and lightness. However, the results showed that amylose and chilling treatment positively reduced the impact of retorting. For each level of amylose substitution, a low retort cooking loss and increased noodle hardness were associated with a chilling treatment. For both chilled and nonchilled noodles, retort cooking loss and hardness increased with increasing levels of amylose substitution.
Comparative antioxidant and antidiabetic effects of Syzygium polyanthumleaf and Momordica charantia fruit extracts

Sandikapura MJ, Nyamathulla S, Noordin MI

Pak J Pharm Sci, 2018 Mar;31(2(Suppl.)):623-635.
PMID: 29625934

The study was aimed to perform aqueous extraction of two plants using different extraction methods, and evaluate their antioxidant and antidiabetic potential. Plant materials were extracted by maceration, soxhlet, sonication and fresh juice methods to produce aqueous extracts. In vitro antioxidant DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl) and FRAP (Ferric reducing antioxidant power), antidiabetic α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzyme inhibitory assays were carried out on the extracts. Extracts of Syzygium polyanthum demonstrated better free radical scavenging and antidiabetic activity than Momordica charantia. It was observed that the % inhibition of DPPH by fresh juice of S. polyanthum was 64.93 similar to quercetin 69.21 (p>0.05). Its FRAP value (69.05) was significantly (p<0.05) higher than Quercetin (63.27). Its fresh juice alsodemonstrated significant inhibitory actions (p<0.05) against α-amylase (92.21%) and α-glucosidase (96.06%) than acarbose. It is concluded that extracts had varied results due to differences in their chemical composition as noticed in LC-MS. The fresh juice of S. polyanthum has superior in vitro antioxidant and antidiabetic activities. Therefore, intake of exogenous antioxidants in the form of fresh juices of someherbs can help the body toscavenge free radicals and exert hyperglycaemic control in post prandial hyperglycaemia.
Baccaurea angulata fruit juice ameliorates altered hematological and biochemical biomarkers in diet-induced hypercholesterolemic rabbits

Ahmed IA, Mikail MA, Ibrahim M

Nutr Res, 2017 Jun;42:31-42.
PMID: 28633869 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2017.04.012

Hypercholesterolemia is an important risk factor linked to the alteration of blood hematology and clinical chemistry associated with the development and progression of atherosclerosis. Previous studies have demonstrated the safety and potential health benefits of Baccaurea angulata (BA) fruit. We hypothesized that the oral administration of BA fruit juice could ameliorate the alteration in the hematological and biochemical biomarkers of diet-induced hypercholesterolemic rabbits. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different doses of BA juice on the hematological and biochemical biomarkers in normo- and hypercholesterolemic rabbits. Thirty-five healthy adult New Zealand White rabbits were assigned to seven different groups for 90days of diet intervention. Four atherogenic groups were fed a 1% cholesterol diet and 0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5mL of BA juice per kg of rabbit daily. The other three normal groups were fed a commercial rabbit pellet diet and 0, 0.5, and 1.0mL of BA juice per kg of rabbit daily. Baseline and final blood samples after 90days of repeated administration BA juice were analyzed for hematological parameters while serum, aortic and hepatic lysates were analyzed for lipid profiles and other biochemical biomarkers. The alteration of the hemopoietic system, physiological changes in serum and tissues lipid profiles and other biochemicals resulting from the consumption of a high-cholesterol diet were significantly (P
Violent actions against children

Alhammami M, Ooi CP, Tan WH

Data Brief, 2017 Jun;12:480-484.
PMID: 28508027 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2017.04.026

We present in this paper a novel dataset (MMU VAAC) for violent actions against children recognition. This original dataset has been recorded using Microsoft Kinect with the usage of a child mannequin. MMU VAAC dataset contains skeleton joints, depth, and RGB modalities.
Transgender health in India and Pakistan

Ming LC, Hadi MA, Khan TM

Lancet, 2016 11 26;388(10060):2601-2602.
PMID: 27894657 DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)32222-X
Polio and cross-border management

Khan MU, Ahmad A, Balkrishnan R

Lancet Infect Dis, 2017 02;17(2):136.
PMID: 28134106 DOI: 10.1016/S1473-3099(17)30012-9
Pyrolysis of corn stalk biomass briquettes in a scaled-up microwave technology

Salema AA, Afzal MT, Bennamoun L

Bioresour Technol, 2017 Jun;233:353-362.
PMID: 28285228 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.02.113

Pyrolysis of corn stalk biomass briquettes was carried out in a developed microwave (MW) reactor supplied with 2.45GHz frequency using 3kW power generator. MW power and biomass loading were the key parameters investigated in this study. Highest bio-oil, biochar, and gas yield of 19.6%, 41.1%, and 54.0% was achieved at different process condition. In terms of quality, biochar exhibited good heating value (32MJ/kg) than bio-oil (2.47MJ/kg). Bio-oil was also characterised chemically using FTIR and GC-MS method. This work may open new dimension towards development of large-scale MW pyrolysis technology.
Sugar consumption and caries occurrence among Pakistani school children

Taqi M, Razak IA, Ab-Murat N

J Pak Med Assoc, 2018 Oct;68(10):1483-1487.
PMID: 30317346

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the frequency and pattern of sugar intake among Pakistani school going children and its association with early carious lesion and caries history.
METHODS: The cross-sectional study was conducted from January to May 2016 in seven schools of Bhakkar district in the Punjab province of Pakistan, and comprised of school children aged 11-12 years. Diet diaries were used to assess the frequency of sugar intake while caries was assessed using the Modified International Caries Detection and Assessment System. Bivariate analysis was used to assess the association of sugar consumption and early carious lesion with selected sociodemographic variables, and regression analysis was performed to evaluate the factor that matters most in caries occurrence.
RESULTS: Of the 226 subjects, 115(51%) had early carious lesion. Mean frequency of sugar intake was 5.2±3.2 times per day. Children who consumed sugar between main meals (p=0.01) and within two hours before bedtime (p=0.04) had significantly higher history of having caries. Cariogenic intake before bedtime was significantly associated with overall caries risk (p=0.02).
CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of sugar intake among the subjects was slightly higher than the recommended level. .
Bilateral xanthomas of tendoachilles in a slow learner adolescent - A rare case report of van bogaert scherer epstein disease

Jesslyn L, Ngah KC, Muhammad Zaidulkhair Mhd R, Ashwini S

Med J Malaysia, 2018 10;73(5):321-322.
PMID: 30350812 MyJurnal

Van Bogaert Scherer Epstein Disease is a rare autosomal recessive condition involving abnormal deposition of cholesterol and cholestanol in various parts of body, various clinical symptoms manifest on different age group, significantly neurological impairment in late presentation. We are reporting a slow learner young lady presented with bilateral painless ankle swelling, our initial clinical impression were torn Achilles tendon or Haglund's deformity. On further detail history taking, it leads us towards this disease and confirmed with biopsy. A proper history taking and assessment can easily diagnose this condition, early treatment can perhaps change the fate of these unfortunate patients.
Fulltext Global energy security and european union: a review

Muhammad Adil Khattak, Mohammad Azfar Haziq Ayoub, Muhammad Ariff Fadhlillah Abdul Manaf, Mohd Faidhi Mahrul, Mohd Ridwan Mohd Juhari, Mira Idora Mustaffa, et al.

Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Sciences and Engineering Technology, 2018;11(1):64-81.
MyJurnal

Energy supply security is a vital aim of energy policy in countries across the globe.
Global energy security is one of the main concerns as it depends on the concentrations
of the energy supplies political pressure from energy exporters. In Europe’s case,
energy security has been of large concern by the gas crisis which resulted from gas
prices and debts that caused the halt in Russian gas flowing through Ukraine’s
pipelines. The crisis coincidentally happened during the increasing concerns in the
nationalism resource of energy exporters as well as the circumstance involving high oil
prices. Europe’s economies were a huge concern as it was susceptible of energy
exporters’ political pressure and the rivalry with the resource demanding China. Energy
security, however, is still confused as it is shown in political actions. The focus of energy
security in the U.S. has originally been to reduce the susceptibility of it towards political
manipulation and that has tipped the politicians to voice out for the independence of
energy increasing shares of renewable energy. The plan of energy independence in
Brazil, however, had come to a reality as there were timeframes of politician
represented a rising share in fossil fuel supply imports and lowered shares of
renewable energy as to encourage energy security. For other countries, the energy
security they went for was the protection of the poor in countering the products price
instability while others highlight the prominence of defending the economy in contrast
of the disturbance in energy service supplies which is done by letting the prices of
products to increase in times of shortage. The paper will define the energy security
better in terms of the European Union as to shed some light on the issue. It will review
the European Union and the global energy security whilst including the implication of
oil market which will be concentrated in terms of EU, elaboration of the energy security
of EU in context of foreign relation, the physical security issues and challenges faced
by EU, and the elaboration of energy policy of EU.
Phytochemical constituents and pharmacological properties of Garcinia xanthochymus- a review

Che Hassan NKN, Taher M, Susanti D

Biomed Pharmacother, 2018 Oct;106:1378-1389.
PMID: 30119210 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.07.087

The purpose of this study was to determine the phytochemical constituents and pharmacological properties of Garcinia xanthochymus which is commonly known as gamboge, yellow mangosteen and false mangosteen. The phytochemicals constituents, pharmacological benefits and their mechanisms were previously presented in a number of studies including in vitro and in vivo studies from published books, journals and articles. The literature used in this review were published between 1970 and 2017 and were available from databases such as Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Scopus, PubMed, ProQuest and others. The chemical structures in this paper are drawn using ChemBio Ultra 14.0. G. xanthocymus contains many phytochemicals that can be extracted from its constituent parts; the bark, fruits, leaves, roots, twigs and seeds. The predominant extracted phytochemicals are xanthones, benzophenones, flavonoids, depsidones and isocoumarins. These phytochemicals contribute to the pharmacological activities of this plant as an antioxidant, antidiabetic, and for having Nerve Growth Factor-potentiating, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities. This species contains a broad range of phytochemicals with curative properties that can be greatly beneficial to man. Notably, this review focused on those studies of the pharmacological effects of this plant that were concentrated on by previous researchers. Thus, further study needs to be done on G. xanthocymus in order to unlock additional potential activities and to pinpoint the exact mechanisms of how these activities can be induced, leading to new drug discoveries which have fewer side effects.

Filters

Please provide feedback to Administrator (afdal@afpm.org.my)

External Links