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  1. Unusual case of lipoma arborescens in the subacromial-subdeltoid bursa
    Lim MC, See PL, Wang SY, Wee AT, Tee UL
    Med J Malaysia, 2018 12;73(6):400-402.
    PMID: 30647212
    A 38-year-old female presented with a 10-month history of right shoulder pain with impingement symptoms. She was diagnosed on magnetic resonance (MR) imaging to have supraspinatus tendon tear and degenerative changes contributing to subacromial impingement. She also had lipoma arborescens of the subacromial-subdeltoid bursa, an uncommon condition in a particularly rare location. Lipoma arborescens is a benign intra-articular condition characterized by lipomatous proliferation of synovium with replacement of subsynovial tissue by mature adipocytes. It is typically a monoarticular process affecting the knee. Due to the presence of pathognomonic fat, diagnosis is usually straightforward with MR as the preferred imaging modality.
    Matched MeSH terms: Acromioclavicular Joint/pathology; Joint Diseases/pathology; Lipoma/pathology
  2. Myxozoan pathogens in cultured Malaysian fishes. II. Myxozoan infections of redtail catfish Hemibagrus nemurus in freshwater cage cultures
    Molnár K, Székely C, Mohamed K, Shaharom-Harrison F
    Dis Aquat Organ, 2006 Mar 2;68(3):219-26.
    PMID: 16610587
    Cage-cultured Asian redtail catfish Hemibagrus nemurus (Valenciennes, 1840), a popular food fish in Southeast Asia, proved to be infected by 3 myxozoan species. All the 3 species belonged to the genus Henneguya: 2 were identified as H. mystusia Sarkar, 1985 and H. hemibagri Tchang et Ma, 1993, while the other was described as H. basifilamentalis sp. n. All plasmodia were found in the gills and were characterised by a specific site selection. H. mystusia formed plasmodia in the multi-layered epithelium between the gill lamellae and in the non-lamellar edge of the gill filaments, while H. hemibagri developed in the capillary network of the lamellae. H. basifilamentalis sp. n. had large oval plasmodia located deep among the filaments just above the gill arch.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fish Diseases/pathology; Gills/pathology; Protozoan Infections, Animal/pathology
  3. Multiple clustered dermatofibroma presenting in a segmental distribution
    Bhabha FK, Magee J, Ng SY, Grills CE, Su J, Orchard D
    Australas J Dermatol, 2016 Feb;57(1):e20-2.
    PMID: 25557526 DOI: 10.1111/ajd.12257
    Multiple dermatofibromas is a rare entity consisting of more than fifteen lesions. Multiple clustered dermatofibroma is a distinct variant of multiple dermatofibromas and is defined as a well-demarcated plaque composed of individual dermatofibromas. We report a 16-year-old boy with multiple clustered dermatofibroma in a segmental distribution, which has previously not been reported in the literature.
    Matched MeSH terms: Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/pathology*; Skin Neoplasms/pathology*; Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous/pathology*
  4. Effect of Cell Age on Uptake and Toxicity of Nanoparticles: The Overlooked Factor at the Nanobio Interface
    Foroozandeh P, Aziz AA, Mahmoudi M
    ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2019 Oct 30;11(43):39672-39687.
    PMID: 31633323 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b15533
    Clinical translation of nanotechnologies has limited success, at least in part, due to the existence of several overlooked factors on the nature of the nanosystem (e.g., physicochemical properties of nanoparticles), nanobio interfaces (e.g., protein corona composition), and the cellular characteristics (e.g., cell type). In the past decade, several ignored factors including personalized and disease-specific protein corona (a layer of formed biomolecules at the surface of nanoparticles upon their entrance into a biological fluid), incubating temperature, local temperature gradient, cell shape, and cell sex has been introduced. Here, it was hypothesized and validated cell age as another overlooked factor in the field of nanomedicine. To test our hypothesis, cellular toxicity and uptake profiles of our model nanoparticles (i.e., PEGylated quantum dots, QDs) were probed in young and senescent cells (i.e., IMR90 fibroblast cells from human fetal lung and CCD841CoN epithelial cells from human fetal colon) and the outcomes revealed substantial dependency of cell-nanoparticles interactions to the cell age. For example, it was observed that the PEGylated QDs were acutely toxic to senescent IMR90 and CCD841CoN cells, leading to lysosomal membrane permeabilization which caused cell necrosis; in contrast, the young cells were resilient to the exact same amount of QDs and the same incubation time. It was also found that the formation of protein corona could delay the QDs' toxicity on senescent cells. These findings suggest that the cellular aging process have a capacity to cause deteriorative effects on their organelles and normal functions. The outcomes of this study suggest the proof-of-concept that cell age may have critical role in biosystem responses to nanoparticle technologies. Therefore, the effect of cell age should be carefully considered on the nanobio interactions and the information about cellular age (e.g., passage number and age of the cell donor) should be included in the nanomedicine papers to facilitate clinical translation of nanotechnologies and to help scientists to better design and produce safe and efficient diagnostic/therapeutic age-specific nanoparticles.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fibroblasts/pathology; Intracellular Membranes/pathology; Lysosomes/pathology
  5. Mechanical compression controls the biosynthesis of human osteoarthritic chondrocytes in vitro
    Chong PP, Panjavarnam P, Ahmad WNHW, Chan CK, Abbas AA, Merican AM, et al.
    Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon), 2020 10;79:105178.
    PMID: 32988676 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2020.105178
    BACKGROUND: Cartilage damage, which can potentially lead to osteoarthritis, is a leading cause of morbidity in the elderly population. Chondrocytes are sensitive to mechanical stimuli and their matrix-protein synthesis may be altered when chondrocytes experience a variety of in vivo loadings. Therefore, a study was conducted to evaluate the biosynthesis of isolated osteoarthritic chondrocytes which subjected to compression with varying dynamic compressive strains and loading durations.

    METHODS: The proximal tibia was resected as a single osteochondral unit during total knee replacement from patients (N = 10). The osteoarthritic chondrocytes were isolated from the osteochondral units, and characterized using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. The isolated osteoarthritic chondrocytes were cultured and embedded in agarose, and then subjected to 10% and 20% uniaxial dynamic compression up to 8-days using a bioreactor. The morphological features and changes in the osteoarthritic chondrocytes upon compression were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy. Safranin O was used to detect the presence of cartilage matrix proteoglycan expression while quantitative analysis was conducted by measuring type VI collagen using an immunohistochemistry and fluorescence intensity assay.

    FINDINGS: Gene expression analysis indicated that the isolated osteoarthritic chondrocytes expressed chondrocyte-specific markers, including BGN, CD90 and HSPG-2. Moreover, the compressed osteoarthritic chondrocytes showed a more intense and broader deposition of proteoglycan and type VI collagen than control. The expression of type VI collagen was directly proportional to the duration of compression in which 8-days compression was significantly higher than 4-days compression. The 20% compression showed significantly higher intensity compared to 10% compression in 4- and 8-days.

    INTERPRETATION: The biosynthetic activity of human chondrocytes from osteoarthritic joints can be enhanced using selected compression regimes.

    Matched MeSH terms: Cartilage, Articular/pathology; Osteoarthritis/pathology*; Chondrocytes/pathology*
  6. Ocular involvement in leukemia--a study of 288 cases
    Reddy SC, Jackson N, Menon BS
    Ophthalmologica, 2003 Nov-Dec;217(6):441-5.
    PMID: 14573980
    Two hundred and eighty-eight newly diagnosed cases of leukemia (164 males and 124 females, 167 adults and 121 children, 245 acute and 43 chronic, 151 myeloid and 137 lymphoid), aged between 6 weeks and 78 years, were examined for eye changes in the oncology wards within 2 days of diagnosis before starting chemotherapy. Ocular lesions were present in 102 patients (35.4%)--retinal vascular changes in 91 (31.6%); infiltration of ocular tissues in 5 (1.7%), and neuro-ophthalmic signs in 6 (2.1%) cases. Some of the patients had more than one ocular lesion in one or both eyes. The eye changes were seen more often in adults (49.1%) than in children (16.5%), and in myeloid leukemia (41.0%) than in lymphoid leukemia (29.2%). Eye symptoms were present in 29 patients (10%) at initial diagnosis. Since ocular lesions were detected in many asymptomatic leukemia patients, eye examination should be included as a part of routine evaluation at initial diagnosis in these patients.
    Matched MeSH terms: Leukemia/pathology*; Leukemic Infiltration/pathology; Retinal Neoplasms/pathology*
  7. Fulltext Massive upper gastrointestinal bleeding: a rare complication of cholecystoduodenal fistula
    Vadioaloo DK, Loo GH, Leow VM, Subramaniam M
    BMJ Case Rep, 2019 May 10;12(5).
    PMID: 31079042 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2018-228654
    A biliary fistula which may occur spontaneously or after surgery, is an abnormal communication from the biliary system to an organ, cavity or free surface. Spontaneous biliary-enteric fistula is a rare complication of gallbladder pathology, with over 90% of them secondary to cholelithiasis. Approximately 6% are due to perforating peptic ulcers. Symptoms of biliary-enteric fistula varies widely and usually non-specific, mimicking any chronic biliary disease. Cholecystoduodenal fistula causing severe upper gastrointestinal (UGI) bleed is very rare. Bleeding cholecystoduodenal fistula commonly requires surgical resection of the fistula and repair of the duodenal perforation. We describe the case of a previously healthy older patient who initially presented with symptoms suggestive of UGI bleeding. Bleeding could not be controlled endoscopically. When a laparotomy was performed, a cholecystoduodenal fistula was discovered and bleeding was noted to originate from the superficial branch of cystic artery.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biliary Fistula/pathology; Duodenal Diseases/pathology; Intestinal Fistula/pathology
  8. Fulltext Phenotype microarrays reveal metabolic dysregulations of neurospheres derived from embryonic Ts1Cje mouse model of Down syndrome
    Seth EA, Lee HC, Yusof HHBM, Nordin N, Cheah YK, Ho ETW, et al.
    PLoS One, 2020;15(7):e0236826.
    PMID: 32730314 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236826
    Down syndrome (DS), is the most common cause of intellectual disability, and is characterized by defective neurogenesis during perinatal development. To identify metabolic aberrations in early neurogenesis, we profiled neurospheres derived from the embryonic brain of Ts1Cje, a mouse model of Down syndrome. High-throughput phenotypic microarray revealed a significant decrease in utilisation of 17 out of 367 substrates and significantly higher utilisation of 6 substrates in the Ts1Cje neurospheres compared to controls. Specifically, Ts1Cje neurospheres were less efficient in the utilisation of glucose-6-phosphate suggesting a dysregulation in the energy-producing pathway. T Cje neurospheres were significantly smaller in diameter than the controls. Subsequent preliminary study on supplementation with 6-phosphogluconic acid, an intermediate of glucose-6-phosphate metabolism, was able to rescue the Ts1Cje neurosphere size. This study confirmed the perturbed pentose phosphate pathway, contributing to defects observed in Ts1Cje neurospheres. We show for the first time that this comprehensive energetic assay platform facilitates the metabolic characterisation of Ts1Cje cells and confirmed their distinguishable metabolic profiles compared to the controls.
    Matched MeSH terms: Brain/pathology*; Down Syndrome/pathology*; Neurons/pathology*
  9. Fulltext Diagnosis and potential treatments for acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND): a review
    Santos HM, Tsai CY, Maquiling KRA, Tayo LL, Mariatulqabtiah AR, Lee CW, et al.
    Aquac Int, 2020;28(1):169-185.
    PMID: 32834683 DOI: 10.1007/s10499-019-00451-w
    Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) or formerly known as early mortality syndrome (EMS) is an emerging disease that has caused significant economic losses to the aquaculture industry. The primary causative agent of AHPND is Vibrio parahaemolyticus, a Gram-negative rod-shaped bacterium that has gained plasmids encoding the fatal binary toxins Pir A/Pir B that cause rapid death of the infected shrimp. In this review, the current research studies and information about AHPND in shrimps have been presented. Molecular diagnostic tools and potential treatments regarding AHPND were also included. This review also includes relevant findings which may serve as guidelines that can help for further investigation and studies on AHPND or other shrimp diseases.
    Matched MeSH terms: Pathology, Molecular
  10. A deadly hidden nodule
    Lim JA
    Am J Obstet Gynecol, 2018 11;219(5):502.
    PMID: 29678504 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2018.04.021
    Matched MeSH terms: Melanoma/pathology*; Mucous Membrane/pathology; Vaginal Neoplasms/pathology*
  11. Malignant epithelioid haemangioendothelioma of the maxillary sinus
    Wong HT, Mun KS, Zulkiflee AB, Prepageran N
    Pathology, 2016 Jan;48(1):95-6.
    PMID: 27020222 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2015.11.022
    Matched MeSH terms: Maxillary Sinus/pathology; Maxillary Sinus Neoplasms/pathology*; Hemangioendothelioma, Epithelioid/pathology*
  12. Marchiafava-Bignami disease in a non-alcoholic Indian male
    Leong AS
    Pathology, 1979 Apr;11(2):241-9.
    PMID: 460949
    Marchiafava-Bignami disease, a rare affliction of alcoholic males, is described in a severely malnourished Malaysian Indian male who took no alcohol. It is the second report of the disease in an Asian and represents one of the few cases which have occurred in non-alcoholics. Besides the pathognomonic demyelination of the central portion of the corpus callosum, there were striking demyelinative plaques in the subcortical white matter. In addition, neuropathological features of Wernicke's disease were found suggesting that severe malnutrition with thiamine deficiency was probably the cause of his demise.
    Matched MeSH terms: Alcoholism/pathology*; Brain Diseases/pathology*; Corpus Callosum/pathology
  13. An immunohistochemical study comparing clear cell sarcoma of the kidney and Wilms' tumor
    Looi LM, Cheah PL
    Pathology, 1993 Apr;25(2):106-9.
    PMID: 8396229
    This study explores immunohistochemical characteristics that may be of diagnostic value in differentiating clear cell sarcoma of the kidney (CCSK) from Wilms' tumor (WT) and may provide some insight into the histogenesis of CCSK. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of 8 CCSK and 9 WT were stained, using the standard avidin-biotin peroxidase complex method, for vimentin (VIM), Factor-8 related antigen (F8A), epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), desmin (DES), S-100 protein and Mac 387. CCSK cells consistently exhibited moderate to strong diffuse cytoplasmic positivity for VIM and were negative for F8A, EMA, DES, S-100 and Mac 387. In contrast, only patchy groups of stromal cells and primitive glomeruloid structures in WT exhibited VIM-positivity. Blastemal cells were VIM-negative. Stromal cells with rhabdomyomatous differentiation exhibited cytoplasmic positivity for DES. Epithelial cells of maturing tubular structures showed EMA-positivity whereas immature tubular structures were EMA-negative. Neither blastemal, stromal nor epithelial elements in WT were positive for F8A, S-100 or Mac 387. Podocytes and mesangial cells of glomeruli in 3 mid-trimester human abortuses (controls) exhibited moderate to strong VIM-positivity. The importance of differentiating CCSK from WT has been repeatedly emphasized because of its poorer prognosis and the necessity of adding Adriamycin to the chemotherapeutic regime. The consistent VIM-positivity of CCSK cells can be a useful feature in differentiating it from "blastemal-predominant" WT, with which it is often confused. Although vimentin expression by CCSK cells is consistent with a mesenchymal character, the possibility of a histogenetic link with glomerular podocytes or mesangial cells should also be considered.
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney Neoplasms/pathology*; Wilms Tumor/pathology*; Sarcoma/pathology*
  14. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in ameloblastoma: focus on morphologically evident mesenchymal phenotypic transition
    Siar CH, Ng KH
    Pathology, 2019 Aug;51(5):494-501.
    PMID: 31262562 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2019.04.004
    The ameloblastoma is the most common and clinically significant odontogenic epithelial neoplasm known for its locally-invasive behaviour and high recurrence risk. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a fundamental process whereby epithelial cells lose their epithelial characteristics and gain mesenchymal properties. EMT induction via transcription repression has been investigated in ameloblastoma. However, morphologically evident mesenchymal phenotypic transition remains ill-defined. To determine this, 24 unicystic (UA), 34 solid/multicystic (SA) and 18 recurrent ameloblastoma (RA) were immunohistochemically examined for three EMT-related mesenchymal markers, alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), osteonectin and neuronal cadherin (N-cadherin). All three factors were heterogeneously detected in ameloblastoma samples (α-SMA, n=71/76, 93.4%; osteonectin, n=72/76, 94.7%; N-cadherin, n=24/76, 31.6%). In the tumoural parenchyma, immunoreactive cells were not morphologically distinct from their non-reactive cellular counterparts. Rather, α-SMA and osteonectin predominantly labelled the cytoplasm of central polyhedral > peripheral columnar/cuboidal tumour cells. N-cadherin demonstrated weak-to-moderate circumferential membranous staining in both neoplastic cell types and cytoplasmic expression in spindle-celled epithelium of desmoplastic amelobastoma. For all tumour subsets, α-SMA and osteonectin scored significantly higher in the stroma > parenchyma whilst α-SMA was overexpressed along the tumour invasive front > centre (p<0.05). Stromal N-cadherin scored higher in SA > UA and RA > UA (p<0.05). Other clinicopathological parameters showed no significant associations. Taken together, acquisition of mesenchymal traits without morphologically evident mesenchymal alteration suggests partial EMT in ameloblastoma. Stromal upregulation of these proteins in SA and RA implicates a role in local invasiveness.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ameloblastoma/pathology*; Jaw Neoplasms/pathology*; Neoplasm Invasiveness/pathology*
  15. Clostridium difficile-related necrotizing pseudomembranous enteritis in association with Henoch-Schonlein purpura
    Boey CC, Ramanujam TM, Looi LM
    J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr, 1997 Apr;24(4):426-9.
    PMID: 9144126
    Matched MeSH terms: Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous/pathology; Intestinal Mucosa/pathology; Jejunum/pathology
  16. Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Promote Growth and Migration of Lung Adenocarcinoma Cancer Cells
    Zakaria N, Yahaya BH
    Adv Exp Med Biol, 2020;1292:83-95.
    PMID: 31916234 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2019_464
    INTRODUCTION: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been used in cancer therapy as vehicles to deliver therapeutic materials such as drugs, apoptosis inducers and cytokines due to their ability to migrate and home at the tumour site. Furthermore, MSCs have been genetically engineered to produce anticancer molecules such as TRAIL that can induce apoptosis of cancer cells. However, MSCs' presence in the tumour microenvironment has shown to be involved in promoting tumour growth and progression. Therefore, the roles of MSCs either promoting or suppressing tumorigenesis need to be investigated.

    METHODS: Human adipose-derived MSCs (Ad-MSCs) and A549 cells are co-cultured together in indirect co-culture system using Transwell insert. Following co-culture, both cells were analysed in terms of growth rate, migration ability, apoptosis and gene expression for genes involved in migration and stemness characteristics.

    RESULTS: The result shows that Ad-MSCs promoted the growth of A549 cells when indirectly co-cultured for 48 and 72 h. Furthermore, Ad-MSCs significantly enhanced the migration rate of A549 cells. The increased in migration rate was in parallel with the significant increase of MMP9. There are no significant changes observed in the expression of TWIST2, CDH2 and CDH1, genes involved in the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Ad-MSCs also protect A549 cancer cells from undergoing apoptosis and increase the survival of cancer cells.

    CONCLUSION: Secretion of soluble factors from Ad-MSCs has been shown to promote the growth and metastatic characteristics of A549 cancer cells. Therefore, the use of Ad-MSCs in cancer therapy needs to be carefully evaluated in the long-term aspect.

    Matched MeSH terms: Lung Neoplasms/pathology*; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells/pathology*; Carcinogenesis/pathology
  17. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) reverses fibrosis caused by chronic colon inflammation in murine model of colitis
    Tambuwala MM, Kesharwani P, Shukla R, Thompson PD, McCarron PA
    Pathol Res Pract, 2018 Nov;214(11):1909-1911.
    PMID: 30170869 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2018.08.020
    Fibrosis is known to be the hallmarks of chronic inflammation of the bowel. Epithelial damage due to inflammation compromises the barrier function of the gastrointestinal tract. This barrier dysfunction leads to further spread of inflammation resulting in a chronic state of inflammation. This chronic inflammation leads to development of fibrosis, which has very limited therapeutic options and usually requires surgical removal of the affected tissue. Our previous work has shown that Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) is a naturally occurring anti-inflammatory agent, found in propolis, has been found to be protective in experimental colitis via enhancement of epithelial barrier function. However, the impact of CAPE on resolution of fibrosis in the long-term is unknown. The aim of this follow up study was to investigate the effect of CAPE on colon fibrosis in a chronic model of Dextran sulphate sodium induced colitis in mice. Dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) 2.5% w/v was administered in drinking water to induce colitis in C57/BL6 mice for 5 days on the 6th day DSS was stopped and test group mice were treated with intraperitoneal administration of CAPE (30 mg kg-1 day-1) for a further 7 days. Disease activity index (DAI) score, colon length and tissue histology and level of tissue fibrosis was observed. CAPE-treated mice had significantly lower levels of DAI, tissue inflammation scores and fibrosis as compared with control group. Our results show that CAPE is effective in resolving colon fibrosis in chronic inflammation. Thus, we can conclude CAPE could be a potential therapeutic agent for further clinical investigations for treatment of fibrosis in inflammatory bowel diseases in humans.
    Matched MeSH terms: Colitis/pathology*; Fibrosis/pathology*; Inflammation/pathology*
  18. Primary angiosarcoma of the thyroid gland with recurrence diagnosed by fine needle aspiration: a case report
    Isa NM, James DT, Saw TH, Pennisi R, Gough I
    Diagn Cytopathol, 2009 Jun;37(6):427-32.
    PMID: 19306411 DOI: 10.1002/dc.21065
    Angiosarcoma of the thyroid is a rare and aggressive primary malignant tumor of the thyroid originally reported in patients from the Swiss Alpine region. Diagnosis of this tumor rests mainly on characteristic histopathological features of a malignant vascular tumor supported by immunopositivity for vascular markers e.g., CD31, Factor VIII, and CD34. Its cytological features, however, are not well-defined. We describe a case of primary angiosarcoma of the thyroid in a 48-year-old female, who presented with a rapidly enlarging neck mass associated with compressive symptoms. She had a history of hypothyroidism. The initial fine needle aspiration cytology of the neck mass was negative. She then underwent left hemithyroidectomy. Histologically, the tumor showed poorly differentiated malignant cells with eccentrically-placed nuclei, prominent nucleoli, and intracytoplasmic vacuoles admixed with mixed inflammatory cells. These showed immunopositivity for CD31 but were negative for CD34, Factor VIII, CK5/6, EMA, TTF-1, Thyroglobulin, Calcitonin, Melan A, and Calretinin. A diagnosis of poorly differentiated malignant tumor consistent with angiosarcoma was made. The patient was treated with radiation therapy but developed recurrence of the tumor. Second aspiration cytology of the recurrent tumor yielded hypocellular smears containing singularly dispersed atypical cells having eccentrically-placed nuclei with prominent macronucleoli and intracytoplasmic vacuoles within a background of inflammatory cells, consistent with recurrent angiosarcoma. Chemotherapy was started but she succumbed to the disease 7 months after diagnosis. The cytological, histopathological, immunohistochemical findings, and the clinical course are discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cell Nucleolus/pathology; Hemangiosarcoma/pathology*; Thyroid Gland/pathology*
  19. Rosline Hassan: building the future of haemato-pathology in Malaysia
    Burki TK
    Lancet Haematol, 2021 Aug;8(8):e551.
    PMID: 34329575 DOI: 10.1016/S2352-3026(21)00215-5
    Matched MeSH terms: Hematologic Diseases/pathology*; Leukemia/pathology; Pathology, Molecular
  20. Fulltext Choledochal cyst and aberrant biliary configuration along with situs inversus totalis: a case report
    Gan DEY, Alagoo D, Chan KH, Choi RXY, Sellappan H, Sharif MS, et al.
    Pan Afr Med J, 2021;38:398.
    PMID: 34381542 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2021.38.398.29228
    Situs inversus totalis is the complete transpositioning of thoracoabdominal viscera into a mirror image of the normal configuration. Choledochal cyst is the congenital cystic dilation of the biliary tract. Both these conditions coexisting in a patient is extremely rare. We hereby present a case of type IC choledochal cyst in a patient with situs inversus totalis presenting with biliary sepsis secondary to choledocholithiasis. Also detailed are the management and operative strategies employed to deal with this rare entity.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biliary Tract Diseases/pathology; Situs Inversus/pathology; Choledochal Cyst/pathology
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