Displaying publications 81 - 100 of 493 in total

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  1. Fabrication of oil-in-water emulsions as shelf-stable liquid non-dairy creamers: effects of homogenization pressure, oil type, and emulsifier concentration
    Soo YN, Tan CP, Tan PY, Khalid N, Tan TB
    J Sci Food Agric, 2021 Apr;101(6):2455-2462.
    PMID: 33034060 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10871
    BACKGROUND: The popularity of coffee, the second most consumed beverage in the world, contributes to the high demand for liquid non-dairy creamer (LNDC). In this study, palm olein emulsions (as LNDCs) were investigated as alternatives to the more common soybean oil-based LNDCs. LNDCs were prepared via different homogenization pressures (100-300 bar) using different types of oil (palm olein and soybean oil) and concentrations of DATEM emulsifier (5-20 g kg-1 ).

    RESULTS: Increases in homogenization pressure and emulsifier concentration were observed to have significant (P  0.05) differences between the prepared and commercial LNDCs in terms of their color, appearance, and overall acceptability.

    CONCLUSION: Shelf-stable LNDCs with qualities comparable to commercial LNDC were successfully fabricated. Valuable insights into the effects of homogenization pressure, oil type, and emulsifier concentration, as well as functionality and consumer acceptance of the LNDCs when added into black coffee, were obtained. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.

    Matched MeSH terms: Color
  2. Thismia belumensis (Thismiaceae), a remarkable new species from The Royal Belum State Park, Gerik, Perak, Peninsular Malaysia
    Siti-Munirah MY, Suhaimi-Miloko Z, Ahmad MIZ
    PhytoKeys, 2021;172:121-134.
    PMID: 33664611 DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.172.59336
    This report describes Thismia belumensis Siti-Munirah & Suhaimi-Miloko, a novel species of achlorophyllous herb discovered in the Royal Belum State Park, Peninsular Malaysia. This new species is unlike any previously described species of Thismia. In particular, T. belumensis possesses a unique annulus, which has been expanded and modified into a cucullate (hood-like) structure. This structure covers the apical floral tube and has an opening on one side facing a thickened part of the annulus, and the off-centre floral aperture confers a zygomorphic symmetry to the flower, indicating T. belumensis is more similar to Thismia labiata J.J.Sm. This morphological detail makes this new species distinct from all other described species of Thismia. In this report, we provide descriptions, illustrations, colour plates, and the provisional conservation status of Thismia belumensis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Color
  3. Fulltext Microbiological and physical properties of pennywort (Centella asiatica) leaves using pulsed light technology
    Siti Zaharah, R., Noranizan, M., Son, R., Roselina, K., Yusof, N. L., Koh, P. C., et al.
    International Food Research Journal, 2020;27(1):16-27.
    MyJurnal
    Pennywort (Centella asiatica) is a herbaceous vegetable commonly consumed raw as ‘ulam’ or salad. Consumption of raw leafy green vegetables is one of the pathogenic mechanisms that could cause foodborne outbreaks. The aim of the present work was therefore to investigate the effect of pulsed light (PL) treatment at fluences of 1.5, 4.2, 6.9, 9.6, and 12.3 J/cm² on the microbiological and physical quality of pennywort stored at 4 ± 1°C. Escherichia coli (E. coli) were inoculated onto the pennywort leaves before being exposed to PL and viewed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). PL fluences of 6.9, 9.6, and 12.3 J/cm² significantly reduced the microbial count; however, the highest inactivation was obtained by using fluences of 9.6 and 12.3 J/cm². The color of pennywort was not significantly affected by PL treatment applied at lower fluences of 1.5, 4.2, and 6.9 J/cm²; however, at higher fluence, 9.6 and 12.3 J/cm², the color was affected. PL at 1.5, 4.2, 6.9, and 9.6 J/cm² was able to retain the texture appearance of the leaves. To conclude, PL at 6.9 J/cm² showed the best fluence to reduce total aerobic mesophilic count while retaining the physical properties of pennywort leaves and extend the shelf life to about four days. The inactivation of E. coli population was significantly higher at PL fluence of 6.9 J/cm². It was observed that PL caused the destruction to the surface of E. coli’s cell membrane. The reductions of samples inoculated with E. coli were better than those achieved in native microbiota. Furthermore, the present work also demonstrated that PL treatment was able to reduce the microbial count on pennywort leaves.
    Matched MeSH terms: Color
  4. Fulltext Effect of sugar beet pectin on oil uptake in fried banana and its acceptability
    Siti Suhara Ramli, Aini `Izzati Mohd Rosdi
    ESTEEM Academic Journal, 2019;15(1):64-75.
    MyJurnal
    Fried banana is one of the popular local snacks in Malaysia. However, tremendous interest in healthy food has risen among consumers and producers resulting in a rising demand for low-fat foods. Thus, oil uptake needs to be considered during frying since it also affects the flavour, odour
    and general organoleptic properties of the food. The main objective of this study is to determine the effect of different concentrations of sugar beet pectin in the frying batter of fried banana and introduce the new usage of sugar beet pectin as one of the ingredients in the frying batter. Three different formulations of frying batter were prepared using 1%, 1.5% and 2% of sugar beet pectin (SBP) together with other ingredients including rice flour, water, plain flour, baking powder and salt. The addition of sugar beet pectin improved the characteristic of the batter as well as the fried banana crust. The moisture content of the crust increased about 7.6% when 1.5% SBP (F2) was used in the formulation thereby reducing the oil absorption by 8.5%. The crust crispiness also increased by 16.7% when 1.5% SBP (F2) was added to the frying batter formulation. Batter pick-up value was found highest in F1 (1% SBP) with 8.84% increment as compared to batter with no added hydrocolloids. Addition of SBP in batter formulations significantly increased the batter pick-up value. In terms of acceptability, F1 (1% SBP) was the most preferred by the panellist which was due to the appearance and colour of the fried bananas. All formulations obtained attributes scores higher than six thus were accepted by the panellists.
    Matched MeSH terms: Color
  5. Fulltext Profiles and biological values of sea cucumbers: a mini review
    Siti Fathiah Masre
    Life Sciences, Medicine and Biomedicine, 2018;2(4):7-11.
    MyJurnal
    Sea cucumbers, blind cylindrical marine invertebrates that live in the ocean intertidal beds have more than thousand species available of varying morphology and colours throughout the world. Sea cucumbers have long been exploited in traditional treatment as a source of natural medicinal compounds. Various nutritional and therapeutic values have been linked to this invertebrate. These creatures have been eaten since ancient times and purported as the most commonly consumed echinoderms. Some important biological activities of sea cucumbers including anti-hypertension, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-asthmatic, anti-bacterial and wound healing. Thus, this short review comes with the principal aim to cover the profile, taxonomy, together with nutritional and medicinal properties of sea cucumbers.
    Matched MeSH terms: Color
  6. Fulltext Anthocyanin content in relation to the antioxidant activity and colour properties of Garcinia mangostana peel, Syzigium cumini and Clitoria ternatea extracts
    Siti Azima, A.M., Noriham, A., Manshoor, N.
    International Food Research Journal, 2014;21(6):2369-2375.
    MyJurnal
    The plant extract serves not only as a good source of bioactive compounds but also as natural pigment that can be applied as colourants in food and pharmaceutical products. The aim of this study were to determine the anthocyanin content of Garcinia mangostana peel extract (GMPE), Clitoria ternatea extract (CTE) and Syzigium cumini extract (SCE) in relation to their antioxidant activity and their colour properties. The antioxidant activities related to the phenolic constituents including anthocyanin content were determined based on the EC50 of DPPH radical scavenging activity and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assay. The colour properties of the plant extracts were measured based on their degradation index (DI), indices of polymeric colour (PC) and colour density (CD). GMPE showed higher FRAP value and lower EC50 value which were 79.37 mmoles/g and 0.11 mg/ml, respectively, as compared to SCE extract with FRAP value, 25.66 mmoles/g and EC50 value, 0.22 mg/ml. Total monomeric anthocyanin (tmAcy) exhibited a strong correlation between FRAP assay (r2 = 0.998) and DPPH assay (r2 = 0.859). GMPE showed high CD (1.63 AU), moderate PC (0.18 AU) but low in DI (1.19 AU) while SCE exhibited low in CD (0.55 AU) and PC (0.07 AU) but moderate DI (1.26 AU). CTE exhibited high in DI (5.39 AU) and PC (0.19 AU) but moderate in CD (0.55). Hence, it can be concluded that colour pigment obtained from GMPE exhibited high antioxidant activity and better colour properties as compared to SCE and the strong correlation between tmAcy and two antioxidant activity assays which are FRAP and DPPH indicated that monomeric anthocyanin plays a major role in antioxidant activity of these plant extracts.
    Matched MeSH terms: Color
  7. Measurement of the Splitting Function in pp and Pb-Pb Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02  TeV
    Sirunyan AM, Tumasyan A, Adam W, Ambrogi F, Asilar E, Bergauer T, et al.
    Phys Rev Lett, 2018 Apr 06;120(14):142302.
    PMID: 29694107 DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.120.142302
    Data from heavy ion collisions suggest that the evolution of a parton shower is modified by interactions with the color charges in the dense partonic medium created in these collisions, but it is not known where in the shower evolution the modifications occur. The momentum ratio of the two leading partons, resolved as subjets, provides information about the parton shower evolution. This substructure observable, known as the splitting function, reflects the process of a parton splitting into two other partons and has been measured for jets with transverse momentum between 140 and 500 GeV, in pp and PbPb collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV per nucleon pair. In central PbPb collisions, the splitting function indicates a more unbalanced momentum ratio, compared to peripheral PbPb and pp collisions.. The measurements are compared to various predictions from event generators and analytical calculations.
    Matched MeSH terms: Color
  8. Fulltext Decolourisation Capabilities of Ligninolytic Enzymes Produced by Marasmius cladophyllus UMAS MS8 on Remazol Brilliant Blue R and Other Azo Dyes
    Sing NN, Husaini A, Zulkharnain A, Roslan HA
    Biomed Res Int, 2017;2017:1325754.
    PMID: 28168194 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1325754
    Marasmius cladophyllus was examined for its ability to degradatively decolourise the recalcitrant dye Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR) and screened for the production of ligninolytic enzymes using specific substrates. Monitoring dye decolourisation by the decrease in absorbance ratio of A592/A500 shows that the decolourisation of RBBR dye was associated with the dye degradation. Marasmius cladophyllus produces laccase and lignin peroxidase in glucose minimal liquid medium containing RBBR. Both enzyme activities were increased, with laccase activity recorded 70 times higher reaching up to 390 U L-1 on day 12. Further in vitro RBBR dye decolourisation using the culture medium shows that laccase activity was correlated with the dye decolourisation. Fresh RBBR dye continuously supplemented into the decolourised culture medium was further decolourised much faster in the subsequent round of the RBBR dye decolourisation. In vitro dye decolourisation using the crude laccase not only decolourised 76% of RBBR dye in just 19 hours but also decolourised 54% of Orange G and 33% of Congo red at the same period of time without the use of any exogenous mediator. This rapid dye decolourisation ability of the enzymes produced by M. cladophyllus thus suggested its possible application in the bioremediation of dye containing wastewater.
    Matched MeSH terms: Color; Coloring Agents/metabolism*
  9. Fulltext Improvement to the scanning electron microscope image colorization by adaptive tuning
    Sim KS, Ting HY, Lai MA, Tso CP
    J Microsc, 2009 Jun;234(3):243-50.
    PMID: 19493101 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2818.2009.03167.x
    An improvement to the previously proposed Canny optimization technique for scanning electron microscope image colorization is reported. The additional process is adaptive tuning, where colour tuning is performed adaptively, based on comparing the original luminance values with calculated luminance values. The complete adaptive Canny optimization technique gives significantly better mechanical contrast on scanning electron microscope grey-scale images than do existing methods.
    Matched MeSH terms: Color*
  10. Mitigation of 3-MCPD esters and glycidyl esters during the physical refining process of palm oil by micro and macro laboratory scale refining
    Sim BI, Khor YP, Lai OM, Yeoh CB, Wang Y, Liu Y, et al.
    Food Chem, 2020 Oct 30;328:127147.
    PMID: 32497897 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127147
    The reduction of the 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol esters (3-MCPDE) and glycidyl esters (GE) was successfully achieved by the optimization of four processing parameters: phosphoric acid dosage, degumming temperature, bleaching earth dosage, and deodorization temperature by response surface methodology without the need for additional processing steps. The optimized processing conditions were 0.31% phosphoric acid dosage, 50 °C degumming temperature, 3% bleaching earth dosage, and 240 °C deodorization temperature. The optimization resulted in more than 80% and 65% reduction of 3-MCPDE and GE levels, respectively with color and FFA contents maintained in the acceptable range specified by Palm Oil Refiners Association of Malaysia. The optimized refining condition was transferred to macro scale refining units of 1 kg and 3 kg capacities to investigate its successful application during scale-up process.
    Matched MeSH terms: Color
  11. Fulltext Edible films from seaweed (kappaphycus alvarezii)
    Siah, W.M., Aminah, A., Ishak, A.
    International Food Research Journal, 2015;22(6):2230-2236.
    MyJurnal
    A new patent pending process is proposed in this study to produce edible film directly from seaweed (Kappaphycus alvarezii). Seaweed together with other ingredients has been used to produce the film through casting technique. Physical and mechanical tests were performed on the edible films to examine the thickness, colour, transparency, solubility, tensile strength,
    elongation at break, water permeability rate, oxygen permeability rate and surface morphology. Produced film was transparent, stretchable, sealable and have basic properties as a film for food packaging. This study suggests that the edible film could be used as novel materials in food industry as sachet/pouch/bag for instant coffee, breakfast cereals drinks, seasoning powder,
    candies etc; as wrapper for seasoning cube and chocolate; as interleaf for frozen foods such as burger patties to avoid the patties from sticking together; and also as material for edible logo in bakeries products. Other than that, the edible film also could be used in pharmaceutical industry as functional strips such as oral freshener strips and drug strips. In cosmetic and toiletries industries, the edible film could be used to produce facial mask and bag for pre-portioned detergent. Compared with edible film developed earlier using alginate and carrageenan, film developed in this research used seaweed directly. The developed film reduced the need to extract the alginate and carrageenan, making material preparation easier and cheaper.
    Matched MeSH terms: Color
  12. Fulltext Global colour scale for tmeline events in ion dynamics
    Sharif, J.M., Latiff, M.S.A., Ngadi, M.A.
    ASM Science Journal, 2007;1(2):109-128.
    MyJurnal
    Spatio-temporal datasets are a collection of datasets where data can vary in both space and time. Theoretically, such datasets can be considered as continuous and discrete. For example, specification of the function, F: Ed  T Rn, where Ed denotes d-dimensional Euclidean space, T = R* ∩ {} the domain of time and Rn an n-dimensional scalar field. Examples of such data sets include time-varying simulation results, film and videos, time-varying medical datasets, geometry models with motion or deformation, meteorological measurements, and many more. It is therefore highly desirable to use visualisation to summarize meaningful information in higher dimensional spatio-temporal datasets. Our aim is to conceive an efficient visual study to facilitate scientists in identifying temporal association among complex and chaotic atom movements in ion trajectories. An application that uses a streamline for spatial motion of ion trajectories and Colour Number Coding Scheme for temporal encoding of high degree of timeline events among mobile ions is proposed. With an anthology of the visual examples, it was revealed that this application would be beneficial for scientists to visually mine any 3D spatio-temporal dataset.
    Matched MeSH terms: Color
  13. Isolation of chromatic and achromatic mechanisms: a new approach
    Sharanjeet-Kaur, Kulikowski JJ, Carden D
    Ophthalmic Physiol Opt, 1998 Jan;18(1):49-56.
    PMID: 9666910
    The purpose of this study was to optimise the testing paradigm for isolating the contributions of chromatic and achromatic mechanisms to the human spectral sensitivity function. Spectral sensitivity was determined for a test spot size of 1.2 deg presented with various spatial and temporal masks on a large, 10 deg background field of moderate intensity (1000 td) and colour temperature, CT = 2700 K. Sinusoidal temporal presentation (1 Hz) and a masking annulus of between 3 and 10 min of arc surrounding the test spot, was found to be most effective in separating chromatic from achromatic mechanisms. Square-wave (1 Hz) temporal presentation combined with the annulus was slightly less selective. The presence of the annulus did not affect the shape of flicker detection at 25 Hz which is a measure of the luminosity (achromatic) spectral sensitivity function.
    Matched MeSH terms: Color Perception*
  14. Spectral sensitivity in patients with dysthyroid eye disease
    Sharanjeet-Kaur, Dickinson CM, O'Donoghue E, Murray IJ
    Ophthalmic Physiol Opt, 1997 May;17(3):232-8.
    PMID: 9196665 DOI: 10.1111/j.1475-1313.1997.0_749.x
    The majority of patients with dysthyroid eye disease have an acquired colour vision defect. However, no psychophysical investigation of selective damage to colour or flicker pathways has been carried out. In order to clarify the nature of the visual pathology, we have used a psychophysical technique (spectral sensitivity) to selectively stimulate the chromatic and achromatic mechanisms. Spectral spots of size 1 degree presented at a rate of 1 Hz on a bright 1000 td white background are detected by the chromatic mechanism but a rate of 25 Hz reveals the achromatic mechanism. Fifteen patients (28 eyes) between the ages of 50-70 years were tested. The study showed that all patients had reduced spectral sensitivity, either 1 Hz, 25 Hz or both. The patients with reduced 1 Hz or 25 Hz spectral sensitivity only had a shorter systemic and ocular duration of the condition, had no proptosis, normal intraocular pressures in primary gaze, slightly higher intraocular pressures on upgaze, normal visual field plots and FM 100-Hue error scores higher than the normal age-matched values. The patients with reduced both 1 Hz and 25 Hz spectral sensitivities had a longer systemic and ocular duration of the condition, had proptosis, normal intraocular pressures in primary position, higher intraocular pressures on upgaze and higher FM 100-Hue error scores than the age-matched normals and those in Groups 1 and 2. A total of 50% of patients in Group 3 had defective visual field plots. These data suggest that there is a damage of the large achromatic fibres and small chromatic fibres in dysthyroid eye disease. The mechanism of the damage could be one of ischaemic or mechanical or both.
    Matched MeSH terms: Color Vision Defects/diagnosis*; Color Perception Tests*
  15. Fulltext Effect of petroleum derivatives and solvents on colour perception
    Sharanjeet-Kaur, Mursyid A, Kamaruddin A, Ariffin A
    Clin Exp Optom, 2004 Jul;87(4-5):339-43.
    PMID: 15312037 DOI: 10.1111/j.1444-0938.2004.tb05064.x
    BACKGROUND: Occupational exposure to various neurotoxic chemicals has been shown to be associated with colour vision impairment. It seems that this can occur at low exposure levels, sometimes well below the recommended occupational threshold limits. This study was undertaken to determine the effect of exposure to petroleum derivatives (polyethylene, polystyrene) and solvents (perchloroethylene) on colour perception.
    METHODS: Colour vision was assessed using the Ishihara plates, the D-15 test and the Farnsworth Munsell 100 Hue test. Two factories using petroleum derivatives and three dry cleaning premises were chosen at random. A total of 93 apparently healthy employees were recruited from the five workplaces. Two age-matched control groups comprising 56 people, who were support staff of the university with no exposure to petroleum, solvents or their derivatives, were also recruited.
    RESULTS: All subjects passed the Ishihara test, showing that none had a congenital red-green defect. Some of the exposed employees failed the D-15 and had abnormally high FM100 Hue scores. All control subjects passed all the colour vision tests. The D-15 test showed that 28 per cent (26 of 93) of exposed employees had a colour vision defect whereas the FM 100 Hue test found that 63 per cent (59 of 93) had a colour vision defect. Most defects were of the blue-yellow type (22.6 per cent) when using the D-15 test. However, with the FM 100 Hue test, most defects were of the non-polar type with no specific axis (50.5 per cent). Mean total error scores calculated from the FM100 Hue test for exposed employees were statistically significantly higher than those of the control subjects.
    CONCLUSION: Employees directly exposed to petroleum derivatives and solvents have a higher risk of acquiring colour vision defects compared to subjects who are not.
    Study sites: Factories; the control subjects were tested at the Optometry Clinic in Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Color Perception/drug effects*; Color Perception Tests
  16. Fulltext Spectral sensitivity in eyes with macular holes and their fellow eyes
    Sharanjeet-Kaur, O'Donaghue E, Murray IJ
    Clin Exp Optom, 2003 Nov;86(6):385-9.
    PMID: 14632615 DOI: 10.1111/j.1444-0938.2003.tb03083.x
    BACKGROUND: This prospective study was undertaken to investigate whether spectral sensitivity can be useful in determining the prognosis of fellow eyes of eyes with macular holes.
    METHODS: Spectral sensitivity measurements using a one degree test spot presented at a rate of 1 Hz and 25 Hz on a bright (1000 td) white background were carried out on 10 patients aged between 67 and 74 years (mean age 70.3 +/- 2.6 years). Each patient had a full thickness macular hole in one eye and a normal contralateral fellow eye. The spectral sensitivity measurements were made with eccentric fixation in the eyes with macular holes and with central fixation in the normal fellow eye. A year later, the patient files were reviewed to look at the patient's ocular condition. Another 10 subjects between the ages of 50 and 80 years (mean age 69.5 +/- 4.2 years) were also seen. These control group subjects had visual acuities of 6/9 or better with minimal ocular media changes and no ocular or systemic pathology that could affect colour vision.
    RESULTS: The 1 Hz and 25 Hz spectral sensitivities of all patients were reduced for both eyes. Despite the good eye without a macular hole having a VA of 6/6, the spectral sensitivity was similar to that of the eye with the macular hole and markedly reduced visual acuity.
    CONCLUSION: The present investigation enabled us to examine the chromatic and achromatic mechanisms by testing spectral sensitivity at 1 Hz and 25 Hz, respectively. The data revealed that both chromatic and achromatic processing could be damaged in the eye with a macular hole. Surprisingly, the spectral sensitivities of both 1 Hz and 25 Hz are equally reduced in the good fellow eye with no macular hole. A one-year follow-up showed that two of the 10 patients (20 per cent) did eventually develop a macular hole in the normal fellow eye. This indicates that there is some subclinical foveal dysfunction in the normal fellow eye, the nature of which is unclear.
    Study site: Manchester Royal Eye Hospital (MREH), United Kingdom
    Matched MeSH terms: Color Perception*
  17. Fulltext Studies on the effectiveness of acute gamma and ion beam irradiation in generating flower colour mutation for chrysanthemum morifolium
    Shakinah Salleh, Affrida Abu Hassan, Shuhaimi Shamsudin, Yahya Awang, Ab. Kahar Sandrang, Abdullah, Thohirah Lee
    Jurnal Sains Nuklear Malaysia, 2012;24(2):59-70.
    MyJurnal
    Chrysanthemum morfolium is an important temperate cut flower and potted plant for Malaysian local market and exporter. Considering chrysanthemum as a popular vegetatively propagated ornamental plant, induce mutations for breeding purposes are more beneficial. Several of physical mutagens have been used in mutation breeding including x-rays, gamma rays and ion beams. Gamma rays and ion beams are from two different linear energy transfer (LET) which are low and high, respectively. The objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of acute gamma and ion beam irradiation in generating flower colour mutations on nodal explants of Chrysanthemum morifblium cv. Reagan Red'. The nodal explants were irradiated with acute gamma (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110 and 120 Gy) and ion beam (0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 5.0, 8.0, 10, 15, 20 and 30 Gy). The optimal dose for in vitro shoot regeneration using acute gamma was in the range of 10 to .15.0Gy and for ion beam was between 3.5 to 4.OGv. Relative biological effectiveness for ion beam was found 3.75 higher than the acute gamma. The regenerated plantlets were planted in the greenhouse at MARDI, Cameron Highland for morphological screening. The highest frequency of flower colour mutation for acute gamma was 77.8% whilst for ion beam were between 42.3 to 58.3%.
    Matched MeSH terms: Color
  18. Fulltext Effect of roasting conditions on hardness, moisture content and colour of pistachio kernels
    Shakerardekani, A., Karim, R, Mohd Ghazali, H, Chin, N.L.
    International Food Research Journal, 2011;18(2):723-729.
    MyJurnal
    Roasting of whole-kernels is an important step in the production of pistachio paste. The effect of hot air roasting temperatures (90-190°C) and times (5-65 min) on the hardness, moisture content and colour attributes (‘L’, ‘a’ and ‘b’ values and yellowness index) of both whole-kernel and ground-state were investigated using response surface methodology (RSM). Increases in roasting temperature and time caused a decrease in all the responses except for ‘a’ value of ground-state. The interaction and quadratic models sufficiently described the changes in the hardness and colour values, respectively. The result of RSM analysis showed that hardness and colour attributes (‘L’ and ‘b’ values, yellowness index) of kernels and ‘a’ value of ground-state could be used to monitor the roasting quality of whole-kernels. This study showed that the recommended range of roasting temperature and time of whole-kernel for the production of pistachio paste were 130-140°C and 30-40 min, respectively.
    Matched MeSH terms: Color
  19. Fulltext A ten-year review of ruptured sinus of valsalva: clinico-pathological and echo-Doppler features
    Shah RP, Ding ZP, Ng AS, Quek SS
    Singapore Med J, 2001 Oct;42(10):473-6.
    PMID: 11874151
    Rupture of the sinus of valsalva (RSOV) is an uncommon condition with a variety of manifestations ranging from an asymptomatic murmur to cardiogenic shock. This retrospective 10-year review (1985-1995) of 18 patients from a single institution revealed that 6 (33%) were female and 12 (67%) were male with a mean age of 37.6 +/- 13.4 years and that 72% were Chinese by ethnic descent with the remaining 28% being Malay. Eight patients (44.4%) presented with an asymptomatic murmur, 4 (22.2%) with acute chest pain, 4 (22.2%) with mild heart failure, 2 (11.1%) with severe heart failure, and 2 (11.1%) with cardiogenic shock. Rupture of the right aneurysmal coronary cusp (RCC) made up 15 (83.3%) while those of the non-coronary cusp (NCC) made up the remaining. Most of the RCC ruptures were directed into the right ventricle and all of the NCC ruptures were into the right atrium. Ventricular septal defects (VSDs) were found in 9 (50%) of the patients, (although detected by echocardiography in only one third of those patients), aortic regurgitation in 6 (33.3%) and aortic valve vegetations in 2 (11.1%). Echocardiography was found to be accurate in diagnosing RSOVs with 100% diagnostic accuracy after 1990 with four misdiagnoses before 1990. Of these four patients, two were misdiagnosed as having VSDs, one as having a coronary arteriovenous fistula and one as having a patent ductus arteriosus. The anatomical structure of the "windsock" was seen in 64% of the patients who were correctly diagnosed. The pattern of colour flow and spectral Doppler was seen in all patients and helped to localise the site of rupture and the direction of flow. In summary, echocardiography is a simple and accurate way of diagnosing and defining RSOVs and is the imaging modality of choice.
    Matched MeSH terms: Echocardiography, Doppler, Color*
  20. Fulltext Disinfectant of pummelo (Citrus Grandis L. Osbeck) fruit juice using gaseous ozone
    Shah NNAK, Supian NAM, Hussein NA
    J Food Sci Technol, 2019 Jan;56(1):262-272.
    PMID: 30728568 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-018-3486-2
    This work studied the effectiveness of gaseous ozone disinfection on pummelo (Citrus Grandis L. Osbeck) fruit juice components. Unfiltered and filtered pummelo fruit juices were treated with gaseous ozone for up to 50 min with ozone concentration fixed at 600 mg/h. A microbiological and physicochemical properties analysis were conducted on the ozone-treated fruit juices samples. It was found that the survival rate of aerobic bacteria, yeast and mold in unfiltered pummelo fruit juice were higher compared to filtered juice, as the juice components acted as protective barriers to the microorganisms. The microorganisms' inactivation in pummelo fruit juices was also observed to have increased as the ozone treatment time increased. Significant effects on total colour difference, ascorbic acid content, and total phenolic content were also observed over increased ozone-treatment time. However, ozone was shown to be ineffective in activating PME activity in both types of juice. The experimental results of this study indicated that pummelo fruit juice components had significant effects on the effectiveness of gaseous ozone, however, the degree of the effects depends on the different fruit components (total soluble solids, total phenolic content). As a conclusion, filtered juice showed better quality characteristics in comparison to unfiltered juice post-ozone treatment.
    Matched MeSH terms: Color
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