MyMedR

Displaying publications 1061 - 1080 of 7036 in total

Abstract:

Sort:

Fulltext Review of mayflies (Insecta Ephemeroptera) as a bioindicator of heavy metals and microplastics in freshwater

Benhadji N, Kurniawan SB, Imron MF

Sci Total Environ, 2025 Jan 01;958:178057.
PMID: 39674161 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.178057

Heavy metal and microplastic pollutions are prevalent in freshwater ecosystems, with many freshwater bodies being contaminated by one or both of these pollutants. Recent studies reported extreme detections of Cd, Pb and Zn, high concentrations of Cr, Pb and Cu and microplastics acting as vectors of pollutants, including heavy metals. Mayflies can serve as bioindicators of heavy metal contamination in freshwater ecosystems because changes in their community structure, physiology, and behaviour can reflect and help predict the concentrations of metals in these environments. This review discusses the ecological alterations induced by tissue metal concentration in mayflies and other macroinvertebrates. As sensitive taxa to heavy metal contamination, mayflies can reflect the impacts of this pollution through their ethology and relationship to the substrate, highlighting issues such as eutrophication, alterations in community structure, inhibitory effects and sediment toxicity. Mayflies are also highly affected by microplastic exposure, which leads to ingestion, bioaccumulation, biomagnification, habitat and community alteration, behavioural changes, physiology alteration and toxicity. Mayflies bioindication metrics for assessing the impact of heavy metals and microplastics include the examination of community alteration, functional feeding behaviour, molecular structure, dietary and toxicity impacts, bioaccumulation and biomagnification and biomarkers. Current challenges for the utilization of mayflies as bioindicators include temporal variations in sensitivity, lack of universally recognised protocols and need for standardised protocols for microplastic analysis. Additionally, the applicability of mayflies as bioindicators may vary across different ecosystems, emphasising the need for selecting suitable indicators that align with the unique characteristics of the ecosystem.
Fulltext Prevalence of Frailty and Its Standardised Assessment Tools among Malaysian Older Person: A Systematic Review

Shaharudin MI, Abd Rahman NFN

Malays J Med Sci, 2022 Dec;29(6):34-45.
PMID: 36818895 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2022.29.6.4

Frailty is conceptually defined as a state of increased vulnerability in older persons, resulting from age-associated declines in physiological reserve and function as they cope with everyday life stressors. To date, the prevalence of frailty has been assessed in various ways. The objective of this study was to identify the prevalence of the condition and the assessment tools used to determine its occurrence among Malaysian older individuals. A systematic literature search was performed on electronic bibliographic databases, namely, Web of Science, Scopus, EBSCOHost: MEDLINE Complete and Google Scholar. Ten eligible articles were reviewed and evaluated using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Frailty was diagnosed using Fried's frailty phenotype and the Groningen Frailty Indicator (GFI). Assessment tools that included physical performance tests detected a lower prevalence of frailty than that determined using questionnaire-based tools. The prevalence of frailty ranged from as low as 6% to as high as 76%, and there was a higher prevalence among older persons living in aged care homes. This review suggests increasing prospective and interventional studies on frailty to establish a cause-effect relationship between standardised tools of assessing frailty and its prevalence among Malaysian older persons and provide guidelines for health professionals on promoting active lifestyles among older populations.
Fulltext Interphase investigation of modified McLachlan model and the 3D finite element method for electrical conductivity

Zulkarnain M, Harny I, Damanhuri AAM

Heliyon, 2025 Jan 15;11(1):e41621.
PMID: 39866485 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e41621

This paper explores the electrical conductivity interphase of Ag/Epoxy composite using modified McLachlan theory and 3D finite element composite model through experimental verification. The model characteristic presents conductivity as a dynamic function influenced by particle content, particle electrical properties, electrical properties transition, and an exponent. This model was meticulously crafted, considering the intricate interplay between the polymer matrix and silver particles, the tunnelling distance between adjacent silver particles, and the interphase regions around particles. This model has proven its mettle through rigorous analysis of experimental results and the impact of various parameters on conductivity. The predictions have shown impressive alignment with the experimental data, highlighting the crucial roles played by the parameters in the conductivity of silver composites where the percolation threshold reached 6 vol % of filler loading. The experimental study demonstrated that the electrical conductivity was 3.84 × 10-1 S/cm for micro-sized particles and 1.32 × 10-2 S/cm for nano-sized particles. Notably, a large tunnelling distance drastically reduces conductivity, while higher and slighter surface energies of the polymer matrix and filler enhance conductivity. Furthermore, a thin interphase yields minimal conductivity, whereas a thick interphase and low waviness improve conductivity. The McLachlan-modified model falls slightly short in accuracy compared to the 3D finite element method models. Adjustments to the equations can enhance its alignment with experimental data.
Exploring differentiation-dependent responses to 532 nm green laser photobiomodulation in SHSY5Y neuroblastoma cells

Ang BJ, Suardi N, Abduraman MA

Lasers Med Sci, 2024 Jun 01;39(1):147.
PMID: 38822930 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-024-04102-2

Photobiomodulation (PBM) holds promise as a therapy modality, but its applicability is hindered by the lack of a quantitative model to predict the optimal dose for all forms of PBM. This study investigated the optimal PBM parameters for 532 nm green laser irradiation on SHSY5Y neuroblastoma cells, a commonly used in vitro model for neurodegenerative disease studies. A two-tailed, two sample t-test with equal variance was used to obtain the p-values and statistical significance. There are 3 sets of parameters showing significant ( p < 0 . 01 ) positive percentage biostimulation. 160 m W , 15 m i n produce a percentage biostimulation of ( 9 ± 10 ) % ; 180 m W , 5 m i n produce a percentage biostimulation of ( 19 ± 7 ) % ; and ( 200 m W , 5 m i n ) produce a percentage biostimulation of ( 9 ± 2 ) % . The highest significant ( p < 0 . 01 ) percentage bioinhibition observed is for 220 m W , 15 m i n (dose: 1008 J / c m 2 ) producing a bioinhibition of ( 54 ± 1 ) % . After identifying several parameters that produce noticeable photobiological effects (biostimulation and bioinhibition), this study compared the reaction of undifferentiated and differentiated SHSY5Y cells to laser irradiation and found that undifferentiated SHSY5Y cells shows greater photobiological effect from 532 nm laser irradiation ( p < 0 . 01 ) . This study demonstrated the differentiation-dependant photobiological effect of SHSY5Y in 532 nm laser PBM. This shows that considerations on the differentiation state of cells is important in PBM studies. The hypothesis of difference in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation from laser irradiation can serve as a versatile explanation of the observed difference in photobiological effect. Further investigation into the role of ROS as a mediator of various photobiological effects from laser of different wavelengths is warranted.
Fulltext Factors associated with multidrug-resistant organism (MDRO) mortality: an analysis from the national surveillance of multidrug-resistant organism, 2018-2022

Wp SE, Norhidayah M, Ar MNA

BMC Infect Dis, 2025 Jan 14;25(1):60.
PMID: 39810126 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-10338-8

INTRODUCTION: Antimicrobial resistance is a global issue, with the World Health Organization identifying it as one of the greatest threats to public health, with an estimated 4.95 million deaths linked to bacterial AMR in 2019. Our study aimed to determine the prevalence of mortality among multidrug-resistant organism (MDRO)-infected patients in state hospitals and major specialist hospitals and to identify risk factors that could be associated with mortality outcomes.
METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study performed at 28 hospitals under the Ministry of Health, Malaysia, involved in the National Surveillance of Multidrug-Resistant Organism, which surveys 6 MDROs (Acinetobacter baumanii, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae, carbapenem-resistant Entrobacterales (CRE), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE)).
RESULTS: In terms of mortality, 9.6% (n = 951) of the patients died overall, whereas 90.4% (n = 8931) of the patients survived. Healthcare-acquired infection (HCAI) poses a high risk of mortality, with an adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of 2.91 (95% CI: 2.15-3.94). The presence of sterile specimens was significantly associated with increased mortality risk (aOR: 2.33, 95% CI: 2.02-2.68). Gram-negative bacteria had a greater mortality risk (aOR 1.63 95% CI: 1.37-1.93), whereas Acinetobacter baumanii had the highest prevalence of 30.7% (3033) among the 6 MDRO organisms isolated. Patients in medical-based departments had a greater mortality risk (aOR: 1.47, 95% CI: 1.22-1.75).
CONCLUSION: HCAIs, Gram-negative bacteria, sterile specimens, medical-based departments and state hospitals have been shown to be associated with increased mortality risk in patients with MDRO infections. Improved surveillance and reporting mechanisms are necessary to better understand the burden of MDRO infections and guide research funding allocation.
Fulltext Comparative Assessment of Agreement in Uniformity Analyses across Quality Control Software Platforms

Supramaniam TT, Udin MY, Musarudin M

World J Nucl Med, 2025 Mar;24(1):47-56.
PMID: 39959142 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1795102

Objective In nuclear medicine, quality control (QC) activities adhere to international standards, yet their complexity can pose challenges. Gamma camera manufacturers have introduced integrated QC software, offering instantaneous results. However, the agreement of these automated processes with established protocols remains uncertain. This study aims to clarify this uncertainty by comparatively analyzing uniformity from various software solutions for a dual-head gamma camera. Methods The study utilized integrated QC analysis software and three free QC analysis tools (IAEA-NMQC Toolkit, NM Toolkit, and Fiji) for uniformity analyses. Following the National Electrical Manufacturers Association standards, NEMA Standards Publication NU 1-2018, the intrinsic uniformity test was performed on a GE Discovery NM/CT 670 Pro system. Ten uniformity QC images underwent analysis with both integrated QC software and alternative software. Data agreements were tested using the Blant-Altman regression-based analysis. Results Significant differences were observed in integral and differential uniformities ( p
Fulltext Soft and Hard Tissue Stability Following Guided Bone Regeneration in an Active Orthodontics Patient

Yahaya R, Mohamed Yusof NA, Sabarudin MA

Cureus, 2025 Jan;17(1):e77496.
PMID: 39958066 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.77496

Guided bone regeneration (GBR) is a bone augmentation technique widely used in clinical practice to promote new bone growth by creating a conducive environment through bone grafts and barrier membranes. This article reports a case of a 14-year-old patient with significant bone loss, wound breakdown, and gingival recession in the anterior maxillary tooth, which was successfully treated through GBR combined with orthodontic treatment. This complex case of an area with bone defect required a multidisciplinary treatment in order to provide the best treatment for young patients.
Fulltext Modulation of NFκB signalling pathway by tocotrienol: A systematic review

Nasir NAA, Sadikan MZ, Agarwal R

Asia Pac J Clin Nutr, 2021 Sep;30(3):537-555.
PMID: 34587713 DOI: 10.6133/apjcn.202109_30(3).0020

Tocotrienols have been reported to exert anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, cardio-protective and boneprotective effects through modulation of NFκB signalling pathway. The objective of this systematic review is to evaluate available literature showing the effect of tocotrienols on NFκB signalling pathway and identify the potential mechanisms involved. A comprehensive search was conducted using PubMed and SCOPUS databases using the keywords "tocotrienol" and "NFκB" or "nuclear factor kappa b". Main inclusion criteria were English language original articles showing the effect of tocotrienol on NFκB signalling pathway. Fifty-nine articles were selected from the total of 117 articles initially retrieved from the literature search. Modulation of regulatory proteins and genes such as inhibition of farnesyl prenyl transferase were found to be the mechanisms underlying the tocotrienol-induced suppression of NFκB activation.
Long-term effect of repeated low-level red light therapy on myopia control: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Ullah S, Umer MF, Chandran SP

Eur J Ophthalmol, 2025 Feb 21.
PMID: 39981627 DOI: 10.1177/11206721251314541

INTRODUCTION: Myopia is a refractive error where distant objects are not clearly seen and appear blurred. Goal of this study was to evaluate long-term effectiveness of Repeated Low-Level Red Light (RLRL) therapy for children with myopia, which primarily focused on Axial length (AL) and Spherical Equivalent Refraction (SER) as primary endpoints.
METHODS: The research compared outcomes between RLRL treatment with Single Vision Spectacles (SVS) for childhood myopia management. We performed a systematic literature search in the PubMed, Embase and Cochrane databases using "Myopia" and " Repeated Low-Level Red Light ". Mean differences (MD) were estimated and the effects of therapies measured. Publication bias and heterogeneity analysis were carried out by Inverted Precision Effect Test-Precision Effect Estimate Standard Error (PET-PEESE) (and subsequent Search Sequential Analysis) and Tau test. Bayesian meta-analysis was performed using Jaffrey Amazing Statistical Package (JASP).
RESULTS: This meta-analysis comprised 1,714 participants: 824 in RLRL and 890 in SVS group. Pooled effect size for AL reduction was 0.953 ± 0.294, (95% credible interval (CI) 0.775 to 0.980). Pooled effect size for SER reduction was 1.521 ± 0.662 (95% CI 0.102 to 2.736). PET-PEESE analysis revealed no significant publication bias (p-value 0.407). Random effects models were employed for presence of significant heterogeneity (3.9 and 5.7 for AL; 5.7 for SER), alongside degree of variation (0.828 & 1.665) for Tau (τ), which estimates the between-study variance.
CONCLUSION: Long-term observations indicate that RLRL treatment significantly influences myopia management, leading to considerable reductions in both AL and SER. Additional research is essential to investigate potential long-term rebound effects.
Disseminated Cystic-Appearing Lesions in Deep Spaces of the Neck

Zainal Abidin MH, Mohamad A, Rozhan A

JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 2025 Feb 01;151(2):170-171.
PMID: 39541140 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoto.2024.3886
AN OUTBREAK OF TETRODOTOXIN POISONING FROM CONSUMING HORSESHOE CRABS IN SABAH

Suleiman M, Muhammad J, Jelip J, William T, Chua TH

Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 2017 Jan;48(1):197-203.
PMID: 29644840

The horseshoe crab (Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda) is consumed by those
residing near the coastal areas of Kota Marudu District in Malaysia, as it is considered
a delicacy. During June to August, 2011 thirty cases of tetrodotoxin poisoning
were reported from Kota Marudu District following ingestion of horseshoe
crabs caught in Kota Marudu Bay. The purpose of this study is to describe this
case series in order to determine risk factors to prevent further outbreaks. There
were six confirmed and 24 probable cases of tetrodotoxin poisoning identified in
the study area during the study period as diagnosed by clinical presentation and
laboratory findings. Symptoms included dizziness (80%), circumoral and lingual
numbness (80%), hand and feet numbness (63.3%), nausea and vomiting (30%)
and weakness and difficulty in breathing (26.6%). Three cases (10%) died while 27
cases recovered. Forty-seven percent of the cases had onset of symptoms within
30 minutes of ingestion and 14% 31-60 minutes after ingestion of horseshoe crab
meat. Urine samples were collected from the cases, while horseshoe crabs, cockles
and sea water from the epidemic area were also taken for analysis. Tetrodotoxin
was detected in the urine of six cases; the highest concentrations recorded were
among the three cases who died. High tetrodotoxin concentrations were found
in the hepatic cecum and eggs of the tested horseshoe crabs. Dinoflagellates were
not detected in the sea water or cockle samples. Intensive health education was
initiated quickly to stop other members of the Marudu Bay community from
consuming the horseshoe crabs. This is the first documented epidemic of tetrodotoxin
poisoning in Sabah.
A Unique Case of Infected Laryngeal Tophi With Underlying Gout

Akashah MH, Sanudin SH, Malakun CP

Cureus, 2024 Nov;16(11):e74363.
PMID: 39723304 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.74363

Gout is a disorder of purine metabolism described by the deposition of monosodium urate crystals with rare involvement in the head and neck. This is the first laryngeal gout case reported in Sabah, Malaysia. A 50-year-old gentleman with a long history of gouty arthritis presented with acute painless anterior neck swelling for two weeks. An ultrasound of the neck was done, which showed a midline neck mass with intralesional calcification of the cartilaginous component with suspicious erosion of the thyroid cartilage, which was suggestive of thyroid chondroma. However, a computed tomography (CT) scan of the neck showed the fluid collection in the subperichondrium of anterior thyroid cartilage with amorphous calcification, which raised suspicion of infected laryngeal gout. Based on histology and intraoperative findings, laryngeal gout was diagnosed as noted multiple tophy crystals. Microscopic examination confirmed birefringent crystalline deposits. The pathophysiology and management of this rare clinical entity are discussed. We reported this case due to its rarity as well as to increase awareness of laryngeal gout.
Water absorption properties of graphene nanoplatelets filled bamboo/kenaf reinforced polylactic acid hybrid composites

Azka MA, Sapuan SM, Zainudin ES

Int J Biol Macromol, 2025 Jan;285:138411.
PMID: 39643168 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.138411

Environmental issues have resulted in the forming of sustainable materials, including natural fiber-reinforced PLA composites; nonetheless, this composite has low water resistance, resulting in poor composite performance. This research aims to investigate the impact of adding a small amount of graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) on the water absorption (WA) characteristic of bamboo/kenaf-reinforced PLA hybrid composites. The physical behavior and water resistance of the composites, as well as the mechanical performance and surface after 14 days of immersion, were comprehensively investigated. The study discovered that adding a small amount of GNP to composites increased their density, with the highest density of 1.6326 g/cm3 (1GBK), and altered the chemical composition's transmittance. Also, the inclusion of GNP increases the composite's crystallinity. Furthermore, the addition of GNP resulted in a decline in WA, with the lowest absorption being 4.95 % (1GBK), which is supported by the composites' increased contact angle. After 14 days of immersion, the GNP-filled composites were superior to the BK sample in terms of mechanical properties. When fibers absorb water, their surface degrades because the fibers are swelling, but GNP functions as a water barrier, preventing surface degradation due to inhibition of fiber swelling. This study highlights the potential for a straightforward and economical method to address the limited water resistance of bamboo/kenaf-reinforced PLA hybrid composites, a limitation that hinders their widespread use.
Adverse Events Associated with Antivirals for COVID-19: An Analysis Based on FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS)

Mohamad Radzuan MIS, Karuppannan M

Curr Drug Saf, 2025 Jan 03.
PMID: 39773068 DOI: 10.2174/0115748863334598241203073907

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has called for the rapid development and use of antiviral drugs to effectively control the disease. Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir (Paxlovid), Molnupiravir, and Remdesivir have been pivotal in therapeutic approaches, although they raise concerns regarding adverse drug reactions (ADRs).
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to thoroughly assess the ADRs associated with these drugs by utilizing the Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
METHODS: ADR reports for Paxlovid, Molnupiravir, and Remdesivir throughout the period of January 2022 to May 2023 were extracted and classified according to the severity, type of reaction, and demographic variables. Reporting Odds Ratios (RORs) with 95% confidence intervals were calculated to evaluate the relationship between antiviral medications and various ADRs.
RESULTS: The study established notable correlations between Paxlovid and the recurrence of the disease (40.08%) and dysgeusia (16.29%). Molnupiravir was linked to gastrointestinal (16.73%) and skin reactions (9.47%), while Remdesivir had impairments in the liver (25.21%) and kidneys (13.34%). ADRs were more commonly observed in female patients treated with Paxlovid (57.95%) and Molnupiravir (49.40%), whereas Remdesivir ADRs were mostly reported in males (58.56%). Paxlovid and Remdesivir ADRs were frequently reported in adults between the ages of 18 and 64 (46.01% and 45.01%), while Molnupiravir ADRs were more common in older individuals aged 65 to 85 (40.38%).
CONCLUSION: This thorough assessment emphasizes the importance of careful surveillance and control of ADRs linked to COVID-19 antiviral therapies. It is essential to customize treatments by considering specific patient histories, particularly for pre-existing diseases.
Cancer treatment - objectives and quality of life issues

Khan FA, Akhtar SS, Sheikh MK

Malays J Med Sci, 2005 Jan;12(1):3-5.
PMID: 22605940 MyJurnal

The first aim of cancer treatment is to acheive a cure, and when cure is not possible, a good palliation (life prolongation and relief of sufferings) is warranted. This article highlights the aim of cancer treatment and also attempts to assess the issues of quality of life experienced as a result of the disease and its treatment. Palliative therapy should be less intensive than radical treatment and should cause less morbidity than disease itself. It must be effective, completed in a short time and should be tolerable. It is also essential for a physician to give a clear explanation of illness to the patient and realistic advice regarding the likely outcome of therapy and the long and short term morbidities which may occur. The patient may opt for a palliative treatment with a reduced chance of cure but a better quality of life than accepting a radical treatment with a potentially higher degree of morbidity. Quality of life in oncology practice should be seen as a process and as a part of this process it seems sensible to pursue several different lines of questionnaire development rather than constructing one 'perfect" quality of life instrument.
Sustainable education in action: Principal leadership, teacher wellbeing, and altruism in the sports context

Qi W, Zhang Y, Arshad MZ

Acta Psychol (Amst), 2025 Feb 26;254:104846.
PMID: 40015139 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2025.104846

This study investigates the effect of principal leadership on teacher commitment and subjective well-being in the sport education context of China with subjective well-being as a mediator and teacher altruism as a moderator. SMART-PLS is used for data analysis and the result shows that principal leadership plays a positive role in teacher commitment and wellbeing. In addition, the mediating roles of teacher's subjective well-being as well as the moderating role of teacher altruism are confirmed. The study stresses the role of the principal leadership which is supportive and recommends creating a school culture that considers the wellbeing of teachers and recognizes values such as altruism as a way of improving teachers' outcomes. This research adds to the knowledge base regarding educational leadership, emphasizing the complex nature of the interplay between leadership practices and teacher behaviors.
Fulltext Outcomes of Renal Transplantation in Brunei Darussalam over a Twenty-Year Period (1993-2012)

Tan J, Khalil MA, Tan SY, Khalil M, Ahmed D, Zinna S, et al.

J Transplant, 2014;2014:784805.
PMID: 25478205 DOI: 10.1155/2014/784805

Objectives. Brunei Darussalam has a high prevalence and incidence of end stage renal disease (ESRD). Up until 2012, all renal transplantations were performed in overseas centres, either as government-sponsored (living-related transplantation) or as self-sponsored (commercialized transplantation) ones. We hypothesize that graft and patient survival of Brunei renal transplant patients are on a par with international standards. Materials and Methods. Data of all renal transplant patients in Brunei were analysed over a twenty-year period from registry records and case notes. Comparative survival data from other countries were obtained from PubMed-listed literature. Results. A total of 49 transplantation procedures were performed in foreign centres between 1993 and 2012. 29 were government-sponsored and 20 were self-sponsored transplantations. The 5- and 10-year overall patient survival rates were 93.3% and 90.1%, respectively. The 5- and 10-year overall graft survival rates were 91.1% and 81.2%. There is no difference in the survival outcomes of government-sponsored and self-sponsored patients. Living-related (government-sponsored) and commercialised (self-sponsored) grafts had equivalent survival to those reported in the literature. Conclusion. Our survival data was on par with those achieved in many countries. We hope to use this information to convince local stakeholders and patients to favour transplantation as the preferred modality of RRT.
Fulltext Multivariate analysis of factors affecting presence and/or agenesis of third molar tooth

Alam MK, Hamza MA, Khafiz MA, Rahman SA, Shaari R, Hassan A

PLoS One, 2014;9(6):e101157.
PMID: 24967595 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101157

To investigate the presence and/or agenesis of third molar (M3) tooth germs in orthodontics patients in Malaysian Malay and Chinese population and evaluate the relationship between presence and/or agenesis of M3 with different skeletal malocclusion patterns and sagittal maxillomandibular jaw dimensions. Pretreatment records of 300 orthodontic patients (140 males and 160 females, 219 Malaysian Malay and 81 Chinese, average age was 16.27±4.59) were used. Third-molar agenesis was calculated with respect to race, genders, number of missing teeth, jaws, skeletal malocclusion patterns and sagittal maxillomandibular jaw dimensions. The Pearson chi-square test and ANOVA was performed to determine potential differences. Associations between various factors and M3 presence/agenesis groups were assessed using logistic regression analysis. The percentages of subjects with 1 or more M3 agenesis were 30%, 33% and 31% in the Malaysian Malay, Chinese and total population, respectively. Overall prevalence of M3 agenesis in male and female was equal (P>0.05). The frequency of the agenesis of M3s is greater in maxilla as well in the right side (P>0.05). The prevalence of M3 agenesis in those with a Class III and Class II malocclusion was relatively higher in Malaysian Malay and Malaysian Chinese population respectively. Using stepwise regression analyses, significant associations were found between Mx (P<0.05) and ANB (P<0.05) and M3 agenesis. This multivariate analysis suggested that Mx and ANB were significantly correlated with the M3 presence/agenesis.
Fulltext Synthesis, Structural Characterization, and Evaluation of the Biological Properties of Heteroleptic Palladium(II) Complexes

Khan H, Daraz N, Khan MN, Said M, Akhtar N, Badshah A, et al.

Bioinorg Chem Appl, 2014;2014:916361.
PMID: 25276113 DOI: 10.1155/2014/916361

Five heteroleptic palladium(II) complexes of the general formula Pd(PR3)(tu)Cl2, where PR3 = triphenylphosphine (1), diphenyl-o-tolylphosphine (2), diphenyl-p-tolylphosphine (3), diphenyl-t-butylphosphine (4), and diphenyl-o-methoxyphenylphosphine (5), and tu = 1,3-bis(2-methoxyphenyl) thiourea. They all have been synthesized and characterized by various spectroscopic techniques (elemental analysis, FTIR, and (1)H NMR and the ligand 1,3-bis(2-methoxyphenyl) thiourea was synthesized by single crystal X-ray diffraction technique). The synthesized compounds were screened for their antibacterial activity against four strains of bacteria (Escherichia coli, Shigella flexneri, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis). The antitumor potential was evaluated in terms of activity against brine shrimp eggs and DNA interaction. The mixed ligand complexes have exhibited moderate antibacterial activity and promising antitumor potential.
Synthesis of α, β-unsaturated carbonyl based compounds as acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors: characterization, molecular modeling, QSAR studies and effect against amyloid β-induced cytotoxicity

Bukhari SN, Jantan I, Masand VH, Mahajan DT, Sher M, Naeem-ul-Hassan M, et al.

Eur J Med Chem, 2014 Aug 18;83:355-65.
PMID: 24980117 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.06.034

A series of novel carbonyl compounds was synthesized by a simple, eco-friendly and efficient method. These compounds were screened for anti-oxidant activity, in vitro cytotoxicity and for inhibitory activity for acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase. The effect of these compounds against amyloid β-induced cytotoxicity was also investigated. Among them, compound 14 exhibited strong free radical scavenging activity (18.39 μM) while six compounds (1, 3, 4, 13, 14, and 19) were found to be the most protective against Aβ-induced neuronal cell death in PC12 cells. Compounds 4 and 14, containing N-methyl-4-piperidone linker, showed high acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity as compared to reference drug donepezil. Molecular docking and QSAR (Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship) studies were also carried out to determine the structural features that are responsible for the acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory activity.

Filters

Please provide feedback to Administrator (afdal@afpm.org.my)

External Links