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  1. Phyla nodiflora L. Extracts Induce Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest in Human Breast Cancer Cell Line, MCF-7
    Teoh PL, Liau M, Cheong BE
    Nutr Cancer, 2019;71(4):668-675.
    PMID: 30663402 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2018.1559942
    Phyla nodiflora L. has been used as medicinal remedies for various ailments due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-tumor activity. Previously, we found that the plant extracts induced DNA fragmentation in MCF-7. This study was to investigate the modes of action of P. nodiflora in inhibiting breast cancer cells using leaf ethyl acetate (EA leaf), stem ethyl acetate (EA stem) and stem methanol (Met stem) extracts. The MTT assay showed that the anti-proliferative effects of P. nodiflora extracts were selective towards MCF-7 with a minimal effect on MCF10A. Morphological changes such as cell shrinkage and nuclear condensation were observed in treated cells. We found that induction of apoptosis by EA leaf and EA stem was mitochondrial-dependent while loss of mitochondrial membrane potential was not found in Met stem-treated cells. In addition, the expression levels of AIFM1, CASP9, CFLAR, and IGF1R were altered after treatment. Decreased BCL-2 expression was found in treated cells while BAX and caspases' expression was upregulated or maintained. All extracts caused perturbation of cell cycle at S phase by dysregulating the expression of cell cycle regulators such as CDKs and cyclins. Our findings indicate that P. nodiflora inhibits MCF-7 cells by inducing apoptosis and perturbing cell cycle.
    Matched MeSH terms: Breast Neoplasms
  2. Fulltext Follow-Up Care for Breast and Colorectal Cancer Across the Globe: Survey Findings From 27 Countries
    Mollica MA, Mayer DK, Oeffinger KC, Kim Y, Buckenmaier SS, Sivaram S, et al.
    JCO Glob Oncol, 2020 09;6:1394-1411.
    PMID: 32955943 DOI: 10.1200/GO.20.00180
    PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to describe follow-up care for breast and colorectal cancer survivors in countries with varying levels of resources and highlight challenges regarding posttreatment survivorship care.

    METHODS: We surveyed one key stakeholder from each of 27 countries with expertise in survivorship care on questions including the components/structure of follow-up care, delivery of treatment summaries and survivorship care plans, and involvement of primary care in survivorship. Descriptive analyses were performed to characterize results across countries and variations between the WHO income categories (low, middle, high). We also performed a qualitative content analysis of narratives related to survivorship care challenges to identify major themes.

    RESULTS: Seven low- or /lower-middle-income countries (LIC/LMIC), seven upper-middle-income countries (UMIC), and 13 high-income countries (HICs) were included in this study. Results indicate that 44.4% of countries with a National Cancer Control Plan currently address survivorship care. Additional findings indicate that HICs use guidelines more often than those in LICs/LMICs and UMICs. There was great variation among countries regardless of income level. Common challenges include issues with workforce, communication and care coordination, distance/transportation issues, psychosocial support, and lack of focus on follow-up care.

    CONCLUSION: This information can guide researchers, providers, and policy makers in efforts to improve the quality of survivorship care on a national and global basis. As the number of cancer survivors increases globally, countries will need to prioritize their long-term needs. Future efforts should focus on efforts to bridge oncology and primary care, building international partnerships, and implementation of guidelines.

    Matched MeSH terms: Breast Neoplasms
  3. Fulltext Galactorrhoea in a toddler: a rare report
    Norhayaty Sharman Khamis @ Roslee, Mohd Shaiful Ehsan Shalihin, Iskandar Ibrahim, Zalini Zin
    Borneo Journal of Medical Sciences, 2020;14(2):49-52.
    MyJurnal
    Milk discharge from neonatal breast commonly occurs bilaterally. Majority of them are benign in nature. Those cases usually require conservative management and will resolve with time. It typically occurs within one month of age in which late-onset of galactorrhoea in toddlers is indeed a rare occasion. Thus, an abnormal cause needs to be ruled out. An 18-months-old child had persistent milky discharge from the left nipple for several days without underlying specific identified causes. This case highlights the occurrence of physiological milk discharge can still possibly occur at the age beyond one-year-old despite its absence in the initial months of life. The principle observation at primary care is still adequate in managing such cases unless high suspicion of alarming disease arises. This case proved a late onset of physiological galactorrhoea can still occur in the early toddler age group.
    Matched MeSH terms: Breast Neoplasms
  4. Fulltext Incremental Value of Single-photon Emission Computed Tomography-computed Tomography for Characterization of Skeletal Lesions in Breast Cancer Patients
    Mahaletchumy T, AbAziz A
    World J Nucl Med, 2017 Oct-Dec;16(4):303-310.
    PMID: 29033679 DOI: 10.4103/1450-1147.215496
    The incremental value of single-photon emission computed tomography-computed tomography (SPECT-CT) over planar bone scintigraphy and SPECT in detecting skeletal lesions in breast cancer patients and its effect on patient management is assessed in this study. This is a prospective study which was conducted over 1-year duration. Whole-body planar scintigraphy, SPECT, and SPECT-CT were performed in 85 breast cancer patients with total of 128 lesions. Correlative imaging and clinical follow-up was used as the reference standard. McNemar's multistep analysis was performed for each patient and each lesion. On patient-wise analysis, 47 patients had equivocal diagnosis on planar bone scintigraphy, 28 on SPECT, and eight on SPECT-CT. On lesion-wise analysis, there were 72 equivocal lesions on planar bone scintigraphy, 48 on SPECT, and 15 on SPECT-CT. Overall, SPECT-CT resulted in a significant reduction in the proportion of equivocal diagnosis on both patient-wise (P < 0.004) and lesion-wise basis (P < 0.004), irrespective of the skeletal region involved. The sensitivity on a per-patient basis was 43%, 58%, and 78% for planar bone scintigraphy, SPECT, and SPECT-CT, respectively. Similarly, the specificity was 85%, 92%, and 94% for planar bone scintigraphy, SPECT, and SPECT-CT, respectively. Patient management was correctly altered in 32% of the patients based on SPECT-CT interpretation. Our data suggest that adding SPECT-CT to whole-body imaging significantly improves sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing bone metastases and significantly reduces the proportion of equivocal diagnosis in all regions of the skeleton. The most important outcome is derived from the accurate alteration in patient management clinically by down- and up-staging of patients and a more precise identification of metastatic extent.
    Matched MeSH terms: Breast Neoplasms
  5. Knowledge and practice concerning the use of oral rehydration salts among mothers living in urban slum areas of Kuala Lumpur
    Osman A
    Family Physician, 1991;3:28-30.
    A study was conducted in an urban slum area of Kuala Lumpur, the capital of Malaysia, to determine the health status of the children under 6 years old and the knowledge and practice associated with diarrhoeal diseases and use of oral rehydration salts (ORS) among mothers in the area. It was seen that the health status of the children was poor with one fifth of them born underweight, 33% experiencing more than 6 spells of illness per year and a high percentage of them suffering from diarrhoeal diseases (4.3%). Child care practice was associated with urban lifestyles with early weaning, short term breast-feeding and early introduction of solid and bottle feeding. Knowledge and practice of mothers concerning child care was inadequate to support healthy living. Knowledge of diarrhoeal diseases and the effectivenss of oral rehydration salts was poor. Only 47.7% of mothers knew about ORS and 27.8% ever used it when their chidlren suffered from diarrhoea. Health care system dependence was shown by the high percentage of mothers immediately bringing to a doctor's attention (75.6%).
    Matched MeSH terms: Breast Feeding
  6. Expression of IGFBP-rP1 in ovarian and breast cancers in association with diabetes mellitus status
    Mohd Nafi SN, Siti Azrin AH, Mat Zin AA, Othman NH, Che Jalil NA
    Malays J Pathol, 2019 Apr;41(1):33-39.
    PMID: 31025635
    INTRODUCTION: Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-related protein 1 (IGFBP-rP1) is an important component of the IGF system that regulates insulin resistance-related to tumour development. The aim of this study is to investigate the expression of IGFBP-rP1 among female cancer patients who are known or not known to have Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM).

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using a cross-sectional design, cases of ovarian and breast cancer with clinical status of T2DM were selected over a 10-year period in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia. Immunohistochemical staining for IGFBP-rP1 was performed on paraffin-embedded tissues and the results were correlated with the patient's demographic and clinicopathological data.

    RESULTS: A total of 152 breast cancer patients were recruited into the current study with 33.5% (51/152) patients were positive T2DM. Most of the breast cancer patients with T2DM were IGFBP-rP1-negative (66.7%, 34/51). The IGFBP-rP1 expression was significantly difference between breast cancer subjects with and without T2DM (p<0.001). There was no significant association of IGFBP-rP1 expression with data on the demographic and clinicopathological profiles of patients with breast cancer. Meanwhile, positive IGFBP-rP1 expression was evident in 44 out of 108 (40.74%) ovarian cancer cases. Among these cases, 36 were T2DM. In contrast to breast cancer cases, IGFBP-rP1 was mostly expressed among ovarian cancer patients with T2DM (66.7%, 24/36, p < 0.001). However, the -positive expression was not significantly associated with any sociodemographic and clinicopathological features of ovarian cancers.

    CONCLUSIONS: Majority of breast cancer patients with T2DM did not express IGFBP-rP1. In contrast, majority of the ovarian cancer patients with T2DM expressed IGFBP-rP1.

    Matched MeSH terms: Breast Neoplasms
  7. Antiglycolytic Activities of Strobilanthes crispus Active Fraction and its Bioactive Components on Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells In Vitro
    Muhammad SNH, Yaacob NS, Safuwan NAM, Fauzi AN
    Anticancer Agents Med Chem, 2021 Apr 26.
    PMID: 33906591 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666210427104804
    BACKGROUND: Survival and progression of cancer cells are highly dependent on aerobic glycolysis. Strobilanthes crispus has been shown to have promising anticancer effects on breast cancer cells. The involvement of the glycolysis pathway in producing these effects is unconfirmed, thus further investigation is required to elucidate this phenomenon.

    OBJECTIVE: This study aims to determine the effect of S. crispus active fraction (F3) and its bioactive components on glycolysis in triple-negative breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231).

    METHODS: This study utilizes F3, lutein, β-sitosterol, and stigmasterol to be administered in MDA-MB-231 cells for measurement of antiglycolytic activities through cell poliferation, glucose uptake, and lactate concentration assays. Cell proliferation was assessed by MTT assay of MDA-MB-231 cells after treatment with F3 and its bioactive components lutein, β-sitosterol, and stigmasterol. The IC50 value in each compound was determined by MTT assay to be used in subsequent assays. The determination of glucose uptake activity and lactate concentration were quantified using fluorescence spectrophotometry.

    RESULTS: Antiproliferative activities were observed for F3 and its bioactive components, with IC50 values of 100 µg/mL (F3), 20 µM (lutein), 25 µM (β-sitosterol), and 90 μM (stigmasterol) in MDA-MB-231 cells at 48 h. The percentage of glucose uptake and lactate concentration in MDA-MB-231 cells treated with F3, lutein, or β sitosterol were significantly lower than those observed in the untreated cells in a time-dependent manner. However, treatment with stigmasterol decreased the concentration of lactate without affecting the glucose uptake in MDA-MB-231 cells.

    CONCLUSION: The antiglycolytic activities of F3 on MDA-MB-231 cells are attributed to its bioactive components.

    Matched MeSH terms: Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms
  8. Fulltext Development of patient-specific 3D-printed breast phantom using silicone and peanut oils for magnetic resonance imaging
    Sindi R, Wong YH, Yeong CH, Sun Z
    Quant Imaging Med Surg, 2020 Jun;10(6):1237-1248.
    PMID: 32550133 DOI: 10.21037/qims-20-251
    Background: Despite increasing reports of 3D printing in medical applications, the use of 3D printing in breast imaging is limited, thus, personalized 3D-printed breast model could be a novel approach to overcome current limitations in utilizing breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for quantitative assessment of breast density. The aim of this study is to develop a patient-specific 3D-printed breast phantom and to identify the most appropriate materials for simulating the MR imaging characteristics of fibroglandular and adipose tissues.

    Methods: A patient-specific 3D-printed breast model was generated using 3D-printing techniques for the construction of the hollow skin and fibroglandular region shells. Then, the T1 relaxation times of the five selected materials (agarose gel, silicone rubber with/without fish oil, silicone oil, and peanut oil) were measured on a 3T MRI system to determine the appropriate ones to represent the MR imaging characteristics of fibroglandular and adipose tissues. Results were then compared to the reference values of T1 relaxation times of the corresponding tissues: 1,324.42±167.63 and 449.27±26.09 ms, respectively. Finally, the materials that matched the T1 relaxation times of the respective tissues were used to fill the 3D-printed hollow breast shells.

    Results: The silicone and peanut oils were found to closely resemble the T1 relaxation times and imaging characteristics of these two tissues, which are 1,515.8±105.5 and 405.4±15.1 ms, respectively. The agarose gel with different concentrations, ranging from 0.5 to 2.5 wt%, was found to have the longest T1 relaxation times.

    Conclusions: A patient-specific 3D-printed breast phantom was successfully designed and constructed using silicone and peanut oils to simulate the MR imaging characteristics of fibroglandular and adipose tissues. The phantom can be used to investigate different MR breast imaging protocols for the quantitative assessment of breast density.

    Matched MeSH terms: Breast Density
  9. Fulltext Experiences of women who underwent induced lactation: A literature review
    Mohd Hassan S, Sulaiman Z, Tengku Ismail TA
    Malays Fam Physician, 2021 Mar 25;16(1):18-30.
    PMID: 33948139 DOI: 10.51866/rv0997
    Objective: This article aims to review the literature published over the past five decades related to the experiences of women who have undergone induced lactation.

    Methods: A comprehensive electronic search was conducted using PubMed, the Library of Congress, Google Scholar, SAGE, and ScienceDirect. The following search keywords were used: adoptive breastfeeding, induced lactation, non-puerperal lactation, extraordinary breastfeeding, and milk kinship. The search was restricted to articles written in English and published from 1956 to 2019. All study designs were included except for practice protocols.

    Results: A total of 50 articles about induced lactation were retrieved. Of these, 17 articles identified the experiences of women who underwent induced lactation. The articles included original papers (n=7), reviews (n=5), and case reports (n=5). Four articles were specifically related to Malaysia, and the others were international. These 17 articles concerning the experiences of women who induced lactation will be reviewed based on four themes related to inducing lactation: (a) understanding women's perception of satisfaction, (b) emotional aspects, (c) enabling factors, and (d) challenges.

    Conclusion: Identifying a total of only 17 articles on induced lactation published over the last 53 years suggests that the subject is understudied. This review provides emerging knowledge regarding the experiences of women who have induced lactation in terms of satisfaction, emotions, enabling factors and challenges related to inducing lactation.

    Matched MeSH terms: Breast Feeding
  10. Fulltext Synthesis, molecular modelling and biological significance of N-(4-(4-bromophenyl) thiazol-2-yl)-2-chloroacetamide derivatives as prospective antimicrobial and antiproliferative agents
    Sharma D, Kumar S, Narasimhan B, Ramasamy K, Lim SM, Shah SAA, et al.
    BMC Chem, 2019 Dec;13(1):46.
    PMID: 31384794 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-019-0564-0
    To combat the antimicrobial and anticancer drug resistance by pathogens and cancerous cells, efforts has been made to study the pharmacological activities of newly synthesized N-(4-(4-bromophenyl)thiazol-2-yl)-2-chloroacetamide derivatives. The molecular structures of the synthesized derivatives were confirmed by their physicochemical properties and spectroanalytical data (NMR, IR and elemental). The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their in vitro antimicrobial activity against bacterial (Gram positive and Gram negative) and fungal species using turbidimetric method and anticancer activity against oestrogen receptor positive human breast adenocarcinoma cancer cell line (MCF7) by Sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay. Molecular docking studies were carried out to study the binding mode of active compounds with receptor using Schrodinger v11.5. The antimicrobial activity results revealed that compounds d1, d2 and d3 have promising antimicrobial activity. Anticancer screening results indicated that compounds d6 and d7 were found to be the most active ones against breast cancer cell line. Furthermore, the molecular docking study demonstrated that compounds d1, d2, d3, d6 and d7 displayed good docking score within binding pocket of the selected PDB ID (1JIJ, 4WMZ and 3ERT) and has the potential to be used as lead compounds for rational drug designing.
    Matched MeSH terms: Breast Neoplasms
  11. Fulltext Use of Adjuvant Endocrine Therapy Among Post-Menopausal Breast Cancer Patients in Malaysia
    Saiful Bahri A, Tuan Mahmood TM, Abdul-Aziz SA, Makmor-Bakry M, Mohamed Shah N
    Patient Prefer Adherence, 2021;15:227-235.
    PMID: 33568899 DOI: 10.2147/PPA.S293029
    Context: Globally, breast cancer is the most common cancer affecting women, and adjuvant endocrine therapy (AET) is part of its treatment modality, which improves patients' outcome. However, there are concerns on side effects related to its use, which may affect treatment adherence.

    Purpose: This study was conducted to explore attitude and practice on using AET among breast cancer patients in Malaysia.

    Patients and Methods: Postmenopausal breast cancer patients on at least 3 months of AET attending the outpatient oncology clinic at a tertiary care hospital were interviewed. Patients underwent in-depth interviews exploring their attitude and practices while on AET using a semi-structured interview guide. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using thematic analysis.

    Results: There were four main themes for attitude toward the use of AET: 1) benefits of using AET, 2) concerns on taking AET, 3) beliefs on alternative treatment, and 4) beliefs toward the doctor. For practice, six themes were obtained: 1) correct use of AET, 2) appointment adherence, 3) information-seeking behavior, 4) counseling services obtained, 5) experienced side effects of AET, and 6) usage of complementary and alternative medicines.

    Conclusion: Several themes concerning attitude and practice of breast cancer patients receiving AET were identified, which may be addressed during treatment consultations in clinical practice.

    Matched MeSH terms: Breast Neoplasms
  12. Fulltext Interpretation time for screening mammography as a function of the number of computer-aided detection marks
    Schwartz TM, Hillis SL, Sridharan R, Lukyanchenko O, Geiser W, Whitman GJ, et al.
    J Med Imaging (Bellingham), 2020 Mar;7(2):022408.
    PMID: 32042859 DOI: 10.1117/1.JMI.7.2.022408
    Purpose: Computer-aided detection (CAD) alerts radiologists to findings potentially associated with breast cancer but is notorious for creating false-positive marks. Although a previous paper found that radiologists took more time to interpret mammograms with more CAD marks, our impression was that this was not true in actual interpretation. We hypothesized that radiologists would selectively disregard these marks when present in larger numbers. Approach: We performed a retrospective review of bilateral digital screening mammograms. We use a mixed linear regression model to assess the relationship between number of CAD marks and ln (interpretation time) after adjustment for covariates. Both readers and mammograms were treated as random sampling units. Results: Ten radiologists, with median experience after residency of 12.5 years (range 6 to 24) interpreted 1832 mammograms. After accounting for number of images, Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System category, and breast density, the number of CAD marks was positively associated with longer interpretation time, with each additional CAD mark proportionally increasing median interpretation time by 4.35% for a typical reader. Conclusions: We found no support for our hypothesis that radiologists will selectively disregard CAD marks when they are present in larger numbers.
    Matched MeSH terms: Breast Density
  13. Fulltext Microvessel density and vascular endothelial growth factor receptors in breast carcinoma under the influence of rapamycin and platelet factor 4
    Muhammad Sakri MS, Abdul Rahman WFW, Tengku Din TADA, Idris FM, Jaafar H
    Indian J Pathol Microbiol, 2020 4 23;63(2):205-209.
    PMID: 32317516 DOI: 10.4103/IJPM.IJPM_496_19
    Background: Vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFRs) are major endothelial growth factor receptors that influence the growth of a tumor. Microvessel density.

    (: MVD) is the quantification method of various aspects of tumor vasculature that indicates angiogenic activity. This study aims to analyze the correlation between MVD to the expression of VEGFRs on breast cancer tissue.

    Materials and Method: A total of 60 N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU)-induced breast carcinomas in rats were suppressed by using antiangiogenic drugs. The rats were then sacrificed, and the tumor was fixed in 10% formalin, paraffin embedded, and immunohistochemistry stained using VEGFRs and CD34.

    Result: One-way ANOVA test showed a significant difference in all markers that have been used (P < 0.05) on MNU-breast tumor treated with rapamycin (M= 90.1664, SD= 7.4487), PF4 (M= 93.7946, SD= 7.1303) and rapamycin + PF4 (M= 93.6990, SD= 1.8432). We obtained a significant reduction of MVD count on breast carcinoma for rapamycin group (M= 25.6786, SD= 9.7075) and rapamycin + PF4 group (M= 30.5250, SD= 13.6928) while PF4 group (M=47.7985, SD=4.8892) showed slightly increase compared to control (M= 45.1875, SD= 4.4786). There was a moderately strong, positive correlation between angiogenic markers; Flt-1 (r= 0.544, n=60, P < 0.005) and Flt-4 (r= 0.555, n= 60, P < 0.005) while Flk-1 (r= 0.797, n= 60, P < 0.005) showed a strong, positive correlation with MVD.

    Conclusion: MVD was strongly correlated to the VEGFRs expression on breast carcinoma.

    Matched MeSH terms: Breast Neoplasms/chemically induced; Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy*; Breast Neoplasms/pathology
  14. Fulltext Assessment of Physicochemical Characteristics and Microbiological Quality in Broiler Chicken Breast Muscle (Pectoralis major) Subjected to Different Temperatures and Lengths of Cold Transportation
    Hayat MN, Kaka U, Sazili AQ
    Foods, 2021 Apr 16;10(4).
    PMID: 33923538 DOI: 10.3390/foods10040874
    Cold truck transportation is considered one of the most integral parts in a food processing chain. However, countless cases of product spoilage and food poisoning incidents have proven that temperature control during transport has been neglected. Literature on the impact of temperature during distribution is scarce. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of various transportation temperatures and travel duration on the meat quality and microbial population of broiler chicken breast muscle. Sixty broiler chickens (42 days old) were slaughtered and eviscerated; they then had their breast muscles removed (each bird provided two breast muscle samples: left breast and right breast), which were wrapped in plastic film. All 120 packed boneless breasts (PBBs) were then placed at -18 °C for 24 h. After 24 h, the 60 PBB samples were subjected to transportation for 1 h at 4 °C (20 PBBs), 10 °C (20 PBBs), and 15 °C (20 PBBs) while the remaining 60 samples were transported for 5 h at 4 °C (20 PBBs), 10 °C (20 PBBs), and 15 °C (20 PBBs) before analyses. The samples transported at higher temperatures exhibited higher populations of coliform and Salmonella than those transported at lower temperatures. A significant impact of the transportation duration on the Salmonella population was only observed in samples transported at 4 °C for 5 h. However, a significant impact of transportation temperature on color was only recorded for the redness (a*) values, where the samples transported at higher temperatures exhibited higher redness (a*) values. Significant increases in lightness (L*) and yellowness (b*) values as well as decreases in redness (a*) and pH values were recorded in samples subjected to longer durations of transportation across all the temperatures observed in this study.
    Matched MeSH terms: Breast Neoplasms
  15. Fulltext Impact of fatigue on quality of life among breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy
    Muthanna FMS, Karuppannan M, Hassan BAR, Mohammed AH
    Osong Public Health Res Perspect, 2021 Apr;12(2):115-125.
    PMID: 33980002 DOI: 10.24171/j.phrp.2021.12.2.09
    Objective: Fatigue is the most frequently reported symptom experienced by cancer patients and has a profound effect on their quality of life (QOL). The study aimed to determine the impact of fatigue on QOL among breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy and to identify the risk factors associated with severe fatigue incidence.

    Methods: This was an observational prospective study carried out at multiple centers. In total, 172 breast cancer patients were included. The Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue Questionnaire was used to measure QOL, while the Brief Fatigue Inventory (BFI) was used to assess the severity of fatigue.

    Results: The total average mean and standard deviation of QOL were 84.58±18.07 and 4.65±1.14 for BFI scores, respectively. A significant association between fatigue and QOL was found in linear and multiple regression analyses. The relationships between fatigue severity and cancer stage, chemotherapy dose delay, dose reduction, chemotherapy regimen, and ethnicity were determined using binary logistic regression analysis.

    Conclusion: The findings of this study are believed to be useful for helping oncologists effectively evaluate, monitor, and treat fatigue related to QOL changes.

    Matched MeSH terms: Breast Neoplasms
  16. Fulltext Associations of father’s breastfeeding attitude and support with the duration of exclusive breastfeeding among first-time mothers
    Hui Wen Phua, Nur Aina Afrina Abdul Razak, Nurul Husna Mohd Shukri
    Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2020;16(106):84-89.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Initiating and sustaining breastfeeding are influence by many factors including involvement, attitude and support from the partner. Research on breastfeeding mostly investigate maternal factors, although the father’s behaviour and role may influence the success of breastfeeding. Hence, this study aimed to determine the associa- tions of father’s attitude and support with the duration of exclusive breastfeeding new parents. Methods: The study involved 104 new parents in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, recruited at three randomly selected antenatal clinics using purposive sampling. Fathers’ breastfeeding attitude was measured using Iowa-Infant-Feeding-Attitude-Scale, whereas paternal support using Subjective Norms and Paternal-Breastfeeding-Influence-Scale questionnaires. Mothers were asked about breastfeeding practice. Results: Exclusive breastfeeding duration rates at six months was 27.9%. The average score for paternal attitude on breastfeeding was 61.0 ±6.3, indicating father’s positive attitude towards breastfeeding. The mean score of paternal breastfeeding supports for subjective norms surrounding breastfeeding and overall support score were 4.3+0.6 and 4.06+0.6, respectively, demonstrating frequent paternal engaging and support in breastfeeding. Duration of exclusive breastfeeding were positively associated with the paternal attitude (β=0.235, p=0.027) and overall mean score for breastfeeding support (β=2.166, p=0.028), but negatively associated with support strategies score (β= -2.203, p=0.026). Conclusion: Overall, paternal support and positive attitude were associated with breastfeeding duration. It is important to increase public awareness on the important roles of fathers during the breastfeeding process such as emphasizing the husband’s role in supporting their wives to breastfeed, as well as the importance of paternal role in caring the baby, especially among new couples.
    Matched MeSH terms: Breast Feeding
  17. Fulltext The influence of hospital practices and family support on breastfeeding duration, adverse events, and postnatal depression among first-time mothers
    Sarah Dib, Jonathan CK Wells, Nurul Husna M Shukri
    Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2020;16(106):90-98.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Baby-friendly hospital practices and family support are recognised to improve the chances of success- ful breastfeeding. The associations between support and maternal psychological state and breastfeeding problems are less explored. This study aimed to assess the influence of professional and family support on breastfeeding ad- verse events and postpartum depression at 2 weeks and exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) status at 12 weeks postpartum, and to identify predictors of positive outcomes. Methods: 64 primiparous Malaysian mothers were interviewed face-to-face, at 2, 6 and 12 weeks post-delivery, to collect data regarding family support, hospital and infant feeding practices, breastfeeding problems and pain, maternal perceptions and depression. Logistic regression and correlation were used to ascertain associations between support and EBF, adverse events and postpartum depression. Results: Neither professional nor family support predicted EBF at 12 weeks. Eighty-five percent of the mothers received high family support, which was associated with lower depression scores (r=-0.36, p=0.005); higher depression scores were associated with more breastfeeding problems. EBF discontinuation before 12 weeks was predicted by maternal perception of insufficient milk supply (OR=8.96, CI=1.78, 45.18). Earlier breastfeeding initiation (r=0.26, p=0.04) and skin-to-skin contact (r=0.25, p=0.048) were associated with lower breastfeeding pain. EBF in hospital was cor- related with fewer breastfeeding problems (r=0.31, p=0.01). Conclusion: Mothers with greater family support suf- fered from less depressive symptoms, which could lower the incidence of breastfeeding problems and prolong EBF duration. Skin-to-skin contact, early breastfeeding initiation and EBF in hospital were associated with less adverse events, thus better compliance with these Baby-Friendly practices is recommended.
    Matched MeSH terms: Breast Feeding
  18. KSR1 regulates BRCA1 degradation and inhibits breast cancer growth
    Stebbing J, Zhang H, Xu Y, Lit LC, Green AR, Grothey A, et al.
    Oncogene, 2015 Apr 16;34(16):2103-14.
    PMID: 24909178 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.129
    Kinase suppressor of Ras-1 (KSR1) facilitates signal transduction in Ras-dependent cancers, including pancreatic and lung carcinomas but its role in breast cancer has not been well studied. Here, we demonstrate for the first time it functions as a tumor suppressor in breast cancer in contrast to data in other tumors. Breast cancer patients (n>1000) with high KSR1 showed better disease-free and overall survival, results also supported by Oncomine analyses, microarray data (n=2878) and genomic data from paired tumor and cell-free DNA samples revealing loss of heterozygosity. KSR1 expression is associated with high breast cancer 1, early onset (BRCA1), high BRCA1-associated ring domain 1 (BARD1) and checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) levels. Phospho-profiling of major components of the canonical Ras-RAF-mitogen-activated protein kinases pathway showed no significant changes after KSR1 overexpression or silencing. Moreover, KSR1 stably transfected cells formed fewer and smaller size colonies compared to the parental ones, while in vivo mouse model also demonstrated that the growth of xenograft tumors overexpressing KSR1 was inhibited. The tumor suppressive action of KSR1 is BRCA1 dependent shown by 3D-matrigel and soft agar assays. KSR1 stabilizes BRCA1 protein levels by reducing BRCA1 ubiquitination through increasing BARD1 abundance. These data link these proteins in a continuum with clinical relevance and position KSR1 in the major oncoprotein pathways in breast tumorigenesis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Breast Neoplasms/genetics; Breast Neoplasms/mortality; Breast Neoplasms/pathology*
  19. Exploring Malaysian mothers' plans on sleeping arrangement with their newborn
    Chang CT, Shunmugam P, Abdul Aziz NA, Abdul Razak NS, Johari N, Mohamad N, et al.
    J Paediatr Child Health, 2020 Mar;56(3):426-431.
    PMID: 31654469 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.14646
    AIM: Bed sharing is defined as a newborn sleeping in the same bed with an adult. Bed sharing may put the newborn at risk of suffocation due to accidental smothering.

    METHODS: This was a quasi-experimental study conducted in a tertiary referral hospital. Healthy post-delivery Malaysian mothers were randomly selected and enrolled into the control or the intervention group. On the day of discharge, mothers in the intervention group were interviewed face-to-face in the post-natal ward on their plans for sleeping arrangement with their newborn. After the interview, mothers were advised not to bed share with their newborn and were given an educational leaflet on safe sleeping practices. One week after discharge, mothers in both groups were interviewed over the telephone regarding their actual sleeping arrangements with their newborn using the same questionnaire. Logistic regression was performed to determine factors associated with reduced bed sharing.

    RESULTS: A total of 94 mothers and 95 mothers were recruited to the control and intervention group, respectively. The baseline bed-sharing prevalence was similar between groups: 60.6% in the control group and 61.1% in the interventional group. The proportion of mothers who bed shared with their newborn reduced from 61.1 to 37.9% after the intervention (P 

    Matched MeSH terms: Breast Feeding
  20. The effects of papaya leaf juice for breastfeeding and working mothers on increasing prolactin hormone levels and infant's weight in Tangerang
    Ikhlasiah M, Winarni LM, Poddar S, Bhaumik A
    Enferm Clin, 2020 06;30 Suppl 5:202-205.
    PMID: 32713569 DOI: 10.1016/j.enfcli.2019.11.054
    Based on preliminary studies, it is known that 80% of working mothers fail to make exclusive breastfeeding, on average babies are given formula milk 2-4 months old and stop breastfeeding at 6-18 months of age. Papaya leaves are one of the galactagogues that contain quercetin which can activate the hormone prolactin and help increase breastmilk. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of giving papaya leaf juice for nursing mothers who work toward increasing levels of the hormone prolactin and infant weight in Tangerang. The research design used was a pre-experimental model with one group pretest-posttest design. Samples taken as many as 10 mothers who have babies aged 0-6 months who have difficulty in breastfeeding because the amount of breastmilk was a little. The study was conducted in several clinics in Tangerang. The intervention was giving papaya leaf juice for 7 consecutive days. The results obtained from this study are as follows: 90% of mothers aged between 20 and 35 years, 70% of mothers have a history of spontaneous labor and have no complications at the time of delivery, 40% of mother's education is junior high school (SMP), and 70% of mothers are primiparas. The average increase in the amount of prolactin after the intervention was 19.59ng/ml, while the average weight gain of the newborn after the intervention was 165g. Wilcoxon test results for increased levels of the hormone prolactin p-value of 0.047<0.05 and for an increase in body weight of newborns p-value of 0.009<0.05. CONCLUSION: There is an effect of giving papaya leaf juice for nursing mothers who work on increasing levels of the hormone prolactin and infant weight in Tangerang. Papaya leaf juice can be a galactagogue for mothers who experience problems with a small amount of breastmilk.
    Matched MeSH terms: Breast Feeding
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