Displaying publications 101 - 120 of 171 in total

Abstract:
Sort:
  1. Enhanced photodegradation of phenol by ZnO nanoparticles synthesized through sol-gel method
    Nikathirah Yusoff, Li-ngee Ho, Soon-an Ong, Yee-shian Wong, Wanfadhilah Khalik, Muhammad Fahmi Ridzwan
    Sains Malaysiana, 2017;46:2507-2514.
    Zinc oxide (ZnO) utilization in advanced oxidation process (AOP) via solar-photocatalytic process was a promising method for alternative treating wastewater containing phenol. The ZnO photocatalyst semiconductor was synthesized by sol-gel method. The morphology of the ZnO nanostructures was observed by using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the crystallite phase of the ZnO was confirmed by x-ray diffraction (XRD). The objective of this study was to synthesis ZnO nanoparticles through a sol-gel method for application as a photocatalyst in the photodegradation of phenol under solar light irradiation. The photodegradation rate of phenol increased with the increasing of ZnO loading from 0.2 until 1.0 g. Only 2 h were required for synthesized ZnO to fully degrade the phenol. The synthesized ZnO are capable to totally degrade high initial concentration up until 45 mg L-1 within 6 h of reaction time. The photodegradation of phenol by ZnO are most favoured under the acidic condition (pH3) where the 100% removal achieved after 2 h of reaction. The mineralization of phenol was monitored through chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction and 92.6% or removal was achieved. This study distinctly utilized natural sunlight as the sole sources of irradiation which safe, inexpensive; to initiate the photocatalyst for degradation of phenol.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis
  2. Fulltext Coupled Oxides/LLDPE Composites for Textile Effluent Treatment: Effect of Neem and PVA Stabilization
    Basiron N, Sreekantan S, Kang LJ, Akil HM, Mydin RBSMN
    Polymers (Basel), 2020 Feb 09;12(2).
    PMID: 32050485 DOI: 10.3390/polym12020394
    The polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and neem extract were grafted onto coupled oxides (3ZT-CO) via reflux process to stabilize the particles to form 3ZT-CO/PVA and 3ZT-CO/Neem. These were then incorporated into LLDPE by melt blending process to give LLDPE/3ZT-CO/PVA and LLDPE/3ZT-CO/Neem composites. The Neem and PVA stabilized particles showed high zeta potential and dispersed homogeneously in water. The stabilization process altered the shape of the particles due to plane growth along the (002) polar direction. The stabilizers acted as capping agents and initiated the one-dimensional growth. The alkyl chain groups from PVA increased the polarity of the LLDPE/3ZT-CO/PVA and played a dominant role in the water adsorption process to activate the photocatalytic activity. This was further enhanced by the homogeneous distribution of the particles and low degree of crystallinity (20.87%) of the LLDPE composites. LLDPE/3ZT-CO/PVA exhibited the highest photodegradation (93.95%), which was better than the non-stabilized particles. Therefore, the photocatalytic activity of a polymer composite can be enhanced by grafting PVA and neem onto couple oxides. The LLDPE/3ZT-CO/PVA composite was further used to treat textile effluent. The results showed the composite was able to remove dye color by 93.95% and to reduce biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) by 99.99%.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis
  3. Constructed wetland-microbial fuel cell for azo dyes degradation and energy recovery: Influence of molecular structure, kinetics, mechanisms and degradation pathways
    Oon YL, Ong SA, Ho LN, Wong YS, Dahalan FA, Oon YS, et al.
    Sci Total Environ, 2020 Jun 10;720:137370.
    PMID: 32325554 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137370
    Complete degradation of azo dye has always been a challenge due to the refractory nature of azo dye. An innovative hybrid system, constructed wetland-microbial fuel cell (CW-MFC) was developed for simultaneous azo dye remediation and energy recovery. This study investigated the effect of circuit connection and the influence of azo dye molecular structures on the degradation rate of azo dye and bioelectricity generation. The closed circuit system exhibited higher chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal and decolourisation efficiencies compared to the open circuit system. The wastewater treatment performances of different operating systems were ranked in the decreasing order of CW-MFC (R1 planted-closed circuit) > MFC (R2 plant-free-closed circuit) > CW (R1 planted-open circuit) > bioreactor (R2 plant-free-open circuit). The highest decolourisation rate was achieved by Acid Red 18 (AR18), 96%, followed by Acid Orange 7 (AO7), 67% and Congo Red (CR), 60%. The voltage outputs of the three azo dyes were ranked in the decreasing order of AR18 > AO7 > CR. The results disclosed that the decolourisation performance was significantly influenced by the azo dye structure and the moieties at the proximity of azo bond; the naphthol type azo dye with a lower number of azo bond and more electron-withdrawing groups could cause azo bond to be more electrophilic and more reductive for decolourisation. Moreover, the degradation pathway of AR18, AO7 and CR were elucidated based on the respective dye intermediate products identified through UV-Vis spectrophotometry, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) analyses. The CW-MFC system demonstrated high capability of decolouring azo dyes at the anaerobic anodic region and further mineralising dye intermediates at the aerobic cathodic region to less harmful or non-toxic products.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis
  4. Fulltext Environmental Remediation Potential of Ferrous Sulfate Waste as an Eco-Friendly Coagulant for the Removal of NH3-N and COD from the Rubber Processing Effluent
    Mohammad Ilias MK, Hossain MS, Ngteni R, Al-Gheethi A, Ahmad H, Omar FM, et al.
    Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2021 11 25;18(23).
    PMID: 34886153 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182312427
    The present study was conducted to determine the potential of utilizing the FeSO4·7H2O waste from the titanium manufacturing industry as an effective coagulant for treating industrial effluent. In this study, the secondary rubber processing effluent (SRPE) was treated using ferrous sulfate (FeSO4·7H2O) waste from the titanium oxide manufacturing industry. The FeSO4·7H2O waste coagulation efficiency was evaluated on the elimination of ammoniacal nitrogen (NH3-N) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) from SRPE. The central composite design (CCD) of experiments was employed to design the coagulation experiments with varying coagulation time, coagulant doses, and temperature. The coagulation experiments were optimized on the optimal elimination of NH3-N and COD using response surface methodology (RSM). Results showed that coagulant doses and temperature significantly influenced NH3-N and COD elimination from SRPE. The highest NH3-N and COD removal obtained were 98.19% and 93.86%, respectively, at the optimized coagulation experimental conditions of coagulation time 70 min, coagulant doses 900 mg/L, and temperature 62 °C. The residual NH3-N and COD in treated SPRE were found below the specified industrial effluent discharge limits set by DoE, Malaysia. Additionally, the sludge generated after coagulation of SRPE contains essential plant nutrients. The present study's finding showed that FeSO4·7H2O waste generated as an industrial byproduct in a titanium oxide manufacturing industry could be utilized as an eco-friendly coagulant in treating industrial effluent.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis
  5. Investigation on the performance of hybrid anaerobic membrane bioreactors for fouling control and biogas production in palm oil mill effluent treatment
    Ng CA, Wong LY, Chai HY, Bashir MJK, Ho CD, Nisar H, et al.
    Water Sci Technol, 2017 Sep;76(5-6):1389-1398.
    PMID: 28953465 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2017.326
    Three different sizes of powdered activated carbon (PAC) were added in hybrid anaerobic membrane bioreactors (AnMBRs) and their performance was compared with a conventional AnMBR without PAC in treating palm oil mill effluent. Their working volume was 1 L each. From the result, AnMBRs with PAC performed better than the AnMBR without PAC. It was also found that adding a relatively smaller size of PAC (approximately 100 μm) enhanced the chemical oxygen demand removal efficiency to 78.53 ± 0.66%, while the concentration of mixed liquor suspended solid and mixed liquor volatile suspended solid were 8,050 and 6,850 mg/L, respectively. The smaller size of PAC could also enhance the biofloc formation and biogas production. In addition, the smaller particle sizes of PAC incorporated into polyethersulfone membrane resulted in higher performance of membrane fouling control and produced better quality of effluent as compared to the membrane without the addition of PAC.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis
  6. Spatial and Temporal Variation of Water Quality in the Bertam Catchment, Cameron Highlands, Malaysia
    Rasul MG, Islam MS, Yunus RBM, Mokhtar MB, Alam L, Yahaya FM
    Water Environ Res, 2017 Dec 01;89(12):2088-2102.
    PMID: 28087920 DOI: 10.2175/106143017X14839994522740
      The spatio-temporal variability of water quality associated with anthropogenic activities was studied for the Bertam River and its main tributaries within the Bertam Catchment, Cameron Highlands, Malaysia. A number of physico-chemical parameters of collected samples were analyzed to evaluate their spatio-temporal variability. Nonparametric statistical analysis showed significant temporal and spatial differences (p < 0.05) in most of the parameters across the catchment. Parameters except dissolved oxygen and chemical oxygen demand displayed higher values in rainy season. The higher concentration of total suspended solids was caused by massive soil erosion and sedimentation. Seasonal variations in contaminant concentrations are largely affected by precipitation and anthropogenic influences. Untreated domestic wastewater discharge as well as agricultural runoff significantly influenced the water quality. Poor agricultural practices and development activities at slope areas also affected the water quality within the catchment. The analytical results provided a basis for protection of river environments and ecological restoration in mountainous Bertam Catchment.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis
  7. Stabilized landfill leachate treatment by coagulation-flocculation coupled with UV-based sulfate radical oxidation process
    Ishak AR, Hamid FS, Mohamad S, Tay KS
    Waste Manag, 2018 Jun;76:575-581.
    PMID: 29503052 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2018.02.047
    In this work, the feasibility of coagulation-flocculation coupled with UV-based sulfate radical oxidation process (UV/SRAOP) in the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) of stabilized landfill leachate (SLL) was evaluated. For coagulation-flocculation, ferric chloride (FeCl3) was used as the coagulant. The effect of initial pH of SLL and COD:FeCl3 ratio on the COD removal was evaluated. The result revealed that COD:FeCl3 ratio of 1:1.3 effectively removed 76.9% of COD at pH 6. The pre-treated SLL was then subjected to UV/SRAOP treatment. For UV/SRAOP, the sulfate radical (SR) was generated using UV-activated persulfate (UV/PS) and peroxymonosulfate (UV/PMS). The dosage of oxidant and reaction time were found to be the main parameters that influence the efficiency of COD removal. On the other hand, the effect of initial pH (3-7) and the type of oxidant (PS and PMS) was found to have no significant influence on COD removal efficiency. At optimum conditions, approximately 90.9 and 91.5% of COD was successfully removed by coagulation-flocculation coupled with UV/PS and UV/PMS system, respectively. Ecotoxicity study using zebrafish showed a reduction in toxicity of SLL from 10.1 to 1.74 toxicity unit (TU) after coagulation-flocculation. The TU remained unchanged after UV/PS treatment but slightly increased to 1.80 after UV/PMS treatment due to the presence of residual sulfate ion in the treated effluent. In general, it can be concluded that coagulation-flocculation coupled with UV/SRAOP could be a potential water treatment method for SLL treatment.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis
  8. Enhancement of simultaneous batik wastewater treatment and electricity generation in photocatalytic fuel cell
    Khalik WF, Ho LN, Ong SA, Voon CH, Wong YS, Yusuf SY, et al.
    Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2018 Dec;25(35):35164-35175.
    PMID: 30328543 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3414-z
    The objective of this study was to investigate several operating parameters, such as open circuit, different external resistance, pH, supporting electrolyte, and presence of aeration that might enhance the degradation rate as well as electricity generation of batik wastewater in solar photocatalytic fuel cell (PFC). The optimum degradation of batik wastewater was at pH 9 with external resistor 250 Ω. It was observed that open circuit of PFC showed only 17.2 ± 7.5% of removal efficiency, meanwhile the degradation rate of batik wastewater was enhanced to 31.9 ± 15.0% for closed circuit with external resistor 250 Ω. The decolorization of batik wastewater in the absence of photocatalyst due to the absorption of light irradiation by dye molecules and this process was known as photolysis. The degradation of batik wastewater increased as the external resistor value decreased. In addition, the degradation rate of batik wastewater also increased at pH 9 which was 74.4 ± 34.9% and at pH 3, its degradation rate was reduced to 19.4 ± 8.7%. The presence of aeration and sodium chloride as supporting electrolyte in batik wastewater also affected its degradation and electricity generation. The maximum absorbance of wavelength (λmax) of batik wastewater at 535 nm and chemical oxygen demand gradually decreased as increased in irradiation time; however, batik wastewater required prolonged irradiation time to fully degrade and mineralize in PFC system.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis
  9. Performance evaluation and kinetic modeling of down-flow high-rate anaerobic bioreactors for poultry slaughterhouse wastewater treatment
    Njoya M, Basitere M, Ntwampe SKO, Lim JW
    Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2020 Nov 04.
    PMID: 33145736 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11397-5
    In this study, the treatment of poultry slaughterhouse wastewater (PSW) was evaluated using two new down-flow high-rate anaerobic bioreactor systems (HRABS), including the down-flow expanded granular bed reactor (DEGBR) and the static granular bed reactor (SGBR). These two bioreactors have demonstrated a good performance for the treatment of PSW with removal percentages of the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), the chemical oxygen demand (COD), and fats, oil, and grease (FOG) exceeding 95% during peak performance days. This performance of down-flow HRABS appears as a breakthrough in the field of anaerobic treatment of medium to high-strength wastewater because down-flow anaerobic bioreactors have been neglected for the high-rate anaerobic treatment of such wastewater due to the success of up-flow anaerobic reactors such as the UASB and the EGSB as a result of the granulation of a consortium of anaerobic bacteria required for efficient anaerobic digestion and biogas production. Hence, to promote the recourse to such technologies and provide further explanation to their performance, this study approached the kinetic analysis of these two down-flow HRABS using the modified Stover-Kincannon and the Grau second-order multi-component substrate models. From a comparison between the two models investigated, the modified Stover-Kincannon model provided the best prediction for the concentration of the substrate in the effluent from the two HRABS. This analysis led to the determination of the kinetic parameters of the two models that can be used for the design of the two HRABS and the prediction of the performance of the SGBR and DEGBR. The kinetic parameters determined using the Modified Stover-Kincannon were Umax = 40.5 gCOD/L.day and KB = 47.3 gCOD/L.day for the DEGBR and Umax = 33.6 gCOD/L.day and KB = 44.9 gCOD/L.day for the SGBR; while, using the Grau second-order model, the kinetic models determined were a = 0.058 and b = 1.112 for the DEGBR and a = 0.135 and b = 1.33 for the SGBR.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis
  10. Biochar-based geopolymer nanocomposite for COD and phenol removal from agro-industrial biorefinery wastewater: Kinetic modelling, microbial community, and optimization by response surface methodology
    Jagaba AH, Lawal IM, Ghfar AA, Usman AK, Yaro NSA, Noor A, et al.
    Chemosphere, 2023 Oct;339:139620.
    PMID: 37524265 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139620
    Agro-industrial biorefinery effluent (AIBW) is considered a highly polluting source responsible for environmental contamination. It contains high loads of chemical oxygen demand (COD), and phenol, with several other organic and inorganic constituents. Thus, an economic treatment approach is required for the sustainable discharge of the effluent. The long-term process performance, contaminant removal and microbial response of AIBW to rice straw-based biochar (RSB) and biochar-based geopolymer nanocomposite (BGC) as biosorbents in an activated sludge process were investigated. The adsorbents operated in an extended aeration system with a varied hydraulic retention time of between 0.5 and 1.5 d and an AIBW concentration of 40-100% for COD and phenol removal under standard conditions. Response surface methodology was utilised to optimize the process variables of the bioreactor system. Process results indicated a significant reduction of COD (79.51%, 98.01%) and phenol (61.94%, 74.44%) for BEAS and GEAS bioreactors respectively, at 1 d HRT and AIBW of 70%. Kinetic model analysis indicated that the Stover-Kincannon model best describes the system functionality, while the Grau model was better in predicting substrate removal rate and both with a precision of between R2 (0.9008-0.9988). Microbial communities examined indicated the abundance of genera, following the biosorbent addition, while RSB and BGC had no negative effect on the bioreactor's performance and bacterial community structure of biomass. Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes were abundant in BEAS. While the GEAS achieved higher COD and phenol removal due to high Nitrosomonas, Nitrospira, Comamonas, Methanomethylovorans and Acinetobacter abundance in the activated sludge. Thus, this study demonstrated that the combination of biosorption and activated sludge processes could be promising, highly efficient, and most economical for AIBW treatment, without jeopardising the elimination of pollutants or the development of microbial communities.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis
  11. A critical review of state-of-the-art electrocoagulation technique applied to COD-rich industrial wastewaters
    Mousazadeh M, Niaragh EK, Usman M, Khan SU, Sandoval MA, Al-Qodah Z, et al.
    Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2021 Aug;28(32):43143-43172.
    PMID: 34164789 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14631-w
    Electrocoagulation (EC) is one of the emerging technologies in groundwater and wastewater treatment as it combines the benefits of coagulation, sedimentation, flotation, and electrochemical oxidation processes. Extensive research efforts implementing EC technology have been executed over the last decade to treat chemical oxygen demand (COD)-rich industrial wastewaters with the aim to protect freshwater streams (e.g., rivers, lakes) from pollution. A comprehensive review of the available recent literature utilizing EC to treat wastewater with high COD levels is presented. In addition, recommendations are provided for future studies to improve the EC technology and broaden its range of application. This review paper introduces some technologies which are often adopted for industrial wastewater treatment. Then, the EC process is compared with those techniques as a treatment for COD-rich wastewater. The EC process is considered as the most privileged technology by different research groups owing to its ability to deal with abundant volumes of wastewater. After, the application of EC as a single and combined treatment for COD-rich wastewaters is thoroughly reviewed. Finally, this review attempts to highlight the potentials and limitations of EC. Related to the EC process in batch operation mode, the best operational conditions are found at 10 V and 60 min of voltage and reaction time, respectively. These last values guarantee high COD removal efficiencies of > 90%. This review also concludes that considerably large operation costs of the EC process appears to be the serious drawback and renders it as an unfeasible approach for handling of COD rich wastewaters. In the end, this review has attempted to highlights the potential and limitation of EC and suggests that vast notably research in the field of continuous flow EC system is essential to introduce this technology as a convincing wastewater technology.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis
  12. Fulltext Optimal reduction of chemical oxygen demand and NH3-N from landfill leachate using a strongly resistant novel Bacillus salmalaya strain
    Dadrasnia A, Azirun MS, Ismail SB
    BMC Biotechnol, 2017 Nov 28;17(1):85.
    PMID: 29179747 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-017-0395-9
    BACKGROUND: When the unavoidable waste generation is considered as damaging to our environment, it becomes crucial to develop a sustainable technology to remediate the pollutant source towards an environmental protection and safety. The development of a bioengineering technology for highly efficient pollutant removal is this regard. Given the high ammonia nitrogen content and chemical oxygen demand of landfill leachate, Bacillus salmalaya strain 139SI, a novel resident strain microbe that can survive in high ammonia nitrogen concentrations, was investigated for the bioremoval of ammonia nitrogen from landfill leachate. The treatability of landfill leachate was evaluated under different treatment parameters, such as temperature, inoculum dosage, and pH.

    RESULTS: Results demonstrated that bioaugmentation with the novel strain can potentially improve the biodegradability of landfill leachate. B. salmalaya strain 139SI showed high potential to enhance biological treatment given its maximum NH3-N and COD removal efficiencies. The response surface plot pattern indicated that within 11 days and under optimum conditions (10% v/v inoculant, pH 6, and 35 °C), B. salmalaya strain139SI removed 78% of ammonia nitrogen. At the end of the study, biological and chemical oxygen demands remarkably decreased by 88% and 91.4%, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy images revealed that ammonia ions covered the cell surface of B. salmalaya strain139SI.

    CONCLUSIONS: Therefore, novel resistant Bacillus salmalaya strain139SI significantly reduces the chemical oxygen demand and NH3-N content of landfill leachate. Leachate treatment by B. salmalaya strain 139SI within 11 days.

    Matched MeSH terms: Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis*
  13. Microalgal-bacterial granular sludge process for non-aerated aquaculture wastewater treatment
    Fan S, Ji B, Abu Hasan H, Fan J, Guo S, Wang J, et al.
    Bioprocess Biosyst Eng, 2021 Aug;44(8):1733-1739.
    PMID: 33772637 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-021-02556-0
    Microalgal-bacterial granular sludge (MBGS) process has become a focal point in treating municipal wastewater. However, it remains elusive whether the emerging process can be applied for the treatment of aquaculture wastewater, which contains considerable concentrations of nitrate and nitrite. This study evaluated the feasibility of MBGS process for aquaculture wastewater treatment. Result showed that the MBGS process was competent to remove respective 64.8%, 84.9%, 70.8%, 50.0% and 84.2% of chemical oxygen demand, ammonia-nitrogen, nitrate-nitrogen, nitrite-nitrogen and phosphate-phosphorus under non-aerated conditions within 8 h. The dominant microalgae and bacteria were identified to be Coelastrella and Rhodobacteraceae, respectively. Further metagenomics analysis implied that microbial assimilation was the main contributor in organics, nitrogen and phosphorus removal. Specifically, considerable nitrate and nitrite removals were also obtained with the synergy between microalgae and bacteria. Consequently, this work demonstrated that the MBGS process showed a prospect of becoming an environmentally friendly and efficient alternative in aquaculture wastewater treatment.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis*
  14. Modeling BOD and COD removal from Palm Oil Mill Secondary Effluent in floating wetland by Chrysopogon zizanioides (L.) using response surface methodology
    Darajeh N, Idris A, Fard Masoumi HR, Nourani A, Truong P, Sairi NA
    J Environ Manage, 2016 Oct 01;181:343-352.
    PMID: 27393941 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.06.060
    While the oil palm industry has been recognized for its contribution towards economic growth and rapid development, it has also contributed to environmental pollution due to the production of huge quantities of by-products from the oil extraction process. A phytoremediation technique (floating Vetiver system) was used to treat Palm Oil Mill Secondary Effluent (POMSE). A batch study using 40 L treatment tanks was carried out under different conditions and Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was applied to optimize the treatment process. A three factor central composite design (CCD) was used to predict the experimental variables (POMSE concentration, Vetiver plant density and time). An extraordinary decrease in organic matter as measured by BOD and COD (96% and 94% respectively) was recorded during the experimental duration of 4 weeks using a density of 30 Vetiver plants. The best and lowest final BOD of 2 mg/L was obtained when using 15 Vetiver plants after 13 days for low concentration POMSE (initial BOD = 50 mg/L). The next best result of BOD at 32 mg/L was obtained when using 30 Vetiver plants after 24 days for medium concentration POMSE (initial BOD = 175 mg/L). These results confirmed the validity of the model, and the experimental value was determined to be quite close to the predicted value, implying that the empirical model derived from RSM experimental design can be used to adequately describe the relationship between the independent variables and response. The study showed that the Vetiver system is an effective method of treating POMSE.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis*
  15. Evaluation of integrated anaerobic-aerobic biofilm reactor for degradation of azo dye methyl orange
    Murali V, Ong SA, Ho LN, Wong YS
    Bioresour Technol, 2013 Sep;143:104-11.
    PMID: 23792659 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.05.122
    This study was to investigate the mineralization of wastewater containing methyl orange (MO) in integrated anaerobic-aerobic biofilm reactor with coconut fiber as bio-material. Different aeration periods (3h in phase 1 and 2; 3, 6 and 15 h in phase 3; 24 h in phase 4 and 5) in aerobic chamber were studied with different MO concentration 50, 100, 200, 200 and 300 mg/L as influent from phase 1-5. The color removals estimated from the standard curve of dye versus optical density at its maximum absorption wavelength were 97%, 96%, 97%, 97%, and 96% and COD removals were 75%, 72%, 63%, 81%, and 73% in phase 1-5, respectively. The MO decolorization and COD degradation followed first-order kinetic model and second-order kinetic model, respectively. GC-MS analysis indicated the symmetrical cleavage of azo bond and the reduction in aromatic peak ensured the partial mineralization of MO.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis
  16. Fulltext Selection of various coagulants for sugar industry waste water treatment
    Nur Shazweena Samsudin, Jami, Mohammed Saedi, Kabbashi, Nassereldeen Ahmed
    Biological and Natural Resources Engineering Journal, 2019;2(1):1-9.
    MyJurnal
    sugar industry is one of the industries that produce a high amount of
    pollutant since its wastewater contains high amount of organic material, biochemical
    oxygen demand (bod) and chemical oxygen demand (cod). if this waste is
    discharged without a proper treatment into the watercourse, it can cause problem to aquatic
    life and environment. for the primary treatment process, sugar wastewater can be treated
    by using chemical precipitation method which involves coagulation process. currently,
    ferric chloride has been used as the coagulant but it consumes more alkalinity and
    corrosive. in this study, the suitable coagulant to be used to treat the wastewater from sugar
    industry and the optimum conditions to achieve high percentage removal of cod was
    determined. the characteristic of the wastewater was firstly determined. then, the most
    suitable coagulant to be used for the treatment was studied by determining their efficiency
    to reduce cod and tss in the wastewater at different dosages. aluminium sulphate
    (alum), ferric chloride and polyaluminium chloride (pac) were chosen to be studied for
    suitable coagulant. The optimum condition of the coagulant (ph, coagulant dosage, fast
    mixing speed) was determined by using design expert software. results showed that alum
    can be used to effectively remove 42.9% of cod and 100% of tss at high dosage (50
    mg/l). the optimum condition of alum was at ph 5.2, 10 mg/l of alum and 250 rpm of
    mixing speed. this shows that at optimum condition, alum can be used to treat wastewater
    from sugar industry.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis
  17. Evaluation of wastewater treatment performance to a field-scale constructed wetland system at clogged condition: A case study of ammonia manufacturing plant
    Keng TS, Samsudin MFR, Sufian S
    Sci Total Environ, 2021 Mar 10;759:143489.
    PMID: 33248782 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143489
    Assessment of the treatment performance in the field-scale hybrid constructed wetland (CW) for ammonia manufacturing plant remains limited. After being in operations running on and off since 2014, the hybrid CW which treats effluent from the ammonia manufacturing plant in Peninsular, Malaysia has recently demonstrated the full clogging to the CW. It takes only 8 months to demonstrate a big deterioration of performance in 2019. Though the mechanism of clogging is not clear, which can be partially from inherent design problems or operational issues, nonetheless, it is important to evaluate how this clogging has impacted the effluent treatment performance and the continuous utilization of the CW. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of the treatment performance on the ammoniacal nitrogen and COD removal when the CW is clogged. The result revealed that there is no impact on COD removal, but it has a substantial impact on the ammoniacal nitrogen removal. The ammoniacal nitrogen removal dropped to negative (outlet concentration is higher than inlet concentration) during the clogged period. Another observation is, the low removal rate also coincides with a high COD/N ratio, when the COD/N ratio increased to >2, the ammoniacal nitrogen removal rate dropped substantially, with the coefficient of determination, R2 of 40.5%. The root cause for the clogging to develop in a short period of time is unidentified. However, it is still worth noting that COD and ammoniacal nitrogen efficiency did not behave the same at the clogged CW.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis
  18. Fulltext Effect of cetyle trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) surfactant on nanofiltration membrane for dye removal
    Abdul Rahman Hassan, Nurul Hannan Mohd Safari, Sabariah Rozali, Hafizan Juahir, Mohd Khairul Amri Kamarudin
    Malaysian Journal of Applied Sciences, 2018;2(2):29-36.
    MyJurnal
    Nanofiltration membranes technology commonly used for wastewater treatment especially
    wastewater containing charged and/or uncharged species. Commonly, textile wastewater
    possesses high chemical oxygen demand (COD) and non-biodegradable compounds such as
    pigments and dyes which lead to environmental hazard and serious health problem. Therefore, the
    objective of this study was to investigate the effects of hydrophilic surfactant on the preparation and
    performance of Active Nanofiltration (ANF) membrane. The polymeric ANF membranes were
    prepared via dry/wet phase inversion technique by immersion precipitation process. The
    Cetyletrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as cationic surfactant was added in casting solution at
    concentrations from 0 to 2.5 wt%. The synthesized membrane performance was evaluated in terms
    of pure water permeation (PWP) and dye rejection. The experimental data showed that the
    membrane demonstrated good increment of PWP ranging from 0.27 to 10.28 L/m2
    h at applied
    pressure from 100 to 500kPa, respectively. Meanwhile, the ANF membranes achieved high
    removal of Methyl Blue and Reactive Black 5 dye up to 99.5% and 91.6%, respectively.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis
  19. Fulltext Single cultures of acinetobacter sp. and cellulosimicrobium sp. grown in pineapple waste: adaption study and potential in reducing cod from real textile wastewater
    Nor Habibah Mohd Rosli, Wan Azlina Ahmad
    Science Letters, 2018;12(1):30-43.
    MyJurnal
    Wastewater from industrial plants such as textile, electroplating and petroleum refineries contains various substances that tend to increase the chemical oxygen demand (COD) of the wastewater. Therefore, it is desired to develop a process suitable for treating the wastewater to meet the regulatory limits. This work was conducted to investigate the potential of adapted single culture of A. baumannii, A.calcoaceticus and C.cellulans in reducing COD in real textile wastewater. The study was carried out by adapting each single culture (10% inoculums) to increasing concentration (1%, 2.5 %, 5%, 7.5 % and 10%) of textile wastewater. Then it was introduced to the textile effluent without pH adjustment for five days and the COD values were measured. The textile wastewater was supplemented with pineapple waste for bacterial growth and metabolism. Results obtained showed that pineapple waste was a good nutrient supply for the growth of the bacteria and the best concentration of textile wastewater for adaptation was at 2.5%. The results also showed that A.calcoaceticus shows highest COD reduction with 67% removal whereas A. baumannii and C.cellulans with 60% and 58% removal respectively. The outcome supported that the single culture used in this study showed considerably high reduction of COD from real textile wastewater.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis
  20. Fulltext Nonlinear partial differential equations model related to oxidation pond treatment system: a case study of mpho at taman timor oxidation pond, Johor Bahru
    Amir S. A. Hamzah, Ali H. M. Murid
    MATEMATIKA, 2018;34(2):293-311.
    MyJurnal
    This study presents a mathematical model examining wastewater pollutant removal through
    an oxidation pond treatment system. This model was developed to describe the reaction
    between microbe-based product mPHO (comprising Phototrophic bacteria (PSB)), dissolved
    oxygen (DO) and pollutant namely chemical oxygen demand (COD). It consists
    of coupled advection-diffusion-reaction equations for the microorganism (PSB), DO and
    pollutant (COD) concentrations, respectively. The coupling of these equations occurred
    due to the reactions between PSB, DO and COD to produce harmless compounds. Since
    the model is nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs), coupled, and dynamic, computational
    algorithm with a specific numerical method, which is implicit Crank-Nicolson
    method, was employed to simulate the dynamical behaviour of the system. Furthermore,
    numerical results revealed that the proposed model demonstrated high accuracy when
    compared to the experimental data.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis
Related Terms
Filters
Contact Us

Please provide feedback to Administrator (afdal@afpm.org.my)

External Links