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Fulltext Body mass index and waist circumference trajectories across the life course and birth cohorts, 1996-2015 Malaysia: sex and ethnicity matter

Teh CH, Rampal S, Kee CC, Azahadi O, Tahir A

Int J Obes (Lond), 2023 Dec;47(12):1302-1308.
PMID: 37833560 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-023-01391-5

OBJECTIVE: The global obesity epidemic remains a significant threat to public health and the economy. Age-period-cohort (APC) analysis is one method to model the trajectory of obesity. However, there is scarce published evidence of such analyses among the South East Asian population. This study aims to explore the sex and ethnic variations of BMI and waist circumference trajectories over time among non-institutionalized Malaysian adults aged 18 to 80 years.
METHODS: Data from four population-based National Health and Morbidity Surveys conducted in 1996, 2006, 2010, and 2015 were pooled. Hierarchical Age-Period-Cohort (HAPC) analysis explored the trajectories of BMI and waist circumference across the life course and birth cohorts by sex and ethnicity. These models assumed no period effect.
RESULTS: Generally, BMI and waist circumference trajectories increased across age and birth cohorts. These trajectories varied by sex and ethnicity. Females have more profound increasing BMI and waist circumference trajectories than their male counterparts as they age and as cohort recency increases. Chinese have less profound BMI and waist circumference increases across the life course and birth cohorts than other ethnic groups.
CONCLUSIONS: The profound increasing cohort trajectories of obesity, regardless of sex and ethnicity, are alarming. Future studies should focus on identifying factors associated with the less profound cohort effect among the Chinese to reduce the magnitude of trajectories in obesity, particularly among future generations.

Matched MeSH terms: Ethnic Groups*
Ethno-behaviorism and the culture-bound syndromes: the case of Amok

Carr JE

Cult Med Psychiatry, 1978 Sep;2(3):269-93.
PMID: 710174

The phenomenon of amok is reviewed in order to demonstrate the heuristic value of an ethno-behavioral model of culture-bound syndromes. The notion that culture-bound syndromes share underlying common disease forms is rejected. Instead, the ethno-behavioral model postulates that culture-bound syndromes consist of culturally specific behavioral repertoires legitimated by culturally sanctioned norms and concepts, but with both behavior and norms acquired in accordance with basic principles of human learning universal to all cultures. Consistent with this model, amok is shown to be a common behavioral pathway for multiple precipitants (which may or may not include disease pathology), but with a distinct form and conceptualization which can be traced to the social learning practices and beliefs of the Malay.

Matched MeSH terms: Ethnic Groups*
Fulltext Hypertension in a multi-ethnic Asian population of Singapore

Chan GC, Teo BW, Tay JC, Chen CH, Cheng HM, Wang TD, et al.

J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich), 2021 03;23(3):522-528.
PMID: 33340436 DOI: 10.1111/jch.14140

The prevalence of hypertension varies by country and region, but it remains a leading yet modifiable risk factor of cardiovascular disease. There are many factors that contribute to the burden of hypertension in Asia, a region with diverse ethnicity. It has been shown that sociodemographic variability is related to ethnic differences, thereby emphasizing the importance of hypertension screening and educating at-risk or vulnerable groups. In this review, we describe the ethnic differences in genetic variants, dietary choice, and lifestyle habits, as well as its association with sociodemographic differences, hypertension awareness, and treatment control.

Matched MeSH terms: Ethnic Groups*
Fulltext Increased risks of cardiovascular diseases and insulin resistance among the Orang Asli in Peninsular Malaysia

Tuan Abdul Aziz TA, Teh LK, Md Idris MH, Bannur Z, Ashari LS, Ismail AI, et al.

BMC Public Health, 2016;16(1):284.
PMID: 27009064 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-2848-9

Despite the strategic development plan by the authorities for the Orang Asli, there are six subtribes of which their population numbers are small (less than 700). These minorities were not included in most of the health related studies published thus far. A comprehensive physiological and biomedical updates on these small subtribes in comparison to the larger subtribes and the urban Malay population is timely and important to help provide appropriate measures to prevent further reduction in the numbers of the Orang Asli.

Matched MeSH terms: Ethnic Groups
Fulltext Bringing leprosy into the open

Chen PCY

World Health Forum, 1988;9(3):323-6.
PMID: 3252811

A study in Sarawak, Malaysia, revealed diverse opinions, prejudices and degrees of knowledge about leprosy among various ethnic groups. The information gathered was used as the base on which a health education package relating to the disease was established. It is intended that this will lead to the early detection and treatment of a higher proportion of cases than has previosly been possible

Matched MeSH terms: Ethnic Groups
Fulltext Mapping of the beta-thalassaemia carrier in Sabah: an initial step to strengthen the Thalassaemia Prevention Program in Malaysia

Asit Sena, Saidatul Norbaya Buang, Mohd Shahriel Md Daud, Soh Chin Li, Zaleha Sulaiman, Kaharnisah Mat Noor, et al.

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2019;15(104):13-13.
MyJurnal

Introduction: Thalassaemia is an autosomal recessive disorder affecting 5 percent of the Malaysian population. The state of Sabah has the highest number of transfusion dependent thalassaemia and β-thalassaemia carrier in Malay-sia. For Malaysia to be successful in the prevention of thalassaemia, Sabah needs to be focused on the preventive activities in areas with high prevalence of β-thalassaemia carriers. Thus, identifying the mapping of β-thalassaemia is crucial for planning for prevention activities. The objective of this study was to identify the prevalence of β-thalas-saemia by districts and ethnic groups in Sabah. Methods: This study used data from Form 4 Thalassaemia Screening Records in 2017. The data were cleaned and analysed using Excel spreadsheet to calculate for the national and state specific prevalence of β-thalassaemia carrier. Subsequently, the data was used for mapping of high-risk districts and ethnic groups in Sabah. Results: A total of 31,655 Form 4 students from 242 secondary schools were screened in Sa-bah in 2017 and 1150 (3.6%) were diagnosed as β-thalassemia carrier. The prevalence of β thalassaemia carrier was higher in the West Coast of Sabah which include Kota Marudi District (11.1%), Nabawan (9.0%), Tambunan (8%), Tongod (7.5%), Ranau (7.0%), Kota Belud (5.0%), Kudat (4.6%), Tenom (4.1%) and Tuaran (4.0%). In the East Coast of Sabah, there was only the Beluran District (5.0%) had prevalence that higher than the state average. β-thalassae-mia carriers were more likely to be of Dusun, Kadazan Dusun followed by Bajau, Murut and Rungus ethnic group. Conclusion: The distribution of β-thalassaemia carrier in Sabah was concentrated in the West Coast of Sabah and more common among the Dusun, Kadazan Dusun followed by Bajau, Murut and Rungus ethnic group. Thus, the thalassaemia prevention activities should be focuses in these areas and ethnic groups.

Matched MeSH terms: Ethnic Groups
Fulltext Compilation of quranic verses (Juz 16 -30) and hadiths of Sahih Muslim related to visual function

Siti Aishah Md Halim, Noor Ezailina Badarudin, Hasbullah Mohamad

International Journal of Allied Health Sciences, 2018;2(3):417-425.
MyJurnal

Al Quran and Al Hadith are not book of sciences, but books of Divine guidance which can be referred to inspire in understanding things including the scientific nature of creation. This study was performed to compile the Quranic verses (Juz 16-30) and Hadith of Sahih Muslim which are related to visual function with scientifically proven facts. Five keywords were chosen based on the process of seeing which were “light”, “eye/eyes” and “sight” and the synonyms of sight which were “vision” and “see”. Search engine, Search Truth was used to help gather the verses and hadiths comprising the keywords. Cross reference with the original copy of the Holy Quran and book of Sahih Muslim was done to ensure the authenticity of the Quranic verses and hadiths. Existing scientific facts regarding the revelation were then gathered to support the findings.There were 377 Quranic verses (Juz 16-30) containing the words “light”, “eye/eyes” and “sight” (and its synonyms). Out of this, only 6 Quranic verses have relation to visual function and have been scientifically proven. For hadith of Sahih Muslim, there were 1285 hadiths containing the words “light”, “eye/eyes” and “sight” (and its synonyms). Out of 1285 hadiths only 8 hadiths of Sahih Muslim found to have relation to visual function and has scientifically proven facts.

Matched MeSH terms: Ethnic Groups
Fulltext Teori darwinisme sosial: suatu pendekatan barat dalam mentamadunkan penduduk di Borneo utara menerusi perspektif sejarah

Noorazmil Bin Noorta, Maureen De Silva

Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2019;4(6):114-125.
MyJurnal

Darwinisme sosial merupakan sebuah teori yang diagungkan oleh kuasa Barat bagi mewujudkan jurang perbezaan manusia dalam pelbagai aspek dengan mengangkat status mereka sebagai bangsa ‘superior’, manakala bangsa kulit hitam dan berwarna pula dikategorikan sebagai ‘inferior’ atau “lesser breed’’ pada abad ke-19. Justeru kajian ini akan memberi tumpuan kepada analisis bagaimana kuasa barat cuba untuk mengimplementasikan teori ini kepada penduduk di Borneo Utara dengan menggunakan dan menerapkan sistem sosial serta budaya mereka sebagai acuan bagi membentuk masyarakat yang mempunyai ketamadunan moden seperti yang mereka percayai bahawa itu merupakan tanggungjawab mereka menerusi slogan “white man burden”. Bagi mencapai objektif ini, kaedah kajian secara kualitatif telah digunakan dengan merujuk kepada sumber primer dan sekunder sebagai sumber utama. Sumber-sumber tersebut merupakan bahan yang dapat diakses di Arkib Negeri dan perpustakaan, serta terdiri daripada buku dan artikel yang terdapat dalam jurnal. Selain itu, sumber daripada laman sesawang yang releven juga digunakan bagi mengukuhkan hujah dan perbincangannya. Dapatan utama kajian ini mendapati bahawa penjajahan kuasa barat khususnya British dalam menguasai Borneo Utara bukan hanya bermatlamatkan pengeksploitasian ekonomi sahaja, namun mereka juga bertujuan untuk mengubah kehidupan tradisional penduduk tempatan memandangkan mereka beranggapan bahawa itu adalah suatu tanggungjawab yang mereka pikul dalam mendidik bangsa yang lebih rendah dari mereka, banyak berkait rapat dengan status dan maruah mereka sebagai kuasa imperialis yang mempromosikan ketamadunan. Maka, demi mencapai matlamat tersebut, pelbagai transformasi dan perubahan yang telah dilakukan oleh British dalam pelbagai aspek bagi mengubah taraf hidup penduduk tempatan khususnya dalam aspek ekonomi, politik dan sosial. Oleh itu, penulis akan membincangkan secara lebih mendalam mengenai justifikasi teori tersebut, serta dengan lebih lanjut bagi membincangkan apakah aspek dan pendekatan yang digunakan oleh Barat dalam mentamadunkan penduduk di Borneo Utara seperti apa yang mereka percayai menurut Darwinisme Sosial.

Matched MeSH terms: Ethnic Groups
Fulltext Elements of Nature in Iban Proverbs (Jaku’ Sempama): An Inqusitive Semantics Analysis

RUSSEL DUNDANG ANAK JEFFREY, MARY FATIMAH SUBET

Trends in Undergraduate Research, 2018;1(1):0-0.
MyJurnal

The use of proverbs in Iban community illustrates that the community exercise language politeness in giving reproach, advice or insinuation to others. The elements used in the proverbs also reflect and describe the culture of this community by applying their experiences and observations to the environment. This study is conducted to analyze the natural elements in Ibans’ proverbs using inquisitive semantic analysis. This research is based on two objectives, namely listing and identifying Ibans’ proverbs (jaku' sempama) which contain elements of nature in the creation and to analyzing the mind and philosophy of Iban community in the creation of proverbs (jaku' sempama) by using inquisitive semantics as the theoretical framework. The natural elements identified are divided into 4 domains, namely animals, plants, resources or energy, and the universe. This is a qualitative research. Corpus data is gathered and two informants were interviewed. The meanings of the proverbs, the cognitive and the philosophy behind the creation of the proverbs plus the intellects of the Iban community are incorporated to reveal the Iban ingenuity behind the creation of a particular proverb. This study also incorporated knowledge from other areas in giving answers on the use of the natural elements identified in the Iban proverbs. Findings show that there are hidden philosophy behind the creations of the proverbs and this philosophy can be attributed to the culture of the community that behold the proverbs.

Matched MeSH terms: Ethnic Groups
Fulltext Distribution of the Sunda colugo (Galeopterus variegatus) in Malaysia (Peninsular, Sabah, Sarawak)

Muhammad Dzulhelmi Muhammad Nasir, Mohd Tajuddin Abdullah

Trop Life Sci Res, 2010;21(2):-.
MyJurnal

There is not much information available on the distribution of the Sunda colugo (Galeopterus variegates) in Malaysia, despite it being one of only two known species in the order Dermoptera. Data on the presence of the Sunda colugo and the vernacular names used by various ethnic groups throughout Malaysia were collected and compiled from various primary and secondary sources. There were 27 locations from Peninsular, 11
locations from Sabah and 34 locations from Sarawak that reported the presence of the Sunda colugo throughout Malaysia. The various ethnic groups of Malaysia adopted 37 different vernacular names to describe the Sunda colugo. This baseline data can be useful for the management authorities in conducting periodic monitoring and will enhance our knowledge of the population dynamics of the Sunda colugo in Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Ethnic Groups
Fulltext Anthropometric Study of Three-Dimensional Facial Morphology in Malay Adults

Othman SA, Majawit LP, Wan Hassan WN, Wey MC, Mohd Razi R

PLoS One, 2016;11(10):e0164180.
PMID: 27706220 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164180

To establish the three-dimensional (3D) facial soft tissue morphology of adult Malaysian subjects of the Malay ethnic group; and to determine the morphological differences between the genders, using a non-invasive stereo-photogrammetry 3D camera.

Matched MeSH terms: Ethnic Groups
Structural identification of haemoglobin E in Malayan ethnic groups

Blackwell RQ, Lie-Injo LE, Weng MI

Trop Geogr Med, 1971 Sep;23(3):294-5.
PMID: 5099000
Matched MeSH terms: Ethnic Groups
Fulltext Data normatif timpanometri di kalangan kanak-kanak Melayu prasekolah

Noor Alaudin Abdul Wahab, Norashikin Chahed

Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia, 2010;8(1):13-18.
MyJurnal

Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan data normatif timpanometri di kalangan kanak-kanak Melayu prasekolah dan membandingkannya menurut jantina. Ini kerana faktor bukan patologi seperti umur, jantina dan bangsa mempengaruhi data normatif timpanometri. Sehubungan itu, garis panduan saringan telinga tengah oleh American Speech and Hearing Association (ASHA) yang menggunakan data normatif timpanometri kanak-kanak Kaukasian mungkin tidak sesuai untuk populasi kanak-kanak Melayu. Parameter timpanometri yang diukur ialah puncak statik admitan akustik dikompensasi (puncak Ytm), isipadu salur telinga luar (Vea) dan kelebaran timpanogram (TW). Seramai 161 orang kanak-kanak Melayu (80 orang kanak-kanak lelaki dan 81 orang kanak-kanak perempuan) berumur antara 4 hingga 6 tahun terlibat di dalam kajian ini. Bagaimanapun, hanya seramai 45 orang kanak-kanak lelaki dan 46 orang kanak-kanak perempuan (163 dari keseluruhan 182 telinga) memenuhi kriteria inklusi iaitu lulus pemeriksaan otoskopi dan saringan pendengaran serta menunjukkan refleks akustik ipsilateral pada 1000 Hz. Ujian ANOVA Campuran dua-hala untuk membandingkan min parameter timpanometri kanak-kanak lelaki dan perempuan menunjukkan tiada perbezaan yang signifikan; min puncak Ytm (p > 0.05), min Vea (p > 0.05), dan min TW (p > 0.05). Oleh itu, data kedua-dua kumpulan ini digabungkan. Secara keseluruhan, nilai min puncak Ytm ialah 0.55 ± 0.28mmhos, min Vea ialah 0.90 ± 0.39 cm3, dan min TW ialah 104.68 ± 32.08 daPa. Julat normal persentil ke-90 bagi puncak Ytm ialah antara 0.27 hingga 1.18 mmhos, Vea antara 0.45 hingga 1.65 cm3 dan TW antara 59.60 hingga 149.80 daPa. Hasil kajian mencadangkan data normatif timpanometri ini sesuai digunakan ke atas kanak-kanak Melayu prasekolah namun ianya tidak perlu dibezakan mengikut jantina. Sekiranya setiap satu nilai TW > 200 daPa dan Vea > 1.0 cm3 oleh ASHA diaplikasi ke atas kanak-kanak Melayu prasekolah, maka masing-masing akan menyebabkan kadar rujukan yang rendah dan kadar rujukan yang berlebihan.

Matched MeSH terms: Ethnic Groups
Fulltext Reflections on IMU’s success in the last two decades and the way forward into the third decade

Suleiman AB

International e-Journal of Science, Medicine & Education, 2013;7(1):21-23.
MyJurnal

The International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur (IMU) has just completed 20 years of success and had a series of events to celebrate its 20th anniversary as well as its achievements in 2012. As part of the 20th anniversary celebrations, IMU successfully co-hosted the Ottawa conference with the European Medical Education Association in Kuala Lumpur. This was the first time this conference was hosted in Asia and it was one of the biggest and most successful of the Ottawa Conference series ever held. This conference focuses on medical education with the major emphasis on assessment.

Matched MeSH terms: Ethnic Groups
Fulltext Prevalence Of Developmental Defects Of Enamel Among 16-Year-Old Children In Malaysia

Nik Hussien, N.N., Majid, Z.A., Mutalib, K.A., Abdullah, F., Abang, A., Wan, M.N.

Ann Dent, 1999;6(1):-.
MyJurnal

The prevalence of developmental defects of enamel was assessed in 4805 16-year-old schoolchildren in fluoridated and non-fluoridated areas in Malaysia. In this sample, the mouth prevalence was 56.0%; tooth prevalence was 21.8%. There were significant differences between children in fluoridated and non-fluoridated areas, urban and rural areas as well as between the ethnic groups. However, there was no significant gender difference. Prevalences were lower than those reported in most other Asiancountries. However, direct comparisons could not be madedue to differences in indices and methodology used.

Matched MeSH terms: Ethnic Groups
Fulltext The achilles tendon: myth and true facts

Levin, K.B, Das, S.

Journal of Surgical Academia, 2011;1(1):81-82.
MyJurnal

In this article, we speculate the reasons behind the death of Achilles during the Trojan war. Roots of Medicine can be traced to ancient Greek history. From the Hippocrates Oath to the Achilles tendon, it all has a long story to tell. In the history of ancient Greece, Gods played an important role in their lives and the immortals existed.

Matched MeSH terms: Ethnic Groups
Fulltext The incidence of tori in Malaysians- a retrospective analysis

Shareif Alan, Mohammed Subhi

International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2017;16(21):15-15.
MyJurnal

The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of torus palatinus and torus
mandibularis in Malaysians. The objectives are to evaluate the incidence of tori according to
ethnicity, to assess the incidence of tori according to gender and to determine the incidence of
torus palatinus vs torus mandibularis. (Copied from article).

Matched MeSH terms: Ethnic Groups
Ethnic-Specific Sociodemographic Factors as Determinants of Cognitive Performance: Cross-Sectional Analysis of the Malaysian Elders Longitudinal Research Study

Asmuje NF, Mat S, Myint PK, Tan MP

Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord, 2022;51(5):396-404.
PMID: 36446343 DOI: 10.1159/000526904

INTRODUCTION: Despite cognitive impairment being a major health issue within the older population, limited information is available on factors associated with cognitive function among Asian ethnic groups. The objective of this study was to identify ethnic-specific sociodemographic risk factors which are associated with cognitive performance.
METHODS: Cross-sectional analysis of the Malaysian Elders Longitudinal Research (MELoR) study involving community-dwelling individuals aged >55 years was conducted. Information on sociodemographic factors, medical history, and lifestyle were obtained by computer-assisted interviews in participants' homes. Cognitive performance was assessed with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) tool during subsequent hospital-based health checks. Hierarchical multiple linear regression analyses were conducted with continuous MoCA scores as the dependent variable.
RESULTS: Data were available for 1,140 participants, mean (standard deviation [SD]) = 68.48 (7.23) years, comprising 377 (33.1%) ethnic Malays, 414 (36.3%) Chinese, and 349 (30.6%) Indians. Mean (SD) MoCA scores were 20.44 (4.92), 23.97 (4.03), and 22.04 (4.83) for Malays, Chinese, and Indians, respectively (p = 0.01). Age >75 years, <12 years of education, and low functional ability were common risk factors for low cognitive performance across all three ethnic groups. Cognitive performance was positively associated with social engagement among the ethnic Chinese (β [95% CI] = 0.06 [0.01, 0.11]) and Indians (β [95% CI] = 0.16 [0.09, 0.23]) and with lower depression scores (β [(95% CI] = -0.08 [-0.15, -0.01]) among the ethnic Indians.
CONCLUSION: Common factors associated with cognitive performance include age, education, and functional ability, and ethnic-specific factors were social engagement and depression. Interethnic comparisons of risk factors may form the basis for identification of ethnic-specific modifiable risk factors for cognitive decline and provision of culturally acceptable prevention measures.

Matched MeSH terms: Ethnic Groups
Estimating excess mortalities due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia between January 2020 and September 2021

Jayaraj VJ, Chong DW, Wan KS, Hairi NN, Bhoo-Pathy N, Rampal S, et al.

Sci Rep, 2023 Jan 03;13(1):86.
PMID: 36596828 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26927-z

Excess mortalities are a more accurate indicator of true COVID-19 disease burden. This study aims to investigate levels of excess all-cause mortality and their geographic, age and sex distributions between January 2020-September 2021. National mortality data between January 2016 and September 2021 from the Department of Statistics Malaysia was utilised. Baseline mortality was estimated using the Farrington algorithm and data between 1 January 2016 and 31 December 2019. The occurrence of excess all-cause mortality by geographic-, age- and sex-stratum was examined from 1 January 2020 to 30 September 2021. A sub-analysis was also conducted for road-traffic accidents, ethnicity and nationality. Malaysia had a 5.5-23.7% reduction in all-cause mortality across 2020. A reversal is observed in 2021, with an excess of 13.0-24.0%. Excess mortality density is highest between July and September 2021. All states and sexes reported excess trends consistent with the national trends. There were reductions in all all-cause mortalities in individuals under the age of 15 (0.4-8.1%) and road traffic accident-related mortalities (36.6-80.5%). These reductions were higher during the first Movement Control Order in 2020. Overall, there appears to be a reduction in all-cause mortality for Malaysia in 2020. This trend is reversed in 2021, with excess mortalities being observed. Surveillance of excess mortalities can allow expedient detection of aberrant events allowing timely health system and public health responses.

Matched MeSH terms: Ethnic Groups
The Impact of COVID-19 on Values and Religiosity in a Multi-Ethnic Population

Koh MY, Lai ST, Lim KS, Lim SYH, Chin J, Chia ZJ, et al.

Asia Pac J Public Health, 2023 Nov;35(8):524-528.
PMID: 37864316 DOI: 10.1177/10105395231207238

We investigated the COVID-19 pandemic's impact on values and religiosity in multi-ethnic Malaysia. Values were measured as changes in values, daily activities, and life priorities using a 5-point Likert scale (-2 to +2). Centrality of Religiosity Scale measured changes in religiosity. Around 176 predominantly female (66.5%), Chinese (68.2%) respondents, aged 35.5 ± 14.1 completed the survey. Most life values changed positively: a sense of security at home (2, interquartile range [IQR]: 1-2), connection with family (1, 1-2), and contribution to society (1, 1-2). Certain life priorities' importance increased: health (2, IQR 2-2), family (2, 2-2), and happiness (2, 1-2); except power and money. These significant positive changes in values and religiosity varied between genders and ethnicities.

Matched MeSH terms: Ethnic Groups

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